Flora of New York/Nymphaeales…Piperales
← Pinales |
Flora of New York — Nymphaeales, Magnoliales, Laurales, Piperales | → Acorales & Alismatales |
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Table of contents |
Genus index |
Protected species index | Invasive species index | ||
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This page is the start of the angiosperms or flowering plants, which comprise the bulk of this guide. It starts with the order Nymphaeales and continues with the three orders of the Magnoliidae that are found in New York.
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Order Nymphaeales[edit]
The order Nymphaeales contains the aquatic flowering plant families Hydatellaceae, Cabombaceae, and Nymphaeaceae. Only the latter two have taxa found outside of cultivation in New York. Aside from Amborella, a shrub endemic to New Caledonia, the Nymphaeales are considered to be the oldest lineage of angiosperms. Most estimates put the age of the Nymphaeales at well over 100 million years.[1]
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Family Cabombaceae[edit]
Two Cabombaceae (water-shield family) species are found in New York. One, Cabomba caroliniana, is rare in most of the state but has the potential to be a highly invasive exotic plant.
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Brasenia[edit]
The only extant species of Brasenia (B. schreberi) is native to New York, as well as much of the rest of the world.
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Brasenia | Brasenia | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 1 |
J.F.Gmel.
1791. Brasenia schreberi J.F.Gmel.
1803. Hydropeltis purpurea Michx.
1814. Brasenia peltata Pursh
1862. Cabomba peltata F.Muell. nom. illeg.
1890. Brasenia purpurea Casp.
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Water-shield, Watershield, Schreber's watershield, Purple wen-dock, Water-target Brasénie de Schreber |
Native, C:8, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS FNA Trop. BNA LBJ Images, wsp |
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Cabomba[edit]
Although native to the southeastern United States, Cabomba caroliniana (Carolina fanwort) is considered to be an alien invasive plant in the Northwest and Northeast, including New York, where it is listed as highly invasive.
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Cabomba | Fanwort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 1 |
A.Gray
1821. Cabomba aquatica DC.
1830. C. pinnata (Pursh) Schult.& Schult.f.
1837. C. caroliniana A.Gray
1841. Nectris caroliniana (A. Gray) Steud.
1880. C. australis Speg.
1903. C. caroliniana var. pulcherrima
1953. C. pulcherrima (R.M.Harper) Fassett
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Fanwort, Carolina fanwort, Purple fanwort, Carolina watershield, Green cabomba Cabomba de Caroline |
Introduced from southeast US, South America, Highly invasive, NYIS: 72%[1], Prohibited[2] |
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NYFA-X USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp |
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Family Nymphaeaceae[edit]
Six Nymphaeaceae (water-lily family) taxa in two genera are found in New York. All are native to the region and appear to be fairly secure.
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Subfamily Nupharoideae[edit]
Nuphar[edit]
Nuphar Sm. sect. Astylus | Pond-lily | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 4 |
Durand
1956. Nuphar lutea ssp. variegata
1866. Nuphar variegata Durand
1912. Nymphaea fraterna
G.S.Mill.& Standl.
1912. Nymphaea americana
G.S.Mill.& Standl.
1931. Nuphar fraterna
(G.S.Mill. & Standl.) Standl.
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Common yellow pond-lily, Common spatter-dock, Common cow-lily, Variegated yellow pond-lily, Northern yellow pond-lily, Bullhead yellow pond-lily Grand nénuphar jaune |
Native, C:3, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW ARS FNA BNA Images, wsp |
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(Aiton) W.T.Aiton
ssp. advena
Nuphar lutea ssp. advena
Nymphaea advena Aiton
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Broad-leaved yellow pond-lily, Immigrant pond-lily, Broad-leaved yellow cow-lily, Broad-leaved spatterdock, Broad-leaved bull-head lily Nénuphar à feuilles émergentes, Nénutar à feuilles émergentes |
Native, C:4, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can BNA Images, wsp |
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Nuphar Sm. sect. Nuphar | Pond-lily | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 4 |
(Pers.) Fernald
Nuphar pumila (Timm) DC.
Nuphar lutea ssp. pumila
Nuphar microphylla
(Pers.) Fernald
Nuphar minima (Willd.) Sm.
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Small yellow pond-lily, Small yellow cow-lily, Dwarf spatterdock |
Native, C:10, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW BNA Images, wsp |
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Nuphar microphylla ×
Nuphar variegata 1886. Nuphar rubrodisca Morong
1994. Nuphar lutea ssp. rubrodisca
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Red-disked yellow pond-lily, Red-disked spatter-dock, Peck's yellow pond-lily, Hybrid of small yellow pond-lily & common yellow pond-lily |
Native, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
NYFA-3-5 USDA-NN NEW ARS BNA Images, wsp |
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Nuphar Sm. (excluded species) | Pond-lily | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | X |
Nuphar polysepala × variegata
Nuphar polysepala ×
Nuphar variegata |
Hybrid of small yellow pond-lily & common yellow pond-lily |
N. America native, N.Y. excluded |
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NYFA-XCLD Images, wsp |
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Subfamily Nymphaeoideae[edit]
Nymphaea[edit]
Nymphaea | Waterlily | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 2 |
ssp. odorata
1789. Nymphaea odorata Aiton
1806. Castalia odorata (Aiton) Wood
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White water-lily, American white water-lily, Fragrant water-lily, Sweet-scented white water-lily, Pond-lily, Great white water-lily Nymphéa odorant |
Native, C:4, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-5 USDA-N Can ARS Images, wsp |
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Aiton
ssp. tuberosa (Paine) Wiersma & Hellq.
1865. Nymphaea tuberosa Paine
1888. Castalia tuberosa (Paine) Greene
1966. Nymphaea odorata var. maxima
1994. Nymphaea odorata ssp. tuberosa
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Tuberous white water-lily, Large white water-lily, American white waterlily Nymphéa tubéreux, Lis d'eau, Nénuphar blanc, Nymphée tubéreuse |
Native, C:5, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-5? USDA-N Can ARS Images, wsp |
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Order Magnoliales[edit]
The order Magnoliales Bromhead ...
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Family Magnoliaceae[edit]
The Magnoliaceae (magnolia family) has traditionally been separated into the two subfamilies Magnolioideae and Liriodendroideae. Magnolioideae contained a number of genera including Magnolia s.s., the largest genus. Liriodendroideae contained the single genus Liriodendron. Phylogenetic research has shown Magnolia s.s. to be non-monophyletic. Therefore it was suggested that rather than breaking Magnolia into numerous new genera, all other genera in Magnolioideae would be placed in Magnolia s.l. to create a single monophyletic genus. This leaves the two subfamilies with one genus apiece, making Magnoliaceae subfamilies redundant. So, they are not used here.[1][2]
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Magnolia[edit]
Magnolia subg. Yulania | Magnolia | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 5 |
(L.) L.
1753. Magnolia virginiana var. acuminata L.
1759. Magnolia acuminata (L.) L.
1803. Magnolia cordata Michx.
1886. M. acuminata var. cordata (Michx.) Sarg.
1903. Tulipastrum cordatum (Michx.) Small
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Cucumber tree, Cucumber magnolia, Mountain magnolia, Blue magnolia Magnolia acuminé |
Native, C:7, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree |
NYFA-5 USDA-N NEW Can ARS Trop. BNA Images, wsp |
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DC.
1817. Magnolia kobus DC.
1908. M. kobus var. borealis
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Kobus magnolia | Introduced from temperate Asia, No specimens |
NYMFP-X USDA-X0 ARS Images, wsp |
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Magnolia subg. Magnolia | Magnolia | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 5 |
L.
var. virginiana
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Sweet-bay, Northern sweet-bay, Swamp-bay, Magnolia-bay, Laurel-magnolia, Beaver-tree Laurier doux |
Native, C:9, Endangered, NYNHP: 1[1] FACW Perennial, Tree, shrub |
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NYFA-1 USDA-N0 NEW ARS BNA Images, wsp |
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Umbrella-tree, Umbrella magnolia |
Introduced, US South native FACU |
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NYFA-X USDA-N0 NEW BNA Images, wsp |
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Walter
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Fraser magnolia, Mountain magnolia |
Introduced, US South native FACU |
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NYFA-X USDA-N0 BNA Images, wsp |
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Michx.
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Big-leaved magnolia, Cowcumber magnolia |
Introduced, US South native |
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NYFA-X USDA-N0 BNA Images, wsp |
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Liriodendron[edit]
Liriodendron consists of two species: Liriodendron tulipifera (tulip tree) from eastern North America and Liriodendron chinense from southeast Asia.
The lumber of the tulip tree has similar properties to poplar (Populus) species, so it is often marketed as "tulip poplar" or "yellow poplar," even though tulip and poplar trees are not closely related. |
Liriodendron | Tulip tree | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 1 |
L.
1753. Liriodendron tulipifera L.
1903. L. tulipifera fo. aureomarginatum
1903. L. tulipifera fo. integrifolium
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Tuliptree, Tulip tree, American tuliptree, Tulip poplar, Yellow poplar Bois jaune |
Native, C:6, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree, Sun - shade |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW ARS ITIS BNA LBJ Images, wsp |
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Family Annonaceae[edit]
The Annonaceae (custard apple family) is the largest family of the Magnoliales, but contains primarily tropical plants. Only one of its more than 2000 species has been discovered growing outside of cultivation in New York.
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Subfamily Annonoideae[edit]
Asimina[edit]
Asimina or pawpaw is a genus of small trees or shrubs that are native to eastern North America. Of these, only the most common species (Asimina triloba) is thought to be native as far north as New York. Though its native range only reaches into the western part of the state, common pawpaw trees can persist where cultivated in other parts of the state and may naturalize in clonal thickets. Pawpaw is considered to be the largest edible native North American fruit (in the culinary sense).[1]
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Asimina | Pawpaw | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 1 |
(L.) Dunal
1753. Annona triloba L.
1796. Annona pendula Salisbury
1803. Orchidocarpum arietinum Michx.
1806. Porcelia triloba (L.) Pers.
1817. Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal
1838. Uvaria triloba (L.) Torr.& A.Gray
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Pawpaw, Common pawpaw, Dog banana, Indian banana, Kentucky banana, American custard apple Asiminier trilobé, Asiminier |
Native, C:5, Threatened FAC Perennial, Tree, shrub, Sun - shade |
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NYFA-2 USDA-N Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA IPN LBJ Images, wsp |
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Order Laurales[edit]
Family Calycanthaceae[edit]
The Calycanthaceae (strawberry-shrub or sweet-shrub family) contains only three small genera worldwide, only one of which is native to North America.
Calycanthus[edit]
Calycanthus (sweet-shrub) is endemic to North America and contains about two to four species. Of these, only Calycanthus floridus is found outside of cultivation in New York, but it is thought to have been introduced from farther south. Though naturalization in New York is rare, it can become established and persist in wooded understories.
Calycanthus | Sweet-shrub | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 1 |
L.
1759. Calycanthus floridus L.
1788. C. fertilis Walter
1840. C. floridus var. glaucus
1840. C. floridus var. laevigatus
1891. Beurera fertilis (Walter) Kuntze
1894. Butneria florida (L.) Kearney
1894. Butneria fertilis (Walter) Kearney
1894. Buttneria florida (L.) Kearney
1894. Buttneria fertilis (Walter) Kearney
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Sweetshrub, Eastern sweetshrub, Hairy sweetshrub, Smooth sweetshrub, Sweet-shrub, Strawberry bush, Bubby-bush, Spicebush |
Introduced from southeast US, VA to FL, TX to NC, US South native FACU Perennial, Shrub, Part shade |
NYFA-X USDA-N0 NEW ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA LBJ Images, wsp |
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Family Lauraceae[edit]
The Lauraceae (laurel family) contains only two species, spicebush and sasafrass, that are native to the State of New York.
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Tribe Cinnamomeae[edit]
Lindera[edit]
The genus Lindera is primarily native to eastern Asia. Of its nearly 100 species, only three (northern, southern, and bog spicebush) are native to eastern North America. And of those three species, only northern spicebush (Lindera benzoin), is native as far north as New York.
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Lindera | Spicebush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 1 |
(L.) Blume
1753. Laurus benzoin L.
1831. Benzoin odoriferum
1836. Benzoin aestivale Nees
1851. Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume
1939. L. benzoin var. pubescens
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Spicebush, Northern spicebush, Benzoin-bush, Benjamin-bush, Fever-bush, Wild allspice Benjoin, Laurier faux-benjoin |
Native, C:6, Secure FACW-FAC Perennial, Shrub, Sun - shade |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA IPN LBJ MBG Images, wsp |
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Sassafras[edit]
Sassafras has only three extant species. Two are native to eastern Asia, and one, Sassafras albidum, is native to much of eastern North Americam including New York.
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Sassafras | Sassafras | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 1 |
(Nutt.) Nees
1753. Laurus sassafras L.
1818. Laurus albida Nutt.
1831. Sassafras officinale Nees & C.H.Eberm.
1836. Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees
1891. Sassafras variifolium Kuntze
1936. S. albidum var. molle (Raf.) Fernald
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Sassafras, White sassafras, Silky sassafras, Ague tree, Mitten tree Sassafras officinal, Gombo filé |
Native, C:4, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree, shrub, Sun - shade |
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NYFA-N USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA IPN LBJ Images, wsp |
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Persea[edit]
A specimen of the avocado plant (Persea americana) was collected from a composte pile in Orange County in 1996. As this subtropical species would not be able to naturalize in New York, placing it in the New York Flora was probably an error.
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Persea | Bay | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 1 |
Mill.
1753. Laurus persea L.
1768. Persea americana Mill.
1892. Persea persea (L.) Cockerell
1950. Persea nubigena L.O.Williams
1953. Persea gigantea L.O.Williams
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Avocado
Avocatier |
Introduced from Mexico, Mesoamerica, Venezuela, Impersistent, Composte-pile waif |
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NYFA-Xm USDA-X0 ARS ITIS Images, wsp |
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Persea (excluded species) | Bay | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 1 |
(L.) Spreng.
1753. Laurus borbonia L.
1803. Laurus caroliniensis Michx.
1825. Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.
1836. Persea carolinensis Nees
1838. Tamala borbonia (L.) Raf.
1903. Persea littoralis Small
1913. Tamala littoralis (Small) Small
1922. Borbonia littoralis (Small) House
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Redbay, Shorebay |
N. America native, southeastern U.S., Excluded |
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NYFA-XCLD USDA-N0 ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp |
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Order Piperales[edit]
The order Piperales
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Family Aristolochiaceae[edit]
The Aristolochiaceae (Birthwort family)
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Subfamily Asaroideae[edit]
Asarum[edit]
Although Canada wild ginger has some similarities to Zingiber officinale (true ginger), it is at least somewhat toxic and is not appropriate for use as a food additive.
Asarum | Wild ginger | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 1 |
L.
1753. Asarum canadense L.
1897. A. canadense var. acuminatum
1897. A. reflexum var. ambiguum
1898. A. acuminatum (Ashe) E.P.Bicknell
1898. A. reflexum E.P.Bicknell
1907. A. ambiguum (E.P.Bicknell) Daniels
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Canada wild ginger, Canadian wildginger, Wild ginger, Asarabacca Asaret du Canada, Asaret gingembre, Gingembre sauvage |
Native, C:8, Secure FACU-UPL Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp |
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Hexastylis[edit]
Hexastylis Raf. | Heartleaf | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 0 |
(Britten & Baker f.) Small
var. shuttleworthii
1898. Asarum shuttleworthii Britten & Baker f.
1903. Hexastylis shuttleworthii Small
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Largeflower heartleaf | Introduced, US South native |
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NYFA-U USDA-N0 FNA Images, wsp |
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Subfamily Aristolochioideae[edit]
Endodeca[edit]
Endodeca Raf. | Snakeroot | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 1 |
(L.) Raf.
1753. Aristolochia serpentaria L.
1818. Aristolochia hastata Nutt.
1828. Endodeca serpentaria (L.) Raf.
1836. Pistolochia serpentaria (L.) Raf.
1894. Aristolochia nashii Kearney
1897. Aristolochia convolvulacea Small
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Virginia snakeroot, Virginia serpentary, Virginia dutchmanspipe, Snakeroot, Serpentary |
Native, C:8, Endangered, NYNHP: 1[1] UPL Perennial, Herb-forb, Shade |
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NYFA-2 USDA-N0 NEW ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA IPN LBJ Images, wsp Note: [2] |
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Isotrema[edit]
Isotrema Raf. | Pipevine | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 1 |
(Lam.) C.F. Reed
1783. Aristolochia macrophylla Lam.
1822. Hocquartia macrophylla Dumort.
1965. Isotrema macrophyllum
(Lam.) C.F.Reed
auct. Aristolochia durior non. Hill
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Dutchman's-pipe, Largeleaf dutchman's-pipe, Pipevine Aristoloche à grandes feuilles |
Introduced from PA to GA, US South native |
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NYFA-X USDA-N NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA NSE BNA Images, wsp Note: [1] |
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(Sims) H.Huber
1811. Aristolochia tomentosa Sims
1960. Isotrema tomentosum H.Huber
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Woolly Dutchman's-pipe, Wooly pipevine, Common Dutchman's-pipe |
Introduced, US South native, Impersistent FAC |
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NYFA-Xm USDA-N0 NEW ARS ITIS FNA NSE BNA Images, wsp Note: [1] |
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Aristolochia[edit]
Members of the genus Aristolochia, Aristolochia clematitis in paricular, have been used as medicinal plants since ancient times, but have been shown to be both carcinogenic and toxic to the kidneys.
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Aristolochia | Birthwort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 1 |
L.
1753. Aristolochia clematitis L.
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Birthwort, Creeping birthwort, Heartwort, Asarabacca[2] Aristoloche clématite, Sarrasine |
Introduced from Eurasia, Naturalized[1] Perennial, Herb-vine |
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NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp |
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Family Saururaceae[edit]
The Saururaceae (lizard's tail family) world-wide contains only about seven species in four genera. Two of these plants are native to North America, and one is native to New York. The other North American family member (Anemopsis californica) is a southwestern native.
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Saururus[edit]
The genus Saururus contains only the two lizard's tail plants Saururus cernuus (native to eastern North America) and Saururus chinensis (native to eastern Asia). Only the North American plant has been found outside of cultivation in North America.
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Saururus | Lizard's tail | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 1 |
L.
1753. Saururus cernuus L.
non Thunb. 1784
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Lizard's tail, Water-dragon, Swamp root, Swamp lily Saurure penché, Lézardelle penchée, Saurure penchée |
Native, C:6, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA IPN LBJ Images, wsp |
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← Pinales |
Flora of New York — Nymphaeales, Magnoliales, Laurales, Piperales | → Acorales & Alismatales |
|||
Table of contents |
Genus index |
Protected species index | Invasive species index | ||
|