Flora of New York/Ranunculales

← Commelinales, Zingiberales, Ceratophyllales	Flora of New York — Ranunculales : Lardizabalaceae, Menispermaceae, Berberidaceae, Ranunculaceae, Papaveraceae				→ Proteales… Zygophyllales
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

The order Ranunculales has about 93 taxa found outside of cultivation in New York. Ranunculales families include:

Circaeasteraceae (2 Chinese species, none in NY)
Lardizabalaceae (1 species of Akebia in NY)
Menispermaceae (1 species of moonseed in NY)
Berberidaceae (barberry, 8 taxa in 5 genera in NY)
Ranunculaceae (68 taxa in 20 genera, Ranunculus the largest)
Papaveraceae (poppies, 15 taxa in 8 genera in NY)

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genus	Common names	T
Ranunculales	Lardizabalaceae	Lardizabaloideae	Akebieae	Akebia	chocolate vine. fiveleaf akebia	1
	Menispermaceae	Menispermoideae	Menispermeae	Menispermum	moonseed, Canada moonseed	1
	Berberidaceae	Podophylloideae	Leonticeae	Caulophyllum	blue cohosh, squaw-root, papoose-root	2
			Podophylleae	Podophyllum	mayapple, wild mandrake	1
			Podophylleae	Jeffersonia	twinleaf, rheumatism-root	1
		Berberidoideae	—	Berberis	barberry	3
		Berberidoideae	—	Mahonia	Oregon grape	1
	Ranunculaceae	Hydrastoideae	Hydrastideae	Hydrastis	golden-seal, yellow puccoon	1
		Coptidoieae	Coptideae	Coptis	goldthread, three-leaved goldthread	1
		Coptidoieae	Xanthorhizeae	Xanthorhiza	yellowroot	1
		Thalictroideae	Aquilegieae	Aquilegia	columbine, wild columbine	2
			Aquilegieae	Enemion	false rue anemone	1
			Thalictreae	Thalictrum	meadow rue	7
		Ranunculoideae	Actaeeae	Actaea	baneberry	5
			Actaeeae	Eranthis	winter aconite	1
			Caltheae	Caltha	marsh marigold	1
				Trollius	globeflower	1
				Adonis	pheasant's eye	2
			Delphinieae	Aconitum	monkshood	3
				Delphinium	lark-spur	1
				Consolida	knight's-spur, lark-spur	2
			Nigelleae	Nigella	love-in-a-mist, devil-in-the-bush	1
			Helleboreae	Helleborus	hellebore, Christmas-rose	2
			Anemoneae	Anemone	hepatica, thimbleweed	9
			Anemoneae	Clematis	leather flower, virgin's-bower	6
			Ranunculeae	Halerpestes	seaside crowfoot	1
				Ceratocephala	curvseed butterwort	1
				Ficaria	celadine	1
				Ranunculus	buttercup, crowfoot, spearwort	23
	Papaveraceae	Papaveroideae	Papavereae	Argemone	pricklypoppy	2
			Papavereae	Papaver	poppy	6
			Chelidonieae	Sanguinaria	bloodroot, red puccuoon	1
				Chelidonium	greater celandine	1
				Macleaya	plume poppy	1
				Glaucium	hornpoppy	2
				Stylophorum	celandine-poppy	1
			Eschscholtzieae	Eschscholzia	California poppy	1
		Fumarioideae	Fumarieae	Dicentra	bleeding-heart, Dutchman's breeches	3
				Lamprocapnos	Asian bleeding-heart	1
				Adlumia	climbing fumitory	1
				Capnoides	harlequin, pink corydalis	1
				Corydalis	fumewort, corydalis	3
				Fumaria	fumitory	1
				Pseudofumaria	rock fumitory, yellow corydalis	1

Family Lardizabalaceae[edit]

The Lardizabalaceae (lardizabala family)...

Subfamily Lardizabaloideae[edit]

Tribe Akebieae[edit]

Genus Akebia[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Lardizabalaceae – subfam. Lardizabaloideae – tribe Akebieae – genus Akebia
Akebia	Chocolate-vine	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Dcne. 1779. Rajania quinata Houtt. 1839. Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Dcne.	Fiveleaf akebia, Chocolate vine	Introduced from Asia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 52%^[1], CP-4^[2]			NYFA-X USDA-X0 NEW ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Akebia quinata: Moderate (52). ↑ Appendix 4. Plant species that are considered moderately invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)

Family Menispermaceae[edit]

The Menispermaceae (moonseed family)...

Subfamily Menispermoideae[edit]

Tribe Menispermeae[edit]

Genus Menispermum[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Menispermaceae – subfam. Menispermoideae – tribe Menispermeae – genus Menispermum
Menispermum	Moonseed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Menispermum canadense L. 1753. Menispermum canadense L.	Canada moonseed, Common moonseed, Yellow Parilla, Carolina moonseed Ménisperme du Canada, Raison de couleuvre	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Family Berberidaceae[edit]

The Berberidaceae (barberry family) contains several herbaceous genera that are associated with their native woodland wildflowers, including Caulophyllum (blue cohosh), Podophyllum (mayapple), and Jeffersonia (twinleaf). But the family also contains the non-native ornamental shrubs (some highly invasive) known as barberry in the Berberis and closely-related Manonia genera.

Subfamily Podophylloideae[edit]

Tribe Leonticeae[edit]

Genus Caulophyllum[edit]

Although Caulophyllum contains the two blue cohosh species found in New York, it does not include black cohosh, which is not only in a separate genus (Actaea), but also in a different family (Ranunculaceae, below). Blue cohosh leaves have a similarity to Thalictrum (meadow rue) leaves, accounting for the specific epithet thalictroides.

Ranunculales – fam. Berberidaceae – subfam. Podophylloideae – tribe Leonticeae – genus Caulophyllum
Caulophyllum	Blue cohosh	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2
Caulophyllum thalictroides {L.) Michx. 1753. Leontice thalictroides L. 1803. Caulophyllum thalictroides Michx.	Blue cohosh, Squaw-root, Papoose-root Caulophylle faux-pigamon	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN FNA Images, wsp
Caulophyllum giganteum (Farw.) Loconte & W.H.Blackw. 1918. Caulophyllum thalictroides var. giganteum Farw. 1981. Caulophyllum giganteum Loconte & W.H.Blackw.	Blue cohosh, Giant blue cohosh, Early blue cohosh	Native, Vulnerable			NYFA-3-5 USDA-N ARS FNA Images, wsp

Tribe Podophylleae[edit]

Genus Podophyllum[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Berberidaceae – subfam. Podophylloideae – tribe Podophylleae – genus Podophyllum
Podophyllum	Mayapple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Podophyllum peltatum L. 1753. Podophyllum peltatum L.	May-apple, Indian-apple, Wild-mandrake Pomme de mai	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW FNA Images, wsp

Genus Jeffersonia[edit]

Although twinleaf is listed as threatened in New York, its populations have probably remained fairly stable. Because its native habitat includes ravines, its scarcity is more a matter of New York being at the northern edge of its natural range than it is of recent habitat loss. However, invasion of it habitat by exotic plants like garlic mustard is currently a concern.^[1]

Ranunculales – fam. Berberidaceae – subfam. Podophylloideae – tribe Podophylleae – genus Jeffersonia
Jeffersonia	Twinleaf	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers. 1753. Podophyllum diphyllum L. 1805. Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers.	Twinleaf, Twin-leaf, Rheumatism-root	Native, Threatened, CoC: 7, NYNHP: 2^[1]			NYFA-2 USDA-N ARS FNA BNA Images, wsp
↑ ^a ^b New York Natural Heritage Program. 2013. Online Conservation Guide for Jeffersonia diphylla. Threatened, S2/G5.

Subfamily Berberidoideae[edit]

Genus Berberis[edit]

Although there are a few North American native barberry species, none are known to have naturalized in New York State. The closest reported occurrence is of Berberis canadensis (American barberry) in Huntington County in south-central Pennsylvania. However the two Eurasian barberries, Berberis thunbergii and Berberis vulgaris are quite common and considered to be invasive in New York. If fact, the sale of Japanese barberry (B. thunbergii) is now prohibited in the state.

Berberis.[1]

Ranunculales – fam. Berberidaceae – subfam. Berberidoideae – genus Berberis
Berberis	Barberry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	3
Berberis thunbergii DC. 1821. Berberis thunbergii DC. 1926. B. thunbergii var. atropurpurea (i)	Japanese barberry Épine-vinette du Japon	Introduced from Asia, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 91%^[1], Prohibited^[2], CP-2^[3] NE-1^[4]			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW Can ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Berberis vulgaris L. 1753. Berberis vulgaris L. 1845. Berberis vulgaris var. purpurea (i) 1860. Berberis vulgaris fo. atropurpurea (i) 1869. Berberis jacquinii hort. ex K.Koch 1869. Berberis sanguinea hort. ex K.Koch	Common barberry, European barberry, Jaundice-berry Épine-vinette commune, Épine-vinette, Berbéris vulgaire, Berbéride vulgaire	Introduced from Eurasia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 69%^[5], CP-3^[6] NE-2^[7]			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW Can ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Berberis × ottawensis C.K.Schneid. Berberis thunbergii × Berberis vulgaris 1927. Berberis × ottawensis C.K.Schneid.	Hybrid barberry, Ottawa barberry	Introduced, No specimens, Present in New Eng.			NYFA-D USDA-XX NEW Images, wsp
Berberis julianae C.K.Schneid. 1913. Berberis julianae C.K.Schneid.	Juliana's berberis, Wintergreen barberry, Chinese barberry	Introduced from China, Single population			NYFA-X USDA-X0 ARS Trop. Images, wsp
Berberis koreana Palibin. 1899. Berberis koreana Palibin.	Korea barberry	Introduced from Asia, No specimens, Present in Vermont			NEW Images, wsp
Berberis canadensis Mill. 1768. Berberis canadensis Mill. 1869. Berberis fischeri hort. ex K.Koch* 1894. Berberis angulizans hort. ex Massias	American barberry, Allegheny barberry	N. America native			USDA-N0 FNA BNA Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Berberis thunbergii: Very highly invasive (91%). ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Proposed Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009) ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Berberis vulgaris: 69 (all). ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009) ↑ Category 2 Plants - moderately invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Barberry differentiation
Barberry species	Leaf margin	Spines	Flowers
Berberis thunbergii, Japanese barberry	Entire (smooth)	1	Sessile umbel
Berberis vulgaris, European barberry	Serrate (toothed)	3	Raceme
Berberis × ottawensis, Ottawa barberry	Entire (smooth)	1 to 3	Subumbellate-raceme

Genus Mahonia[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Berberidaceae – subfam. Berberidoideae – genus Mahonia
Mahonia	Barberry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. 1813. Berberis aquifolium Pursh 1818. Mahonia aquifolium Nutt. 1906. Odostemon aquifolium Rydb. 1931. Mahonia diversifolia Sweet 1934. Mahonia piperiana Abrams 1939. Berberis piperiana McMinn 1940. Berberis diversifolia Steud.	Oregon grape, Piper's Oregon-grape, Oregon holly-grape, Tall mahonia, Hollyleaved barberry Mahonia à feuilles de houx	Introduced from western N. America			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW Can ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Family Ranunculaceae[edit]

The Ranunculaceae...

Subfamily Hydrastoideae[edit]

Tribe Hydrastideae[edit]

Genus Hydrastis[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Hydrastoideae – tribe Hydrastideae – genus Hydrastis
Hydrastis	Goldenseal	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Hydrastis canadensis L.	Goldenseal, Golden-seal, Orange-root, Yellow-puccoon Hydraste du Canada, Sceau d'or	Native, Threatened, CoC: 9, NYNHP: 2^[1] Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-2 USDA-NN NEW Can BNA Images, wsp Note: FLNPS
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2013. Online Conservation Guide for Hydrastis canadensis. Threatened, S2/G4.

Subfamily Coptidoideae[edit]

Tribe Coptideae[edit]

Genus Coptis[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Coptidoideae – tribe Coptideae
Coptis	Goldthread	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. 1753. Helleborus trifolius L. 1771. Anemone groenlandica Oeder 1807. Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. 1929. Coptis groenlandica (Oeder) Fernald 1937. Coptis trifolia ssp. groenlandica (Oeder) Hultén 1947. Coptis trifolia var. groenlandica (Oeder) Fassett	Goldthread, Goldenroot, Yellow snakeroot, American goldthread, Canker-root Savoyane, Coptide du Groenland, Coptide savoyane, Sabouillane	Native, Secure WL: FACW Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS FNA Images, wsp

Tribe Xanthorhizeae[edit]

Genus Xanthorhiza[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Coptidoideae – tribe Xanthorhizeae
Xanthorhiza	Yellowroot	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marshall 1785. X. simplicissima Marshall X. apiifolia L'Héritier	Yellowroot, Brook-feather, Shrub yellowroot	Introduced, N. America native			NYFA-X USDA-N0 NSE BNA Images, wsp

Subfamily Thalictroideae[edit]

Tribe Aquilegieae[edit]

Genus Aquilegia[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Thalictroideae – tribe Aquilegieae – genus Aquilegia
Aquilegia	Columbine	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2
Aquilegia canadensis L. 1753. Aquilegia canadensis L.	Canadian columbine, Red columbine, Wild columbine Ancolie du Canada	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS FNA Images, wsp
Aquilegia vulgaris	European columbine	Introduced			NYFA-X Images, wsp

Genus Enemion[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Thalictroideae – tribe Aquilegieae – genus Enemion
Enemion	False-rue-anemone	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Enemion biternatum Raf. Isopyrum biternatum	Eastern false rue anemone, False rue-anemone	Native, Likely extirpated			NYFA-Z USDA-NN Images, wsp

Tribe Thalictreae[edit]

Genus Thalictrum[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Thalictroideae – tribe Thalictreae
Thalictrum sect. Anemonella	Meadow-rue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	7
Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) A.J.Eames & B.Boivin 1753. Anemone thalictroides L. 1803. Thalictrum anemonoides Michx. 1805. Thalictrum anemoides Maxim. ** 1832. Syndesmon thalictroides Hoffmanns. 1839. Anemonella thalictroides Spach 1957. Thalictrum thalictroides	Rue anemone, Windflower Pigamon à ombelles	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp
Thalictrum sect. Heterogamia	Meadow-rue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	7
Thalictrum dioicum L. 1753. Thalictrum dioicum L. 1803. Thalictrum laevigatum Michx. 1832. Thalictrum pauciflorum Raf. 1885. Thalictrum pulchellum Pursh ** 1914. Leucocoma dioica (L.) Nieuwl.	Early meadow-rue, Quicksilver-weed Pigamon dioïque	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Thalictrum venulosum Trelease var. confine (Fernald) Boivin Thalictrum confine Fernald^[1] Thalictrum turneri B.Boivin	Early meadow-rue, Veined meadow-rue, Veiny meadow-rue	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Thalictrum sect. Leucocoma	Meadow-rue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	7
Thalictrum pubescens Pursh T. carolinianum var. subpubescens T. perelegans T. polygamum Muhl. ex Spreng.	King of the meadow, Late meadow-rue, Tall meadow-rue, Meadow-weed, Muskrat-weed Pigamon pubescent	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW FNA Images, wsp
Thalictrum revolutum DC. T. amphibolum Greene T. hepaticum Greene T. moseleyi Greene	Purple meadow-rue, Skunk meadow-rue, Wax-leaved meadow-rue, Waxyleaf meadow-rue	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Images, wsp
Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Avé-Lall. T. dasycarpum var. hypoglaucum T. hypoglaucum Rydb.	Purple meadow-rue	Introduced, N. America native			NYFA-X USDA-NN FNA Images, wsp
Thalictrum sect. ?	Meadow-rue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	7
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium L.	Columbine meadow-rue, French meadow-rue, Greater meadow-rue	Introduced, Rare, Eurasia native			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW-0 ITIS Images, wsp
↑ New York Flora Atlas recognizes this plant as T. venulosum var. confine, while Flora of North America sees it a separate species T. confine.

Subfamily Ranunculoideae[edit]

The Ranunculoideae...

Tribe Actaeeae[edit]

Genus Actaea[edit]

Here the genus Cimicifuga (bugbane) is included as a section of Actaea (baneberry) as per Compton (1998).^[1]

↑ James A. Compton, Alastair Culham and Stephen L. Jury (1998). "Reclassification of Actaea to Include Cimicifuga and Souliea (Ranunculaceae): Phylogeny Inferred from Morphology, nrDNA ITS, and cpDNA trnL-F Sequence Variation." Taxon, 47(3) (Aug., 1998), pp. 593-634.

Actaea sect. Actaea[edit]

Berry-color alone can't be used to distinguish red and white baneberry from each other. Even at maturity, red baneberry (Actaea rubra) plants frequently have white fruit (sometimes differentiated as forma neglecta). Red or pink berries on white baneberry, Actaea pachypoda (fo. rubrocarpa), are less common and may indicate that the plant is a hybrid (Actaea ×ludovici) of the two species.

A better way to distinguish red and white baneberry is to observe the color and width of the fruit pedicels. Red baneberry has brown or greenish pedicels that are thinner than the axis of their raceme. White baneberry has bright red and much thicker pedicels that are about the same diameter as the raceme axis.^[1]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Ranunculoideae – tribe Actaeeae – genus Actaea – sect. Actaea
Actaea L. sect. Actaea	Baneberry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	3
Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. 1789. Actaea spicata var. rubra Aiton 1809. Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. 1838. Actaea arguta Nutt. 1857. Actaea rubra var. arguta (Nutt.) Torr. 1944. Actaea rubra ssp. arguta (Nutt.) Hultén 1914. Christophoriana rubra (Aiton) Nieuwl.	Red baneberry, Snakeberry Actée rouge	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Actaea pachypoda Elliott 1753. Actaea spicata var. alba L. nom. rej. 1768. Actaea alba auct. non (L.) Mill. 1813. Actaea americana var. alba (L.) Pursh 1821. Actaea pachypoda Elliott 1914. Christophoriana alba (L.) Nieuwl.	White baneberry, Doll's-eyes, White cohosh Actée à gros pédicelles, Actée blanche	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-N NEW Can ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Actaea × ludovici B.Boivin Actaea pachypoda × Actaea rubra 1940. A. pachypoda fo. rubrocarpa Fernald 1967. Actaea × ludovicii B.Boivin	Hybrid Red baneberry & White baneberry	Native, Vulnerable			NYFA-3-4 USDA-N] NEW ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
↑ Bruce A. Ford (1997). "Actaea (Linnaeus)." Flora of North America north of Mexico. 3(9)

Actaea sect. Cimicifuga[edit]

The bugbanes may also be placed in the genus Cimicifuga.

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Ranunculoideae – tribe Actaeeae – genus Actaea – sect. Cimicifuga
Actaea L. sect. Cimicifuga	Bugbane	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	3
Actaea racemosa L. 1753. Actaea racemosa L. 1788. Actaea monogyna Walter 1813. Cimicifuga serpentaria (L.) Pursh n.i. 1818. Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt.^[1] 1890. C. racemosa var. dissecta A.Gray 1891. Thalictrodes racemosa (L.) Kuntze 1998. A. racemosa var. dissecta J.Compton	Black baneberry, Black cohosh, Black bugbane, Black snakeroot, Fairy candle Cimicaire à grappes	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Actaea rubifolia (Kearney) Kartesz 1897. Cimicifuga rubifolia Kearney 1999. Actaea rubifolia Kartesz auct. Actaea cordifolia non DC. auct. Cimicifuga racemosa var. cordifolia non (DC.) A.Gray auct. C. cordifolia non (DC.) Torr. & A.Gray	Appalachian bugbane	Introduced, US South native			NYFA-0 USDA-N0 FNA NSE BNA Images, wsp
↑ New York Flora Atlas and Flora of North America list Actaea racemosa as Cimicifuga racemosa. Other sources treat C. racemosa as a synonym.

Genus Eranthis[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Ranunculoideae – tribe Actaeeae – genus Eranthis
Eranthis	Eranthis	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Eranthis hyemalis (L.) Salisb. Cammarum hyemale Eranthis cilicicus Eranthis × tubergenii Helleborus hyemalis	Winter aconite	Introduced from Eurasia			NYFA-X USDA-X ARS Images, wsp

Tribe Caltheae[edit]

Genus Caltha[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Ranunculoideae – tribe Caltheae – genus Caltha
Caltha	Marsh-marigold	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Caltha palustris L. 1753. Caltha palustris L. 1807. Caltha radicans T.F.Forst. 1818. Caltha asarifolia DC. 1824. Caltha arctica R.Brown 1854. Caltha cornuta Schott, Nyman & Kotschy 1854. Caltha laeta Schott, Nyman & Kotschy	Marsh marigold, Yellow marsh marigold, Cowslip, Cowflock, Kingcup Populage des marais, Souci d'eau	Native, Secure WL: OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		120px	NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Genus Trollius[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Ranunculoideae – tribe Caltheae – genus Trollius
Trollius	Globeflower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Trollius laxus Salisb. ssp. laxus 1807. Trollius laxus Salisb. 1818. Trollius americanus Muhl. ex DC. 1971. Trollius laxus ssp. laxus autonym	American globe-flower, Spreading globeflower	Native, Rare			NYFA-3 USDA-NN NEW Can-0 FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Genus Adonis[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Ranunculoideae – tribe Caltheae – genus Adonis
Adonis	Pheasant's eye	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2
Adonis vernalis	Spring pheasant's eye, Spring adonis, Ox-eye	Introduced, Rare			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images, wsp
Adonis aestivalis	Summer pheasant's eye, Summer adonis	Introduced, No specimens			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images, wsp

Tribe Delphinieae[edit]

Genus Aconitum[edit]

The only native member of the Delphinieae (syn. Aconiteae) is the endangered northern blue monkshood, which as Aconitum noveboracense is found in only Iowa, New York, Ohio, and Wisconsin. However, A. noveboracense has been found to be synonymous with Aconitum columbianum ssp. columbianum (Columbia monkshood), which is native to much of western North America.

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Ranunculoideae – tribe Delphinieae – genus Aconitum
Aconitum	Monkshood	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2
Aconitum columbianum ssp. columbianum Nutt. 1838. A. columbianum Nutt. 1886. A. noveboracense A.Gray 1929. A. noveboracense var. quasiciliatum Fassett 1954. A. columbianum var. bakeri (Greene) H.D.Harr. 1964. A. uncinatum ssp. noveboracense Hardin	Northern blue monkshood, Northern wild monkshood, Northern monk's-hood, New York monkshood, Columbia monkshood Aconit du Columbia	Native, Endangered, DEC-A^[1], FWS: 1, NYNHP: 1^[2]			NYFA-1 USDA-N0 NEW-0 Can ARS FNA BNA Images, wsp
Aconitum uncinatum L. 1762. Aconitum uncinatum L. 1818. A. uncinatum var. muticum 1942. A. uncinatum var. acutidens 1964. A. uncinatum ssp. muticum	Wild monkshood, Southern blue monkshood	Introduced, N. America native WL: FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-0 USDA-N0 NEW FNA BNA Images, wsp
Aconitum napellus L. 1753. Aconitum napellus L.	Garden monkshood, Venus' chariot	Introduced from Europe			NYFA-X USDA-X NEW Can ARS Images, wsp
↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2013. Online Conservation Guide for Aconitum noveboracense. Endangered, S1/G3.

Genus Delphinium[edit]

Although there are more than sixty Delphinium species that are native to North America, none are considered to be native to New York or New England, and none have been reported to have naturalized in New York.^[1] The only naturalized Delphinium species in New England is Delphinium exaltatum,^[2] which is native to an area that extends as far northeast as northeastern Ohio and southwestern Pennsylvania.^[3] Delphinium exaltatum is also distribuded in New York in the "native plant" trade.^[4]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Ranunculoideae – tribe Delphinieae – genus Delphinium
Delphinium	Larkspur	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	0
Delphinium exaltatum Aiton 1786. Delphinium urceolatum Jacq. 1789. Delphinium exaltatum Aiton 1803. Delphinium tridactylum Michx. 1830. Delphidium exaltatum (Aiton) Raf. 1914. Delphinastrum exaltatum (Aiton) Nieuwl.	Tall larkspur	Introduced, US South native, No reports Perennial, Forb-herb			NYFA-0 USDA-N0 NEW ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
↑ USDA-NRCS Plants Database for Delphinium L. ↑ Delphinium exaltatum Ait. New England Wildflower Society Go Botany website ↑ Delphinium exaltatum distribution map in Flora of North America ↑ "2014 Central New York Native Plant Shopping Guide" Compiled by Habitat Gardening in Central New York, a chapter of Wild Ones: Native Plants, Natural Landscapes

Genus Consolida[edit]

Larkspurs (Consolida spp.) are annuals that are closely related to the perennial Delphiniums.

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Ranunculoideae – tribe Delphinieae – genus Consolida
Consolida Gray	Larkspur	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2
Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur 1753. Delphinium ajacis L. 1853. Consolida ajacei (L.) Schur	Doubtful knight's-spur, Rocket larkspur, Ajax' larkspur Pied-d'alouette d'Ajax, Dauphinelle d'Ajax	Introduced Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-X NEW ARS FNA Images, wsp
Consolida regalis Gray 1753. Delphinium consolida L. 1822. Consolida regalis Gray	Royal larkspur, Rocket larkspur, Field larkspur, Forking larkspur Pied-d'alouette royal, Dauphinelle consoude, Pied d'alouette	Introduced Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW ARS FNA Images, wsp

Tribe Nigelleae[edit]

Genus Nigella[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Ranunculoideae – tribe Nigelleae – genus Nigella
Nigella	Nigella	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Nigella damascena L. 1753. Nigella damascena L.	Love-in-a-mist, Devil-in-the-bush, Jack-in-the-green, Wild fennel, Damascus hellebore Nigelle de Damas	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-X NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA IPN Images, wsp

Tribe Helleboreae[edit]

The Helleboreae...^[1]

Genus Helleborus[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Ranunculoideae – tribe Helleboreae
Helleborus L.	Hellebore	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2
Helleborus niger L. 1753. Helleborus niger L	Black hellebore, Christmas rose Hellébore noire, Rose de Noël	Introduced from Europe			NYFA-X USDA-X ARS BNA Images, wsp
Helleborus viridis L. 1753. Helleborus viridis L	Green hellebore	Introduced from Europe			NYFA-X USDA-X ARS BNA Images, wsp
↑ H. Sun, et al. (2001) "Molecular phylogeny of Helleborus (Ranunculaceae), with an emphasis on the East Asian-Mediterranean disjunction." Taxon 50:1001–1018.

Tribe Anemoneae[edit]

Genus Anemone[edit]

The grouping of Anemone used here is based on Hoot, Meyer & Manning (2012)^[1]

Anemone subg. Anemonidium[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Ranunculoideae – tribe Anemoneae – genus Anemone – subg. Anemonidium
Anemone sect. Hepatica	Hepatica	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	9
Anemone acutiloba (DC.) G.Lawson 1813. Hepatica triloba var. acuta Pursh 1824. Hepatica acutiloba DC. 1884. Anemone acutiloba (DC.) G.Lawson 1891. Hepatica acuta (Pursh) Britton 1960. Hepatica nobilis var. acuta (Pursh) Steyerm.	Sharplobe hepatica, American liverleaf, Liverwort-herb, Sharp-lobed hepatica	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Anemone americana (DC.) H.Hara 1814. Hepatica triloba var. obtusa Pursh 1817. Hepatica triloba var. americana DC. 1819. Hepatica americana (DC.) Ker Gawl. 1882. Hepatica hepatica (L.) H. Karst. p.p. 1958. Anemone americana (DC.) H.Hara 1960. Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa Steyerm.	Round-lobed hepatica, Blunt-lobed Hepatica, Round-leaved liverleaf, American liverleaf Hépatique d'Amérique, Anémone d'Amérique, Hépatique noble	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Anemone sect. Anemonidium	Windflower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	9
Anemone canadensis L. 1768. Anemone canadensis L. 1892. Anemone dichotoma var. canadensis C.MacMill. 1982. Anemonidium canadense Á.Löve & D.Löve	Canada anemone, Canadian anemone, Canada windflower, Meadow anemone, Meadow windflower, Round-leaved anemone, Round-leaved thimbleweed Anémone du Canada	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can FNA BNA Images, wsp
↑ Sara B. Hoot, Kyle M. Meyer, and John C. Manning (2012). "Phylogeny and Reclassification of Anemone (Ranunculaceae), with an Emphasis on Austral Species." Systematic Botany 37(1): pp. 139–152, Copyright 2012 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists DOI 10.1600/036364412X616729

Anemone subg. Anemone[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Ranunculoideae – tribe Anemoneae – genus Anemone – subg. Anemone
Anemone sect. Anemone subsect. Anemonanthea	Anemone	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	9
Anemone quinquefolia L. var. quinquefolia 1753. Anemone quinquefolia L. 1808. Anemone pedata Raf. 1813. Anemone nemorosa var. quinquefolia (L.) Pursh 1923. Anemone quinquefolia var. bifolia Farw. 1935. Anemone quinquefolia var. interior Fernald 1968. Anemone nemorosa var. bifolia (Farw.) B.Boivin	Wood anemone, Nightcaps, American wood anemone, Wood windflower Anémone à cinq folioles	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Anemone sect. Anemone subsect. Virginianae	Anemone	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	9
Anemone cylindrica	Long-headed anemone, Long-headed windflower, Long-fruited anemone, Candle anemone, Thimbleweed, Cottonweed Anémone cylindrique	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can FNA Images, wsp
Anemone virginiana L. var. virginiana	Thimbleweed, Tall anemone, Tall thimbleweed, Tall windflower, Virginia anemone Anémone de Virginie	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW FNA Images, wsp
Anemone virginiana L. var. alba (Oakes) Wood 1841. Anemone cylindrica var. alba Oakes 1847. Anemone virginiana var. alba (Oakes) Wood Anemone riparia Fernald Anemone virginiana var. riparia (Fernald) B.Boivin	Thimbleweed, Tall anemone, Tall thimbleweed, Riverbank anemone Anémone blanche	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4? USDA-NN NEW Can FNA Images, wsp
Anemone virginiana L. var. cylindroidea B.Boivin	Thimbleweed, Tall anemone, Tall thimbleweed, Cylindrical anemone Anémone cylindroïde	Native, Vulnerable			NYFA-3? USDA-NN NEW Can FNA Images, wsp
Anemone multifida Poir. var. multifida Anemone globosa Anemone hudsoniana	Hudson Bay anemone, Hudson's anemone, Pacific anemone, Sanson's anemone	Native, Likely extirpated			NYFA-Z USDA-NN Images, wsp

Genus Clematis[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Ranunculoideae – tribe Anemoneae – genus Clematis
Clematis subg. Clematis	Virgin's-bower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	6
Clematis virginiana L. 1755. Clematis virginiana L. 1768. Clematis canadensis Miller 1814. Clematis holosericea Pursh 1885. C. dioica ssp. virginiana Kunze 1901. Clematis missouriensis Rydb. 1935. C. virginiana var. missouriensis	Virginia virgin's-bower, Devil's darning needles, Virginia clematis, Virginia bower Clématite de Virginie, Herbe aux gueux	Native, Secure, CoC: 3 WL: FAC-FACU Perennial, Vine, subshrub			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Clematis terniflora DC.	Yam-leaved clematis, Yam-leaved virgin's-bower, Sweet autumn clematis, Sweet autumn virginsbower, Japanese virgin's-bower Clématite à panicules	Introduced from Asia, Highly invasive, NYIS: 73%^[1], Regulated^[2] WL: FACU-UPL			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW Can ARS BNA Images, wsp
Clematis recta L.	Ground virgin's-bower	Introduced, Excluded			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW BNA Images, wsp
Clematis subg. Atragene	Virgin's-bower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	6
Clematis occidentalis (Hornem.) DC. var. occidentalis 1805. Atragene americana Sims 1815. Atragene occidentalis Hornem. 1818. Clematis verticillaris DC. 1824. Clematis occidentalis DC. 1947. Clematis verticillaris var. cacuminis Fernald 1968. Clematis verticillaris var. grandiflora B.Boivin	Purple clematis, Purple virgin’s-bower, Western blue virginsbower, Northern blue clematis Clématite verticillée, Atragène d'Amérique, Clématite occidentale	Native, Likely secure, CoC: 9 Perennial, Vine, subshrub			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Clematis subg. Viorna	Virgin's-bower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	6
Clematis ochroleuca Aiton 1789. Clematis ochroleuca Aiton 1903. Viorna ochroleuca Small 1903. Viorna ovata (Pursh) Small 1982. Coriflora ochroleuca W.A.Weber	Curlyheads, Curly-heads, Silky leather-flower	Native, Impersistent, CoC: 10 Perennial, Herb-subshrub			NYFA-Z USDA-N0 FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Clematis subg. Viticella	Virgin's-bower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	6
Clematis viticella L. 1753. Clematis Viticella L. 1903. Viticella viticella (L.) Small (i) 1949. Clematis viticella fo. purpurea	European purple clematis, Italian clematis, Italian leather flower, Italian virgin's-bower Clématite fausse-vigne, Clématite bleue	Introduced, Rare Perennial, Vine-subshrub			NYFA-X USDA-XX Can ARS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Clematis terniflora: High (73). ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

Tribe Ranunculeae[edit]

The Ranunculeae...

Genus Halerpestes[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Ranunculoideae – tribe Ranunculeae – genus Halerpestes
Halerpestes	Seaside crowfoot	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Halerpestes cymbalaria (Pursh) Greene (1900) Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh (1814) Cyrtorhyncha cymbalaria ssp. alpina	Alkali buttercup, Seaside crowfoot, Renoncule cymbalaire	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-N FNA Images, wsp

Genus Ceratocephala[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Ranunculoideae – tribe Ranunculeae – genus Ceratocephala
Ceratocephala	Curveseed-butterwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Ceratocephala testiculata C. falcata C. orthoceras Ranunculus falcatus R. testiculatus	Curve-seeded butterwort, Bur buttercup, Hornseed buttercup	Introduced		120px	NYFA-X USDA-X Images, wsp

Genus Ficaria[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Ranunculoideae – tribe Ranunculeae – genus Ficaria
Ficaria	Celandine	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Ficaria verna Huds. ssp. verna 1753. Ranunculus ficaria L. 1762. Ficaria verna Huds. 1882. Ficaria ficaria H. Karst. nom. illeg. 1908. R. ficaria var. bulbifer Albert 1981. R. ficaria ssp. bulbifer Lambinon	Lesser celandine, Fig buttercup, Fig-crowfoot, Pilewort	Introduced, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 86%^[1], Prohibited^[2]			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW Can ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Ranunculus ficaria: Very High (86). ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

Genus Ranunculus[edit]

Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Ranunculoideae – tribe Ranunculeae – genus Ranunculus – sect. Ranunculus
Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus	Buttercup	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	23
Ranunculus pensylvanicus L.f. 1781. Ranunculus pensylvanicus L.f.	Pennsylvania buttercup, Bristly buttercup, Bristly crowfoot Renoncule de Pennsylvanie	Native, Secure, CoC: 2 WL: OBL Annual/Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA IPN Images, wsp
Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. ex Lam. var. recurvatus 1804. Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. ex Lam. 1929. Ranunculus recurvatus var. adpressipilis Weath.	Blisterwort, Hooked buttercup, Hooked crowfoot, Rough buttercup, Little-leaved buttercup Renoncule à bec recourbé	Native, Secure, CoC: 6			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ITIS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Ranunculus hispidus Michx. var. caricetorum (Greene) T.Duncan 1903. Ranunculus caricetorum Greene 1906. Ranunculus siciformis Mack. 1936. Ranunculus septentrionalis var. caricetorum Fernald 1980. Ranunculus hispidus var. caricetorum T.Duncan auct. R. septentrionalis non Poir.	Bristly buttercup, Swamp buttercup, Swamp crowfoot, Northern swamp buttercup, Marsh buttercup Renoncule des cariçaies	Native, Secure, CoC: 7			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
Ranunculus hispidus Michx. var. hispidus 1803. Ranunculus hispidus Michx. 1920. R. h. var. falsus Fernald 1941. R. h. var. eurylobus L.D.Benson 1948. R. h. var. greenmanii L.D.Benson 1948. R. h. var. marilandicus L.D.Benson 1948. R. h. var. typicus L.D.Benson	Bristly buttercup, Hispid buttercup, Rough buttercup, Hispid crowfoot Renoncule hispide	Native, Secure, CoC: 7 WL: FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl. ex Bigelow R. fascicularis Muhl. ex Bigelow	Early buttercup, Early crowfoot	Native, Secure, CoC: 8			NYFA-5 USDA-N Images, wsp
Ranunculus hispidus Michx. var. nitidus (Muhl. ex Chapm.) T.Duncan 1804. Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir. 1817. Ranunculus carolinianus DC. 1821. Ranunculus palmatus Elliott 1860. Ranunculus repens var. nitidus Muhl. ex Chapm. 1860. Ranunculus septentrionalis var. nitidus Chapm. 1941. Ranunculus septentrionalis var. pterocarpus L.D.Benson 1980. Ranunculus hispidus var. nitidus T. Duncan	Swamp buttercup, Bristly buttercup, Hispid buttercup Renoncule brillante	Native, Endangered, CoC: 8			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
Ranunculus acris	Tall butter-cup	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-N? Images, wsp
Ranunculus bulbosus	Bulbous butter-cup, St. Anthony's turnip	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-X Images, wsp
Ranunculus repens	Creeping butter-cup	Introduced		120px	NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp

Ranunculus sect. Batrachium[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Ranunculoideae – tribe Ranunculeae – genus Ranunculus – sect. Batrachium
Ranunculus sect. Batrachium	White water-crowfoot	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Ranunculus longirostris Godr. 1786. R. trichophyllus Chaix nom. nud. auct. R. circinatus non Sibth. (1794) 1795. R. flaccidus Pers. 1796. R. aquatilis var. diffusus With. 1823. R. amphibius James 1839. R. longirostris Godr. 1839. Batrachium circinatum Spach 1844. B. longirostre F.W.Schultz 1848. B. trichophyllum F.W.Schultz 1869. B. flaccidum (Pers.) Rupr. 1884. R. aquatilis var. longirostris G.Lawson 1942. R. aquatilis var. calvescens L.D.Benson	Eastern white water-crowfoot, Longbeak buttercup, Thread-leaved water buttercup, Hair-leaved water buttercup Renoncule à long bec, Renoncule à feuilles capillaires, Renoncule à feuilles chevelues, Renoncule à lâche	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-N0 NEW Can ITIS FNA Trop. BNA IPN Images, wsp

Ranunculus sect. Echinella[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Ranunculoideae – tribe Ranunculeae – genus Ranunculus – sect. Echinella
Ranunculus sect. Echinella	Buttercup	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	23
Ranunculus sardous	Crowfoot	Introduced		120px	NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Ranunculus arvensis	Corn crowfoot, Corn buttercup	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-X Images, wsp
Ranunculus parviflorus L.	Smallflower buttercup, Small-flowered butter-cup	Introduced		120px	NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp

Ranunculus sect. Epirotes[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Ranunculoideae – tribe Ranunculeae – genus Ranunculus – sect. Epirotes
Ranunculus sect. Epirotes	Buttercup	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	23
Ranunculus abortivus	Kidney-leaved crowfoot, Little-leaved buttercup	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-N Images, wsp
Ranunculus allegheniensis	Allegheny mountains crowfoot, Allegheny Mountain buttercup	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-N Images, wsp
Ranunculus micranthus Nutt. ex Torrey & A.Gray	Small-flowered crowfoot, Rock crowfoot, Rock buttercup	Native, Threatened		120px	NYFA-3 USDA-N0 Images, wsp

Ranunculus sect. Flammula[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Ranunculoideae – tribe Ranunculeae – genus Ranunculus – sect. Flammula
Ranunculus	Buttercup	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	23
Ranunculus flammula L. var. reptans R. flammula var. filiformis R. filiformis Michx. R. reptans L. R. reptans var. filiformis R. reptans var. intermedius	Greater creeping spearwort	Native, Secure		120px	NYFA-5 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Ranunculus flammula L. var. ovalis R. flammula var. flammula R. flammula var. angustifolius R. flammula var. genuinus R. filiformis var. ovalis R. reptans var. ovalis	Greater creeping spearwort	Native, Vulnerable		120px	NYFA-3-5 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Ranunculus ambigens Ranunculus obtusiusculus Raf.	Water-plantain spearwort	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4-5 USDA-N0 Images, wsp
Ranunculus pusillus Poir. R. oblongifolius R. pusillus var. angustifolius R. tener	Low spearwort, Pursh buttercup	Introduced, Impersistent		120px	NYFA-X USDA-N0 Images, wsp

Ranunculus sect. Hecatonia[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Ranunculaceae – subfam. Ranunculoideae – tribe Ranunculeae – genus Ranunculus – sect. Hecatonia
Ranunculus sect. Hecatonia	Buttercup	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	23
Ranunculus flabellaris Raf. Ranunculus delphiniifolius	Yellow water-crowfoot	Native, Secure		120px	NYFA-5 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Ranunculus sceleratus L. var. sceleratus	Cursed crowfoot, Blisterwort	Introduced, N. America native		120px	NYFA-X USDA-NX Images, wsp

Family Papaveraceae[edit]

The Papaveraceae (poppy family)...

Subfamily Papaveroideae[edit]

Tribe Papavereae[edit]

Genus Argemone[edit]

Argemone (AR-ge-mon-ee)

Ranunculales – fam. Papaveraceae – subfam. Papaveroideae – tribe Papavereae – genus Argemone
Argemone	Pricklypoppy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2
Argemone albiflora ssp. albiflora	White prickly-poppy, Bluestem prickly-poppy, Texas prickly-poppy	Introduced, N. America native		120px	NYFA-X USDA-N0 Images, wsp
Argemone mexicana	Mexican prickly-poppy	Introduced, N. America native			NYFA-X USDA-NW Images, wsp

Genus Papaver[edit]

Papaver (puh-PAY-ver}

Ranunculales – fam. Papaveraceae – subfam. Papaveroideae – tribe Papavereae – genus Papaver
Papaver	Poppy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	6
Papaver argemone L.	Long pricklyhead poppy, Pale rough-fruited poppy	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Papaver dubium L.	Blindeyes, Long-podded poppy, Long-headed poppy	Introduced, Rare			NYFA-X USDA-XW Images, wsp
Papaver glaucum Boiss. & Hausskn.	Tulip poppy	Introduced, Rare			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images, wsp
Papaver orientale L. Papaver pseudoorientale Papaver pseudo-orientale	Oriental poppy	Introduced, Rare			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Papaver rhoeas L.	Common poppy, Corn poppy, Field poppy, Flanders poppy	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Papaver somniferum L.	Opium poppy, Common poppy	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XW Images, wsp

Tribe Chelidonieae[edit]

Genus Sanguinaria[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Papaveraceae – subfam. Papaveroideae – tribe Chelidonieae – genus Sanguinaria
Sanguinaria	Bloodroot	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Sanguinaria canadensis L. 1753. Sanguinaria canadensis L. 1905. Sanguinaria australis Greene 1905. Sanguinaria dilleniana Greene 1909. Sanguinaria canadensis var. rotundifolia (Greene) Fedde	Bloodroot, Puccoon-root, Red puccoon Sanguinaire du Canada, Sang-dragon	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS FNA Images, wsp

Genus Chelidonium[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Papaveraceae – subfam. Papaveroideae – tribe Chelidonieae – genus Chelidonium
Chelidonium	Celandine	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Chelidonium majus var. majus	Greater celandine	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp

Genus Macleaya[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Papaveraceae – subfam. Papaveroideae – tribe Chelidonieae – genus Macleaya
Macleaya	Plume poppy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R.Br.	Plume poppy	Introduced		120px	NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp

Genus Glaucium[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Papaveraceae – subfam. Papaveroideae – tribe Chelidonieae – genus Glaucium
Glaucium	Hornpoppy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2
Glaucium flavum Crantz	Yellow hornpoppy, Yellow horned-poppy	Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 66%^[1]			NYFA-X USDA-XW Images, wsp
Glaucium corniculatum (L.) J.H.Rudolph	Blackspot hornpoppy	Introduced, Impersistent		120px	NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Glaucium flavum: Moderate (66).

Genus Stylophorum[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Papaveraceae – subfam. Papaveroideae – tribe Chelidonieae – genus Stylophorum
Stylophorum	Celandine-poppy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	0
Stylophorum diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt. 1803. Chelidonium diphyllum Michx. 1818. Stylophorum diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt.	Celandine-poppy, Wood-poppy	Introduced, N. America native, Cultivated only Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-Xnn USDA- ARS NSE BNA Images, wsp

Tribe Eschscholtzieae[edit]

Genus Eschscholzia[edit]

Eschscholzia (es-SHOLT-zee-uh} was named in honor of Dr. Johann Friedrich Gustav von Eschscholtz, a 19th-century Estonian surgeon and botanist.

Ranunculales – fam. Papaveraceae – subfam. Papaveroideae – tribe Eschscholtzieae – genus Eschscholzia
Eschscholzia	California-poppy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Eschscholzia californica Cham. ssp. californica Eschscholzia procera Greene	California poppy	Introduced, N. America native			NYFA-X USDA-NX Images, wsp

Subfamily Fumarioideae[edit]

Tribe Fumarieae[edit]

Subtribe Corydalineae[edit]

Genus Dicentra[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Papaveraceae – subfam. Fumarioideae – tribe Fumarieae – subtr. Corydalineae – genus Dicentra
Dicentra	Bleeding-heart	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	n
Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp. 1822. Corydalis canadensis Goldie 1842. Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp. 1892. Bicuculla canadensis (Goldie) Millsp.	Squirrel-corn, Turkey-corn Dicentre du Canada	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS ITIS FNA NSE BNA Images, wsp
Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh. 1753. Fumaria cucullaria L. 1806. Corydalis cucullaria (L.) Pers. 1833. Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh. 1892. Bicuculla cucullaria (L.) Millsp. 1912. Dicentra occidentalis (Rydb.) Fedde	Dutchman's breeches, Turkey-corn, Dicentre à capuchon	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS ITIS FNA NSE BNA Images, wsp
Dicentra eximia (Ker Gawl.) Torr. 1815. Fumaria eximia Ker Gawl. 1843. Dicentra eximia (Ker Gawl.) Torr.	Wild bleeding-heart, Eastern bleeding-heart, Turkey corn, Staggerweed	Introduced, N. America native			NYFA-X USDA-N0 ARS NSE BNA Images, wsp

Genus Lamprocapnos[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Papaveraceae – subfam. Fumarioideae – tribe Fumarieae – subtr. Corydalineae – genus Lamprocapnos
Lamprocapnos	Bleeding-heart	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara 1997 1753. Fumaria spectabilis L. 1831. Diclytra spectabilis (L.) DC. 1847. Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem. 1997. Lamprocapnos spectabilis	Bleeding-heart, Asian bleeding-heart, Common bleedinghearts	Introduced, Asia native		120px	NYFA-X USDA- NEW ARS ITIS Images, wsp

Genus Adlumia[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Papaveraceae – subfam. Fumarioideae – tribe Fumarieae – subtr. Corydalineae – genus Adlumia
Adlumia	Adlumia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Adlumia fungosa (Aiton) Greene ex Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1888 1789. Fumaria fungosa Aiton 1803. Fumaria recta Michx. 1808. Fumaria cirrhosa Raf. 1888. Adlumia fungosa Greene ex BSP 1891. Bicuculla fungosa Kuntze	Allegheny vine, Climbing fumitory, Mountain-fringe, Woodfringe, Canary vine Adlumie fongueuse	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Can ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp

Genus Capnoides[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Papaveraceae – subfam. Fumarioideae – tribe Fumarieae – subtr. Corydalineae – genus Capnoides
Capnoides	Harlequin	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Capnoides sempervirens (L.) Borkh. 1753. Fumaria sempervirens L. 1797. Capnoides sempervirens Borkh. 1806. Corydalis sempervirens Pers. 1813. Corydalis glauca Pursh	Pink corydalis, Pale corydalis, Rock harlequin, Harlequin-flower	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp

Genus Corydalis[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Papaveraceae – subfam. Fumarioideae – tribe Fumarieae – subtr. Corydalineae – genus Corydalis
Corydalis	Fumewort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	3
Corydalis flavula (Raf.) DC. 1824 1808. Fumaria flavula Raf. 1824. Corydalis flavula DC. 1891. Capnoides flavula Kuntze	Yellow corydalis, Yellow fumewort	Native, Vulnerable			NYFA-3 USDA-NN ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Corydalis aurea ssp. aurea	Golden corydalis, Scrambled eggs	Native, Threatened			NYFA-2 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Corydalis incisa (Thunb.) Pers.	Purple keman	Introduced, Rare			NYFA-X USDA-00 Images, wsp

Subtribe Fumariineae[edit]

Genus Fumaria[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Papaveraceae – subfam. Fumarioideae – tribe Fumariineae – subtr. Fumaria
Fumaria	Fumitory	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Fumaria officinalis L. 1753. Fumaria officinalis L.	Common Fumitory, Drug fumitory, Earth smoke, Wax dolls Fumeterre officinal	Introduced, from Eurasia, northern Africa			NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Genus Pseudofumaria[edit]

Ranunculales – fam. Papaveraceae – subfam. Fumarioideae – tribe Fumariineae – subtr. Pseudofumaria
Pseudofumaria	Rock fumitory	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Pseudofumaria lutea (L.) Borkh. 1771. Fumaria lutea L. 1790. Capnoides luteum Gaertn. 1797. Pseudofumaria lutea Borkh. 1805. Corydalis lutea DC.	Rock fumewort, Yellow corydalis, Rock corydalis, Rock fumitory	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-X0 ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp

[1] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Akebia quinata: Moderate (52).

[CP4-2] Appendix 4. Plant species that are considered moderately invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)

[nynhp-3] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2013. Online Conservation Guide for Jeffersonia diphylla. Threatened, S2/G5.

[4] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Berberis thunbergii: Very highly invasive (91%).

[5] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Proposed Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

[CP2-6] Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)

[NE1-7] Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

[8] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Berberis vulgaris: 69 (all).

[CP3-9] Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)

[NE2-10] Category 2 Plants - moderately invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

[11] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2013. Online Conservation Guide for Hydrastis canadensis. Threatened, S2/G4.

[12] New York Flora Atlas recognizes this plant as T. venulosum var. confine, while Flora of North America sees it a separate species T. confine.

[13] James A. Compton, Alastair Culham and Stephen L. Jury (1998). "Reclassification of Actaea to Include Cimicifuga and Souliea (Ranunculaceae): Phylogeny Inferred from Morphology, nrDNA ITS, and cpDNA trnL-F Sequence Variation." Taxon, 47(3) (Aug., 1998), pp. 593-634.

[14] Bruce A. Ford (1997). "Actaea (Linnaeus)." Flora of North America north of Mexico. 3(9)

[15] New York Flora Atlas and Flora of North America list Actaea racemosa as Cimicifuga racemosa. Other sources treat C. racemosa as a synonym.

[DECA-16] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.

[17] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2013. Online Conservation Guide for Aconitum noveboracense. Endangered, S1/G3.

[18] USDA-NRCS Plants Database for Delphinium L.

[19] Delphinium exaltatum Ait. New England Wildflower Society Go Botany website

[20] Delphinium exaltatum distribution map in Flora of North America

[21] "2014 Central New York Native Plant Shopping Guide" Compiled by Habitat Gardening in Central New York, a chapter of Wild Ones: Native Plants, Natural Landscapes

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