Flora of New York/Proteales…Saxifragales

← Ranunculales	Flora of New York — Proteales, Buxales, Saxifragales				→ Vitales, Zygophyllales, Celastrales, Oxalidales
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Proteales	Nelumbonaceae	−	−	Nelumbo (lotus)	1	2
Proteales	Platanaceae	−	−	Platanus (sycamore)	1	2
Buxales	Buxaceae	Buxoideae	−	Buxus (boxwood)	1	1
Buxales	Buxaceae	Pachysandroideae	Pachysandreae	Pachysandra (spurge)	1	2
Saxifragales	Paeoniaceae	−	−	Paeonia (peony)	1	1
	Altingiaceae	−	−	Liquidambar (sweetgum)	1	1
	Hamamelidaceae	Hamamelidoideae	Hamamelideae	Hamamelis (witchhazel)	1	1
	Cercidiphyllaceae	−	−	Cercidiphyllum (katsura tree)	1	1
	Crassulaceae	Crassuloideae	−	Crassula (pygmyweed)	1	1
		Sempervivoideae	Umbiliceae	Rhodiola, Hylotelephium, Phedimus (stonecrop)	3	7
			Semperviveae	Sempervivum (houseleek, hen-and-chickens)	1	1
			Sedeae	Sedum (stonecrop)	1	8
	Haloragaceae	−	Myriophylleae	Myriophyllum (watermilfoil) Proserpinaca (mermaidweed)	2	13
	Penthoraceae	−	−	Penthorum (ditch-stonecrop)	1	1
	Grossulariaceae	−	−	Ribes (currant, gooseberry)	1	11
	Saxifragaceae	Saxifragoideae	Saxifrageae	Saxifraga (saxifrage)	1	5
		Heucheroideae	Chrysosplenieae	Chrysosplenium (golden saxifrage)	1	1
		Heucheroideae	Heuchereae	Tiarella (foamflower) Mitella (miterwort) Heuchera (alumroot) Astilbe (florist's spiraea)	1	7

Order Proteales[edit]

The order Proteales contains the lotus (Nelumbonaceae) and sycamore (Platanaceae) families, each of which has a single species known to be native or naturalized in New York.

Nelumbo lutea, Sodus Bay, 1916

Family Nelumbonaceae[edit]

The Nelumbonaceae (lotus family) has two species of aquatic plants found in New York.

Genus Nelumbo[edit]

Nelumbo nucifera is from tropical Asia, and Nelumbo lutea is a North American native that was probably introduced to New York from further south prior to widespread European settlement.

Proteales — Nelumbonaceae — Nelumbo
Nelumbo	Lotus	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2
Nelumbo lutea Willd. 1788. Nymphaea pentapetala Walter rej. 1799. Nelumbo pentapetala Willd rej. 1799. Nelumbium luteum Willd. 1799. Nelumbo lutea Willd. 1996. Nelumbo nucifera ssp. lutea Borsch & Barthlott	American lotus, Great yellow water-lily, Water-chinquapin, Yellow lotus	Introduced, N. America native, Rare^[1]			NYFA-X USDA-NN ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp
Nelumbo (excluded taxa)	Lotus	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	X
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. 1753. Nymphaea nelumbo L. 1788. Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. 1799. Nelumbo speciosa Willd. 1799. Nelumbium speciosum Willd.	East Indian lotus, Oriental lotus, Pink lotus, Sacred bean, Sacred lotus	Introduced from tropical Asia, N.Y. excluded, Potentially invasive, ^[2]			NYFA-XCLD USDA-X0 ARS FNA Images, wsp
↑ Early botanists considered Nelumbo lutea to be native to the area around Sodus Bay, but it may have been cultivated there by Native Americans using plants brought from the South. It is now extirpated from that area, but naturalized pants persist elsewhere in the state. ↑ Nelumbo nucifera is likely to become invasive if introduced on Long Island.[1]

Family Platanaceae[edit]

The Platanaceae (sycamore family) is represented in New York by the native American Sycamore and the London plane tree, which is probably a hybrid of the American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) and the Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis) from Eurasia.^[1] Although widely planted as a street tree, the London plane tree is not known to naturalize extensively in New York.

Genus Platanus[edit]

Sycamore is a common wetland and riparian tree and is among the largest of the eastern deciduous trees. Sycamores are among the fastest-growing trees in the region and reach the largest diameter of any North American hardwood.^[2] The New York State Champion sycamore tree was reported in Dutchess County in 2011 at 117 feet tall, with a circumfrence of 27 feet.^[3]

Proteales — Platanaceae — Platanus
Platanus	Sycamore	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Platanus occidentalis L. 1753. Platanus occidentalis L. 1901. P. glabrata Fernald 1919. P. occidentalis var. glabrata	Eastern sycamore American sycamore American plane-tree Buttonwood tree Buttonball tree Platane occidental, Platane d'Amérique, Platane d'Occident	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 6, Secure FACW-FAC Perennial, Tree			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Platanus (excluded taxa)	Sycamore	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	X
Platanus × hispanica Mill. ex Münchh Platanus occidentalis × Platanus orientalis 1770. P. hispanica Mill. ex Münchh. 1789. P. orientalis var. acerifolia 1804. P. hybridus Brot. 1805. P. acerifolia (Aiton) Willd. 1919. P. acerifolia var. hispanica	London planetree, Maple-leaved plane-tree, London sycamore, Hybrid of American sycamore & Oriental planetree Platane à feuilles d'érable, Hybride de platane occidental et de platane oriental	Introduced, N.Y. excluded, Cultivated only			NYFA-XCLD USDA-XX] NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
↑ "London Planes and American Sycamores." Growing History, The Philadelphia Historic Plants Consortium. Posted on March 13, 2012 by David H. ↑ Burns, O.O. Wells and R.C. Schmidtling. 1990. "Platanus occidentalis L." Silvics of North America: 1. Conifers; 2. Hardwoods. Agriculture Handbook 654. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, DC. vol.2, 877 p. ↑ New York State Big Tree Register As of December 2, 2016

Order Buxales[edit]

The order Buxales...

Family Buxaceae[edit]

The Buxaceae (box family)

Subfamily Buxoideae[edit]

Genus Buxus[edit]

Buxales — Buxaceae — Buxoideae — Buxus
Buxus	Boxwood	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Buxus sempervirens L. 1753. Buxus sempervirens L. 1785. Buxus myrtifolia Lam. 1947. Buxus colchica Pojark. 1947. Buxus hyrcana Pojark.	Common boxwood, Common box	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa			NYFA-X USDA-X ARS ITIS Trop. NSE IPN Images, wsp

Subfamily Pachysandroideae[edit]

Tribe Pachysandreae[edit]

Genus Pachysandra[edit]

Japanese pachysandra is widely planted as a ground-cover and tends to persist, spreading vegetatively to adjacent wooded areas, where it can be difficult to remove. Allegheny pachysandra is planted as a "native" substitute, and is probably unlikely to naturalize as far north as New York State.^[1]

Buxales — Buxaceae — Pachysandroideae — Pachysandreae — Pachysandra
Pachysandra	Pachysandra	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Pachysandra procumbens Michx. 1803. Pachysandra procumbens Michx.	Allegheny pachysandra, Allegheny spurge	Introduced, US South native, No specimens^[2]			NYFA-0 USDA-N NSE BNA Images, wsp
Pachysandra terminalis Siebold & Zucc. 1845. Pachysandra terminalis Siebold & Zucc.	Japanese pachysandra, Japanese spurge	Introduced, Potentially invasive, MIPC, WW			NYFA-X USDA-X Images, wsp
↑ New York Metropolitan Flora Project, 02/07/2012 considers reports of naturalized Pachysandra procumbens to have been based on planted specimens. ↑ Long Island Botanical Society Newsletter (18:2, Spring 2008) reported "two patches in the uplands of Oakland Lake [Queens]." and "…from North Hempstead Township in Nassau County."

Order Saxifragales[edit]

The order Saxifragales has about 15 families worldwide. Of these, ten are represented in New York.

Family Paeoniaceae[edit]

The Paeoniaceae (peony family)...

Genus Paeonia[edit]

Saxifragales — Paeoniaceae — Paeonia
Paeonia	Peony	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Paeonia lactiflora Pall. 1776. Paeonia lactiflora Pall. 1788. Paeonia albiflora Pall. 18??. Paeonia sinensis hort. ex Steud. 1870. Paeonia chinensis hort. ex E.Vilm.	Chinese peony	Introduced from temperate Asia, Rarely spreads			NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS ITIS Trop. NSE IPN Images, wsp

Family Altingiaceae[edit]

The Altingiaceae (sweetgum family) contains only about fifteen species and its segregation from Hamamelidaceae has only recently been widely accepted. One of its three genera (Semiliquidambar) may comprise intergeneric hybrids of the other two (Altingia and Liquidambar), so revisions within this family may be forthcoming.

Genus Liquidambar[edit]

Liquidambar styraciflua is the only North American species of Liquidambar, or sweetgum. It is most common in the forests of the southeastern United States, but its native range appears to extend as far north as southeastern New York State. It is cultivated elsewhere in the state and seems to be able to naturalize in some upstate locations.

Saxifragales — Altingiaceae — Liquidambar
Liquidambar	Sweet gum	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Liquidambar styraciflua L. 1753. Liquidambar styraciflua L. 1796. Liquidambar gummifera Salisb. 1812. Liquidambar barbata Stokes 1863. Liquidambar macrophylla Oerst. 1863. L. styraciflua var. mexicana Oerst.	Sweetgum, American sweetgum, American sweet-gum, Redgum, American storax	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 6, Secure Perennial, Tree			NYFA-5 USDA-N0 NEW Can-0 ARS ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Family Hamamelidaceae[edit]

The Hamamelidaceae...

Subfamily Hamamelidoideae[edit]

Tribe Hamamelideae[edit]

Genus Hamamelis[edit]

Saxifragales — Hamamelidaceae — Hamamelidoideae — Hamamelideae — Hamamelis
Hamamelis	Witchhazel	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Hamamelis virginiana L. 1753. Hamamelis virginiana L. 1788. Hamamelis androgyna Walter 1788. Hamamelis dioica Walter 1814. Hamamelis macrophylla Pursh 1836. Trilopus virginica (L.) Raf.	American witch-hazel, Common witch-hazel, Witch-hazel Café du diable, Hamémelis de Virginie	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 7, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Hamamelis (excluded taxa)	Witchhazel	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	X
Hamamelis vernalis Sarg. 1908. Hamamelis vernalis Sarg. 1932. H. vernalis var. tomentella 2007. H. virginiana ssp. vernalis	Ozark witchhazel, Ozark witch-hazel, Vernal witch-hazel	Introduced from southern US, N. America native, Cultivated, Not naturalized Perennial, Shrub, tree			NYFA-0 USDA-N0 NEW-0 Can-0 ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp

Tribe Corylopsideae[edit]

Genus Corylopsis[edit]

There are a number of species of winterhazel (Corylopsis) that are hardy in New York and planted as early-blooming shrubs. None of them have been reported to naturalize in the state.

Saxifragales — Hamamelidaceae — Hamamelidoideae — Corylopsideae — Corylopsis
Corylopsis	Winter hazel	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	0
Corylopsis spicata	Spike winterhazel	Introduced from Asia, Cultivated, Not naturalized			NYFA-0 Images, wsp
Corylopsis glabrescens	Fragrant winterhazel	Introduced from Asia, Cultivated, Not naturalized			NYFA-0 Images, wsp
Corylopsis pauciflora	Butteercup winterhazel	Introduced from Asia, Cultivated, Not naturalized			NYFA-0 Images, wsp
Corylopsis sinensis Hemsl. 1906. Corylopsis sinensis Hemsl.	Chinese winterhazel	Introduced from Asia, Cultivated, Not naturalized			NYFA-0 USDA-00 ARS Images, wsp

Tribe Fothergilleae[edit]

Genus Fothergilla[edit]

Saxifragales — Hamamelidaceae — Hamamelidoideae — Fothergilleae — Fothergilla
Fothergilla	Witch-alder	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	0
Fothergilla gardenii L. 1774. Fothergilla gardenii L. 1782. Fothergilla alnifolia L.f. 1894. Fothergilla carolina Britton 1903. Fothergilla parvifolia Kearney	Dwarf witchalder	Introduced, US South native, No NY reports Perennial, Shrub			NYFA-0 USDA-N0 ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
Fothergilla major (Sims) Lodd. 1810. Fothergilla alnifolia var. major Sims 1829. Fothergilla major (Sims) Lodd. 1897. Fothergilla monticola Ashe	Witch-alder, Mountain witchalder	Introduced, US South native, No NY reports Perennial, Shrub			NYFA-0 USDA-N0 ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp

Family Cercidiphyllaceae[edit]

The Cercidiphyllaceae contains only the Asian genus Cercidiphyllum.

Genus Cercidiphyllum[edit]

Cercidiphyllum contains the two Asian species, C. japonicum and C. magnificum, the first of which, the katsura-tree has been reported outside of cultivation in Kings, Nassau and Queens Counties.

Saxifragales — Cercidiphyllaceae — Cercidiphyllum
Cercidiphyllum	Katsura	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold & Zucc. ex J.J.Hoffm. & J.H.Schult. bis 1846. Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold & Zucc. 1864. C. japonicum J.J.Hoffm. & J.H.Schult. bis 1913. C. japonicum var. sinense Rehder & E.H.Wilson	Katsura-tree, Toffee-apple tree	Introduced from Japan, China			NYFA-X USDA-X0 NEW ARS ITIS NSE BNA Images, wsp

Family Crassulaceae[edit]

The Crassulaceae (orpine family)...

Subfamily Crassuloideae[edit]

Genus Crassula[edit]

Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Crassuloideae — Crassula
Crassula	Pygmyweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Crassula aquatica (L.) Schoenl. 1753. Tillaea aquatica L. 1801. Bulliarda aquatica (L.) DC. 1840. Tillaea angustifolia Nutt. 1890. Crassula aquatica (L.) Schoenl. 1903. Tillaeastrum aquaticum (L.) Britton 1920. Hydrophila aquatica (L.) House	Water pigmy-weed, River-leek, Pigmy-weed	N.Y. native, Endangered, DEC-A^[1], NYNHP: 1^[2]			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NEW FNA Trop. Images, wsp
↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. DEC Active Inventory List ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Crassula aquatica. Endangered, S1/G5.

Subfamily Sempervivoideae[edit]

Tribe Umbiliceae[edit]

Genus Rhodiola[edit]

In New York, Rhodiola consists of two taxa of endangered plants.

Rhodiola integrifolia ssp. leedyi is an isolated subspecies of a common western cliff-stonecrop species (transferred from Sedum integrifolium in 1999). It has been found mainly on northwest-to-northeast-facing cliffs in southeastern Minnesota and near the southern part of Seneca Lake. It was discovered at Watkins Glen State Park in Schuyler County in 1918. The largest known population (at least 6000 plants) was discovered that same year, along about 2 miles of Glenora Cliff, on the western shore of Seneca Lake, in Yates County. It wasn't until 1994 that a third New York population was found near Glenora Falls, also in Yates County. [2], [3]

Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Sempervivoideae — Umbiliceae — Rhodiola
Rhodiola	Stonecrop	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2
Rhodiola rosea L. 1753. Rhodiola rosea L. 1771. Sedum rosea (L.) Scop. 1903. Sedum roanense Britton 1903. Rhodiola roanensis Britton 1930. Sedum rosea var. roanense 1973. Rhodiola rosea ssp. roanensis	Roseroot stonecrop, Roseroot	N.Y. native, Endangered, DEC-A^[1], NYNHP: 1^[2]			NYFA-1 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Rhodiola integrifolia Raf. ssp. leedyi (Rosend. & J.W.Moore) H.Ohba 1947. Sedum rosea var. leedyi Rosend. &al. 1975. Sedum integrifolium ssp. leedyi R.T.Clausen 1985. Tolmachevia integrifolia ssp. leedyi Á.Löve & D.Löve 1999. R. integrifolia ssp. leedyi H.Ohba	Leedy's roseroot, Leedy's stonecrop, Rose sedum	N.Y. native, Endangered, Federally listed^[3], DEC-A^[1], NYNHP: 1^[4]			NYFA-1 USDA-N0 ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Rhodiola (excluded taxa)	Stonecrop	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	X
Rhodiola integrifolia ssp. integrifolia 1832. Rhodiola integrifolia Raf. p.p. Sedum atropurpureum Turcz. R. atropurpurea (Turcz.) Trautv. & C. A. Mey. R. rosea ssp. integrifolia Sedum integrifolium (Raf.) A. Nelson	Ledge stonecrop	N. America native western N. A., N.Y. excluded Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NN ARS ITIS IPN Images, wsp
↑ ^a ^b New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. DEC Active Inventory List ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Rhodiola rosea. Endangered, S1/G5. ↑ Rhodiola integrifolia var. leedyi is one of eleven federally-listed endangered or threatened plants found in New York. It is found only in Minnesota and New York. The New York populations consist of a large population on the shores of southern Seneca Lake and a single plant at Watkins Glen, near the south end of that lake. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Rhodiola integrifolia ssp. leedyi . Endangered, S1/G5T1.

Genus Hylotelephium[edit]

The NYFA now lists Hylotelephium telephioides as not-native to New York, but the DEC (and NYFA) still list it as endangered in New York.

Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Sempervivoideae — Umbiliceae — Hylotelephium
Hylotelephium	Stonecrop	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	4
Hylotelephium telephium (L.) H.Ohba. ssp. telephium 1753. Sedum telephium L. 1821. S. triphyllum (Haw.) Gray 1843. S. purpurascens W.D.J.Koch 1878. S. telephium var. borderi 1909. S. telephium ssp. purpurascens 1961. S. telephium var. purpurascens (i) 1977. H. telephium (L.) H.Ohba.	Garden stonecrop, Witch's moneybags, Purple orpine, Sedum, Live-forever Vit-toujours	Introduced from Eurasia, Naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp
Hylotelephium erythrostictum (Miq.) H.Ohba	Garden stonecrop, Garden orpine	Introduced, Unk. naturalization			NYFA-X USDA-X0 ITIS Images, wsp
Hylotelephium telephioides (Michx.) H.Ohba	Allegheny stonecrop, Live-forever	Introduced, Not naturalized, Endangered, No recent reports, DEC-A^[1]			NYFA-Z USDA-NX BNA Images, wsp
Hylotelephium (excluded taxa)	Stonecrop	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	[4]
Hylotelephium sieboldii (Sweet ex Hooker) H. Ohba Sedum sieboldii Sweet ex Hooker Hylotelephium sieboldii (Sweet ex Hooker) H.Ohba	Stonecrop, October Daphne	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-EXCLD Images, wsp
Hylotelephium spectabile (Boreau) H.Ohba	Showy stonecrop, Iceplant	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-X0 Images, wsp
↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. DEC Active Inventory List

Genus Phedimus[edit]

Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Sempervivoideae — Umbiliceae — Phedimus
Phedimus	Phedimus	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Phedimus spurius (M.Bieb.) 't Hart 1808. Sedum spurium M.Bieb. 1815. Sedum oppositifolium Sims 1984. Asterosedum spurium Grulich 1985. Spathulata spuria Á.Löve & D.Löve 1995. Phedimus spurius 't Hart	Caucasian stonecrop, Two-rowed stonecrop	Introduced from temperate Asia			NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS Images, wsp
Phedimus (excluded taxa)	Phedimus	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	X
Phedimus stolonifer (J.F.Gmel.) 't Hart 1774. Sedum stoloniferum J.F.Gmel. 1995. Phedimus stolonifer (J.F.Gmel.) 't Hart	Running false stonecrop, Stolon stonecrop	Introduced from northern Iran, eastern Turkey, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-X0 NEW ITIS Trop. Images, wsp

Tribe Semperviveae[edit]

Genus Sempervivum[edit]

Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Sempervivoideae — Semperviveae — Sempervivum
Sempervivum	Houseleek	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Sempervivum tectorum L. 1753. Sempervivum tectorum L.	Common houseleek, Hen-and-chickens, Hen-and-chicks Joubarbe des toits	Introduced, N.Y. excluded Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-Xx USDA-XX NEW Can ARS ITIS BNA Images, wsp

Tribe Sedeae[edit]

Genus Sedum[edit]

Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Sempervivoideae — Sedeae — Sedum
Sedum	Stonecrop	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	8
Sedum ternatum Michx. Clausenellia ternata	Wood stonecrop, Woodland stonecrop	Introduced, US South native			NYFA-X USDA-NX NEW NSE BNA Images, wsp
Sedum acre L.	Gold-moss, Goldmoss stonecrop	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Sedum album L.	White stonecrop	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Sedum hispanicum L.	Spanish stonecrop	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Sedum kamtschaticum Fisch. & C.A.Mey.	Orange stonecrop	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images, wsp
Sedum rupestre L. Petrosedum reflexum (L.) Grulich Sedum reflexum L.	Jenny's stonecrop, Reflexed stonecrop	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Sedum sarmentosum Bunge	Stringy stonecrop	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Sedum ochroleucum Chaix Sedum anopetalum DC.	European stonecrop	Introduced, No specimens			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images, wsp

Family Haloragaceae[edit]

The Haloragaceae (watermilfoil family)...

Tribe Myriophylleae[edit]

Genus Proserpinaca[edit]

Saxifragales — Haloragaceae — Myriophylleae — Proserpinaca
Proserpinaca	Mermaidweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	3
Proserpinaca palustris L. var. crebra	Marsh mermaidweed	N.Y. native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Proserpinaca palustris L. var. palustris	Marsh mermaidweed	N.Y. native, Especially vulnerable			NYFA-1? USDA-NN Images, wsp
Proserpinaca pectinata Lam.	Comb-leaved mermaid-weed	N.Y. native, Threatened			NYFA-2 USDA-NN Images, wsp

Genus Myriophyllum[edit]

The subgeneric system used here for Myriophyllum is based on Michael L. Moody and Donald H. Les (2010). "Systematics of the Aquatic Angiosperm Genus Myriophyllum (Haloragaceae)." Systematic Botany, Vol. 35, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 2010), pp. 121-139.

Myriophyllum subg. Brachytheca[edit]

Saxifragales — Haloragaceae — Myriophylleae — Myriophyllum — subg. Brachytheca
Myriophyllum subg. Brachytheca sect. Tessaronia	Water-milfoil	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	10
Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx. 1803. Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx.	Various-leaved water milfoil, Variable-leaved water-milfoil, Two-leaf water-milfoil, Broad-leaved water-milfoil, Changeleaf parrotfeather	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 4, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Myriophyllum humile (Raf.) Morong	Low water-milfoil	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 8, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Myriophyllum tenellum Bigel.	Slender water-milfoil	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 10, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Myriophyllum farwellii Morong	Farwell's water-milfoil	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 4, Threatened OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-2 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Myriophyllum pinnatum (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.	Cutleaf watermilfoil, Cut-leaved water-milfoil, Green parrotfeather	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 10, Endangered OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-1 USDA-NN ITIS Images, wsp
Myriophyllum subg. Brachytheca sect. Tessaronia (excluded taxa)	Water-milfoil	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	X
Myriophyllum hippuroides Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray	Western watermilfoil	N. America native western N. Am., N.Y. excluded OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-XCLD Images, wsp

Myriophyllum subg. Myriophyllum[edit]

Saxifragales — Haloragaceae — Myriophylleae — Myriophyllum — subg. Myriophyllum
Myriophyllum subg. Myriophyllum sect. Myriophyllum	Water-milfoil	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	10
Myriophyllum sibiricum Kom. 1914. Myriophyllum sibiricum Kom.	Northern water-milfoil, Shortspike watermilfoil	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Myriophyllum verticillatum L.	Whorled water-milfoil	N.Y. native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC.	Alternateflower watermilfoil, Alternate-flowered water-milfoil	N.Y. native, Threatened			NYFA-2 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Myriophyllum spicatum L.	Eurasian water-milfoil, Spike watermilfoil	Introduced, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 94%^[1], NE-1^[2]			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Myriophyllum subg. Myriophyllum sect. Pectinatum	Water-milfoil	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	10
Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.	Parrot-feather, Parrot feather watermilfoil	Introduced, Invasive			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Myriophyllum spicatum: invasive (94). Detail ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Family Penthoraceae[edit]

The Penthoraceae Rydb. ex Britton, nom. cons.^[1]

Genus Penthorum[edit]

Saxifragales — Penthoraceae — Penthorum
Penthorum	Penthorum	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Penthorum sedoides L.	Ditch-stonecrop, Virginia stonecrop, Virginia penthorum Penthorum faux-orpin	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can FNA Trop. Images, wsp
↑ Flora of North America, Vol. 8 Page 44, 148, 230: Penthoraceae Rydberg ex Britton "Cronquist (1981) considered it to be transitional between Crassulaceae and Saxifragaceae. … Molecular studies suggest that the genus is sister to Haloragaceae. … Recent authors often have placed it in the monogeneric Penthoraceae."

Family Grossulariaceae[edit]

The Grossulariaceae (gooseberry family)...

Genus Ribes[edit]

Ribes can be grouped into the currants, which are generally thornless with small berries, and the gooseberries, which generally have thorns and larger berries.

Ribes subg. Ribes[edit]

Subgenus Ribes contains the currants.

Saxifragales — Grossulariaceae — Ribes — subg. Ribes
Ribes subg. Ribes	Currant	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	11
Ribes americanum Mill. 1768. Ribes americanum Mill. 1915. Coreosma americana (Mill.) Nieuwl.	Wild black currant, American black currant, Blank currant Groseillier d'Amérique, Gadellier d’Amérique	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp
Ribes glandulosum Grauer 1784. Ribes glandulosum Grauer 1785. Ribes prostratum L'Hér. 1813. Ribes resinosum Pursh	Skunk currant, Wild currant Gadellier glanduleux	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp
Ribes triste Pall. 1797. Ribes triste Pall. 1856. Ribes rubrum var. propinquum 1907. Ribes triste var. albinervium 1966. Ribes rubrum var. alaskanum	Red currant, Swamp red currant, Wild red currant Gadellier amer	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp
Ribes aureum Pursh var. villosum DC. 1825. Ribes odoratum H.L.Wendl. 1828. Ribes aureum var. villosum DC.	Buffalo currant, Clove currant, Golden currant, Missouri currant Groseillier doré	Introduced, N. America native			NYFA-X USDA-NX ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp
Ribes nigrum L. 1753. Ribes nigrum L. 1929. Ribes cyathiforme Pojark.	Black currant, European black currant, Garden black currant Gadellier noir, Groseillier noir, Cassis, Cassissier	Introduced, Eurasia native			NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp
Ribes rubrum L. 1753. Ribes rubrum L. 1789. Ribes vulgare Lam. 1826. Ribes sylvestre Mert. & W.D.J.Koch 1865. Ribes sativum (Rchb.) Syme	Northern red currant, Red garden currant, Cultivated currant Groseillier rouge	Introduced, Europe native			NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp

Ribes subg. Grossularia[edit]

Subgenus Grossularia contains the gooseberries.

Saxifragales — Grossulariaceae — Ribes — subg. Grossularia
Ribes subg. Grossularia	Gooseberry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	11
Ribes cynosbati L. 1753 1768. Grossularia cynosbati (L.) Mill. 1901. Ribes huronense Rydb.	Prickly gooseberry, Eastern prickly gooseberry, American gooseberry, Dogbramble, Pasture gooseberry Groseillier des chiens	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp
Ribes hirtellum Michx. 1803 1838. Grossularia hirtella (Michx.) Spach	Smooth gooseberry, Wild gooseberry, Hairystem gooseberry, Wedge-leaf gooseberry Groseillier hérissé	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp
Ribes rotundifolium Michx. 1803 1908. Grossularia rotundifolia Coville & Britton	Appalachian gooseberry, Wild gooseberry	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-N0 ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp
Ribes uva-crispa L. var. sativum DC. 1753. Ribes grossularia L. 1753. Ribes reclinatum L. 1768. Grossularia reclinata (L.) Mill. Ribes uva-crispa ssp. sativum DC. 1830. Ribes uva-crispa ssp. reclinatum Rchb.	European gooseberry, English gooseberry Groseillier épineux, Groseillier deshaies, Groseillier vert	Introduced, Eurasia native, N. Africa native			NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp

Ribes subg. Grossularioides[edit]

Saxifragales — Grossulariaceae — Ribes — subg. Grossularioides
Ribes subg. Grossularioides	Currant / Gooseberry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	11
Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. 1812 1805. Ribes oxycanthoides var. lacustre 1876. Ribes lacustre var. parvulum 1917. Limnobotrya lacustris (Pers.) Rydb.	Bristly black currant, Bristly black gooseberry, Prickly currant, Swamp gooseberry Gadellier lacustre	N.Y. native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp

Genus Itea[edit]

Saxifragales — Grossulariaceae — Itea
Itea	sweetspire	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	0
Itea virginica L. 1753. Itea virginica L.	Virginia sweetspire, Tassel-white, Virginia-tea, Virginia-willow	Introduced from US South, Cultivated Perennial, Shrub			NYFA-0 USDA-N0 ARS ITIS NSE BNA Images, wsp

Family Saxifragaceae[edit]

The Saxifragaceae (family)...

Subfamily Saxifragoideae[edit]

Tribe Saxifrageae[edit]

Genus Micranthes[edit]

Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Saxifragoideae — Saxifrageae — Micranthes
Micranthes	Saxifrage	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2
Micranthes virginiensis (Michx.) Small 1803. Saxifraga virginiensis Michx. 1847. S. virginiensis var. virginiensis 1903. Micranthes virginiensis Small 1982. Spatularia virginiensis Á.& D.Löve	Virginia saxifrage, Early saxifrage Saxifrage de Virginie	N.Y. native, Secure FACU-FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ITIS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Micranthes pensylvanica L. (Haw.) 1753. Saxifraga pensylvanica L. 1821. Micranthes pensylvanica (L.) Haw. 1870. Saxifraga forbesii Vasey 1923. Saxifraga purpuripetala A.M.Johnson 1925. Micranthes pensylvanica fo. purpuripetala (A.M.Johnson) House 1928. Micranthes pensylvanica var. purpuripetala (A.M.Johnson) Bush	Eastern swamp saxifrage, Swamp saxifrage, Marsh saxifrage, Pennsylvania saxifrage Saxifrage de Pennsylvanie	N.Y. native, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-4-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ITIS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp

Genus Saxifraga[edit]

Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Saxifragoideae — Saxifrageae — Saxifraga
Saxifraga	Saxifrage	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	3
Saxifraga aizoides L. 1753. Saxifraga aizoides L. 1821. Leptasea aizoides (L.) Haw. 1836. Evaiezoa aizoides (L.) Raf. 1898. Saxifraga vanbruntiae Small 1905. Leptasea vanbruntiae Small	Yellow mountain saxifrage, Evergreen saxifrage, Golden saxifrage Saxifrage jaune, Saxifrage faux-aïzoon, Saxifrage jaune des montagnes	N.Y. native, Threatened			NYFA-2 USDA-NN NEW Can FNA Images, wsp
Saxifraga oppositifolia ssp. oppositifolia	Purple mountain saxifrage	N.Y. native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN FNA Images, wsp
Saxifraga paniculata Mill. ssp. paniculata 1768. Saxifraga paniculata Mill. 1778. Saxifraga aizoon Jacq. 1944. Saxifraga aizoon var. neogaea 1968. Saxifraga paniculata ssp. neogaea 1982. Chondrosea paniculata (Mill.) Á.Löve	White mountain saxifrage	N.Y. native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN FNA Images, wsp

Subfamily Heucheroideae[edit]

Tribe Chrysosplenieae[edit]

Genus Chrysosplenium[edit]

Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Heucheroideae — Chrysosplenieae — Chrysosplenium
Chrysosplenium	Golden saxifrage	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Chrysosplenium americanum	American golden saxifrage	N.Y. native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Images, wsp

Tribe Heuchereae[edit]

Genus Tiarella[edit]

Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Heucheroideae — Heuchereae — Tiarella
Tiarella	Foamflower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Tiarella cordifolia L. 1753. Tiarella cordifolia L. 1903. Tiarella macrophylla Small 1937. Tiarella wherryi Lakela 1937. T. cordifolia var. austrina Lakela 1940. T. cordifolia ssp. collina Wherry	Heartleaf foamflower, Heart-leaved foam-flower, False mitrewort, Coolwort Tiarelle cordifoliée, Tiarelle à feuilles cordées, Tiarelle feuille-en-coeur, Tiarelle	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp

Genus Mitella[edit]

Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Heucheroideae — Heuchereae — Mitella
Mitella	Miterwort, bishop's cap	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	3
Mitella diphylla	Two-leaved bishop's-cap, Two-leaved miterwort, Coolwort	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Mitella nuda L. Mitella prostrata Michx.	Naked bishop's-cap, Naked miterwort, Creeping bishop's cap	N.Y. native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Mitella × intermedia Mitella diphylla × Mitella nuda	Miterwort, Bishop's-cap	N.Y. native, Especially vulnerable			NYFA-1? USDA-N0 Images, wsp

Genus Heuchera[edit]

Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Heucheroideae — Heuchereae — Heuchera
Heuchera	Alumroot	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2
Heuchera americana L. var. americana	American alumroot Heuchère d'Amérique	N.Y. native, Vulnerable			NYFA-3 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Heuchera villosa var. villosa	Hairy alumroot	Introduced, N. America native			NYFA-X USDA-N0 Images, wsp

Genus Astilbe[edit]

Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Heucheroideae — Heuchereae — Astilbe
Astilbe	False-goat's-beard	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Astilbe japonica (C.Morren & Decne.) A.Gray	Florist's-spiraea	Introduced Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-X0 ITIS Images, wsp

[1] Early botanists considered Nelumbo lutea to be native to the area around Sodus Bay, but it may have been cultivated there by Native Americans using plants brought from the South. It is now extirpated from that area, but naturalized pants persist elsewhere in the state.

[2] Nelumbo nucifera is likely to become invasive if introduced on Long Island.[1]

[3] "London Planes and American Sycamores." Growing History, The Philadelphia Historic Plants Consortium. Posted on March 13, 2012 by David H.

[4] Burns, O.O. Wells and R.C. Schmidtling. 1990. "Platanus occidentalis L." Silvics of North America: 1. Conifers; 2. Hardwoods. Agriculture Handbook 654. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, DC. vol.2, 877 p.

[5] New York State Big Tree Register As of December 2, 2016

[6] New York Metropolitan Flora Project, 02/07/2012 considers reports of naturalized Pachysandra procumbens to have been based on planted specimens.

[7] Long Island Botanical Society Newsletter (18:2, Spring 2008) reported "two patches in the uplands of Oakland Lake [Queens]." and "…from North Hempstead Township in Nassau County."

[DECA-8] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. DEC Active Inventory List

[9] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Crassula aquatica. Endangered, S1/G5.

[DECA-10] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. DEC Active Inventory List

[11] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Rhodiola rosea. Endangered, S1/G5.

[12] Rhodiola integrifolia var. leedyi is one of eleven federally-listed endangered or threatened plants found in New York. It is found only in Minnesota and New York. The New York populations consist of a large population on the shores of southern Seneca Lake and a single plant at Watkins Glen, near the south end of that lake.

[13] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Rhodiola integrifolia ssp. leedyi . Endangered, S1/G5T1.

[DECA-14] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. DEC Active Inventory List

[15] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Myriophyllum spicatum: invasive (94). Detail

[NE1-16] Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

[17] Flora of North America, Vol. 8 Page 44, 148, 230: Penthoraceae Rydberg ex Britton "Cronquist (1981) considered it to be transitional between Crassulaceae and Saxifragaceae. … Molecular studies suggest that the genus is sister to Haloragaceae. … Recent authors often have placed it in the monogeneric Penthoraceae."

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