Flora of New York/Crossosomatales, Sapindales

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Myrtales
Flora of New York — Crossosomatales, Sapindales
Malvales
Table of
contents
Genus
index
Protected species index Invasive species index


Clades Order Family Subfamily Tribe Genus Common names #
angiosperms:
  eudicots:
    rosids:
      malvids
Crossosomatales Staphyleaceae Staphylea bladdernut 1
Sapindales Anacardiaceae Anacardioideae Rhoeae Rhus sumac 5
Toxicodendron poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac 4
Cotinus smoketree 2
Sapindaceae Hippocastanoideae Acereae Acer maple 15
Hippocastaneae Aesculus buckeye, horse chestnut 2
Sapindoideae Koelreuterieae Koelreuteria golden rain tree 1
Paullinieae Cardiospermum balloon vine 1
Simaroubaceae Ailantheae Ailanthus tree-of-heaven, Chinese sumac 1
Rutaceae Rutoideae Ruta rue 1
Toddalioideae Zanthoxylum prickly ash 1
Ptelea hop tree 1
Phellodendron Amur cork tree 1
Dictamnus gas plant 1
Meliaceae Melioideae Melieae Melia Chinaberry tree 1

Order Crossosomatales[edit | edit source]

The Crossosomatales Takht. ex Reveal (1993) is a small order[1] that has a single native species in New York.[2]
  1. P. F. Stevens (2001-2015). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13. Sep. 2013.
  2. Staphyleaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Family Staphyleaceae[edit | edit source]

The Staphyleaceae (bladdernut family) has been placed in Sapindales as recently as 1981 (Cronquist) and 1997 (Takhtajan).[1] Only one species of this family is found in New York.[2]
  1. P. F. Stevens (2001-2015). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13. Sep. 2013.
  2. Staphyleaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Staphylea[edit | edit source]

Crossosomatales — Staphyleaceae — Staphylea
Genus Staphylea Bladdernut N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Staphylea trifolia L.
1766. Staphylodendron trifoliatum Crantz
American bladdernut,
Bladder nut
Staphylier à trois folioles,
Staphylier trifolié
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure

FAC

Perennial,
Tree, shrub,
Shade

NYFA: 5

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Order Sapindales[edit | edit source]

The order Sapindales

Family Anacardiaceae[edit | edit source]

The Anacardiaceae (cashew or sumac family) ...[1]
  1. Anacardiaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Subfamily Anacardioideae[edit | edit source]

Rhus[edit | edit source]

Rhus typhina
Rhus contains the sumac trees, which are all beneficial New York natives. However, the Chinese sumac or tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) in the Simaroubaceae (quassia family, below) is a potentially invasive non-native.
Sapindales — Anacardiaceae — Anacardioideae — Rhoeae — Rhus
Genus Rhus Sumac N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.

1753. Datisca hirta L. (i)
1756. Rhus typhina L.
1768. Rhus canadensis Mill.
1847. Rhus typhina  var. lacinata  Alph. Wood
1891. Toxicodendron typhinum Kuntze
1892. Rhus americana Dippel
1892. Rhus hirta (L.) Sudw. (i)
1894. Rhus frutescens Hort (i)
1903. Schmaltzia hirta (L.) Small (i)
Staghorn sumac,
Stag's-horn sumac,
Velvet sumac,
Vinegar tree
Sumac vinaigrier,
Sumac amaranthe,
Vinaigrier
Native, CoC: 1,
Secure

UPL

Perennial,
Tree, shrub

NYFA: 5

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 L.

1753. Rhus glabra L.
Smooth sumac Native, CoC: 3,
Secure

UPL

Perennial,
Tree, shrub

NYFA: 5

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 L.
 var. copallinum

1753. Rhus copallinum L.
Winged sumac Native, CoC: 7,
Secure

FACU-UPL

Perennial,
Tree, Shrub

NYFA: 5

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 L.
 var. latifolia Engl.

1883. Rhus copallinumvar. latifolia
1891. Toxicodendron copallinum
var. latifolium
Broadleaf winged sumac Native, CoC: 7,
No reports

FACU-UPL

Perennial,
Tree, Shrub
Oswego (1922)
NYFA: U

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 Aiton
 var. aromatica

1789. Rhus aromatica Aiton
Fragrant sumac Native, CoC: 7,
Secure

UPL

Perennial,
Shrub

NYFA: 5

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 var. arenaria

1905. Schmaltzia arenaria Greene
1937. Rhus trilobata  var. arenaria  (Greene) F.A.Barkley
1940. Schmaltzia trilobata  var. arenaria  (Greene) F.A.Barkley
1941. Rhus aromatica  var. arenaria  (Greene) Fernald
1945. Rhus arenaria (Greene) G.N.Jones
Fragrant sumac N. America native
 US midwest,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

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 Greene (pro sp.)

Rhus glabra ×
Rhus typhina

1901. Rhus glabravar. borealis
1906. Rhus borealis Greene
1908. Rhus pulvinata Greene
Northern sumac,
Pulvinate sumac,
Hybrid of
 smooth sumac &
 staghorn sumac
Native,
Threatened

NYFA: 2?

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Toxicodendron[edit | edit source]

Toxicodendron contains the native, but often unwelcome, poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac trio. All of these produce the resin urushiol which can cause severe skin and mucous-membrane irritation in those who have a sensitivity to it.
Toxicodendron sect. Toxicodendron[edit | edit source]
While both eastern poison-ivy (T. radicans) and western poison-ivy (T. rydbergii) are rhizomatous and may occur as low shrubs, only eastern poison-ivy has aerial roots, allowing it to also occur as a trailing or climbing liana.[1]

Eastern poison-ivy — In North America in general, T. radicans ssp. radicans occurs primarily east of the Appalachian Mountains and can be considered as a coastal taxon, while ssp. negundo occurs primarily west of the Appalachians. In New York, ssp. radicans occurs primarily in the southeast part of the state and up the Hudson Valley, while ssp. negundo occurs in the western and central parts of the state.[2]

Western poison-ivyToxicodendron rydbergii is closely related to eastern poison-ivy, and despite its morphological differences and lack of climbing ability, may still be considered a subspecies or variety of T. radicans.


T. radicans Leaflets Petioles Drupes Stems
ssp. radicans fairly flat, underside glabrous except on main veins; tufts of hair on vein axils glabrous pubescent, scabrous, or papillose may have aerial roots
ssp. negundo fairly flat, underside softly pubescent pubescent usually glabrous may have aerial roots
ssp. rydbergii thicker, somewhat folded, underside glabrous to sparsely strigose, upper surface glabrous glabrous larger, glabrous without aerial roots
Sapindales — Anacardiaceae — Anacardioideae — Rhoeae — Toxicodendron sect. Toxicodendron
Genus ToxicodendronMill.sect. Toxicodendron Poison ivy N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(L.) Kuntze
ssp. radicans

1753. Rhus radicans L.
1768. Toxicodendron vulgare Mill.
1891. Toxicodendron radicans Kuntze
1902. Rhus littoralis Mearns
1924. R. radicansvar. littoralis Deam
1941. R. radicansvar. malacotrichocarpa
Fernald
Eastern poison ivy
Herbe à puce de l'Est
Native, CoC: 3,
Secure

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb, Vine,
Shrub, Subshrub

NYFA: 5

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(L.) Kuntze
ssp. negundo (Greene) Gillis

1905. Toxicodendron negundo Greene
1971. T. radicansssp. negundo
1990. T. radicansvar. negundo
Midwestern poison ivy,
Eastern poison ivy
Native, CoC: 3,
Unranked

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb, Vine,
Shrub, Subshrub

NYFA: U

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(Small ex Rydb.) Greene

1900. Rhus rydbergii Small ex Rydb.
1905. Toxicodendron rydbergii Greene
1927. Rhus toxicodendronvar. rydbergii
Garrett
1939. Rhus radicansvar. rydbergii
1961. T. radicansvar. rydbergii
[1]
1981. Rhus radicansssp. rydbergii
1982. T. radicansssp. rydbergii
Western poison ivy,
Rydberg's poison ivy,
Northern poison oak
Herbe à puce de Rydberg,
Sumac de Rydberg
Native, CoC: 4,
Vulnerable

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb, Vine,
Shrub, Subshrub

NYFA: 3?

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Genus Toxicodendronsect. Toxicodendron (excluded taxa) Poison ivy N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Mill.

1768. T. pubescens Mill.
    
    
Atlantic poison oak
Eastern poison-oak

N. America native
 southeast U.S.,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

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Toxicodendron sect. Venenata[edit | edit source]
Sapindales — Anacardiaceae — Anacardioideae — Rhoeae — Toxicodendron sect. Venenata
Genus ToxicodendronMill.sect. Venenata Poison sumac N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Kuntze

Poison sumac Native,
Likely secure,
Perennial,
Shrub-tree

NYFA: 4

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Cotinus[edit | edit source]

Cotinus coggygria
The genus Cotinus contains about seven shrubs. often referred to as smoke trees, some species of which have been planted in New York but probably not naturalized.
Sapindales — Anacardiaceae — Anacardioideae — Rhoeae — Cotinus
Genus Cotinus Smoke tree N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Scop.

1753. Rhus cotinus L.
1771. Cotinus coggygria Scop.
1891. Cotinus cotinus Sarg.
Smoketree,
Smokebush,
Venetian sumac,
Wigtree
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Not naturalized

NYFA: X

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 Raf.

1840. Cotinus obovatus Raf.
1849. Cotinus americanus Nutt.
1859. Rhus cotinoides Nutt. ex J.G.Cooper
1892. Rhus americana Sudw.
1894. Cotinus cotinoides Britton
American smoketree,
Chittamwood
Introduced from
 US South,
N. America native,
Cultivated in NY,
Not naturalized

Perennial,
Tree, shrub

NYFA: 0

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Family Sapindaceae[edit | edit source]

The Sapindaceae (soapberry family) ...[1]

Subfamily Hippocastanoideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Acereae[edit | edit source]

Acer[edit | edit source]
The genus Acer is represented by about fifteen native or naturalized species in New York. These species are here separated into sections following de Jong (2002).[2] These sections are further organized into three tables corresponding to the three clusters (aceroid, palmatoid, and platanoid) described by Grimm et. al. (2006).[3]

Most Acer species go by the common name maple, and all have opposite leaves. Maples are represented by the initial letter 'M' in the mnemonic "MADCap Horse," which can be used to remember which trees have opposite leaves. The other opposite-leave trees represented are Ash, Dogwood, Caprifoliaceae, and Horse chestnut. Of course there are exceptions.


  1. Sapindaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
  2. P. C. de Jong, 2002. World maple diversity, pp.2–11, in: Wiegrefe, S. J., H. Angus, D. Otis, and P. Gregorey (eds.). Proceedings of the 2002 International Maple Symposium held at Westonbirt Arboretum and the Royal Agricultural College in Gloucestershire, England.
  3. Guido W. Grimm, Susanne S. Renner, Alexandros Stamatakis & Vera Hemleben, 2006. A Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Phylogeny of Acer Inferred with Maximum Likelihood, Splits Graphs, and Motif Analysis of 606 Sequences.
Aceroid sect. Acer[edit | edit source]
Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) leaves, fruits, and flowers.

Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and black maple (Acer nigrum) are often treated as conspecific, with black maple identified as a subspecies of sugar maple. There are significant morphological differences, but little genetic difference between the two trees, which commonly hybridize. So it's thought that the morphological differences may be more the result of local conditions.[1] The range of black maple does not extend much farther east than New York, while sugar maple is common in both New England and the Mid-west.

The Eurasian sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus), also in the Acer section, is not common in New York, but it can become weedy and is now prohibited due to its demonstrated invasive potential.


Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Aceroid sect. Acer
Genus Acersect. Acerser. Saccharodendron Maple N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Marshall

1785. Acer saccharum Marshall
Sugar maple,
Hard maple,
Rock maple
Érable à sucre,
Érable franc,
Érable franche
Native,
Secure

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NYFA: 5

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 F.Michx.

1812. Acer nigrum F.Michx.
1838. Acer saccharinumvar. nigrum
1889. Acer saccharumvar. nigrum
1933. Saccharodendron nigrum Small
1952. Acer saccharumssp. nigrum
1983. Acer saccharumvar. viride
Black maple,
Black sugar maple
Érable noir
Native,
Secure

FACU

Perennial,
Tree

NYFA: 5

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Acer nigrum × saccharum

Acer nigrum ×
Acer saccharum

Hybrid of
 black maple &
 sugar maple
Hybride de
 érable noir et de
 érable à sucre
Native,
Unranked

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Genus Acersect. Acerser. Acer Maple N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Acer pseudoplatanus L.
Sycamore maple,
False planetree
Érable sycomore
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS: 71%[1],
iMapInvasives,
Prohibited[2],
CP-5[3] NE-4[4]

NYFA: X

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Aceroid sect. Rubra[edit | edit source]
Acer × freemanii
Silver maple (Acer saccharinum) and red maple (Acer rubrum) are closely related and hybridize as Freeman maple (Acer × freemanii)
Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Aceroid sect. Rubra
Genus Acersect. Rubra Maple N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Acer saccharinum L.
1789. Acer dasycarpum Ehrh.
1803. Acer eriocarpum Michx.
1881. Acer album hort. ex G. Nicholson
1933. Argentacer saccharinum Small
Silver maple
Soft maple
White maple
River maple
Water maple

Érable argenté
Érable blanc
Plaine blanche
Native,
Secure

FACW

Perennial,
Tree

NYFA: 5

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 L.
var. rubrum

1753. Acer rubrum L.
Red maple,
Scarlet maple,
Soft maple,
Swamp maple
Native,
Secure

FAC

Perennial,
Tree

NYFA: 5

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 L.
var. trilobum Torr. & A.Gray ex K.Koch

    Acer carolinianum
    Rufacer carolinianum
    Acer rubrumvar. tridens
Three-lobed red maple
Carolina red maple
Trident red maple
Native,
Vulnerable

FACW-OBL

Perennial,
Tree

NYFA: 3-4

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 A.E.Murray

Acer rubrum ×
Acer saccharinum

1969. Acer × freemani A.E.Murray
Freeman maple,
Freeman's maple,
Soft maple
Native,
Threatened

NYFA: 2

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Aceroid sect. Ginnala[edit | edit source]
Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Aceroid sect. Ginnala
Genus Acersect. Ginnala Maple N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Maxim.

1856. Acer ginnala Maxim.
1857. Acer tataricumvar. laciniatum
1859. Acer tataricumvar. ginnala
1890. Acer tataricumssp. ginnala
Amur maple,
Ginnala maple
Érable du fleuve Amour
Introduced from
 east Asia,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 66%[1],
iMapInvasives,
CP-3[2] NE-4[3],
WW

NYFA: X

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  1. New York non-native plant invasiveness assessmentAcer ginnala: Moderate 66 (MCLH).
  2. Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)
  3. Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service
Aceroid sect. Pentaphylla[edit | edit source]
Acer buergerianum var. formosanum
Section Pentaphylla contains two East Asian maples that are commonly cultivated in New York, but are not known to naturalize in the state.
Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Aceroid sect. Pentaphylla
Genus Acersect. Pentaphylla Maple N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Miq.

1865. Acer buergerianum Miq.
 auct. Acer trifidumnon Thunb. (1784)
Trident maple Introduced from
 China,
 Taiwan,
Cultivated,
Not naturalized

NYFA: U

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 (Franch.) Pax

1894. Acer nikoensevar. griseum
1902. Acer griseum (Franch.) Pax
Paperbark maple,
Chinese paperbark maple
Introduced from
 China,
Cultivated,
Not naturalized

NYFA: U

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Palmatoid sect. Negundo[edit | edit source]
Acer negundo
Box-elder (Acer negundo) is a common, often weedy tree that may be native to only the south-central portion of New York State, in the vicinity of Binghamton and Ithaca. Elsewhere in the state it is considered to be introduced. Box-elder is considered to be introduced and invasive in parts of Canada.

Boxelder is the only locally native or naturalized Acer species with compound leaves, which often superficially resemble poison ivy (Toxicodendron spp.)


Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Palmatoid sect. Negundo
Genus Acersect. Negundo Boxelder maple N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
var. negundo

1753. Acer negundo L.
1794. Negundo aceroides (L.) Moench
1882. Negundo negundo (L.) Karst.
Box-elder,
Manitoba maple,
Ash-leaved maple
Érable à Giguère,
Érable négondo,
Érable argilière
Native, CoC: 1,
Secure,
Note [1]

FACW-FAC

Perennial,
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NYFA: 5

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Genus Acer (excluded taxa) Boxelder maple N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
var. violaceum (G.Kirchn.) H.Jaeger

1864. N. aceroidesvar. violaceum
1884. Acer negundovar. violaceum
1908. Acer violaceum Simonk.
1982. Negundo aceroides
ssp. violaceus W.A.Weber
Box elder Native, CoC: 1,
Unranked,
Note:[2]

FACW-FAC

Perennial,
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NYFA: ?

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  1. Acer negundo is thought to be native to only parts of the state, mainly in the south-central part. It is considered to be introduced elsewhere and may be weedy.
  2. VASCAN, citing FNA Ed. Comm., in prep. f., considers Acer negundo var. violaceum to be a synonym of Acer negundo.
Palmatoid sect. Spicata[edit | edit source]
Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Palmatoid sect. Spicata
Genus Acersect. Spicata Maple N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Lam.

1771. Acer pensylvanicum Du Roi
non L.
1784. Acer parviflorum Ehrh.
non Franch. & Sav.
1786. Acer spicatum Lam.
1811. Acer montanum W.T.Aiton
non Lam.
Mountain maple,
Moose maple,
White maple
Érable à épis,
Érable bâtard,
Plaine bâtarde,
Plaine bleue
Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4-5

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Palmatoid sect. Palmata[edit | edit source]
Japanese maple, a popular ornamental tree has been found to naturalize in forest understories in the southeastern part of the state, and is considered invasive there.
Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Palmatoid sect. Palmata
Genus Acersect. Palmata Maple N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Thunb.

1784. Acer palmatum Thunb.
1867. Acer sanguineum Carrière
Japanese maple Introduced from
 temperate Asia,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 50%[1],
iMapInvasives,
NE-4[2] VT

NYFA: X

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  1. New York non-native plant invasiveness assessmentAcer palmatum: Moderate (50%).
  2. Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service
Platanoid sect. Macrantha[edit | edit source]
Acer pensylvanicum
striped maple
As the name suggests, the main stems of striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum, the only New York native in sect. Macrantha) have vertical white stripes on green-to-brown bark.
Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Platanoid sect. Macrantha
Genus Acersect. Macrantha Snakebark maple N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Acer pensylvanicum L.
1755. Acer canadense Duhamel
1771. Acer striatum Du Roi
Striped maple,
Green-striped maple,
Moosewood,
Whistlewood,
Goosefoot maple,
Pennsylvania maple
Èrable de Pennsylvanie
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure

FACU

Perennial,
Shrub-tree,
Part shade - shade

NYFA: 5

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Platanoid sect. Platanoidea[edit | edit source]
Acer platanoides
Norway Maple
Norway maple (Acer platanoides) is a widely-used street tree but has escaped cultivation near northeastern cities and has become a major threat to nearby forests and other habitats, where it can become the dominant tree and displace native vegetation.
Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Platanoid sect. Platanoidea
Genus Acersect. Platanoidea Maple N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

    
Norway maple Introduced,
Very highly invasive,
 NYIS: 82%[1],
iMapInvasives,
Regulated[2],
CP-2[3] NE-1[4]

NYFA: X

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Hedge maple,
Field maple
Introduced,
Moderately invasive,
CP-3[5]

NYFA: X

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 Bunge

1833. Acer truncatum Bunge
    Acer platanoidesvar. truncatum
    
Painted maple,
Shantung maple,
Purple-blow maple
Introduced from
 temperate Asia

NYFA: U

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  1. New York non-native plant invasiveness assessmentAcer platanoides: Very high (82).
  2. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species
  3. Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)
  4. Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service
  5. Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)

Tribe Hippocastaneae[edit | edit source]

Aesculus[edit | edit source]

The genus Aesculus is sometimes included in its own Hippocastanaceae (horse chestnut or buckeye family).

Aesculus sect. Aesculus[edit | edit source]
Aesculus hippocastanum
horse chestnut
Horse chestnuts (Aesculus hippocastanum) were introduced from Europe, and are not closely related to Castanea (chestnuts), which are in the Fagaceae with Quercus (oak) and Fagus (beech). The horse chestnut is on the Mid-Atlantic Exotic Pest Plant Council Plant List.[1]

Horse chestnuts are commonly planted in New York State. The New York Flora Atlas questions whether they truly naturalize or just repeatedly escape cultivation.


Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Hippocastaneae — Aesculus sect. Aesculus
Genus Aesculussect. Aesculus Horse chestnut N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT

Horse chestnut Introduced from
 S.E. Europe,
Potentially invasive,
CP-5[1],
WW

NYFA: X

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  1. Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)
Aesculus sect. Pavia[edit | edit source]
Aesculus glabra
Ohio buckeye
Species in Aesculus sect. Pavia found in New York were introduced from elsewhere in North America and are generally known as buckeyes.
Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Hippocastaneae — Aesculus sect. Pavia
Genus Aesculussect. Pavia Buckeye N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Willd.
 var. glabra

Ohio buckeye Introduced from
 US Midwest,
N. America native,
Unknown naturalization

NYFA: X
NYFA: 11 counties
? counties

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 Sol.

1778. Aesculus flava Sol.
1785. Aesculus octandra Marshall
Yellow buckeye,
Sweet buckeye,
Big buckeye
Marronnier jaune
Introduced from
 US South,
N. America native,
Naturalized

Perennial,
Shrub-tree
Madison (2020)
NYFA: nn

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 Walter

1788. Aesculus parviflora Walter
    
Bottlebrush buckeye
Pavier blanc
N. America native
 US South,
Not naturalized,
Cultivated

Perennial,
Shrub-tree

NYFA: Xm
NYFA: Rensselaer (2000)
iNat
8 counties

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 L.

1753. Aesculus pavia L.
Red buckeye
Pavier rouge
N. America native
 US South,
No specimens,
Cultivated

NYFA: 0
NYFA: not listed
5 counties

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Aesculus sect. Aesculus × Pavia[edit | edit source]
Aesculus × carnea
The commonly-planted hybrid of the European horse-chestnut and North American red buckeye (Aesculus × carnea) is known as red horse-chestnut.
Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Hippocastaneae — Aesculus sect. Aesculus × Pavia
Genus Aesculussect. Aesculus × Pavia Cross-sect. hybrid N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 J.Zeyh.

Aesculus hippocastanum ×
Aesculus pavia

1818. Aesculus × carnea J.Zeyh.
1822. Aesculus × carnea Hayne
1822. Aesculus × rubicunda Loisel.
1892. Aesculus floribunda Hort. ex Dippel
1892. Aesculus × floribunda Dippel
Red horse-chestnut
Red horsechestnut

Hybrid of
 horse chestnut &
 red buckeye

Introduced,
No specimens,
Cultivated

Perennial,
Tree

NYFA: not listed
iNat
GBIF
11 counties

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WFO
POWO
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Subfamily Sapindoideae[edit | edit source]

Sapindoideae

Tribe Koelreuterieae[edit | edit source]

Koelreuteria[edit | edit source]
Koelreuteria paniculata
The Asian genus Koelreuteria contains only three accepted species worldwide. Although all of them have been found to have naturalized to some extent in North America, only Koelreuteria paniculata (golden raintree) is believed to have naturalized as far north as New York.
Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Sapindoideae — Koelreuterieae — Koelreuteria
Genus Koelreuteria Koelreuteria N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Laxm.

Golden raintree
Golden rain-tree
Goldenrain tree
Pride-of-India
China tree
Introduced from
 eastern Asia,
Highly invasive,
Naturalized
NYFA: 7 counties
NYFA: X

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Tribe Paullinieae[edit | edit source]

Cardiospermum[edit | edit source]
Cardiospermum halicacabum
balloon vine, heartseed
Cardiospermum is a small genus of primarily tropical and subtropical herbaceous vines. C. halicacabum (balloon vine) is thought to be a neotropical native but has been cultivated as an ornamental as far north as New York State. Presumed garden escapes were collected in Queens and Warren counties around 1900, but the species is not thought to have naturalized in the state. Balloon vine is considered to be a noxious weed in more southern states, as far north as Missouri and Delaware, so it may be of concern in New York at some point.
Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Sapindoideae — Paullinieae — Cardiospermum
Genus Cardiospermum Balloonvine N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Cardiospermum halicacabum L.
Balloon vine,
Heartseed,
Heart-pea,
Love in a puff
Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
Not naturalized,
Noxious US South

NYFA: X
NYFA: 2 counties
New York (2021)

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Family Simaroubaceae[edit | edit source]

The Simaroubaceae (quassia family) is represented by a single species persisting outside of cultivation in New York.

Ailanthus[edit | edit source]

Ailanthus altissima
tree-of-heaven
Ailanthus contains probably no more that ten species, which are native to various parts of Asia and Australasia.

Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is a successful urban tree that was introduced to North America from China as early as 1751. It is now considered to be highly invasive in New York State and elsewhere outside its native range.


Sapindales — Simaroubaceae — Ailantheae — Ailanthus
Genus AilanthusDesf. Ailanthus N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Mill.) Swingle (1916)

Ailanthus glandulosa Desf.
Tree-of-heaven,
Chinese sumac,
Varnish-tree,
Copa-tree
Vernis de la Chine
Introduced from
 temperate China,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS: 68%[1],
iMapInvasives,
CP-2[2] NE-1[3]

NYFA: X

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  1. New York non-native plant invasiveness assessmentAilanthus altissima: Moderate (68).
  2. Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)
  3. Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Family Rutaceae[edit | edit source]

The Rutaceae (rue or citrus family) ...

Subfamily Rutoideae[edit | edit source]

Ruta[edit | edit source]

Ruta graveolens
Rue (Ruta graveolens) is cultivated as a ornamental, culinary, and medicinal herb. There seems to be no real evidence that it has naturalized in New York State.
Sapindales — Rutaceae — Rutoideae — Ruta
Genus Ruta Rue N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Ruta graveolens L.
1770. Ruta hortensis Mill.
Rue,
Common rue,
Garden rue,
Herb-of-grace
Rue des jardins,
Rue officinale,
Rue fétide
Introduced from
 Europe,
Not naturalized

NYFA: X
NYFA: 3 counties
6 counties

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Subfamily Toddalioideae[edit | edit source]

The foliage of the two New York native members of this subfamily, prickly-ash (Zanthoxylum americanum) and wafer-ash (Ptelea trifoliata), are important food for giant swallowtail (Papilio cresphontes) caterpillars.

Zanthoxylum[edit | edit source]

Zanthoxylum americanum
prickly ash

Sapindales — Rutaceae — Toddalioideae — Zanthoxylum
Genus Zanthoxylum Pricklyash N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Mill.

1768. Zanthoxylum americanum Mill.
1806. Zanthoxylum fraxinifolium Willd.
1830. Thylax fraxineum Raf.
Northern prickly-ash,
Common prickly-ash,
Toothachetree
Clavalier d'Amérique,
Frêne épineux
Native,
Secure

NYFA: 5

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Ptelea[edit | edit source]

Ptelea trifoliata
wafer ash
In New York State, the hoptree or wafer-ash is considered to be native near the shores of Lake Erie and western Lake Ontario. Elsewhere in the state, naturalized populations are probably escapes from cultivation.
Sapindales — Rutaceae — Toddalioideae — Ptelea
Genus Ptelea Hoptree N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
ssp. trifoliata

1753. Ptelea trifoliata L.
1838. Ptelea baldwinii Torr. & A.Gray
2001. Ptelea trifoliata  var. baldwinii  D.B.Ward
Common hoptree,
Wafer-ash,
Stinking ash,
Three-leaved hop tree
Ptéléa trifolié,
Orme de Samarie
Native, CoC: 8,
Endangered

FAC-FACU

Perennial,
Tree,
Sun-shade

NYFA: 1-2

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Phellodendron[edit | edit source]

Phellodendron amurense
The genus Phellodendron (cork trees) contains the two northeast Asian species Phellodendron amurense (Amur cork tree) and Phellodendron chinense. Amur cork tree is listed as invasive in much of the northeast, including New York.
Sapindales — Rutaceae — Toddalioideae — Phellodendron
Genus Phellodendron Corktree N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Rupr.

1857. Phellodendron amurense Rupr.
1871. Phellodendron japonicum Maxim.
1905. Phellodendron sachalinense Sarg.
1909. Phellodendron lavallei Dode
Amur corktree,
Chinese corktree
Phellodendron de l'Amour,
Arbre liège de Chine,
Phellodendron de Sibérie
Introduced from
 temperate Asia,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS: 75%[1],
Prohibited[2],
NYS Tier 4[3]

NYFA: X

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Dictamnus[edit | edit source]

The gasplant gets its name from the volatile citrus-scented oil produced by its leaves.

Sapindales — Rutaceae — Toddalioideae — Dictamnus
Genus Dictamnus Dictamnus N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Dictamnus albus L.
1805. Dictamnus fraxinellus Pers.
1840. Dictamnus fraxinellusvar. caucasicus
Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
1932. Dictamnus caucasicus Grossh.
Gasplant,
Dittany,
Burningbush
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Not naturalized

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: X

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Family Meliaceae[edit | edit source]

The Meliaceae (mahogany family)...

Subfamily Melioideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Melieae[edit | edit source]

Melia[edit | edit source]
Melia azedarach
The 1995 USFS - New York City Tree Census reported 13 occurrences of Melia azedarach in Kings County and 2 in Queens County.[1] Most of these seem to have been planted as street trees along Fort Hamilton Parkway in Brooklyn.[2] The 2015 Street Tree Census showed no Chinaberry trees in New York City.[3]
Sapindales — Meliacea — Melioideae — Melieae
Genus Melia Melia N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT

Chinaberry tree
Bead Tree
China Ball Tree
Paradise Tree
Persian Lilac
White Cedar
Japanese Bead Tree
Texas Umbrella Tree
Pride-of-India
Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [1],
No NY specimens,
FEIS

NYFA-Excluded
NYFA: Excluded
iNat
GBIF
Queens (2019)

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