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Flora of New York/Ranunculales

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Commelinales, Zingiberales, Ceratophyllales
Flora of New York — Ranunculales : Lardizabalaceae,
Menispermaceae, Berberidaceae, Ranunculaceae, Papaveraceae

Proteales… Saxifragales
Table of
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Genus
index
Protected species index Invasive species index


Superorder Ceratophyllanae is the probable sister of the eudicots. Its only order Ceratophyllales contains a single living genus.[1]

Superorders Ranunculanae, Proteanae, and Buxanae, are in the basal grade of eudicots.[2]

The order Ranunculales has about 93 taxa found outside of cultivation in New York. Ranunculales families include:


  1. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 181 (1): 1–20, doi:10.1111/boj.12385
  2. James L. Reveal (2012). "An outline of a classification scheme for extant flowering plants (Magnoliidae)." Phytoneuron 2012-37: 1–221. Published 23 April 2012. ISSN 2153 7
Clade Order Family Subfamily Tribe Genus Common names #
sister to
eudicots
Ceratophyllales Ceratophyllaceae Ceratophyllum hornwort 2
basal
eudicots
Ranunculales Lardizabalaceae Lardizabaloideae Akebieae Akebia chocolate vine, fiveleaf akebia 1
Menispermaceae Menispermoideae Menispermeae Menispermum moonseed 1
Berberidaceae Podophylloideae Leonticeae Caulophyllum blue cohosh 2
Podophylleae Podophyllum mayapple, wild mandrake 1
Jeffersonia twinleaf, rheumatism-root 1
Berberidoideae Berberideae Berberis barberry 3
Mahonia Oregon grape 1
Ranunculaceae Hydrastoideae Hydrastideae Hydrastis golden-seal, yellow puccoon 1
Coptidoieae Coptideae Coptis goldthread,
three-leaved goldthread
1
Xanthorhizeae Xanthorhiza yellowroot 1
Thalictroideae Aquilegieae Aquilegia columbine, wild columbine 2
Enemion false rue anemone 1
Thalictreae Thalictrum meadow rue 7
Ranunculoideae Actaeeae Actaea baneberry 5
Eranthis winter aconite 1
Caltheae Caltha marsh marigold 1
Trollius globeflower 1
Adonis pheasant's eye 2
Delphinieae Aconitum monkshood 3
Delphinium lark-spur 1
Consolida knight's-spur, lark-spur 2
Nigelleae Nigella love-in-a-mist 1
Helleboreae Helleborus hellebore, Christmas-rose 2
Anemoneae Anemone hepatica, thimbleweed 9
Clematis leather flower, virgin's-bower 6
Ranunculeae Halerpestes seaside crowfoot 1
Ceratocephala curvseed butterwort 1
Ficaria celadine 1
Ranunculus buttercup, crowfoot, spearwort 23
Papaveraceae Papaveroideae Papavereae Argemone pricklypoppy 2
Papaver poppy 6
Chelidonieae Sanguinaria bloodroot, red puccuoon 1
Chelidonium greater celandine 1
Macleaya plume poppy 1
Glaucium hornpoppy 2
Stylophorum celandine-poppy 1
Eschscholtzieae Eschscholzia California poppy 1
Fumarioideae Fumarieae Dicentra bleeding-heart, Dutchman's breeches 3
Lamprocapnos Asian bleeding-heart 1
Adlumia climbing fumitory 1
Capnoides harlequin, pink corydalis 1
Corydalis fumewort, corydalis 3
Fumaria fumitory 1
Pseudofumaria rock fumitory, yellow corydalis 1
Proteales Nelumbonaceae Nelumbo lotus 2
Platanaceae Platanus sycamore 2
Buxales Buxaceae Buxoideae Buxus boxwood 1
Pachysandroideae Pachysandreae Pachysandra spurge 2

Family Lardizabalaceae

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The Lardizabalaceae (lardizabala family)...

Subfamily Lardizabaloideae

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Tribe Akebieae

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Akebia
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Akebia quinata
Akebia is a small asian genus with a single species occurring in New York
Ranunculales — Lardizabalaceae — Lardizabaloideae — Akebieae — Akebia
Genus Akebia Chocolate-vine N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Houtt.) Dcne.

1779. Rajania quinata  Houtt.
1839. Akebia quinata  (Houtt.) Dcne.
Fiveleaf akebia,
Chocolate vine
Introduced from
 Asia,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 52%[1],
CP-4[2]

NYFA: X

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Family Menispermaceae

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The Menispermaceae (moonseed family)...

Subfamily Menispermoideae

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Tribe Menispermeae

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Menispermum
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Ranunculales — Menispermaceae — Menispermoideae — Menispermeae — Menispermum
Genus Menispermum Moonseed N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Menispermum canadense L.
Canada moonseed,
Common moonseed,
Yellow Parilla,
Carolina moonseed
Ménisperme du Canada,
Raison de couleuvre
Native,
Secure

NYFA: 5

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Family Berberidaceae

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The Berberidaceae (barberry family) contains several herbaceous genera that are associated with their native woodland wildflowers, including Caulophyllum (blue cohosh), Podophyllum (mayapple), and Jeffersonia (twinleaf). But the family also contains the non-native ornamental shrubs (some highly invasive) known as barberry in the Berberis and closely-related Manonia genera.

Subfamily Podophylloideae

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Tribe Leonticeae

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Caulophyllum
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Caulophyllum giganteum
early blue cohosh
Caulophyllum contains the two blue cohosh species found in New York, but it does not include black cohosh, which is not only in a separate genus (Actaea), but also in a different family (Ranunculaceae, below). Blue cohosh leaves have a similarity to Thalictrum (meadow rue) leaves, accounting for the specific epithet thalictroides.

Caulophyllum giganteum (early blue cohosh), appears earlier in the spring than C. thalictroides and has purple flowers instead of yellow.[1]


Ranunculales — Berberidaceae — Podophylloideae — Leonticeae — Caulophyllum
Genus Caulophyllum Blue cohosh N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Michx.

1753. Leontice thalictroides L.
1803. Caulophyllum thalictroides Michx.
Blue cohosh,
Squaw-root,
Papoose-root
Caulophylle faux-pigamon
Native,
Secure

NYFA: 5

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 (Farw.) Loconte & W.H.Blackw.

1918. Caulophyllum thalictroides  var. giganteum  Farw.
1981. Caulophyllum giganteum Loconte & W.H.Blackw.
Northern blue cohosh,
Giant blue cohosh,
Early blue cohosh
Native,
Unranked

NYFA: 3-5

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Differences between early and late blue cohoshes

Blue cohosh differentiation
Caulophyllum common name Flowering time Flowers per
inflorescence
Sepal color Sepal length Style length
C. gigantium early blue cohosh flowers before leaf expansion,
10-15 days before C. thalictroides
4 - 8 purple to purple-brown 6 - 9 mm 1 - 2 mm
C. thalictroides late blue cohosh flowers with leaves,
10-15 days after C. gigantium
5 - 70 yellow to yellow-green 3 - 6 mm ≤1 mm

Tribe Podophylleae

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Podophyllum
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Ranunculales — Berberidaceae — Podophylloideae — Podophylleae — Podophyllum
Genus Podophyllum Mayapple N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Podophyllum peltatum L.
May-apple,
Indian-apple,
Wild-mandrake
Pomme de mai
Native,
Secure

NYFA: 5

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Jeffersonia
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twinleaf

Although twinleaf is listed as threatened in New York, its populations have probably remained fairly stable. Because its native habitat includes ravines, its scarcity is more a matter of New York being at the northern edge of its natural range than it is of recent habitat loss. However, invasion of its habitat by exotic plants like garlic mustard and swallow-wort is currently a concern.


Ranunculales — Berberidaceae — Podophylloideae — Podophylleae — Jeffersonia
Genus Jeffersonia Twinleaf N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Pers.

1753. Podophyllum diphyllum L.
1805. Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers.
Twinleaf,
Twin-leaf,
Rheumatism-root
Native, CoC: 7,
Threatened,
NYNHP: 2[1]

NYFA: 2

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Subfamily Berberidoideae

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Tribe Berberideae

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Berberis
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Berberis thunbergii
Although there are a few North American native barberry species, none are known to have naturalized in New York State (unless Mahonia is included in Berberis). The closest reported occurrence is of Berberis canadensis (American barberry) in Huntington County in south-central Pennsylvania. However the two Eurasian barberries, Berberis thunbergii and Berberis vulgaris are quite common and considered to be invasive in New York. If fact, the sale of fertile Japanese barberry (B. thunbergii) is now prohibited in the state.
Berberis sect. Berberis
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Barberry differentiation
Barberry species Leaf margin Spines / thorns[1][2] Flowers
Berberis thunbergii, Japanese barberry Entire (smooth) 1 (or 1 with 2 short side-branches) Sessile umbel
Berberis vulgaris, European barberry Serrate (toothed) 3 (or 1 with 2 long side-branches) Racemes of 10-25
Berberis × ottawensis, Ottawa barberry Entire (smooth) 1 to 3 Subumbellate-raceme
Berberis canadensis, American barberry Serrate (toothed) 3 (or 1 with 2 long side-branches) Racemes of 5-10
Ranunculales — Berberidaceae — Berberidoideae — Berberis
Genus Berberis Barberry N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 DC.

1821. Berberis thunbergii DC.
1926. Berberis thunbergii  var. atropurpurea  Chenault
Japanese barberry
Épine-vinette du Japon
Introduced from
 eastern Asia,
Very highly invasive,
 NYIS: 91%[3],
Prohibited,
CP-2[4] NE-1[5]

NYFA: X
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 L.

1753. Berberis vulgaris L.
1845. Berberis vulgaris  var. purpurea  Bertin ex Jacques & Hérincq
1860. Berberis vulgaris  f. atropurpurea  Regel
1869. Berberis jacquinii hort. ex K.Koch
1869. Berberis sanguinea hort. ex K.Koch
Common barberry,
European barberry,
Jaundice-berry
Épine-vinette commune,
Épine-vinette,
Berbéris vulgaire,
Berbéride vulgaire
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 69%[6],
CP-3[7] NE-2[8]

NYFA: X
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 C.K.Schneid.

Berberis thunbergii ×
Berberis vulgaris

1927. Berberis × ottawensis C.K.Schneid.
Hybrid barberry,
Ottawa barberry
Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
Present in New Eng.
Clinton (2014)
NYFA: Xn
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 C.K.Schneid.

1913. Berberis julianae C.K.Schneid.
Juliana's berberis,
Wintergreen barberry,
Chinese barberry
Introduced from
 China,
Highly invasive,
NYS Tier 2,
Single population,
Not naturalized
NYFA: Suffolk
iNat: 5 counties
NYFA: X
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Genus Berberis(unlisted taxa) Barberry N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Palibin.

1899. Berberis koreana Palibin.
Korea barberry Introduced from
 Asia,
No specimens,
Present in Vermont

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 Mill.

1768. Berberis canadensis Mill.
1869. Berberis fischeri hort. ex K.Koch*
1894. Berberis angulizans hort. ex Massias
American barberry,
Allegheny barberry
N. America native

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  1. Berberis, New York Metropolitan Flora Project, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 2015
  2. Berberis thunbergii Japanese barberry, USDA Plant Pest Info
  3. New York non-native plant invasiveness assessmentBerberis thunbergii: Very highly invasive (91%).
  4. Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)
  5. Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service
  6. New York non-native plant invasiveness assessmentBerberis vulgaris: 69 (all).
  7. Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)
  8. Category 2 Plants - moderately invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service
Berberis sect. Mahonia
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Berberis aquifolium
Berberis sect. Mahonia has also been treated as a separate genus Mahonia. It contains the Oregon grape, which is native to the west coast of North America. It is considered very invasive in Europe and is known to escape cultivation throughout New York.

Also present in the southeastern part of the states is Berberis bealei (Beale's oregon-grape) which is listed as Highly Invasive/NYS Tier 2 by iMapInvasives and is considered an aggressive invader in the Southeastern United States.[1]


Ranunculales — Berberidaceae — Berberidoideae — Berberis sect. Mahonia
Genus Berberis Barberry N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Pursh) Nutt.

1813. Berberis aquifolium Pursh
1818. Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.
1906. Odostemon aquifolium (Pursh) Rydb.
1931. Mahonia diversifolia Sweet
1934. Mahonia piperiana Abrams
1939. Berberis piperiana McMinn
1940. Berberis diversifolia Steud.
Oregon grape,
Piper's Oregon-grape,
Oregon holly-grape,
Tall mahonia,
Hollyleaved barberry
Mahonia à
  feuilles de houx,
Mahonia faux-houx,
Faux-houx,
Mahonia
Introduced from
 western N. America,
N. America native,
Lower Hudson Tier 5

NYFA: Xn?
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Fortune

1850. Berberis bealei Fortune
1855. Mahonia bealei (Fortune) Carrière
1901. Mahonia japonica  var. bealei  (Fortune) Fedde
Leatherleaf mahonia
Beale's oregon-grape
Introduced from
 Asia,
Highly invasive,
NYS Tier 2[1]
iNat: 7 counties
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Family Ranunculaceae

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The Ranunculaceae...

Subfamily Hydrastoideae

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Tribe Hydrastideae

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Hydrastis
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Hydrastis canadensis

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Hydrastoideae — Hydrastideae — Hydrastis
Genus Hydrastis Goldenseal N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

Goldenseal,
Golden-seal,
Orange-root,
Yellow-puccoon
Hydraste du Canada,
Sceau d'or
Native, CoC: 9,
Threatened,
NYNHP: 2[1]

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 2

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Subfamily Coptidoideae

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Tribe Coptideae

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Coptis
[edit | edit source]
Coptis trifolia
Goldthread (Coptis trifolia)
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Coptidoideae — Coptis

Genus Coptis Goldthread N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Salisb.

1753. Helleborus trifolius L.
1771. Anemone groenlandica Oeder
1807. Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.
1929. Coptis groenlandica (Oeder) Fernald
1937. Coptis trifolia  ssp. groenlandica  (Oeder) Hultén
1947. Coptis trifolia  var. groenlandica  (Oeder) Fassett
Goldthread
Three-leaved goldthread
Threeleaf goldthread
Yellow snakeroot
Goldenroot
American goldthread
Canker-root

Savoyane
Coptide du Groenland
Coptide savoyane
Sabouillane
Native,
Secure

FACW

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5

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Tribe Xanthorhizeae

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Xanthorhiza
[edit | edit source]
Xanthorhiza simplicissima
yellowroot
Shrub yellowroot (Xanthorhiza simplicissima) is the only species of its genus and one of the few woody plants in the Ranunculaceae. It is native to the southeastern US and introduced in parts the northeast. Its naturalization status in New York is uncertain.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Coptidoideae — Xanthorhizeae
Genus Xanthorhiza Yellowroot N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Marshall

1785. Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marshall
1788. Xanthorhiza apiifolia L'Hér.
Yellowroot,
Brook-feather,
Shrub yellowroot
Introduced,
N. America native
Bronx Columbia Schenectady Suffolk Westchester
NYFA: X

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Subfamily Thalictroideae

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Tribe Aquilegieae

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Aquilegia
[edit | edit source]
Aquilegia canadensis
red columbine
Columbine (Aquilegia) includes at least 22 species that are native to western North America, but only red columbine (A. canadensis) appears to be native in the east. European columbine is also common in New York State, where it has naturalized.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Thalictroideae — Aquilegieae — Aquilegia
Genus Aquilegia Columbine N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Aquilegia canadensis L.
Wild columbine
Red columbine
Wild red columbine
Canadian columbine
Red-bell
Honeysuckle
Meeting-houses

Ancolie du Canada
Native, CoC: 5,
Secure

FACU

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5

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 L.

1753. Aquilegia vulgaris L.
European columbine Introduced

N. R.

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: X

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Enemion
[edit | edit source]
Enemion biternatum

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Thalictroideae — Aquilegieae — Enemion
Genus Enemion False-rue-anemone N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Raf.

1820. Enemion biternatum Raf.
1840. Isopyrum biternatum (Raf.) Torr. & A. Gray
False rue anemone
Eastern false rue anemone
Native, CoC: 10,
Likely extirpated,
SX, G5

FAC-FACU

Perennial,
Herb-forb
Erie (no date)
NYFA: Z
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Tribe Thalictreae

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Thalictrum
[edit | edit source]
Thalictrum pubescens
Meadow rue
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Thalictroideae — Thalictreae
Genus Thalictrumsect. Heterogamia Meadow-rue N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Thalictrum dioicum L.
1803. Thalictrum laevigatum Michx.
1832. Thalictrum pauciflorum Raf.
1885. Thalictrum pulchellum Pursh
1914. Leucocoma dioica (L.) Nieuwl.
Early meadow-rue,
Quicksilver-weed
Pigamon dioïque
Native,
Secure

NYFA: 5

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 Trel.

1886. Thalictrum venulosum Trel.
1900. Thalictrum confine Fernald
1949. Thalictrum turneri B.Boivin
1966. Thalictrum venulosum  var. confine  (Fernald) Boivin
Early meadow-rue,
Veined meadow-rue,
Veiny meadow-rue
Native,
Endangered
Clinton (1949, 1993),
Essex (1980, 1995)
NYFA: 1

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Genus Thalictrumsect. Anemonella Meadow-rue N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) A.J.Eames & B.Boivin

1753. Anemone thalictroides L.
1803. Thalictrum anemonoides Michx.
1805. Thalictrum anemoides Maxim.
1832. Syndesmon thalictroides Hoffmanns.
1839. Anemonella thalictroides Spach
1957. Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) A.J.Eames & B.Boivin
Rue anemone,
Windflower
Pigamon à ombelles
Native,
Secure

NYFA: 5

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Genus Thalictrumsect. Leucocoma Meadow-rue N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Pursh

1788. Thalictrum carolinianum Walter
1813. Anemone walteri Pursh
1814. Thalictrum pubescens Pursh
1818. Thalictrum carolinianum  var. subpubescens  DC.
1825. Thalictrum polygamum Muhl. ex Spreng.
1841. Thalictrum walteri (Pursh) Spreng. ex Steud.
1910. Thalictrum perelegans Greene
King of the meadow,
Late meadow-rue,
Tall meadow-rue,
Meadow-weed,
Muskrat-weed
Pigamon pubescent
Native,
Secure

NYFA: 5
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 DC.

    Thalictrum amphibolum Greene
    Thalictrum hepaticum Greene
    Thalictrum moseleyi Greene
Purple meadow-rue,
Skunk meadow-rue,
Wax-leaved meadow-rue,
Waxyleaf meadow-rue
Native,
Secure

NYFA: 5

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 Fisch. & Avé-Lall.

    Thalictrum dasycarpum  var. hypoglaucum
    Thalictrum hypoglaucum Rydb.
Purple meadow-rue Introduced,
N. America native

NYFA: X

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Genus Thalictrumsect. ? Meadow-rue N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

Columbine meadow-rue,
French meadow-rue,
Greater meadow-rue
Introduced,
Rare,
Eurasia native

NYFA: X

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Subfamily Ranunculoideae

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The Ranunculoideae contains the New York tribes Actaeeae, Anemoneae, Caltheae, Delphinieae, Helleboreae, Nigelleae, and Ranunculeae.[1]

Tribe Actaeeae

[edit | edit source]
The tribe Actaeeae contains the genera Actaea, Anemonopsis, Beesia, and Eranthis.[1] Of these, Actaea and Eranthis have species found outside of cultivation in New York. This tribe has also gone by the name Cimicifugeae.[2]
Actaea
[edit | edit source]
Actaea rubra
red baneberry
Here the genus Cimicifuga (bugbane) is included in Actaea (baneberry) as per Compton (1998).[1]

Berry-color alone can't be used to distinguish red and white baneberry from each other. Even at maturity, red baneberry (Actaea rubra) plants frequently have white fruit (sometimes differentiated as forma neglecta). Red or pink berries on white baneberry, Actaea pachypoda (fo. rubrocarpa), are less common and may indicate that the plant is a hybrid (Actaea ×ludovici) of the two species.

A better way to distinguish red and white baneberry is to observe the color and width of the fruit pedicels. Red baneberry has brown or greenish pedicels that are thinner than the axis of their raceme. White baneberry has bright red and much thicker pedicels that are about the same diameter as the raceme axis.[2]


Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Actaeeae — Actaea
Genus ActaeaL. Baneberry N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Aiton) Willd.

1789. Actaea spicata  var. rubra  Aiton
1809. Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd.
1838. Actaea arguta Nutt.
1857. Actaea rubra  var. arguta  (Nutt.) Torr.
1914. Christophoriana rubra (Aiton) Nieuwl.
1944. Actaea rubra  ssp. arguta  (Nutt.) Hultén
Red baneberry,
Snakeberry
Actée rouge
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure

FACU

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Heliophily: 2
Sun-shade

NYFA: 5

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 Elliott

1753. Actaea spicata  var. alba  L. nom. rej.
1768. Actaea albaauct. non (L.) Mill.
1813. Actaea americana  var. alba  (L.) Pursh
1821. Actaea pachypoda Elliott
1914. Christophoriana alba (L.) Nieuwl.
White baneberry,
Doll's-eyes,
White cohosh
Actée à gros pédicelles,
Actée blanche
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure

UPL

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Heliophily: 2
Part shade-shade

NYFA: 5

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 B.Boivin

Actaea pachypoda ×
Actaea rubra

1940. Actaea pachypoda  f. rubrocarpa  Fernald
1967. Actaea × ludovici B.Boivin
1967. Actaea × ludovicii B.Boivin
Louis’s baneberry,
Ludovic's baneberry,
Hybrid
 Red baneberry &
 White baneberry
Native,
Vulnerable

NYFA: 3-4
GBIF

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 L.
 var. racemosa

1753. Actaea racemosa L. in Sp. Pl.:504
1788. Actaea monogyna Walter in Fl. Carol.:151
1813. Cimicifuga serpentaria (L.) Pursh in Fl. Amer. Sept. 2:372, nom. illeg.
1818. Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. in Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2:15
1826. Macrotrys racemosa (L.) Sweet in Hort. Brit.:9
1828. Botrophis serpentaria Raf. in Med. Fl. 1:85, nom. superfl.
1891. Thalictrodes racemosa (L.) Kuntze}}

Black cohosh,
Black snakeroot,
Bugbane,
Black baneberry,
Black bugbane,
Fairy candle
Cimicaire à grappes
Native, CoC: 7,
Likely secure,
S4

UPL

Perennial,
Herb/forb,
Heliophily: 3
Part-full shade,
2n = 16

NYFA: 4

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Genus ActaeaL.(excluded taxa) Bugbane N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
DC.

1803. Cimicifuga americana Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1:316
1813. Cimicifuga cordifolia Pursh in Fl. Amer. Sept. 2:373, nom. superfl.
1817. Actaea podocarpa DC. in Syst. Nat. 1:282
1821. Cimicifuga podocarpa (DC.) Elliott in Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2:16
1838. Actaea pentacarpa Michx. ex Torr. & A.Gray in Fl. N. Amer. 1:39
1887. Actaea americana (Michx.) Prantl in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9:246, nom. illeg.
1891. Thalictrodes americana (Michx.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1:4

Mountain bugbane,
Mountain black cohosh
N. America native,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

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 (Kearney) Kartesz

1897. Cimicifuga rubifolia Kearney
1999. Actaea rubifolia Kartesz
 auct. Actaea cordifolia non DC.
 auct. Cimicifuga racemosa  var. cordifolia  non (DC.) A.Gray
 auct. Cimicifuga cordifolia non (DC.) Torr. & A.Gray
Appalachian bugbane Introduced,
US South native

NYFA: 0

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Eranthis
[edit | edit source]
Eranthis hyemalis
winter aconite
Winter aconite (Eranthis hyemalis) is native to parts of Europe and is cultivated elsewhere, including New York. It occasionally spreads into adjacent lawns but is not known to truly naturalize in New York.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Actaeeae — Eranthis
Genus Eranthis Eranthis N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(L.) Salisb.

    Cammarum hyemale
    Eranthis cilicicus
    Eranthis × tubergenii
    Helleborus hyemalis
Winter aconite Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Not naturalized

NYFA: Cayuga, Ulster

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Tribe Caltheae

[edit | edit source]
Caltha
[edit | edit source]
Caltha palustris L.
marsh marigold

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Caltheae — Caltha
Genus Caltha Marsh-marigold N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Caltha palustris L.
1807. Caltha radicans T.F.Forst.
1818. Caltha asarifolia DC.
1824. Caltha arctica R.Brown
1854. Caltha cornuta Schott, Nyman & Kotschy
1854. Caltha laeta Schott, Nyman & Kotschy
Marsh marigold,
Yellow marsh marigold,
Cowslip,
Cowflock,
Kingcup
Populage des marais,
Souci d'eau
Native,
Secure

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5

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Trollius
[edit | edit source]
Trollius laxus
American globe-flower
Most of the known populations of American globe-flower are found in open parts of calcareous wetlands in central New York State.[1]
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Caltheae — Trollius
Genus Trollius Globeflower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Salisb.
 ssp. laxus

1807. Trollius laxus Salisb.
1818. Trollius americanus Muhl. ex DC.
1971. Trollius laxus  ssp. laxus
American globe-flower,
Spreading globeflower
Native, CoC: 9,
Rare,
NYNHP: S3[1]

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Part shade

NYFA: 3

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Adonis
[edit | edit source]
Adonis aestivalis
Cultivated only
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Caltheae — Adonis
Genus Adonis Pheasant's eye N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.

1762. Adonis aestivalis L.
Summer adonis,
Summer pheasant's eye
Introduced,
Not naturalized

NYFA: Richmond 1883

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Genus Adonis(excluded taxa) Pheasant's eye N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT

Blooddrops Introduced,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

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Spring pheasant's eye,
Spring adonis,
Ox-eye
Introduced,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

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Tribe Delphinieae

[edit | edit source]
Recent phylogenetic research has shown the genera Consolida and Aconitella to be embedded within Delphinium as an annual clade within an otherwise perennial genus.[1]
  1. Florian Jabbour & Susanne S. Renner (2011) "Consolida and Aconitella are an annual clade of Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) that diversified in the Mediterranean basin and the Irano-Turanian region." TAXON 60(4), August 2011:1029-1040
Aconitum
[edit | edit source]
Aconitum noveboracense
northern monkshood
The only native member of the Delphinieae (syn. Aconiteae) is the endangered northern blue monkshood, which as Aconitum noveboracense is found in only Iowa, New York, Ohio, and Wisconsin. A. noveboracense has been treated as synonymous with Aconitum columbianum ssp. columbianum (Columbia monkshood), which is native to much of western North America.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Delphinieae — Aconitum
Genus Aconitum Monkshood N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 A.Gray

1838. A. columbianum  var. columbianum  misapplied
1886. A. noveboracense A.Gray ex Coville
1929. A. noveboracense  var. quasiciliatum  Fassett
1964. A. uncinatum  ssp. noveboracense  (A. Gray) Hardin
Northern blue monkshood,
Northern wild monkshood,
Northern monk's-hood,
New York monkshood,
Columbia monkshood
Aconit du Columbia
Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1],
FWS: 1,
NYNHP: 1[2]
Chenango, (Delaware), Sullivan, Ulster
NYFA: 1
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 L.

1753. Aconitum napellus L.
Garden monkshood,
Venus' chariot
Introduced from
 Europe,
Naturalized
(Broome), Clinton, (Monroe), Otsego, Tompkins
NYFA: X
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Genus Aconitum(excluded taxa) Monkshood N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1762. Aconitum uncinatum L.
1818. Aconitum uncinatum  var. muticum  DC.
1942. Aconitum uncinatum  var. acutidens  Fernald
1964. Aconitum uncinatum  ssp. muticum  (DC.) Hardin
Wild monkshood,
Southern blue monkshood
Introduced,
N. America native

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb
No NY reports
(reports in MA & PA)
NYFA: 0

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Delphinium
[edit | edit source]
Larkspur species, previously listed in the Consolida genus are annuals that are now considered to be a clade embedded the perennial Delphinium genus.[1]

Although there were more than sixty Delphinium species native to North America before inclusion of Consolida, none are considered to be native to New York or New England, and none had been reported to have naturalized in New York.[2] The only naturalized Delphinium species in New England is Delphinium exaltatum,[3] which is native to an area that extends as far northeast as northeastern Ohio and southwestern Pennsylvania.[4] Delphinium exaltatum is also distribuded in New York in the "native plant" trade.[5]


Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Delphinieae — Delphinium
Genus Delphinium Larkspur N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Delphinium ajacis L.
1853. Consolida ajacei (L.) Schur
 auct. Delphinium ambigua non L.
 auct. Consolida ambigua non (L.) P.W.Ball & Heywood
Doubtful knight's-spur,
Rocket larkspur,
Ajax' larkspur
Pied-d'alouette d'Ajax,
Dauphinelle d'Ajax
Introduced

Annual,
Herb-forb

NYFA: X

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 L.

1753. Delphinium consolida  L.
1822. Consolida regalis  Gray
Forking larkspur,
Royal larkspur,
Rocket larkspur,
Field larkspur
Pied-d'alouette royal,
Dauphinelle consoude,
Pied d'alouette
Introduced

Annual,
Herb-forb

NYFA: X

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Genus Delphinium(excluded taxa) Larkspur N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Boiss. & A.Huet.

1856. D. formosum Boiss. & A.Huet.
Hardy larkspur,
Showy larkspur
Introduced from
 western Asia,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

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 Aiton

1786. Delphinium urceolatum Jacq.
1789. Delphinium exaltatum Aiton
1803. Delphinium tridactylum Michx.
1830. Delphinium exaltatum (Aiton) Raf.
1914. Delphinastrum exaltatumin…
Tall larkspur Introduced,
US South native,
No reports

Perennial,
Forb-herb

NYFA: 0

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Tribe Nigelleae

[edit | edit source]
Nigella
[edit | edit source]
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Nigelleae — Nigella
Genus Nigella Nigella N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Nigella damascena  L.
Love-in-a-mist,
Devil-in-the-bush,
Jack-in-the-green,
Wild fennel,
Damascus hellebore
Nigelle de Damas
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa

Annual,
Herb-forb

NYFA: X

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Tribe Helleboreae

[edit | edit source]

The Helleboreae...[1]

Helleborus
[edit | edit source]
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Helleboreae
Genus HelleborusL.sect. Helleborus Hellebore N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Helleborus niger  L.
Black hellebore,
Christmas rose
Hellébore noire,
Rose de Noël
Introduced from
 Europe

NYFA: X

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Genus HelleborusL.sect. Helleborastrum Hellebore N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Helleborus viridis  L.
Green hellebore Introduced from
 Europe

NYFA: X

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Lenten Rose Introduced from
 Greece, Turkey

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Genus HelleborusL.sect. Griphopus Hellebore N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT

Stinking hellebore
Setterwort
Dungwort
Introduced from
 Eurasia

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  1. H. Sun, et al. (2001) "Molecular phylogeny of Helleborus (Ranunculaceae), with an emphasis on the East Asian-Mediterranean disjunction." Taxon 50:1001–1018.

Tribe Anemoneae

[edit | edit source]
The grouping of Anemoneae used here is based on Mosyakin (2016).[1] and Hoot & al. (2012)[2]
Hepatica
[edit | edit source]
Hepatica acutiloba
Because the genus Hepatica Mill. (1754) has been shown to be phylogenetically embedded within Anemone is has also been treated as Anemone sect. Hepatica.[1] The two New York Hepatica species (sharp-lobe and round-lobe hepatica) are also occasionally treated as subspecies of the Eurasian Hepatica nobilis (as var. acuta and var. obtusa).
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Anemoneae — Hepatica
Genus HepaticaMill. Hepatica N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 DC.

1813. Hepatica triloba  var. acuta  Pursh
1824. Hepatica acutiloba  DC.
1884. Anemone acutiloba  (DC.) G.Lawson
1891. Hepatica acuta  (Pursh) Britton
1916. Hepatica hepatica  var. albiflora  (R.Hoffm.) Farw.
1960. Hepatica nobilis  var. acuta  (Pursh) Steyerm.
Sharplobe hepatica,
American liverleaf,
Liverwort-herb,
Sharp-lobed hepatica
Native
 eastern Canada
 north-central & eastern USA,
Secure

NYFA: 5
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 (DC.) Ker Gawl.

1814. Hepatica triloba  var. obtusa  Pursh
1817. Hepatica triloba  var. americana  DC.
1819. Hepatica americana  (DC.) Ker Gawl.
1882. Hepatica hepatica  (L.) H. Karst. p.p.
1958. Anemone americana  (DC.) H.Hara
1960. Hepatica nobilis  var. obtusa  Steyerm.
Round-lobed hepatica,
Blunt-lobed Hepatica,
Round-leaved liverleaf,
American liverleaf
Hépatique d'Amérique,
Anémone d'Amérique,
Hépatique noble
Native
 eastern Canada
 north-central & eastern USA,
Secure

NYFA: 5
iNat
GBIF

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Anemonastrum
[edit | edit source]
Anemonastrum canadense
Based on phylogenetic studies, Anemonastrum was segregated from Anemone by Sergei Mosyakin in 2016[1]
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Anemoneae — Anemonastrum
Genus Anemonastrum Windflower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Mosyakin

1768. Anemone canadensis L.
1892. Anemone dichotoma  var. canadensis  C.MacMill.
1982. Anemonidium canadense (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve
2016. Anemonastrum canadense (L.) Mosyakin
Canada anemone,
Canadian anemone,
Canada windflower,
Meadow anemone,
Meadow windflower,
Round-leaved anemone,
Round-leaved thimbleweed
Anémone du Canada
Native,
Secure

NYFA: 5

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Anemonoides
[edit | edit source]
Anemonoides quinquefolia
The genus Anemonoides has until recently been included in genus Anemone, though many sources, including the New York Flora Atlas, continue to list it as part of Anemone.

The North American species A. quinquefolia has at various times been treated as a variety of the European species A. nemorosa. Although they are fairly similar, they are now generally treated as separate species.

A. nemorosa is not listed in the New York Flora Atlas but is commonly planted in North America, where it occasionally naturalizes.

Even though quinquefolia should indicate 5 leaves, wood anemone has only 3 leaflets per leaf.


Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Anemoneae — Anemonoides
Genus Anemonoides Anemone N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Holub
 var. quinquefolia

1753. Anemone quinquefolia  L.
1808. Anemone pedata  Raf.
1813. Anemone nemorosa  var. quinquefolia  (L.) Pursh
1914. Anemonanthea quinquefolia  (L.) Nieuwl.
1923. Anemone quinquefolia  var. bifolia  Farw.
1935. Anemone quinquefolia  var. interior  Fernald
1968. Anemone nemorosa  var. bifolia  (Farw.) B.Boivin
1973. Anemonoides quinquefolia  (L.) Holub
Wood anemone,
Nightcaps,
American wood anemone,
Wood windflower
Anémone à cinq folioles
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure

NYFA: 5

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(L.) Holub

1753. Anemone nemorosa L.
1763. Anemone nemorosa-alba Crantz
1789. Pulsatilla nemorosa (L.) Schrank
1822. Anemonanthea nemorosa (L.) Gray
1842. Anemone pentaphylla Hook. ex Pritz.
1868. Anemanthus nemorosus (L.) Fourr.
1973. Anemonoides nemorosa (L.) Holub
Wood anemone
Windflower
European thimbleweed
Introduced from
 Europe to western Asia

NYFA: 0 counties
0 counties

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Anemone
[edit | edit source]
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Anemoneae — Anemone subg. Anemone
Genus Anemone Anemone N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Anemone virginiana L.
1841. Anemone cylindrica  var. alba  Oakes
1847. Anemone virginiana  var. alba  (Oakes) Wood
1899. Anemone riparia Fernald
1967. Anemone virginiana  var. riparia  (Fernald) B.Boivin
1969. Anemone virginiana  var. cylindroidea  B.Boivin
1969. Anemone virginiana  var. virginiana  autonym
Thimbleweed,
Tall anemone,
Tall thimbleweed,
Tall windflower,
Virginia anemone,
Riverbank anemone,
Cylindrical anemone
Anémone de Virginie,
Anémone cylindroïde,
Anémone blanche
Native, CoC: 5,
Secure

NYFA: 5

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 A.Gray

1835. Anemone cylindrica A.Gray
Long-headed anemone,
Long-headed windflower,
Long-fruited anemone,
Candle anemone,
Thimbleweed,
Cottonweed
Anémone cylindrique
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure

NYFA: 5

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 Poir.
 var. multifida

    Anemone globosa
    Anemone hudsoniana
Hudson Bay anemone,
Hudson's anemone,
Pacific anemone,
Sanson's anemone
Native, CoC: 10,
Likely extirpated

NYFA: Z

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Genus Anemone(excluded taxa) Anemone N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
A. cylindrica × virginiana

Anemone cylindrica ×
Anemone virginiana

Hybrid of
 long-headed anemone &
 thimbleweed
N. America native,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

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Clematis
[edit | edit source]
Clematis virginiana
Clematis plants are generally vines or subshrubs that go by the common names virgin's-bower, leather-leaf, curly-heads or just clematis.

There are three NY-native Clematis species that range from the common (sometimes weedy) C. virginiana, to the rare (probably extirpated) C. ochroleuca, which is at the extreme northern extent of its range in New York has only been found in the wilds of New York City, and not reported there since the 1930's.

Many non-native Clematis vines are planted for ornamental purposes, but most rarely, if ever, naturalize in New York State. However, C. terniflora has been found to be highly invasive in parts of New York, and is currently on the state's Regulated Species list.[1]


Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Anemoneae — Clematis
Genus Clematissubg. Clematis Virgin's-bower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1755. Clematis virginiana  L.
1768. Clematis canadensis  Miller
1814. Clematis holosericea  Pursh
1885. Clematis dioica  ssp. virginiana  Kunze
1901. Clematis missouriensis  Rydb.
1935. Clematis virginiana  var. missouriensis  (Rydb.) E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.
Virgin's-bower,
Devil's darning needles,
Virginia clematis,
Virginia bower,
Virginia virgin's bower,
Old man's beard
Clématite de Virginie,
Herbe aux gueux
Native, CoC: 3,
Secure

FAC

Perennial,
Vine, subshrub,
Sun - shade

NYFA: 5

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Genus Clematissubg. Atragene Virgin's-bower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Hornem.) DC.
 var. occidentalis

1805. Atragene americana  Sims
1815. Atragene occidentalis  Hornem.
1817. Clematis verticillaris  DC.
1824. Clematis occidentalis  DC.
1947. Clematis verticillaris  var. cacuminis  Fernald
1968. Clematis verticillaris  var. grandiflora  B.Boivin
Purple clematis,
Purple virgin’s-bower,
Western blue virginsbower,
Northern blue clematis
Clématite verticillée,
Atragène d'Amérique,
Clématite occidentale
Native, CoC: 9,
Likely secure

UPL

Perennial,
Vine, subshrub,
Part shade - shade

NYFA: 4

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Genus Clematissubg. Viorna Virgin's-bower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Aiton

1789. Clematis ochroleuca  Aiton
1814. Clematis ovata  Pursh
1885. Clematis integrifolia  ssp. ovata  (Pursh) Kuntze
1903. Viorna ochroleuca  (Aiton) Small
1903. Viorna ovata  (Pursh) Small (i)
1931. Clematis ochroleuca  var. ovata  (Pursh) Wherry
1982. Coriflora ochroleuca  (Aiton) W.A.Weber
Curlyheads,
Curly-heads,
Silky leather-flower,
Erect silky leather-flower
Native, CoC: 10,
Likely extirpated,
Impersistent

UPL

Perennial,
Herb-subshrub

NYFA: Z

USDA-N0
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Genus Clematissubg. Flammula Virgin's-bower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 DC.

1817. Clematis terniflora  DC.
1909. Clematis dioscoreifolia  H.Lév. & Vaniot
1945. Clematis dioscoreifolia  var. robusta  (Carrière) Rehder
Yam-leaved clematis,
Yam-leaved virgin's-bower,
Sweet autumn clematis,
Sweet autumn virginsbower,
Japanese virgin's-bower
Clématite à panicules
Introduced from
 Asia,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS: 73%[1],
Regulated[2]

FACU-UPL

Perennial,
Vine, subshrub

NYFA: X

USDA-XX
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L.

1753. Clematis Viticella  L.
1903. Viticella viticella  (L.) Small (nom. illeg. - tautonym)
1949. Clematis viticella  f. purpurea  (Loudon) Rehder
European purple clematis,
Italian clematis,
Italian leather flower,
Italian virgin's-bower
Clématite fausse-vigne,
Clématite bleue
Introduced from
 Eruasia,
Impersistent,
Rare

Perennial,
Vine

NYFA: X

USDA-XX
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 L.

Ground virgin's-bower Introduced,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

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Tribe Ranunculeae

[edit | edit source]

The Ranunculeae...

Halerpestes
[edit | edit source]
Halerpestes cymbalaria
The seaside buttercup [1]
  1. Hörandl, Elvira; Paun, Ovidiu; Johansson, Jan T.; Lehnebach, Carlos; Armstrong, Tristan; Chen, Lixue; Lockhart, Peter (2005). "Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary traits in Ranunculus s.l. (Ranunculaceae) inferred from ITS sequence analysis". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 36 (2): 305–327. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.02.009. PMID 15955512.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Halerpestes
Genus Halerpestes Seaside crowfoot N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Pursh) Greene

1814. Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh
1900. Halerpestes cymbalaria (Pursh) Greene
1975. Cyrtorhyncha cymbalaria  ssp. alpina  (Hook.) Á.Löve & D.Löve
Alkali buttercup,
Seaside buttercup,
Seaside crowfoot
Renoncule cymbalaire
Native,
Endangered

NYFA: 1

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Ceratocephala
[edit | edit source]
Ceratocephala testiculata,
curveseed butterwort
Ceratocephala testiculata (curveseed butterwort) is a Eurasian introduction, more common in the western U.S., where it is often considered invasive.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ceratocephala
Genus Ceratocephala Curveseed-butterwort N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Crantz) Roth

1763. Ranunculus testiculatus Crantz
1817. Ceratocephala orthoceras DC.
1821. Ceratocephala testiculata (Crantz) Besser
1880. Ranunculus falcatus  var. orthoceras  Aitch.
1888. Ceratocephala falcata  ssp. orthoceras  (DC.) Batt.
Sage buttercup,
Curve-seeded butterwort,
Bur buttercup,
Hornseed buttercup
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Naturalized

NYFA: X
NYFA: Orange County only
iNat
Erie County only

USDA-X
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Ficaria
[edit | edit source]
Ficaria verna, lesser calandine
Ficaria verna (lesser celandine) is a Eurasian groundcover that is considered to be invasive where it occurs in forested floodplains in North America.[1] Its sale is now prohibited in New York State.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ficaria
Genus Ficaria Celandine N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Huds.
 ssp. verna

1753. Ranunculus ficaria L.
1762. Ficaria verna Huds.
1882. Ficaria ficaria H. Karst. nom. illeg.
1908. Ranunculus ficaria  var. bulbifer  Albert
1981. Ranunculus ficaria  ssp. bulbifer  Lambinon
Lesser celandine,
Fig buttercup,
Fig-crowfoot,
Pilewort
Introduced,
Very highly invasive,
 NYIS: 86%[1],
Prohibited[2]

NYFA: X
NYFA: 14 counties
iNat
most counties

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Ranunculus
[edit | edit source]
Ranunculus subg. Batrachium
[edit | edit source]
Ranunculus longirostris

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus subg. Batrachium
Genus Ranunculussubg. Batrachium White water buttercup N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Godr.

1786. R. trichophyllus Chaix nom. nud.
 auct. R. circinatusnon Sibth. (1794)
1795. R. flaccidus Pers.
1796. R. aquatilis  var. diffusus  With.misapplied
1823. R. amphibius James
1839. R. longirostris Godr.
1839. Batrachium circinatum Spach
1844. B. longirostre F.W.Schultz
1848. B. trichophyllum F.W.Schultz
1869. B. flaccidum (Pers.) Rupr.
1884. R. aquatilis  var. longirostris  G.Lawson
1942. R. aquatilis  var. calvescens  L.D.Benson
Long-beaked white water buttercup,
Longbeak buttercup,
Thread-leaved water buttercup,
Hair-leaved water buttercup
Renoncule à long bec,
Renoncule à feuilles capillaires,
Renoncule à feuilles chevelues,
Renoncule à lâche
Native, CoC: 9,
Secure

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5

USDA-N0
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Chaix ex Vill.

1786. Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix ex Vill.
1796. Ranunculus aquatilis  var. diffusus  With.
1824. Ranunculus aquatilis  var. capillaceus  (Thuill.) DC. misapplied
1850. Batrachium trichophyllum (Chaix ex Vill.) Bosch
1936. Ranunculus trichophyllus  var. calvescens  W.B. Drew
1942. Ranunculus aquatilis  var. calvescens  (W.B. Drew) L.D. Benson
White water buttercup
Thread-leaved water-crowfoot

Renoncule capillaire
Native,
Secure

OBL

NYFA: 5

VASCAN
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Wikispecies
Genus Ranunculussubg. Batrachium(excluded taxa) White water-crowfoot N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Sibth.

1794. Ranunculus circinatus Sibth.
1839. Batrachium circinatum (Sibth.) Spach
1937. Batrachium foeniculaceum (Gilib.) Krecz.
 auct. Ranunculus longirostris non Godr.
White water-crowfoot Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
excluded
NYFA-Excluded

USDA-AUCT
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Wikispecies
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus
[edit | edit source]
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus
Genus Ranunculussubg. Ranunculussect. Ranunculus Buttercup N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.f.

1781. Ranunculus pensylvanicus L.f.
Pennsylvania buttercup,
Bristly buttercup,
Bristly crowfoot
Renoncule de Pennsylvanie
Native, CoC: 2,
Secure

OBL

Annual/Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5
iNat

USDA-NN
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 Poir. ex Lam.
 var. recurvatus

1804. Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. ex Lam.
1929. Ranunculus recurvatus  var. adpressipilis  Weath.
Blisterwort,
Hooked buttercup,
Hooked crowfoot,
Rough buttercup,
Little-leaved buttercup
Renoncule à bec recourbé
Native, CoC: 6,
Secure

NYFA: 5
iNat

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 Greene

1903. Ranunculus caricetorum Greene
1906. Ranunculus siciformis Mack.
1936. Ranunculus septentrionalis  var. caricetorum  Fernald
1980. Ranunculus hispidus  var. caricetorum  T.Duncan
 auct. Ranunculus septentrionalis non Poir.
Bristly buttercup,
Swamp buttercup,
Swamp crowfoot,
Northern swamp buttercup,
Marsh buttercup
Renoncule des cariçaies
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure

NYFA: 5
iNat

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 Michx.

1803. Ranunculus hispidus Michx.
1920. Ranunculus hispidus  var. falsus  Fernald
1941. Ranunculus hispidus  var. eurylobus  L.D.Benson
1948. Ranunculus hispidus  var. greenmanii  L.D.Benson
1948. Ranunculus hispidus  var. marilandicus  L.D.Benson
1948. Ranunculus hispidus  var. typicus  L.D.Benson
Bristly buttercup,
Hispid buttercup,
Rough buttercup,
Hispid crowfoot
Renoncule hispide
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5
iNat

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 Michx.
var. nitidus (Muhl. ex Chapm.) T.Duncan

1804. Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir.
1817. Ranunculus carolinianus DC.
1821. Ranunculus palmatus Elliott
1860. Ranunculus repens  var. nitidus  Muhl. ex Chapm.
1860. Ranunculus septentrionalis  var. nitidus  Chapm.
1941. Ranunculus septentrionalis  var. pterocarpus  L.D.Benson
1980. Ranunculus hispidus  var. nitidus  T. Duncan
Swamp buttercup,
Bristly buttercup,
Hispid buttercup
Renoncule brillante
Native, CoC: 8,
Endangered

NYFA: 1
iNat

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 Muhl. ex Bigelow

    Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl. ex Bigelow
Early buttercup,
Early crowfoot
Native, CoC: 8,
Secure

NYFA: 5
iNat

USDA-N
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Tall buttercup,
Tall butter-cup,
Tall crowfoot,
Tall crow-foot,
Common buttercup,
Meadow buttercup
Introduced from
 Eurasia, Alaska,
 Greenland,
Potentially invasive,
Naturalized,
SNA, G5

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: X
iNat

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Bulbous butter-cup,
St. Anthony's turnip
Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
SNA, GNR

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: X
iNat

USDA-X
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Creeping butter-cup Introduced,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 63%%[1],
NYS Untiered,
Finger Lakes Tier 4

NYFA: X
iNat

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Genus Ranunculussubg. Ranunculussect. Ranunculus(excluded taxa) Buttercup N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Viv.

Introduced,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
iNat

USDA-EXCLD
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Wikispecies
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Echinella
[edit | edit source]

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Echinella
Genus Ranunculussubg. Ranunculussect. Echinella Buttercup N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Crantz

1763. Ranunculus sardous Crantz
1767. Ranunculus parvulus L.
1783. Ranunculus philonotis Ehrh.
Hairy buttercup
Hairy crowfoot
Introduced,
Impersistent,
Not naturalized

FAC

Biennial,
Herb-forb
Madison, Monroe, New York, Oswego, St. Lawrence, Steuben
NYFA: X

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Corn crowfoot,
Corn buttercup
Introduced,
Impersistent,
Not naturalized

FAC

Biennial,
Herb-forb
Monroe, New York
NYFA: X

USDA-X
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Wikispecies
Genus Ranunculussubg. Ranunculussect. Echinella(excluded taxa) Buttercup N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

Smallflower buttercup,
Small-flowered butter-cup
Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
excluded
NYFA-Excluded

USDA-XX
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Wikispecies
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Epirotes
[edit | edit source]
Ranunculus abortivus
kidney-leaved buttercup

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Epirotes
Genus Ranunculussubg. Ranunculussect. Epirotes Buttercup N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.

1753. Ranunculus abortivus  L.
Kidney-leaved crowfoot,
Little-leaved buttercup
Native, CoC: 6,
Secure,
S5

FAC-FACW

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5

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Britton

1895. Ranunculus allegheniensis Britton
Allegheny mountains crowfoot,
Allegheny Mountain buttercup
Native, CoC: 6,
Likely secure,
S4, G4-5

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 4

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 Nutt.

1838. Ranunculus micranthus Nutt.
Small-flowered crowfoot,
Rock crowfoot,
Rock buttercup
Native, CoC: 8,
Rare,
S3, G5

FACU

Perennial,
Herb-forb
Bronx, Columbia, Orange, Putnam, Rockland, Suffolk, Ulster, Westchester
NYFA: 3

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Genus Ranunculussubg. Ranunculussect. Epirotes(excluded taxa) Buttercup N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Wahlenb.

1812. Ranunculus pygmaeus Wahlenb.
1884. Ranunculus pygmaeus  var. langeanus  Nath.
1948. Ranunculus pygmaeus  var. typicus  L.D.Benson
Dwarf buttercup,
Pygmy buttercup
N. America native,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

USDA-NN
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Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Flammula
[edit | edit source]
Ranunculus flammula var. reptans

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Flammula
Genus Ranunculussubg. Ranunculussect. Flammula Spearwort N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 var. reptans (L.) E. Mey.

1753. Ranunculus reptans  L.
1803. Ranunculus filiformis  Michx.
1829. Ranunculus flammula  var. filiformis  (Michx.) Hook.
1830. Ranunculus flammula  var. reptans  (L.) E. Mey.
Narrow-leaved
  creeping spearwort,
Greater creeping spearwort
Renoncule radicante,
Renoncule rampante
Native, CoC: 8,
Secure,
S5, G5

FACW

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5

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 L.
 var. ovalis (J.M.Bigelow) L.D.Benson

1753. Ranunculus flammula  L. misapplied
1824. Ranunculus filiformis  var. ovalis  J.M.Bigelow
1838. Ranunculus reptans  var. ovalis  (J.M.Bigelow) Torr. & A.Gray
1942. Ranunculus flammula  var. ovalis  (J.M.Bigelow) L.D.Benson
1942. Ranunculus flammula  var. samolifolius  (Greene) L.D.Benson
Wider-leaved
  creeping spearwort,
Lesser spearwort
Renoncule ovée
Native, CoC: 10,
Not yet ranked

FACW,
Herb-forb
Cayuga, Jefferson, Livingston, St. Lawrence
NYFA: 3-5

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S.Watson

1808. Ranunculus obtusiusculus  Raf. (misapplied)
1878. Ranunculus ambigens  S.Watson
American spearwort
American crowfoot
Water-plantain spearwort
Native, CoC: 10,
Especially vulnerable,
S1-S2, G4

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 4-5

USDA-N0
Images
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Poir.

1804. Ranunculus pusillus  Poir.
1821. Ranunculus oblongifolius  Elliott
1901. Ranunculus tener  C.Mohr
1942. Ranunculus pusillus  var. angustifolius  (Engelm.) L.D.Benson
Low spearwort,
Pursh buttercup
Native, CoC: 10,
Likely extirpated,
G5

OBL

Annual,
Herb-forb
Nassau, Queens, Richmond, Westchester
NYFA: X

USDA-N0
Images
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Genus Ranunculussubg. Ranunculussect. Flammula(excluded taxa) Buttercup N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.
 var. flammula

1753. Ranunculus flammula  L.
1840. Ranunculus flammula  var. angustifolius  Wallr.
Lesser spearwort
Renoncule flammette
N. America native,
N.Y. excluded
excluded
NYFA-Excluded

USDA-NN
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Wikispecies
(Torr. & A.Gray) Darby

1838. Ranunculus flammula  var. laxicaulis  Torr. & A.Gray
1841. Ranunculus laxicaulis  (Torr.& A.Gray) Darby
1845. Ranunculus texensis  Engelm.
1900. Ranunculus mississippiensis  Small
1942. Ranunculus laxicaulis  var. mississippiensis  (Small) L.D.Benson
1971. Ranunculus subcordatus  E.O.Beal
Mississippi buttercup N. America native,
N.Y. excluded

OBL

Annual,
Herb-forb
excluded
NYFA-Excluded

USDA-N0
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Wikispecies
Poir.

1951. Ranunculus bonariensis  Poir.
Carter's buttercup N. America native,
N.Y. excluded
excluded
NYFA-Excluded

USDA-N0
Images
Wikispecies
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Hecatonia
[edit | edit source]
Ranunculus flabellaris
yellow water buttercup

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Hecatonia
Genus Ranunculussubg. Ranunculussect. Hecatonia Buttercup N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Raf.

1818. R. flabellaris Raf.
1818. R. delphiniifolius Torr. ex Eaton
1818. R. delphinifolius Torr. ex Eaton
Yellow water butter-cup,
Yellow water buttercup,
Yellow water crowfoot
Renoncule à évantails
Native, CoC: 8,
Secure

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5

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 L.
 var. sceleratus

1753. Ranunculus sceleratus L.
Cursed butter-cup,
Cursed buttercup,
Cursed crow-foot,
Cursed crowsfoot,
Blisterwort
Renoncule scélérate
Native, CoC: 3,
Unranked

OBL

Annual,
Herb-forb

NYFA: X

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Family Papaveraceae

[edit | edit source]

The Papaveraceae (poppy family)...

Subfamily Papaveroideae

[edit | edit source]

Tribe Papavereae

[edit | edit source]
Argemone
[edit | edit source]

Argemone (AR-ge-mon-ee)

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Papavereae — Argemone
Genus Argemone Pricklypoppy N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 ssp. albiflora

White prickly-poppy,
Bluestem prickly-poppy,
Texas prickly-poppy
Introduced,
N. America native

NYFA: X

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Mexican prickly-poppy Introduced,
N. America native

NYFA: X

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Wikispecies
Papaver
[edit | edit source]

Papaver (puh-PAY-ver)

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Papavereae — Papaver
Genus Papaver Poppy N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

Opium poppy,
Common poppy
Introduced

NYFA: X

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 L.

Common poppy,
Corn poppy,
Field poppy,
Flanders poppy
Introduced

NYFA: X

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 L.

Blindeyes,
Long-podded poppy,
Long-headed poppy
Introduced,
Rare

NYFA: X

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 L.

Long pricklyhead poppy,
Pale rough-fruited poppy
Introduced

NYFA: X

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Genus Papaver(excluded taxa) Poppy N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Ball) Coss.

1873. Papaver rupifragum  var. atlanticum  Ball.
1882. Papaver atlanticum  (Ball) Coss.
1932. Papaver rupifragum  ssp. atlanticum  (Ball) Maire
Atlas poppy,
Moroccan poppy,
Spanish poppy
Introduced,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

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 Boiss. & Hausskn.

Tulip poppy Introduced,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

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 L.

1753. Papaver orientale  L.
Oriental poppy Introduced,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

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Tribe Chelidonieae

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Sanguinaria
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Sanguinaria canadensis
bloodroot

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Chelidonieae — Sanguinaria
Genus Sanguinaria Bloodroot N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Sanguinaria canadensis  L.
1905. Sanguinaria australis  Greene
1905. Sanguinaria dilleniana  Greene
1909. Sanguinaria canadensis  var. rotundifolia  (Greene) Fedde
Bloodroot,
Puccoon-root,
Red puccoon
Sanguinaire du Canada,
Sang-dragon
Native, CoC: 6,
Likely secure

FACU-UPL

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Part shade - shade

NYFA: 4

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Stylophorum
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Stylophorum diphyllum
The only New World Stylophorum species is Stylophorum diphyllum, Celandine poppy, which is native to the Midwest section of the US. It is cultivated but not known to naturalize in New York. It closely resembles the Old-World Chelidonium majus (greater celandine).
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Chelidonieae — Stylophorum
Genus Stylophorum Celandine-poppy N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Michx.) Nutt.

1803. Chelidonium diphyllum Michx.
1818. Stylophorum diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt.
1825. Stylophorum ohiense Spreng.
Celandine-poppy,
Wood-poppy,
Mock poppy,
Yellow poppy,
Yellow wood poppy
Introduced from
 Midwest,
N. America native,
Cultivated only,
Not naturalized

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Part shade - shade

NYFA: Xnn

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Chelidonium
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Chelidonium majus
Chelidonium majus, Greater Celandine, is widely regarded as a weed in North America and is listed as invasive in some states. It is also poisonous to mammals.
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Chelidonieae — Chelidonium
Genus Chelidonium Celandine N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.

1753. Chelidonium majus  L.
1821. Chelidonium majus  var. grandiflorum  DC.
1824. Chelidonium grandiflorum  (DC.) DC.
1921. Chelidonium majus  ssp. grandiflorum  (DC.) Printz
Greater celandine
Great celandine
Celandine
Nipplewort
Swallowwort
Rock poppy

Grande chélidoine
Chélidoine
Chélidoine herbe-aux-verrues
Chélidoine majeure
Éclaire
Grande éclaire
Herbe aux verrues
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Potentially invasive,
Naturalized,
IPANEIPAUS,
eXtension

Biennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: X

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Macleaya
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Macleaya cordata
Plume poppies (genus Macleaya) consist of only a couple Asian species, of which Macleaya cordata is known to have naturalized in New York State.[1]
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Chelidonieae — Macleaya
Genus Macleaya Plume poppy N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Willd.) R.Br.

1799. Bocconia cordata Willd.
1826. Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R.Br.
1866. Macleaya yedoensis André
1909. Macleaya cordata  var. yedoensis  (André) Fedde
Plume poppy,
Plume-poppy,
Tree-celandine
Macléaya à feuilles cordées
Introduced from
 temperate Asia,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS Tier: High-2,
 Invasive.org: 0,
 USGS: L48 established,
Naturalized,
SNA, GNR

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: X
NYFA: 8 counties
iNat
9 counties

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Glaucium
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Glaucium flavum

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Chelidonieae — Glaucium
Genus Glaucium Hornpoppy N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Crantz

1753. Chelidonium glaucium  L.
1763. Glaucium flavum  Crantz
1771. Glaucium luteum  Scop.
1887. Glaucium corniculatum  var. flavum  (Crantz) Kuntze
Yellow horned-poppy,
Yellow horn-poppy,
Horned-poppy,
Sea-poppy
Glaucienne jaune,
Glaucie jaune,
Glaucière jaune,
Pavot cornu,
Pavot jaune des sables
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 n. Africa,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 66%[1]

Biennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: X

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(L.) Rudolph

1753. Chelidonium corniculatum  L.
1781. Glaucium corniculatum  (L.) Rudolph
1789. Glaucium corniculatum  (L.) Curtis (i)
Red horned-poppy,
Blackspot hornpoppy
Introduced,
Impersistent

NYFA: X

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Tribe Eschscholtzieae

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Eschscholzia
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Eschscholzia californica
California poppy
Eschscholzia (es-SHOLT-zee-uh) was named in honor of Dr. Johann Friedrich Gustav von Eschscholtz, a 19th-century Estonian surgeon and botanist. Eschscholzia californica (California poppy) is a west coast native that, according to the New York Flora Atlas, although it has been collected since 1824, is not known to naturalize in New York State.
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Eschscholtzieae — Eschscholzia
Genus Eschscholzia California-poppy N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Cham.
 ssp. californica

1820. Eschscholzia californica  Cham.
1903. Eschscholzia procera  Greene
California poppy Introduced,
N. America native,
Uncertain naturalization

NYFA: X
NYFA: 6 counties
iNat
GBIF
10 counties

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Subfamily Fumarioideae

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Tribe Fumarieae

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Subtribe Corydalineae
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Dicentra
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Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Corydaleae — Dicentra
Genus Dicentra Bleeding-heart N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Goldie) Walp.

1822. Corydalis canadensis  Goldie
1842. Dicentra canadensis  (Goldie) Walp.
1892. Bicuculla canadensis  (Goldie) Millsp.
Squirrel-corn,
Turkey-corn
Dicentre du Canada
Native,
Secure

NYFA: 5

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 (L.) Bernh.

1753. Fumaria cucullaria  L.
1806. Corydalis cucullaria  (L.) Pers.
1833. Dicentra cucullaria  (L.) Bernh.
1892. Bicuculla cucullaria  (L.) Millsp.
1912. Dicentra occidentalis  (Rydb.) Fedde
Dutchman's breeches,
Turkey-corn,
Dicentre à capuchon
Native,
Secure

NYFA: 5

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 (Ker Gawl.) Torr.

1815. Fumaria eximia  Ker Gawl.
1843. Dicentra eximia  (Ker Gawl.) Torr.
Wild bleeding-heart,
Eastern bleeding-heart,
Turkey corn,
Staggerweed
Introduced,
N. America native

NYFA: X

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(Andrews) Walp.

1842. Dicentra formosa (Andrews) Walp.
Westerm bleeding-heart
Pacific bleeding heart

Introduced,
N. America native

NYFA: 0

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Lamprocapnos
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Lamprocapnos spectabilis
Showy bleeding heart is widely planted but rarely naturalizes.
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumarieae — Corydalineae — Lamprocapnos
Genus Lamprocapnos Bleeding-heart N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Fukuhara

1753. Fumaria spectabilis  L.
1831. Diclytra spectabilis  (L.) DC.
1847. Dicentra spectabilis  (L.) Lem.
1997. Lamprocapnos spectabilis  (L.) Fukuhara
Bleeding-heart,
Asian bleeding-heart,
Common bleedinghearts
Introduced from
 temperate Asia

NYFA: X
iNat

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Adlumia
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Adlumia fungosa
Allegheny vine

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumarieae — Corydalineae — Adlumia
Genus Adlumia Adlumia N.Y. Status Images Distribution NPT
 (Aiton) Greene ex Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.

1789. Fumaria fungosa  Aiton
1803. Fumaria recta  Michx.
1808. Fumaria cirrhosa  Raf.
1888. Adlumia fungosa  Greene ex BSP
1891. Bicuculla fungosa  Kuntze
Allegheny vine,
Climbing fumitory,
Mountain-fringe,
Woodfringe,
Canary vine
Adlumie fongueuse
Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4

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Capnoides
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Capnoides sempervirens
rock harlequin, pink corydalis

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumarieae — Corydalineae — Capnoides
Genus Capnoides Harlequin N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Borkh.

1753. Fumaria sempervirens  L.
1797. Capnoides sempervirens  Borkh.
1806. Corydalis sempervirens  Pers.
1813. Corydalis glauca  Pursh
Pink corydalis,
Pale corydalis,
Rock harlequin,
Harlequin-flower
Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4

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Corydalis
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Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumarieae — Corydalineae — Corydalis
Genus Corydalis Fumewort N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Raf.) DC.

1808. Fumaria flavula  Raf.
1824. Corydalis flavula  (Raf.) DC.
1891. Capnoides flavula  (Raf.) Kuntze
Yellow corydalis,
Yellow fumewort
Native, CoC: 7,
Vulnerable

NYFA: 3

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 Willd.
 ssp. aurea

1809. Corydalis aurea  var. aurea
Golden corydalis,
Scrambled eggs
Native, CoC: 9,
Threatened

NYFA: 2

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 (Thunb.) Pers.

1806. Corydalis incisa  (Thunb.) Pers.
Purple keman Introduced,
Rare

NYFA: X

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(L.) Clairv.

1811. Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv.
Spring corydalis,
Bird-in-a-bush
Introduced,
Naturalized,
 Invasive.org: [1]

NYFA: Xn
NYFA: Dutchess (2015)
iNat
GBIF
16 counties

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Genus Corydalis(excluded taxa) Fumewort N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(L.) Pers.

1753. Fumaria capnoides  L.
1768. Fumaria alba  Mill.
1790. Neckeria capnoides  (L.) Neck.
1797. Pseudofumaria capnoides  (L.) Borkh.
1806. Corydalis capnoides  (L.) Pers.
1823. Corydalis gebleri  Ledeb.
1831. Corydalis ochroleuca  W.D.J.Koch
1841. Capnoides albida  Bernh. ex Steud.
1939. Corydalis alba  (Mill.) Mansf.
1986. Pseudofumaria alba  (Mill.) Lidén
Pale corydalis Introduced,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

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Subtribe Fumariineae
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Fumaria
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Fumaria officinalis
Common Fumitory
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumariineae — Fumaria
Genus Fumaria Fumitory N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Fumaria officinalis  L.
Common Fumitory,
Drug fumitory,
Earth smoke,
Wax dolls
Fumeterre officinal
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Naturalized,
SNA, G5

NYFA: X

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Genus Fumaria(excluded taxa) Fumitory N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.

1753. Fumaria capreolata  L.
1907. Fumaria officinalis  var. capreolata  (L.) Ewart
White ramping fumitory,
Climbing fumitory
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
N.Y. excluded
excluded
NYFA-Excluded

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Lam.

1788. Fumaria parviflora  Lam.
Fine-leaf fumitory,
Small-flower fumitory,
Indian fumitory
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
N.Y. excluded

Annual,
Herb-forb
excluded
NYFA-Excluded

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Pseudofumaria
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Pseudofumaria lutea
Rock fumewort
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumariineae — Pseudofumaria
Genus Pseudofumaria Rock fumitory N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Borkh.

1771. Fumaria lutea  L.
1790. Capnoides luteum  Gaertn.
1797. Pseudofumaria lutea  Borkh.
1805. Corydalis lutea  DC.
Rock fumewort,
Yellow corydalis,
Rock corydalis,
Rock fumitory
Introduced,
Not naturalized
Chemung, Dutchess, Suffolk
NYFA: X

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