Flora of New York/Proteales…Saxifragales

← Ranunculales	Flora of New York — Proteales, Buxales, Saxifragales				→ Vitales, Zygophyllales, Celastrales, Oxalidales
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The order Saxifragales is the basal clade of the superrosids, indicating that Saxifragales is the sister to the rosids.

Clade	Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genus	Common names	#
sister to rosids	Saxifragales	Paeoniaceae	−	−	Paeonia	peony	1
		Altingiaceae	−	−	Liquidambar	sweetgum	1
		Hamamelidaceae	Hamamelidoideae	Hamamelideae	Hamamelis	witchhazel	1
		Cercidiphyllaceae	−	−	Cercidiphyllum	katsura tree	1
		Crassulaceae	Crassuloideae	−	Crassula	pygmyweed	1
			Sempervivoideae	Umbiliceae	Rhodiola	roseroot stonecrop	2
					Hylotelephium	stonecrop	3
					Phedimus	false stonecrop	1
				Semperviveae	Sempervivum	houseleek, hen-and-chickens	1
				Sedeae	Sedum	stonecrop	7
		Haloragaceae	−	Myriophylleae	Myriophyllum	watermilfoil	10
		Haloragaceae	−	Myriophylleae	Proserpinaca	mermaidweed	2
		Penthoraceae	−	−	Penthorum	ditch-stonecrop	1
		Grossulariaceae	−	−	Ribes	currant, gooseberry	12
		Saxifragaceae	Saxifragoideae	Saxifrageae	Saxifraga	saxifrage	5
			Heucheroideae	Chrysosplenieae	Chrysosplenium	golden saxifrage	1
				Heuchereae	Tiarella	foamflower	1
					Mitella	miterwort	3
					Heuchera	alumroot	2
					Astilbe	florist's spiraea	1

Order Proteales[edit | edit source]

The order Proteales contains the lotus (Nelumbonaceae) and sycamore (Platanaceae) families, each of which has a single species known to be native or naturalized in New York.

Family Nelumbonaceae[edit | edit source]

The Nelumbonaceae (lotus family) has two species of aquatic plants found in New York.

Nelumbo[edit | edit source]

Nelumbo lutea, Sodus Bay, Homer D. House, State Botanist, 1916

Nelumbo lutea (American lotus) is a North American native that was probably introduced to New York from further south prior to widespread European settlement. Early botanists considered Nelumbo lutea to be native to the area around Sodus Bay, but it may have been cultivated there by Native Americans using plants brought from the South. It is now extirpated from that area, but naturalized pants persist elsewhere in the state.

Nelumbo nucifera (sacred lotus) is from tropical Asia and has been excluded from the New York Flora Atlas. It is likely to be cultivated and would be considered invasive if allowed to naturalize.

Proteales — Nelumbonaceae — Nelumbo
Nelumbo	Lotus	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Nelumbo lutea Willd. 1788. Nymphaea pentapetala Walter rej. 1799. Nelumbo pentapetala Willd rej. 1799. Nelumbium luteum Willd. 1799. Nelumbo lutea Willd. 1996. Nelumbo nucifera ssp. lutea Borsch & Barthlott	American lotus, Great yellow water-lily, Water-chinquapin, Yellow lotus	Introduced, N. America native, Rare			NYFA-X USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Nelumbo (excluded taxa)	Lotus	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. 1753. Nymphaea nelumbo L. 1788. Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. 1799. Nelumbo speciosa Willd. 1799. Nelumbium speciosum Willd.	East Indian lotus, Oriental lotus, Pink lotus, Sacred bean, Sacred lotus	Introduced from tropical Asia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 64%^[1], Excluded^[2]			NYFA-XCLD USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Nelumbo nucifera: invasive (64). ↑ Nelumbo nucifera is likely to become invasive if introduced on Long Island.[1]

Family Platanaceae[edit | edit source]

The Platanaceae (sycamore family) is represented in New York by the native American Sycamore and the London plane tree, which is probably a hybrid of the American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) and the Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis) from Eurasia.^[1] Although widely planted as a street tree, the London plane tree is not known to naturalize extensively in New York.

↑ "London Planes and American Sycamores." Growing History, The Philadelphia Historic Plants Consortium. Posted on March 13, 2012 by David H.

Platanus[edit | edit source]

Sycamore is a common wetland and riparian tree and is among the largest of the eastern deciduous trees. Sycamores are among the fastest-growing trees in the region and reach the largest diameter of any North American hardwood.^[1] The New York State Champion sycamore tree was reported in Dutchess County in 2011 at 117 feet tall, with a circumfrence of 27 feet.^[2]

Proteales — Platanaceae — Platanus
Platanus	Sycamore	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Platanus occidentalis L. 1753. Platanus occidentalis L. 1901. P. glabrata Fernald 1919. P. occidentalis var. glabrata 1919. P. occidentalis var. attenuata	Eastern sycamore American sycamore American plane-tree Buttonwood tree Buttonball tree Platane occidental, Platane d'Amérique, Platane d'Occident	Native, CoC: 6, Secure FACW-FAC Perennial, Tree			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos LBJ FEIS Images Wikispecies
Platanus (excluded taxa)	Sycamore	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Platanus × hispanica Mill. ex Münchh Platanus occidentalis × Platanus orientalis 1770. P. hispanica Mill. ex Münchh. 1789. P. orientalis var. acerifolia 1804. P. hybridus Brot. 1805. P. acerifolia (Aiton) Willd. 1919. P. acerifolia var. hispanica	London planetree, Maple-leaved plane-tree, London sycamore, Hybrid of American sycamore & Oriental planetree Platane à feuilles d'érable, Hybride de platane occidental et de platane oriental	Introduced, N.Y. excluded, Cultivated only			NYFA-XCLD USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Order Buxales[edit | edit source]

The order Buxales...

Family Buxaceae[edit | edit source]

The Buxaceae (box family)

Subfamily Buxoideae[edit | edit source]

Buxus[edit | edit source]

Buxus sempervirens

Buxales — Buxaceae — Buxoideae — Buxus
Buxus	Boxwood	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Buxus sempervirens L. 1753. Buxus sempervirens L. 1785. Buxus myrtifolia Lam. 1947. Buxus colchica Pojark. 1947. Buxus hyrcana Pojark.	Common boxwood, Common box	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Unknown naturalization, SNA, GNR Perennial, Tree, shrub		Orange (1993), Queens (1986), Suffolk	NYFA-X USDA-X ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe IPN Images Wikispecies

Subfamily Pachysandroideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Pachysandreae[edit | edit source]

Pachysandra[edit | edit source]

Pachysandra terminalis - Japanese pachysandra

Japanese pachysandra is widely planted as a ground-cover and tends to persist, spreading vegetatively to adjacent wooded areas, where it can be difficult to remove. Allegheny pachysandra is planted as a "native" substitute, and is probably unlikely to naturalize as far north as New York State.^[1]

↑ New York Metropolitan Flora Project, 02/07/2012 considers reports of naturalized Pachysandra procumbens to have been based on planted specimens.

Buxales — Buxaceae — Pachysandroideae — Pachysandreae — Pachysandra
Pachysandra	Pachysandra	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Pachysandra procumbens Michx. 1803. Pachysandra procumbens Michx.	Allegheny pachysandra, Allegheny spurge	Introduced from southern US, US South native, NYS Tier buffer, No specimens^[1], SNA Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-0 USDA-N NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Pachysandra terminalis Siebold & Zucc. 1845. Pachysandra terminalis Siebold & Zucc.	Japanese pachysandra, Japanese spurge	Introduced from China & Japan, Highly invasive, NYS Tier 3, WW		8 counties	NYFA-X USDA-X ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
↑ Long Island Botanical Society Newsletter (18:2, Spring 2008) reported "two patches in the uplands of Oakland Lake [Queens]." and "…from North Hempstead Township in Nassau County."

Order Saxifragales[edit | edit source]

The order Saxifragales has about 15 families worldwide. Of these, ten are represented in New York.

Family Paeoniaceae[edit | edit source]

The Paeoniaceae (peony family)...

Paeonia[edit | edit source]

Saxifragales — Paeoniaceae — Paeonia
Paeonia	Peony	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Paeonia lactiflora Pall. 1776. Paeonia lactiflora Pall. 1788. Paeonia albiflora Pall. 18??. Paeonia sinensis hort. ex Steud. 1870. Paeonia chinensis hort. ex E.Vilm.	Garden peony Chinese peony	Introduced from temperate Asia, Rarely spreads			NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe IPN Images Wikispecies

Family Altingiaceae[edit | edit source]

The Altingiaceae (sweetgum family) contains only about fifteen species and its segregation from Hamamelidaceae has only recently been widely accepted. One of its three genera (Semiliquidambar) may comprise intergeneric hybrids of the other two (Altingia and Liquidambar), so revisions within this family may be forthcoming.

Liquidambar[edit | edit source]

Liquidambar styraciflua is the only North American species of Liquidambar, or sweetgum. It is most common in the forests of the southeastern United States, but its native range appears to extend as far north as southeastern New York State. It is cultivated elsewhere in the state and seems to be able to naturalize in some upstate locations.

Saxifragales — Altingiaceae — Liquidambar
Liquidambar	Sweet gum	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Liquidambar styraciflua L. 1753. Liquidambar styraciflua L. 1796. Liquidambar gummifera Salisb. 1812. Liquidambar barbata Stokes 1863. Liquidambar macrophylla Oerst. 1863. L. styraciflua var. mexicana Oerst.	Sweetgum, American sweetgum, American sweet-gum, Redgum, American storax	Native, CoC: 6, Secure Perennial, Tree			NYFA-5 USDA-N0 Go Botany VASCAN-0 ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP FEIS Images Wikispecies

Family Hamamelidaceae[edit | edit source]

The Hamamelidaceae...

Subfamily Hamamelidoideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Hamamelideae[edit | edit source]

Hamamelis[edit | edit source]

Saxifragales — Hamamelidaceae — Hamamelidoideae — Hamamelideae — Hamamelis
Hamamelis	Witchhazel	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hamamelis virginiana L. 1753. Hamamelis virginiana L. 1788. Hamamelis androgyna Walter 1788. Hamamelis dioica Walter 1814. Hamamelis macrophylla Pursh 1836. Trilopus virginica (L.) Raf.	American witch-hazel, Common witch-hazel, Witch-hazel Café du diable, Hamémelis de Virginie	Native, CoC: 7, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Hamamelis (excluded taxa)	Witchhazel	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hamamelis vernalis Sarg. 1908. Hamamelis vernalis Sarg. 1932. H. vernalis var. tomentella 2007. H. virginiana ssp. vernalis	Ozark witchhazel, Ozark witch-hazel, Vernal witch-hazel	Introduced from southern US, N. America native, Cultivated, Not naturalized Perennial, Shrub, tree			NYFA-0 USDA-N0 Go Botany-0 VASCAN-0 ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies

Tribe Corylopsideae[edit | edit source]

Corylopsis[edit | edit source]

There are a number of species of winterhazel (Corylopsis) that are hardy in New York and planted as early-blooming shrubs. None of them have been reported to naturalize in the state, according to the New York Flora Atlas.

Saxifragales — Hamamelidaceae — Hamamelidoideae — Corylopsideae — Corylopsis
Corylopsis	Winter hazel	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Corylopsis sinensis Hemsl. 1906. Corylopsis sinensis Hemsl.	Chinese winterhazel	Introduced from Asia, Cultivated, Not naturalized			NYFA-0 USDA-00 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Corylopsis spicata	Spike winterhazel	Introduced from Asia, Cultivated, Not naturalized			NYFA-0 Images Wikispecies
Corylopsis glabrescens	Fragrant winterhazel	Introduced from Asia, Cultivated, Not naturalized			NYFA-0 Images Wikispecies
Corylopsis pauciflora	Buttercup winterhazel	Introduced from Asia, Cultivated, Not naturalized			NYFA-0 Images Wikispecies

Tribe Fothergilleae[edit | edit source]

Fothergilla[edit | edit source]

Saxifragales — Hamamelidaceae — Hamamelidoideae — Fothergilleae — Fothergilla
Fothergilla	Witch-alder	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Fothergilla gardenii L. 1774. Fothergilla gardenii L. 1782. Fothergilla alnifolia L.f. 1894. Fothergilla carolina Britton 1903. Fothergilla parvifolia Kearney	Dwarf witchalder	Introduced, US South native, No NY reports Perennial, Shrub			NYFA-0 USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Fothergilla major (Sims) Lodd. 1810. Fothergilla alnifolia var. major Sims 1829. Fothergilla major (Sims) Lodd. 1897. Fothergilla monticola Ashe	Witch-alder, Mountain witchalder	Introduced, US South native, No NY reports Perennial, Shrub			NYFA-0 USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies

Family Cercidiphyllaceae[edit | edit source]

The Cercidiphyllaceae contains only the Asian genus Cercidiphyllum.

Cercidiphyllum[edit | edit source]

Cercidiphyllum contains the two Asian species, C. japonicum and C. magnificum, the first of which, the katsura-tree has been reported outside of cultivation in Kings, Nassau and Queens Counties.

Saxifragales — Cercidiphyllaceae — Cercidiphyllum
Cercidiphyllum	Katsura	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold & Zucc. ex J.J.Hoffm. & J.H.Schult. bis 1846. Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold & Zucc. 1864. C. japonicum J.J.Hoffm. & J.H.Schult. bis 1913. C. japonicum var. sinense Rehder & E.H.Wilson	Katsura-tree, Toffee-apple tree	Introduced from Japan, China, Potentially invasive			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies

Family Crassulaceae[edit | edit source]

The Crassulaceae (orpine family)...

Subfamily Crassuloideae[edit | edit source]

Crassula[edit | edit source]

Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Crassuloideae — Crassula
Crassula	Pygmyweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1 NPT
Crassula aquatica (L.) Schoenl. 1753. Tillaea aquatica L. 1801. Bulliarda aquatica (L.) DC. 1840. Tillaea angustifolia Nutt. 1890. Crassula aquatica (L.) Schoenl. 1903. Tillaeastrum aquaticum (L.) Britton 1920. Hydrophila aquatica (L.) House	Water pigmy-weed, River-leek, Pigmy-weed	Native, Endangered, DEC-A^[1], NYNHP: 1^[2]			NYFA-1 USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Crassula aquatica. Endangered, S1/G5.

Subfamily Sempervivoideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Umbiliceae[edit | edit source]

Rhodiola[edit | edit source]

In New York, Rhodiola consists of two taxa of endangered plants.

Rhodiola integrifolia ssp. leedyi is an isolated subspecies of a common western cliff-stonecrop species (transferred from Sedum integrifolium in 1999). It has been found mainly on northwest-to-northeast-facing cliffs in southeastern Minnesota and near the southern part of Seneca Lake. It was discovered at Watkins Glen State Park in Schuyler County in 1918. The largest known population (at least 6000 plants) was discovered that same year, along about 2 miles of Glenora Cliff, on the western shore of Seneca Lake, in Yates County. It wasn't until 1994 that a third New York population was found near Glenora Falls, also in Yates County.^[1]^[2]

Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Sempervivoideae — Umbiliceae — Rhodiola
Rhodiola	Stonecrop	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Rhodiola rosea L. 1753. Rhodiola rosea L. 1771. Sedum rosea (L.) Scop. 1903. Sedum roanense Britton 1903. Rhodiola roanensis Britton 1930. Sedum rosea var. roanense 1973. Rhodiola rosea ssp. roanensis	Common roseroot, Roseroot, Roseroot stonecrop	Native, Endangered, DEC-A^[1], NYNHP: 1^[2]			NYFA-1 USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Rhodiola integrifolia Raf. ssp. leedyi (Rosend. & J.W.Moore) H.Ohba 1947. Sedum rosea var. leedyi Rosend. &al. 1975. Sedum integrifolium ssp. leedyi R.T.Clausen 1985. Tolmachevia integrifolia ssp. leedyi Á.Löve & D.Löve 1999. R. integrifolia ssp. leedyi H.Ohba	Leedy's roseroot, Leedy's stonecrop, Rose sedum	Native, Endangered, Federally listed^[3], DEC-A^[1], NYNHP: 1^[4]			NYFA-1 USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Rhodiola (excluded taxa)	Stonecrop	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Rhodiola integrifolia ssp. integrifolia 1832. Rhodiola integrifolia Raf. p.p. Sedum atropurpureum Turcz. R. atropurpurea (Turcz.) Trautv. & C. A. Mey. R. rosea ssp. integrifolia Sedum integrifolium (Raf.) A. Nelson	Ledge stonecrop	N. America native western N. A., N.Y. excluded Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS IPN Images Wikispecies
↑ ^a ^b New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Rhodiola rosea. Endangered, S1/G5. ↑ Rhodiola integrifolia var. leedyi is one of eleven federally-listed endangered or threatened plants found in New York. It is found only in Minnesota and New York. The New York populations consist of a large population on the shores of southern Seneca Lake and a single plant at Watkins Glen, near the south end of that lake. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Rhodiola integrifolia ssp. leedyi . Endangered, S1/G5T1.

Hylotelephium[edit | edit source]

The NYFA now lists Hylotelephium telephioides as not-native to New York, but the DEC (and NYFA) still list it as endangered in New York.

Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Sempervivoideae — Umbiliceae — Hylotelephium
Hylotelephium	Stonecrop	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hylotelephium telephioides (Michx.) H.Ohba	American live-forever, Allegheny stonecrop, Live forever	Introduced from southern U.S., N. America native, Endangered, DEC-A^[1]			NYFA-Z USDA-NX Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies
Hylotelephium telephium (L.) H.Ohba. ssp. telephium 1753. Sedum telephium L. 1821. S. triphyllum (Haw.) Gray 1843. S. purpurascens W.D.J.Koch 1878. S. telephium var. borderi 1909. S. telephium ssp. purpurascens 1961. S. telephium var. purpurascens (i) 1977. H. telephium (L.) H.Ohba.	Eurasian live-forever, Garden stonecrop, Witch's moneybags, Purple orpine, Sedum, Live forever Vit-toujours	Introduced from Eurasia, Naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Hylotelephium erythrostictum (Miq.) H.Ohba	Garden stonecrop, Garden orpine	Introduced, Naturalization unknown			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies
Hylotelephium (excluded taxa)	Stonecrop	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hylotelephium sieboldii (Sweet ex Hooker) H. Ohba Sedum sieboldii Sweet ex Hooker Hylotelephium sieboldii (Sweet ex Hooker) H.Ohba	Stonecrop, October Daphne	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-EXCLD Images Wikispecies
Hylotelephium spectabile (Boreau) H.Ohba	Showy stonecrop, Iceplant	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies
↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.

Phedimus[edit | edit source]

Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Sempervivoideae — Umbiliceae — Phedimus
Phedimus	Phedimus	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Phedimus spurius (M.Bieb.) 't Hart 1808. Sedum spurium M.Bieb. 1815. Sedum oppositifolium Sims 1984. Asterosedum spurium Grulich 1985. Spathulata spuria Á.Löve & D.Löve 1995. Phedimus spurius 't Hart	Caucasian stonecrop, Two-rowed stonecrop	Introduced from temperate Asia, Naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Phedimus (excluded taxa)	Phedimus	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Phedimus stolonifer (J.F.Gmel.) 't Hart 1774. Sedum stoloniferum J.F.Gmel. 1995. Phedimus stolonifer (J.F.Gmel.) 't Hart	Running false stonecrop, Stolon stonecrop	Introduced from northern Iran, eastern Turkey, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-X0 Go Botany ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Tribe Semperviveae[edit | edit source]

Sempervivum[edit | edit source]

Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Sempervivoideae — Semperviveae — Sempervivum
Sempervivum	Houseleek	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sempervivum tectorum L. 1753. Sempervivum tectorum L.	Common houseleek, Hen-and-chickens, Hen-and-chicks Joubarbe des toits	Introduced, N.Y. excluded Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-Xx USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies

Tribe Sedeae[edit | edit source]

Sedum[edit | edit source]

Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Sempervivoideae — Sedeae — Sedum
Sedum	Stonecrop	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sedum ternatum Michx. Clausenellia ternata	Wood stonecrop, Woodland stonecrop	Introduced, US South native, NY nativity unknown			NYFA-X USDA-NX Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Sedum acre L.	Gold-moss, Goldmoss stonecrop	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Sedum album L.	White stonecrop	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Sedum hispanicum L.	Spanish stonecrop	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Sedum kamtschaticum Fisch. & C.A.Mey.	Orange stonecrop	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies
Sedum rupestre L. Petrosedum reflexum (L.) Grulich Sedum reflexum L.	Jenny's stonecrop, Reflexed stonecrop	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Sedum sarmentosum Bunge	Stringy stonecrop	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Sedum ochroleucum Chaix Sedum anopetalum DC.	European stonecrop	Introduced, No specimens			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies

Family Haloragaceae[edit | edit source]

The Haloragaceae (watermilfoil family)...

Tribe Myriophylleae[edit | edit source]

Proserpinaca[edit | edit source]

Saxifragales — Haloragaceae — Myriophylleae — Proserpinaca
Proserpinaca	Mermaidweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Proserpinaca palustris L. var. crebra	Marsh mermaidweed	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Proserpinaca palustris L. var. palustris	Marsh mermaidweed	Native, Especially vulnerable			NYFA-1? USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Proserpinaca pectinata Lam.	Comb-leaved mermaid-weed	Native, Threatened			NYFA-2 USDA-NN Images Wikispecies

Myriophyllum[edit | edit source]

The subgeneric system used here for Myriophyllum is based on Michael L. Moody and Donald H. Les (2010). "Systematics of the Aquatic Angiosperm Genus Myriophyllum (Haloragaceae)." Systematic Botany, Vol. 35, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 2010), pp. 121-139.

The three Myriophyllum species M. spicatum, M. heterophyllum, and M. aquaticum are listed as invasive in New York State.

Myriophyllum subg. Brachytheca[edit | edit source]

Myriophyllum heterophyllum

Although Myriophyllum heterophyllum (variable-leaved water milfoil) is listed as native to New York, in is also listed as very highly invasive.

Saxifragales — Haloragaceae — Myriophylleae — Myriophyllum subg. Brachytheca
Myriophyllum subg. Brachytheca sect. Tessaronia	Water-milfoil	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx. 1803. Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx.	Various-leaved water milfoil, Variable-leaved water-milfoil, Two-leaf water-milfoil, Broad-leaved water-milfoil, Changeleaf parrotfeather	Introduced, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 93.62^[1], also Native, Prohibited, NYIS Tier 4, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Myriophyllum humile (Raf.) Morong	Low water-milfoil	Native, CoC: 8, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Myriophyllum tenellum Bigel.	Slender water-milfoil	Native, CoC: 10, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Myriophyllum farwellii Morong	Farwell's water-milfoil	Native, CoC: 4, Threatened OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-2 USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Myriophyllum pinnatum (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.	Cutleaf watermilfoil, Cut-leaved water-milfoil, Green parrotfeather	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-1 USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Myriophyllum subg. Brachytheca sect. Tessaronia (excluded taxa)	Water-milfoil	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Myriophyllum hippuroides Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray	Western watermilfoil	N. America native western N. Am., N.Y. excluded OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-XCLD Images Wikispecies
↑ Jordan, M.J., G. Moore and T.W. Weldy. 2008. Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY; The Nature Conservancy, Albany, NY.

Myriophyllum subg. Myriophyllum[edit | edit source]

Myriophyllum alterniflorum

Saxifragales — Haloragaceae — Myriophylleae — Myriophyllum subg. Myriophyllum
Myriophyllum subg. Myriophyllum sect. Myriophyllum	Water-milfoil	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Myriophyllum sibiricum Kom. 1914. Myriophyllum sibiricum Kom.	Northern water-milfoil, Shortspike watermilfoil	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Myriophyllum verticillatum L.	Whorled water-milfoil	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC.	Alternate-flowered water-milfoil Alternateflower watermilfoil Alternate water-milfoil	Native, CoC: 10, Threatened, S2, G5, NYNHP: 2^[1] OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 6 counties iNat: St. Lawrence	NYFA-2 USDA-NN iNaturalist Images Wikispecies
Myriophyllum spicatum L. 1753. Myriophyllum spicatum L.	Eurasian water milfoil Eurasian water-milfoil Eurasian watermilfoil Spike water-milfoil	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 94%^[2], NYS Tier 4, Naturalized, SNA, GNR OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 30 counties	NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany iNaturalist ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Myriophyllum subg. Myriophyllum sect. Pectinatum	Water-milfoil	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. 1829. Enydria aquatica Vell. 1830. Myriophyllum brasiliense Cambess. 1973. Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.	Parrot’s feather Parrot-feather Parrot feather watermilfoil Water-feather Brazilian water-milfoil Thread-of-life	Introduced from South America, Highly invasive, NYS Tier 2, SNA, GNR OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 3 counties iNat: 2 counties	NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program (2021). Online Conservation Guide for Myriophyllum alterniflorum. Acc. 2-Sep-2021. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Myriophyllum spicatum: invasive (94). Detail

Family Penthoraceae[edit | edit source]

The Penthoraceae Rydb. ex Britton, nom. cons.^[1]

Penthorum[edit | edit source]

Penthorum sedoides
ditch stonecrop

Penthorm contains the Asian species Penthorum chinense and North American species Penthorum sedoides or ditch stonecrop.

↑ Flora of North America, Vol. 8 Page 44, 148, 230: Penthoraceae Rydberg ex Britton "Cronquist (1981) considered it to be transitional between Crassulaceae and Saxifragaceae. … Molecular studies suggest that the genus is sister to Haloragaceae. … Recent authors often have placed it in the monogeneric Penthoraceae."

Saxifragales — Penthoraceae — Penthorum
Penthorum	Penthorum	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Penthorum sedoides L.	Ditch-stonecrop, Virginia stonecrop, Virginia penthorum Penthorum faux-orpin	Native, CoC: 4, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Family Grossulariaceae[edit | edit source]

The Grossulariaceae (gooseberry family)...

Ribes[edit | edit source]

Ribes can be grouped into the currants, which are generally thornless with small berries, and the gooseberries, which generally have thorns and larger berries.

Ribes subg. Ribes[edit | edit source]

Subgenus Ribes contains the currants.

Saxifragales — Grossulariaceae — Ribes subg. Ribes
Ribes subg. Ribes	Currant	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ribes americanum Mill. 1768. Ribes americanum Mill. 1915. Coreosma americana (Mill.) Nieuwl.	Wild black currant, American black currant, Blank currant Groseillier d'Amérique, Gadellier d’Amérique	Native, CoC: 6, Secure FACW Perennial, Shrub			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Ribes glandulosum Grauer 1784. Ribes glandulosum Grauer 1785. Ribes prostratum L'Hér. 1813. Ribes resinosum Pursh	Skunk currant, Wild currant Gadellier glanduleux	Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACW Perennial, Shrub			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Ribes triste Pall. 1797. Ribes triste Pall. 1856. Ribes rubrum var. propinquum 1907. Ribes triste var. albinervium 1966. Ribes rubrum var. alaskanum	Red currant, Swamp red currant, Wild red currant Gadellier amer	Native, CoC: 8, Secure OBL Perennial, Shrub			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Ribes aureum Pursh var. villosum DC. 1825. Ribes odoratum H.L.Wendl. 1828. Ribes aureum var. villosum DC.	Buffalo currant, Clove currant, Golden currant, Missouri currant Groseillier doré	Introduced, N. America native FACU-FACW Perennial, Shrub			NYFA-X USDA-NX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Ribes rubrum L. 1753. Ribes rubrum L. 1789. Ribes vulgare Lam. 1826. Ribes sylvestre Mert. & W.D.J.Koch 1865. Ribes sativum (Rchb.) Syme	Northern red currant, Red garden currant, Cultivated currant Groseillier rouge	Introduced from Europe, Naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Ribes nigrum L. 1753. Ribes nigrum L. 1929. Ribes cyathiforme Pojark.	Black currant, European black currant, Garden black currant Gadellier noir, Groseillier noir, Cassis, Cassissier	Introduced from Eurasia, Unk naturalization			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies

Ribes subg. Grossularia[edit | edit source]

Subgenus Grossularia contains the gooseberries.

Saxifragales — Grossulariaceae — Ribes subg. Grossularia
Ribes subg. Grossularia	Gooseberry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ribes cynosbati L. 1753 1768. Grossularia cynosbati (L.) Mill. 1901. Ribes huronense Rydb.	Prickly gooseberry, Eastern prickly gooseberry, American gooseberry, Dogbramble, Pasture gooseberry Groseillier des chiens	Native, CoC: 6, Secure FACU Perennial, Shrub, Sun-shade			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA LBJ Images Wikispecies
Ribes hirtellum Michx. 1803 1838. Grossularia hirtella (Michx.) Spach	Smooth gooseberry, Wild gooseberry, Hairystem gooseberry, Wedge-leaf gooseberry Groseillier hérissé	Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACW			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA LBJ Images Wikispecies
Ribes rotundifolium Michx. 1803 1908. Grossularia rotundifolia Coville & Britton	Appalachian gooseberry, Wild gooseberry	Native, CoC: 8, Secure UPL			NYFA-5 USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA LBJ Images Wikispecies
Ribes uva-crispa L. var. sativum DC. 1753. Ribes grossularia L. 1753. Ribes reclinatum L. 1768. Grossularia reclinata (L.) Mill. Ribes uva-crispa ssp. sativum DC. 1830. Ribes uva-crispa ssp. reclinatum Rchb.	European gooseberry, English gooseberry Groseillier épineux, Groseillier deshaies, Groseillier vert	Introduced, Eurasia native, N. Africa native			NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies

Ribes subg. Grossularioides[edit | edit source]

Saxifragales — Grossulariaceae — Ribes subg. Grossularioides
Ribes subg. Grossularioides	Currant / Gooseberry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. 1812 1805. Ribes oxycanthoides var. lacustre 1876. Ribes lacustre var. parvulum 1917. Limnobotrya lacustris (Pers.) Rydb.	Bristly black currant, Bristly black gooseberry, Prickly currant, Swamp gooseberry Gadellier lacustre	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies

Itea[edit | edit source]

Virginia sweetspire is a native of the southeaster U.S., cultivars of which are known to be planted in New York. No reports of naturalization in New York have been found.

Saxifragales — Grossulariaceae — Itea
Itea	sweetspire	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Itea virginica L. 1753. Itea virginica L.	Virginia sweetspire, Tassel-white, Virginia-tea, Virginia-willow	Introduced from US South, Cultivated Perennial, Shrub			NYFA-0 USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies

Family Saxifragaceae[edit | edit source]

The Saxifragaceae (family)...

Subfamily Saxifragoideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Saxifrageae[edit | edit source]

Micranthes[edit | edit source]

Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Saxifragoideae — Saxifrageae — Micranthes
Micranthes	Saxifrage	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Micranthes virginiensis (Michx.) Small 1803. Saxifraga virginiensis Michx. 1847. S. virginiensis var. virginiensis 1903. Micranthes virginiensis Small 1982. Spatularia virginiensis Á.& D.Löve	Virginia saxifrage, Early saxifrage Saxifrage de Virginie	Native, Secure FACU-FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Micranthes pensylvanica L. (Haw.) 1753. Saxifraga pensylvanica L. 1821. Micranthes pensylvanica (L.) Haw. 1870. Saxifraga forbesii Vasey 1923. Saxifraga purpuripetala A.M.Johnson 1925. Micranthes pensylvanica fo. purpuripetala (A.M.Johnson) House 1928. Micranthes pensylvanica var. purpuripetala (A.M.Johnson) Bush	Eastern swamp saxifrage, Swamp saxifrage, Marsh saxifrage, Pennsylvania saxifrage Saxifrage de Pennsylvanie	Native, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-4-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Saxifraga[edit | edit source]

Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Saxifragoideae — Saxifrageae — Saxifraga
Saxifraga	Saxifrage	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Saxifraga aizoides L. 1753. Saxifraga aizoides L. 1821. Leptasea aizoides (L.) Haw. 1836. Evaiezoa aizoides (L.) Raf. 1898. Saxifraga vanbruntiae Small 1905. Leptasea vanbruntiae Small	Yellow mountain saxifrage, Evergreen saxifrage, Golden saxifrage Saxifrage jaune, Saxifrage faux-aïzoon, Saxifrage jaune des montagnes	Native, Threatened			NYFA-2 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies
Saxifraga oppositifolia ssp. oppositifolia	Purple mountain saxifrage	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN FNA Images Wikispecies
Saxifraga paniculata Mill. ssp. paniculata 1768. Saxifraga paniculata Mill. 1778. Saxifraga aizoon Jacq. 1944. Saxifraga aizoon var. neogaea 1968. Saxifraga paniculata ssp. neogaea 1982. Chondrosea paniculata (Mill.) Á.Löve	White mountain saxifrage	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN FNA Images Wikispecies

Subfamily Heucheroideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Chrysosplenieae[edit | edit source]

Chrysosplenium[edit | edit source]

Chrysosplenium americanum

Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Heucheroideae — Chrysosplenieae — Chrysosplenium
Chrysosplenium	Golden saxifrage	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Chrysosplenium americanum	American golden saxifrage	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Tribe Heuchereae[edit | edit source]

Tiarella[edit | edit source]

Tiarella cordifolia L.
heartleaf foamflower

Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Heucheroideae — Heuchereae — Tiarella
Tiarella	Foamflower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Tiarella cordifolia L. 1753. Tiarella cordifolia L. 1903. Tiarella macrophylla Small 1937. Tiarella wherryi Lakela 1937. T. cordifolia var. austrina Lakela 1940. T. cordifolia ssp. collina Wherry	Foamflower, Heartleaf foamflower, Heart-leaved foam-flower, False mitrewort, Coolwort Tiarelle cordifoliée, Tiarelle à feuilles cordées, Tiarelle feuille-en-coeur, Tiarelle	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies

Mitella[edit | edit source]

Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Heucheroideae — Heuchereae — Mitella
Mitella	Miterwort, bishop's cap	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Mitella diphylla	Two-leaved bishop's-cap, Two-leaved miterwort, Coolwort	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Mitella nuda L. Mitella prostrata Michx.	Naked bishop's-cap, Naked miterwort, Creeping bishop's cap	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Mitella × intermedia Mitella diphylla × Mitella nuda	Miterwort, Bishop's-cap	Native, Especially vulnerable			NYFA-1? USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies

Heuchera[edit | edit source]

Heuchera americana

Alumroot

Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Heucheroideae — Heuchereae — Heuchera
Heuchera	Alumroot	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Heuchera americana L. var. americana	American alumroot Heuchère d'Amérique	Native, Vulnerable		Bronx, Dutchess, Kings, Nassau, Orange, Putnam, Queens, Richmond, Rockland, Ulster, Washington, Westchester	NYFA-3 USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Heuchera villosa var. villosa	Hairy alumroot	Introduced, N. America native		Rensselaer	NYFA-X USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies

Astilbe[edit | edit source]

Astilbe japonica

False-goat's-beard

Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Heucheroideae — Heuchereae — Astilbe
Astilbe	False-goat's-beard	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Astilbe japonica (C.Morren & Decne.) A.Gray	Florist's-spiraea	Introduced, Not naturalized Perennial, Herb-forb		Columbia, Dutchess, Madison, Warren	NYFA-X USDA-X0 ITIS Images Wikispecies

References[edit | edit source]

[1] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Nelumbo nucifera: invasive (64).

[2] Nelumbo nucifera is likely to become invasive if introduced on Long Island.[1]

[3] "London Planes and American Sycamores." Growing History, The Philadelphia Historic Plants Consortium. Posted on March 13, 2012 by David H.

[4] Burns, O.O. Wells and R.C. Schmidtling. 1990. "Platanus occidentalis L." Silvics of North America: 1. Conifers; 2. Hardwoods. Agriculture Handbook 654. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, DC. vol.2, 877 p.

[5] New York State Big Tree Register As of December 2, 2016

[6] New York Metropolitan Flora Project, 02/07/2012 considers reports of naturalized Pachysandra procumbens to have been based on planted specimens.

[7] Long Island Botanical Society Newsletter (18:2, Spring 2008) reported "two patches in the uplands of Oakland Lake [Queens]." and "…from North Hempstead Township in Nassau County."

[DECA-8] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.

[9] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Crassula aquatica. Endangered, S1/G5.

[10] Sedum integrifolium ssp. leedyi Recovery Plan. Department of the Interior and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1998.

[11] Rhodiola integrifolia ssp. leedyi, New York Natural Heritage Program.

[DECA-12] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.

[13] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Rhodiola rosea. Endangered, S1/G5.

[14] Rhodiola integrifolia var. leedyi is one of eleven federally-listed endangered or threatened plants found in New York. It is found only in Minnesota and New York. The New York populations consist of a large population on the shores of southern Seneca Lake and a single plant at Watkins Glen, near the south end of that lake.

[15] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Rhodiola integrifolia ssp. leedyi . Endangered, S1/G5T1.

[DECA-16] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.

[17] Jordan, M.J., G. Moore and T.W. Weldy. 2008. Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY; The Nature Conservancy, Albany, NY.

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