Flora of New York/Ranunculales

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Commelinales, Zingiberales, Ceratophyllales 		Flora of New York — Ranunculales : Lardizabalaceae,
Menispermaceae, Berberidaceae, Ranunculaceae, Papaveraceae 		→
Proteales… Saxifragales
Table of
contents 		Genus
index 		Protected species index Invasive species index


Superorder Ceratophyllanae is the probable sister of the eudicots. Its only order Ceratophyllales contains a single living genus.[1]

Superorders Ranunculanae, Proteanae, and Buxanae, are in the basal grade of eudicots.[2]

  1. ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 181 (1): 1–20, doi:10.1111/boj.12385
  2. ↑ James L. Reveal (2012). "An outline of a classification scheme for extant flowering plants (Magnoliidae)." Phytoneuron 2012-37: 1–221. Published 23 April 2012. ISSN 2153 7

The order Ranunculales has about 93 taxa found outside of cultivation in New York. Ranunculales families include:

Clade Order Family Subfamily Tribe Genus Common names #
sister to
eudicots 		Ceratophyllales Ceratophyllaceae — — Ceratophyllum hornwort 2
basal
eudicots 		Ranunculales Lardizabalaceae Lardizabaloideae Akebieae Akebia chocolate vine, fiveleaf akebia 1
Menispermaceae Menispermoideae Menispermeae Menispermum moonseed 1
Berberidaceae Podophylloideae Leonticeae Caulophyllum blue cohosh 2
Podophylleae Podophyllum mayapple, wild mandrake 1
Jeffersonia twinleaf, rheumatism-root 1
Berberidoideae Berberideae Berberis barberry 3
Mahonia Oregon grape 1
Ranunculaceae Hydrastoideae Hydrastideae Hydrastis golden-seal, yellow puccoon 1
Coptidoieae Coptideae Coptis goldthread,
three-leaved goldthread		 1
Xanthorhizeae Xanthorhiza yellowroot 1
Thalictroideae Aquilegieae Aquilegia columbine, wild columbine 2
Enemion false rue anemone 1
Thalictreae Thalictrum meadow rue 7
Ranunculoideae Actaeeae Actaea baneberry 5
Eranthis winter aconite 1
Caltheae Caltha marsh marigold 1
Trollius globeflower 1
Adonis pheasant's eye 2
Delphinieae Aconitum monkshood 3
Delphinium lark-spur 1
Consolida knight's-spur, lark-spur 2
Nigelleae Nigella love-in-a-mist 1
Helleboreae Helleborus hellebore, Christmas-rose 2
Anemoneae Anemone hepatica, thimbleweed 9
Clematis leather flower, virgin's-bower 6
Ranunculeae Halerpestes seaside crowfoot 1
Ceratocephala curvseed butterwort 1
Ficaria celadine 1
Ranunculus buttercup, crowfoot, spearwort 23
Papaveraceae Papaveroideae Papavereae Argemone pricklypoppy 2
Papaver poppy 6
Chelidonieae Sanguinaria bloodroot, red puccuoon 1
Chelidonium greater celandine 1
Macleaya plume poppy 1
Glaucium hornpoppy 2
Stylophorum celandine-poppy 1
Eschscholtzieae Eschscholzia California poppy 1
Fumarioideae Fumarieae Dicentra bleeding-heart, Dutchman's breeches 3
Lamprocapnos Asian bleeding-heart 1
Adlumia climbing fumitory 1
Capnoides harlequin, pink corydalis 1
Corydalis fumewort, corydalis 3
Fumaria fumitory 1
Pseudofumaria rock fumitory, yellow corydalis 1
Proteales Nelumbonaceae − − Nelumbo lotus 2
Platanaceae − − Platanus sycamore 2
Buxales Buxaceae Buxoideae − Buxus boxwood 1
Pachysandroideae Pachysandreae Pachysandra spurge 2

Family Lardizabalaceae[edit | edit source]

The Lardizabalaceae (lardizabala family)...

Subfamily Lardizabaloideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Akebieae[edit | edit source]

Akebia[edit | edit source]
Ranunculales — Lardizabalaceae — Lardizabaloideae — Akebieae — Akebia
Genus Akebia Chocolate-vine N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Houtt.) Dcne.
1779. Rajania quinata Houtt.
1839. Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Dcne.
 Fiveleaf akebia,
Chocolate vine 		Introduced from
 Asia,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 52%[1],
CP-4[2]
NYFA-X
USDA-X0
Go Botany
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  1. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Akebia quinata: Moderate (52).
  2. ↑ Appendix 4. Plant species that are considered moderately invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)

Family Menispermaceae[edit | edit source]

The Menispermaceae (moonseed family)...

Subfamily Menispermoideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Menispermeae[edit | edit source]

Menispermum[edit | edit source]
Ranunculales — Menispermaceae — Menispermoideae — Menispermeae — Menispermum
Genus Menispermum Moonseed N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT

{{../taxon

species = Menispermum canadense author = L. syns =
1753. Menispermum canadense L.
 syns =
    

Family Berberidaceae[edit | edit source]

The Berberidaceae (barberry family) contains several herbaceous genera that are associated with their native woodland wildflowers, including Caulophyllum (blue cohosh), Podophyllum (mayapple), and Jeffersonia (twinleaf). But the family also contains the non-native ornamental shrubs (some highly invasive) known as barberry in the Berberis and closely-related Manonia genera.

Subfamily Podophylloideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Leonticeae[edit | edit source]

Caulophyllum[edit | edit source]
Caulophyllum giganteum
early blue cohosh
Caulophyllum contains the two blue cohosh species found in New York, but it does not include black cohosh, which is not only in a separate genus (Actaea), but also in a different family (Ranunculaceae, below). Blue cohosh leaves have a similarity to Thalictrum (meadow rue) leaves, accounting for the specific epithet thalictroides.

Caulophyllum giganteum (early blue cohosh), appears earlier in the spring than C. thalictroides and has purple flowers instead of yellow.[1]

  1. ↑ Genus: Caulophyllum (blue cohosh) at gobotany.newenglandwild.org
Ranunculales — Berberidaceae — Podophylloideae — Leonticeae — Caulophyllum
Genus Caulophyllum Blue cohosh N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Michx.
1753. Leontice thalictroides L.
1803. Caulophyllum thalictroides Michx.
 Blue cohosh,
Squaw-root,
Papoose-root
Caulophylle faux-pigamon 		Native,
Secure
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
FNA
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Wikispecies
 (Farw.) Loconte & W.H.Blackw.
1918. Caulophyllum thalictroides   var. giganteum Farw.
1981. Caulophyllum giganteum Loconte & W.H.Blackw.
 Northern blue cohosh,
Giant blue cohosh,
Early blue cohosh 		Native,
Unranked
NYFA-3-5
USDA-N
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
FNA
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Differences between early and late blue cohoshes

Blue cohosh differentiation
Caulophyllum common name Flowering time Flowers per
inflorescence 		Sepal color Sepal length Style length
C. gigantium early blue cohosh flowers before leaf expansion,
10-15 days before C. thalictroides 		4 - 8 purple to purple-brown 6 - 9 mm 1 - 2 mm
C. thalictroides late blue cohosh flowers with leaves,
10-15 days after C. gigantium 		5 - 70 yellow to yellow-green 3 - 6 mm ≤1 mm

Tribe Podophylleae[edit | edit source]

Podophyllum[edit | edit source]
Ranunculales — Berberidaceae — Podophylloideae — Podophylleae — Podophyllum
Genus Podophyllum Mayapple N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Podophyllum peltatum L.
 May-apple,
Indian-apple,
Wild-mandrake
Pomme de mai 		Native,
Secure
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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Images
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Jeffersonia[edit | edit source]
twinleaf

Although twinleaf is listed as threatened in New York, its populations have probably remained fairly stable. Because its native habitat includes ravines, its scarcity is more a matter of New York being at the northern edge of its natural range than it is of recent habitat loss. However, invasion of its habitat by exotic plants like garlic mustard and swallow-wort is currently a concern.

Ranunculales — Berberidaceae — Podophylloideae — Podophylleae — Jeffersonia
Genus Jeffersonia Twinleaf N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Pers.
1753. Podophyllum diphyllum L.
1805. Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers.
 Twinleaf,
Twin-leaf,
Rheumatism-root 		Native, CoC: 7,
Threatened,
NYNHP: 2[1]
NYFA-2
USDA-N
ARS-GRIN
FNA
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Jeffersonia diphylla. Threatened, S2/G5.

Subfamily Berberidoideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Berberideae[edit | edit source]

Berberis[edit | edit source]
Berberis thunbergii
Although there are a few North American native barberry species, none are known to have naturalized in New York State (unless Mahonia is included in Berberis). The closest reported occurrence is of Berberis canadensis (American barberry) in Huntington County in south-central Pennsylvania. However the two Eurasian barberries, Berberis thunbergii and Berberis vulgaris are quite common and considered to be invasive in New York. If fact, the sale of fertile Japanese barberry (B. thunbergii) is now prohibited in the state.
Berberis sect. Berberis[edit | edit source]
Barberry differentiation
Barberry species Leaf margin Spines / thorns[1][2] Flowers
Berberis thunbergii, Japanese barberry Entire (smooth) 1 (or 1 with 2 short side-branches) Sessile umbel
Berberis vulgaris, European barberry Serrate (toothed) 3 (or 1 with 2 long side-branches) Racemes of 10-25
Berberis × ottawensis, Ottawa barberry Entire (smooth) 1 to 3 Subumbellate-raceme
Berberis canadensis, American barberry Serrate (toothed) 3 (or 1 with 2 long side-branches) Racemes of 5-10
Ranunculales — Berberidaceae — Berberidoideae — Berberis
Genus Berberis Barberry N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 DC.
1821. Berberis thunbergii DC.
1926. Berberis thunbergii   var. atropurpurea Chenault
 Japanese barberry
Épine-vinette du Japon 		Introduced from
 eastern Asia,
Very highly invasive,
 NYIS: 91%[3],
Prohibited,
CP-2[4] NE-1[5]
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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 L.
1753. Berberis vulgaris L.
1845. Berberis vulgaris   var. purpurea Bertin ex Jacques & Hérincq
1860. Berberis vulgaris   fo. atropurpurea Regel
1869. Berberis jacquinii hort. ex K.Koch
1869. Berberis sanguinea hort. ex K.Koch
 Common barberry,
European barberry,
Jaundice-berry
Épine-vinette commune,
Épine-vinette,
Berbéris vulgaire,
Berbéride vulgaire 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 69%[6],
CP-3[7] NE-2[8]
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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 C.K.Schneid.
  Berberis thunbergii ×
  Berberis vulgaris
1927. Berberis × ottawensis C.K.Schneid.
 Hybrid barberry,
Ottawa barberry 		Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
Present in New Eng.
Clinton (2014) 		NYFA-Xn
USDA-XX
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 C.K.Schneid.
1913. Berberis julianae C.K.Schneid.
 Juliana's berberis,
Wintergreen barberry,
Chinese barberry 		Introduced from
 China,
Highly invasive,
NYS Tier 2,
Single population,
Not naturalized
NYFA: Suffolk
iNat: 5 counties 		NYFA-X
USDA-X0
iNaturalist
ARS-GRIN
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Genus Berberis (unlisted taxa) Barberry N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Palibin.
1899. Berberis koreana Palibin.
 Korea barberry Introduced from
 Asia,
No specimens,
Present in Vermont

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 Mill.
1768. Berberis canadensis Mill.
1869. Berberis fischeri hort. ex K.Koch*
1894. Berberis angulizans hort. ex Massias
 American barberry,
Allegheny barberry 		N. America native

USDA-N0
iNaturalist
FNA
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ Berberis, New York Metropolitan Flora Project, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 2015
  2. ↑ Berberis thunbergii Japanese barberry, USDA Plant Pest Info
  3. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Berberis thunbergii: Very highly invasive (91%).
  4. ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)
  5. ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service
  6. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Berberis vulgaris: 69 (all).
  7. ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)
  8. ↑ Category 2 Plants - moderately invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service
Berberis sect. Mahonia[edit | edit source]
Berberis aquifolium
Berberis sect. Mahonia has also been treated as a separate genus Mahonia. It contains the Oregon grape, which is native to the west coast of North America. It is considered very invasive in Europe and is known to escape cultivation throughout New York.

Also present in the southeastern part of the states is Berberis bealei (Beale's oregon-grape) which is listed as Highly Invasive/NYS Tier 2 by iMapInvasives and is considered an aggressive invader in the Southeastern United States.[1]

  1. ↑ Craig R. Allen, Ahjond S. Garmestani, Jill A. LaBram, Amanda E. Peck & Luanna B. Prevost (2006). "When Landscaping Goes Bad: The Incipient Invasion of Mahonia bealei in the Southeastern United States." Biol Invasions 8, 169–176.
Ranunculales — Berberidaceae — Berberidoideae — Berberis sect. Mahonia
Genus Berberis Barberry N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Pursh) Nutt.
1813. Berberis aquifolium Pursh
1818. Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.
1906. Odostemon aquifolium (Pursh) Rydb.
1931. Mahonia diversifolia Sweet
1934. Mahonia piperiana Abrams
1939. Berberis piperiana McMinn
1940. Berberis diversifolia Steud.
 Oregon grape,
Piper's Oregon-grape,
Oregon holly-grape,
Tall mahonia,
Hollyleaved barberry
Mahonia à
  feuilles de houx,
Mahonia faux-houx,
Faux-houx,
Mahonia 		Introduced from
 western N. America,
N. America native,
Lower Hudson Tier 5
NYFA-Xn?
USDA-NN
Go Botany
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 Fortune
1850. Berberis bealei Fortune
1855. Mahonia bealei (Fortune) Carrière
1901. Mahonia japonica   var. bealei (Fortune) Fedde
Leatherleaf mahonia
Beale's oregon-grape
 Introduced from
 Asia,
Highly invasive,
NYS Tier 2[1]
iNat: 7 counties
USDA-X0
iNaturalist
Tropicos
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  1. ↑ New York State Invasive Species Tiers, iMapInvaisves, Mahonia bealei

Family Ranunculaceae[edit | edit source]

The Ranunculaceae...

Subfamily Hydrastoideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Hydrastideae[edit | edit source]

Hydrastis[edit | edit source]
Hydrastis canadensis
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Hydrastoideae — Hydrastideae — Hydrastis
Genus Hydrastis Goldenseal N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 Goldenseal,
Golden-seal,
Orange-root,
Yellow-puccoon
Hydraste du Canada,
Sceau d'or 		Native, CoC: 9,
Threatened,
NYNHP: 2[1]
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-2
USDA-NN
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Note: FLNPS
  1. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Hydrastis canadensis. Threatened, S2/G4.

Subfamily Coptidoideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Coptideae[edit | edit source]

Coptis[edit | edit source]
Coptis trifolia
Goldthread (Coptis trifolia)
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Coptidoideae — Coptideae
Genus Coptis Goldthread N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Salisb.
1753. Helleborus trifolius L.
1771. Anemone groenlandica Oeder
1807. Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.
1929. Coptis groenlandica (Oeder) Fernald
1937. Coptis trifolia   ssp. groenlandica (Oeder) Hultén
1947. Coptis trifolia   var. groenlandica (Oeder) Fassett
Goldthread
Three-leaved goldthread
Threeleaf goldthread
Yellow snakeroot
Goldenroot
American goldthread
Canker-root
Savoyane
Coptide du Groenland
Coptide savoyane
Sabouillane
 Native,
Secure
FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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Tribe Xanthorhizeae[edit | edit source]

Xanthorhiza[edit | edit source]
Xanthorhiza simplicissima
yellowroot
Shrub yellowroot (Xanthorhiza simplicissima) is the only species of its genus and one of the few woody plants in the Ranunculaceae. It is native to the southeastern US and introduced in parts the northeast. Its naturalization status in New York is uncertain.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Coptidoideae — Xanthorhizeae
Genus Xanthorhiza Yellowroot N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Marshall
1785. Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marshall
1788. Xanthorhiza apiifolia L'Hér.
 Yellowroot,
Brook-feather,
Shrub yellowroot 		Introduced,
N. America native
Bronx Columbia Schenectady Suffolk Westchester 		NYFA-X
USDA-N0
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Subfamily Thalictroideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Aquilegieae[edit | edit source]

Aquilegia[edit | edit source]
Aquilegia canadensis
red columbine
Columbine (Aquilegia) includes at least 22 species that are native to western North America, but only red columbine (A. canadensis) appears to be native in the east. European columbine is also common in New York State, where it has naturalized.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Thalictroideae — Aquilegieae — Aquilegia
Genus Aquilegia Columbine N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Aquilegia canadensis L.
Wild columbine
Red columbine
Wild red columbine
Canadian columbine
Red-bell
Honeysuckle
Meeting-houses
Ancolie du Canada
 Native, CoC: 5,
Secure
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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 L.
1753. Aquilegia vulgaris L.
 European columbine Introduced
N. R.
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Go Botany
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Enemion[edit | edit source]
Enemion biternatum
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Thalictroideae — Aquilegieae — Enemion
Genus Enemion False-rue-anemone N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Raf.
1820. Enemion biternatum Raf.
1840. Isopyrum biternatum (Raf.) Torr. & A. Gray
False rue anemone
Eastern false rue anemone
 Native, CoC: 10,
Likely extirpated,
SX, G5
FAC-FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb
Erie (no date) 		NYFA-Z
USDA-NN
iNaturalist
FNA
Images
Wikispecies

Tribe Thalictreae[edit | edit source]

Thalictrum[edit | edit source]
Thalictrum pubescens
Meadow rue
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Thalictroideae — Thalictreae
Genus Thalictrum sect. Heterogamia Meadow-rue N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Thalictrum dioicum L.
1803. Thalictrum laevigatum Michx.
1832. Thalictrum pauciflorum Raf.
1885. Thalictrum pulchellum Pursh
1914. Leucocoma dioica (L.) Nieuwl.
 Early meadow-rue,
Quicksilver-weed
Pigamon dioïque 		Native,
Secure
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
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 Trel.
1886. Thalictrum venulosum Trel.
1900. Thalictrum confine Fernald
1949. Thalictrum turneri B.Boivin
1966. Thalictrum venulosum   var. confine (Fernald) Boivin
 Early meadow-rue,
Veined meadow-rue,
Veiny meadow-rue 		Native,
Endangered
Clinton (1949, 1993),
Essex (1980, 1995) 		NYFA-1
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Thalictrum sect. Anemonella Meadow-rue N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) A.J.Eames & B.Boivin
1753. Anemone thalictroides L.
1803. Thalictrum anemonoides Michx.
1805. Thalictrum anemoides Maxim.
1832. Syndesmon thalictroides Hoffmanns.
1839. Anemonella thalictroides Spach
1957. Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) A.J.Eames & B.Boivin
 Rue anemone,
Windflower
Pigamon à ombelles 		Native,
Secure
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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Genus Thalictrum sect. Leucocoma Meadow-rue N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Pursh
1788. Thalictrum carolinianum Walter
1813. Anemone walteri Pursh
1814. Thalictrum pubescens Pursh
1818. Thalictrum carolinianum   var. subpubescens DC.
1825. Thalictrum polygamum Muhl. ex Spreng.
1841. Thalictrum walteri (Pursh) Spreng. ex Steud.
1910. Thalictrum perelegans Greene
 King of the meadow,
Late meadow-rue,
Tall meadow-rue,
Meadow-weed,
Muskrat-weed
Pigamon pubescent 		Native,
Secure
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
GBIF
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 DC.
    Thalictrum amphibolum Greene
    Thalictrum hepaticum Greene
    Thalictrum moseleyi Greene
 Purple meadow-rue,
Skunk meadow-rue,
Wax-leaved meadow-rue,
Waxyleaf meadow-rue 		Native,
Secure
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
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 Fisch. & Avé-Lall.
    Thalictrum dasycarpum   var. hypoglaucum
    Thalictrum hypoglaucum Rydb.
 Purple meadow-rue Introduced,
N. America native
NYFA-X
USDA-NN
FNA
Images
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Genus Thalictrum sect. ? Meadow-rue N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 Columbine meadow-rue,
French meadow-rue,
Greater meadow-rue 		Introduced,
Rare,
Eurasia native
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Go Botany-0
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies

Subfamily Ranunculoideae[edit | edit source]

The Ranunculoideae contains the New York tribes Actaeeae, Anemoneae, Caltheae, Delphinieae, Helleboreae, Nigelleae, and Ranunculeae.[1]
  1. ↑ Ranunculoideae at Wikispecies

Tribe Actaeeae[edit | edit source]

The tribe Actaeeae contains the genera Actaea, Anemonopsis, Beesia, and Eranthis.[1] Of these, Actaea and Eranthis have species found outside of cultivation in New York. This tribe has also gone by the name Cimicifugeae.[2]
  1. ↑ James A. Compton and Alastair Culham (2002) "Phylogeny and Circumscription of Tribe Actaeeae (Ranunculaceae)." Systematic Botany, Vol. 27, No. 3 (Jul.-Sep., 2002), pp. 502-511, American Society of Plant Taxonomists
  2. ↑ Cimicifugeae at Wikispecies
Actaea[edit | edit source]
Actaea rubra
red baneberry
Here the genus Cimicifuga (bugbane) is included in Actaea (baneberry) as per Compton (1998).[1]

Berry-color alone can't be used to distinguish red and white baneberry from each other. Even at maturity, red baneberry (Actaea rubra) plants frequently have white fruit (sometimes differentiated as forma neglecta). Red or pink berries on white baneberry, Actaea pachypoda (fo. rubrocarpa), are less common and may indicate that the plant is a hybrid (Actaea ×ludovici) of the two species.

A better way to distinguish red and white baneberry is to observe the color and width of the fruit pedicels. Red baneberry has brown or greenish pedicels that are thinner than the axis of their raceme. White baneberry has bright red and much thicker pedicels that are about the same diameter as the raceme axis.[2]

  1. ↑ James A. Compton, Alastair Culham and Stephen L. Jury (1998). "Reclassification of Actaea to Include Cimicifuga and Souliea (Ranunculaceae): Phylogeny Inferred from Morphology, nrDNA ITS, and cpDNA trnL-F Sequence Variation." Taxon, 47(3) (Aug., 1998), pp. 593-634.
  2. ↑ Bruce A. Ford (1997). "Actaea (Linnaeus)." Flora of North America north of Mexico. 3(9)
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Actaeeae — Actaea
Genus Actaea L. Baneberry N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Aiton) Willd.
1789. Actaea spicata   var. rubra Aiton
1809. Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd.
1838. Actaea arguta Nutt.
1857. Actaea rubra   var. arguta (Nutt.) Torr.
1914. Christophoriana rubra (Aiton) Nieuwl.
1944. Actaea rubra   ssp. arguta (Nutt.) Hultén
 Red baneberry,
Snakeberry
Actée rouge 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Sun-shade
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
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 Elliott
1753. Actaea spicata   var. alba L. nom. rej.
1768. Actaea alba auct. non (L.) Mill.
1813. Actaea americana   var. alba (L.) Pursh
1821. Actaea pachypoda Elliott
1914. Christophoriana alba (L.) Nieuwl.
 White baneberry,
Doll's-eyes,
White cohosh
Actée à gros pédicelles,
Actée blanche 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure
UPL
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Part shade-shade
NYFA-5
USDA-N
Go Botany
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ARS-GRIN
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 B.Boivin
  Actaea pachypoda ×
  Actaea rubra
1940. Actaea pachypoda   fo. rubrocarpa Fernald
1967. Actaea × ludovici B.Boivin
1967. Actaea × ludovicii B.Boivin
 Louis’s baneberry,
Ludovic's baneberry,
Hybrid
 Red baneberry &
 White baneberry 		Native,
Vulnerable
NYFA-3-4
USDA-N
COL
GBIF
Kew POWO
Go Botany
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Actaea racemosa L.
1788. Actaea monogyna Walter
1813. Cimicifuga serpentaria (L.) Pursh n.i.
1818. Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt.[1]
1890. Cimicifuga racemosa A.Gray
1891. Thalictrodes racemosa (L.) Kuntze
1998. Actaea racemosa J.Compton
 Black cohosh,
Black snakeroot,
Bugbane,
Black baneberry,
Black bugbane,
Fairy candle
Cimicaire à grappes 		Native, CoC: 7,
Likely secure
UPL
Perennial,
Herb/forb,
Part-full shade
NYFA-4
USDA-NN
Go Botany
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Genus Actaea L. (excluded taxa) Bugbane N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 DC.
 Mountain bugbane,
Mountain black cohosh 		N. America native,
N.Y. excluded
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-N0
Images
Wikispecies
 (Kearney) Kartesz
1897. Cimicifuga rubifolia Kearney
1999. Actaea rubifolia Kartesz
 auct. Actaea cordifolia non DC.
 auct. Cimicifuga racemosa   var. cordifolia non (DC.) A.Gray
 auct. Cimicifuga cordifolia non (DC.) Torr. & A.Gray
 Appalachian bugbane Introduced,
US South native
NYFA-0
USDA-N0
FNA
NatureServe
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ Flora of North America lists Actaea racemosa as Cimicifuga racemosa. Other sources treat C. racemosa as a synonym.
Eranthis[edit | edit source]
Eranthis hyemalis
winter aconite
Winter aconite (Eranthis hyemalis) is native to parts of Europe and is cultivated elsewhere, including New York. It occasionally spreads into adjacent lawns but is not known to truly naturalize in New York.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Actaeeae — Eranthis
Genus Eranthis Eranthis N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Salisb.
    Cammarum hyemale
    Eranthis cilicicus
    Eranthis × tubergenii
    Helleborus hyemalis
 Winter aconite Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Not naturalized
Cayuga & Ulster 		NYFA-X
USDA-X
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies

Tribe Caltheae[edit | edit source]

Caltha[edit | edit source]
Caltha palustris L.
marsh marigold
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Caltheae — Caltha
Genus Caltha Marsh-marigold N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Caltha palustris L.
1807. Caltha radicans T.F.Forst.
1818. Caltha asarifolia DC.
1824. Caltha arctica R.Brown
1854. Caltha cornuta Schott, Nyman & Kotschy
1854. Caltha laeta Schott, Nyman & Kotschy
 Marsh marigold,
Yellow marsh marigold,
Cowslip,
Cowflock,
Kingcup
Populage des marais,
Souci d'eau 		Native,
Secure
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
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Trollius[edit | edit source]
Trollius laxus
American globe-flower
Most of the known populations of American globe-flower are found in open parts of calcareous wetlands in central New York State.[1]
  1. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2019. Online Conservation Guide for Trollius laxus. Available from: https://guides.nynhp.org/spreading-globeflower/. Accessed May 14, 2019.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Caltheae — Trollius
Genus Trollius Globeflower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Salisb.
 ssp. laxus
1807. Trollius laxus Salisb.
1818. Trollius americanus Muhl. ex DC.
1971. Trollius laxus   ssp. laxus
American globe-flower,
Spreading globeflower 		Native, CoC: 9,
Rare,
NYNHP: S3[1]
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Part shade
NYFA-3
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN-0
FNA
Tropicos
LBJ
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  1. ↑ New York Rare Plant Status Lists, March 2019, Compiled by Stephen M. Young, New York Natural Heritage Program.
Adonis[edit | edit source]
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Caltheae — Adonis
Genus Adonis Pheasant's eye N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1762. Adonis aestivalis L.
 Summer adonis,
Summer pheasant's eye 		Introduced,
Not naturalized
Richmond only 		NYFA-X
USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Adonis (excluded taxa) Pheasant's eye N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
    
    
    
 Blooddrops Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
Spring pheasant's eye,
Spring adonis,
Ox-eye 		Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies

Tribe Delphinieae[edit | edit source]

Recent phylogenetic research has shown the genera Consolida and Aconitella to be embedded within Delphinium as an annual clade within an otherwise perennial genus.[1]
  1. ↑ Florian Jabbour & Susanne S. Renner (2011) "Consolida and Aconitella are an annual clade of Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) that diversified in the Mediterranean basin and the Irano-Turanian region." TAXON 60(4), August 2011:1029-1040
Aconitum[edit | edit source]
Aconitum noveboracense
northern monkshood
The only native member of the Delphinieae (syn. Aconiteae) is the endangered northern blue monkshood, which as Aconitum noveboracense is found in only Iowa, New York, Ohio, and Wisconsin. A. noveboracense has been treated as synonymous with Aconitum columbianum ssp. columbianum (Columbia monkshood), which is native to much of western North America.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Delphinieae — Aconitum
Genus Aconitum Monkshood N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 A.Gray
1838. A. columbianum   var. columbianum misapplied
1886. A. noveboracense A.Gray ex Coville
1929. A. noveboracense   var. quasiciliatum Fassett
1964. A. uncinatum   ssp. noveboracense (A. Gray) Hardin
 Northern blue monkshood,
Northern wild monkshood,
Northern monk's-hood,
New York monkshood,
Columbia monkshood
Aconit du Columbia 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1],
FWS: 1,
NYNHP: 1[2]
Chenango, (Delaware), Sullivan, Ulster 		NYFA-1
USDA-N0
Go Botany-0
VASCAN
iNaturalist
ARS-GRIN
FNA
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Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Aconitum napellus L.
 Garden monkshood,
Venus' chariot 		Introduced from
 Europe,
Naturalized
(Broome), Clinton, (Monroe), Otsego, Tompkins 		NYFA-X
USDA-X
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Genus Aconitum (excluded taxa) Monkshood N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1762. Aconitum uncinatum L.
1818. A. uncinatumvar. muticum
1942. A. uncinatumvar. acutidens
1964. A. uncinatumssp. muticum
 Wild monkshood,
Southern blue monkshood 		Introduced,
N. America native
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb
No NY reports
(reports in MA & PA) 		NYFA-0
USDA-N0
Go Botany
FNA
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
  2. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Aconitum noveboracense. Endangered, S1/G3.
Delphinium[edit | edit source]
Larkspur species, previously listed in the Consolida genus are annuals that are now considered to be a clade embedded the perennial Delphinium genus.[1]

Although there were more than sixty Delphinium species native to North America before inclusion of Consolida, none are considered to be native to New York or New England, and none had been reported to have naturalized in New York.[2] The only naturalized Delphinium species in New England is Delphinium exaltatum,[3] which is native to an area that extends as far northeast as northeastern Ohio and southwestern Pennsylvania.[4] Delphinium exaltatum is also distribuded in New York in the "native plant" trade.[5]

  1. ↑ Pierre-Emmanuel DuPasquier, Véronique Andro-Durand, Lucas Batory, Wei Wang, Florian Jabbour (2021). "Nomenclatural revision of Delphinium subg. Consolida (DC.) Huth (Ranunculaceae)." PhytoKeys 180: 81-110.
  2. ↑ USDA-NRCS Plants Database for Delphinium L.
  3. ↑ Delphinium exaltatum Ait. New England Wildflower Society Go Botany website
  4. ↑ Delphinium exaltatum distribution map in Flora of North America
  5. ↑ "2014 Central New York Native Plant Shopping Guide" Compiled by Habitat Gardening in Central New York, a chapter of Wild Ones: Native Plants, Natural Landscapes
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Delphinieae — Delphinium
Genus Delphinium Larkspur N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Delphinium ajacis L.
1853. Consolida ajacei (L.) Schur
 auct. Delphinium ambigua non L.
 auct. Consolida ambigua non (L.) P.W.Ball & Heywood
 Doubtful knight's-spur,
Rocket larkspur,
Ajax' larkspur
Pied-d'alouette d'Ajax,
Dauphinelle d'Ajax 		Introduced
Annual,
Herb-forb
NYFA-X
USDA-X
Go Botany
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FNA
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 L.
1753. Delphinium consolida L.
1822. Consolida regalis Gray
 Forking larkspur,
Royal larkspur,
Rocket larkspur,
Field larkspur
Pied-d'alouette royal,
Dauphinelle consoude,
Pied d'alouette 		Introduced
Annual,
Herb-forb
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Delphinium (excluded taxa) Larkspur N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Boiss. & A.Huet.
1856. D. formosum Boiss. & A.Huet.
    
    
 Hardy larkspur,
Showy larkspur 		Introduced from
 western Asia,
N.Y. excluded
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-EXCLD
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
 Aiton
1786. Delphinium urceolatum Jacq.
1789. Delphinium exaltatum Aiton
1803. Delphinium tridactylum Michx.
1830. Delphinium exaltatum (Aiton) Raf.
1914. Delphinastrum exaltatum
(Aiton) Nieuwl.
 Tall larkspur Introduced,
US South native,
No reports
Perennial,
Forb-herb
NYFA-0
USDA-N0
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
NatureServe
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Tribe Nigelleae[edit | edit source]

Nigella[edit | edit source]
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Nigelleae — Nigella
Genus Nigella Nigella N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Nigella damascena L.
 Love-in-a-mist,
Devil-in-the-bush,
Jack-in-the-green,
Wild fennel,
Damascus hellebore
Nigelle de Damas 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa
Annual,
Herb-forb
NYFA-X
USDA-X
Go Botany
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ARS-GRIN
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FNA
Tropicos
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IPN
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Tribe Helleboreae[edit | edit source]

The Helleboreae...[1]

Helleborus[edit | edit source]
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Helleboreae
Genus Helleborus L. Hellebore N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Helleborus niger L
 Black hellebore,
Christmas rose
Hellébore noire,
Rose de Noël 		Introduced from
 Europe
NYFA-X
USDA-X
ARS-GRIN
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Helleborus viridis L
 Green hellebore Introduced from
 Europe
NYFA-X
USDA-X
ARS-GRIN
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ H. Sun, et al. (2001) "Molecular phylogeny of Helleborus (Ranunculaceae), with an emphasis on the East Asian-Mediterranean disjunction." Taxon 50:1001–1018.

Tribe Anemoneae[edit | edit source]

The grouping of Anemoneae used here is based on Mosyakin (2016).[1] and Hoot & al. (2012)[2]
  1. ↑ Mosyakin, S.L. 2016. Nomenclatural notes on North American taxa of Anemonastrum and Pulsatilla (Ranunculaceae), with comments on the circumscription of Anemone and related genera. Phytoneuron 2016-79: 1–12. Published 12 December 2016. ISSN 2153 733X
  2. ↑ Sara B. Hoot, Kyle M. Meyer, and John C. Manning (2012). "Phylogeny and Reclassification of Anemone (Ranunculaceae), with an Emphasis on Austral Species." Systematic Botany 37(1): pp. 139–152, Copyright 2012 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists DOI 10.1600/036364412X616729
Hepatica[edit | edit source]
Hepatica acutiloba
Because the genus Hepatica Mill. (1754) has been shown to be phylogenetically embedded within Anemone is has also been treated as Anemone sect. Hepatica.[1] The two New York Hepatica species (sharp-lobe and round-lobe hepatica) are also occasionally treated as subspecies of the Eurasian Hepatica nobilis (as var. acuta and var. obtusa).
  1. ↑ Native Plant Trust (Go Botany 2022). Genus: Anemone — windflower.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Anemoneae — Hepatica
Genus Hepatica Mill. Hepatica N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 DC.
1813. Hepatica triloba   var. acuta Pursh
1824. Hepatica acutiloba DC.
1884. Anemone acutiloba (DC.) G.Lawson
1891. Hepatica acuta (Pursh) Britton
1916. Hepatica hepatica   var. albiflora (R.Hoffm.) Farw.
1960. Hepatica nobilis   var. acuta (Pursh) Steyerm.
 Sharplobe hepatica,
American liverleaf,
Liverwort-herb,
Sharp-lobed hepatica 		Native
 eastern Canada
 north-central & eastern USA,
Secure
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
GBIF
Kew POWO
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 (DC.) Ker Gawl.
1814. Hepatica triloba   var. obtusa Pursh
1817. Hepatica triloba   var. americana DC.
1819. Hepatica americana (DC.) Ker Gawl.
1882. Hepatica hepatica (L.) H. Karst. p.p.
1958. Anemone americana (DC.) H.Hara
1960. Hepatica nobilis   var. obtusa Steyerm.
 Round-lobed hepatica,
Blunt-lobed Hepatica,
Round-leaved liverleaf,
American liverleaf
Hépatique d'Amérique,
Anémone d'Amérique,
Hépatique noble 		Native
 eastern Canada
 north-central & eastern USA,
Secure
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
GBIF
Kew POWO
VASCAN
iNaturalist
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Anemonastrum[edit | edit source]
Anemonastrum canadense
Based on phylogenetic studies, Anemonastrum was segregated from Anemone by Sergei Mosyakin in 2016[1]
  1. ↑ Mosyakin, S.L. 2016. Nomenclatural notes on North American taxa of Anemonastrum and Pulsatilla (Ranunculaceae), with comments on the circumscription of Anemone and related genera. Phytoneuron 2016-79: 1–12. Published 12 December 2016. ISSN 2153 733X
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Anemoneae — Anemonastrum
Genus Anemonastrum Windflower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Mosyakin
1768. Anemone canadensis L.
1892. Anemone dichotoma   var. canadensis C.MacMill.
1982. Anemonidium canadense (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve
2016. Anemonastrum canadense (L.) Mosyakin
 Canada anemone,
Canadian anemone,
Canada windflower,
Meadow anemone,
Meadow windflower,
Round-leaved anemone,
Round-leaved thimbleweed
Anémone du Canada 		Native,
Secure
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
FNA
BONAP
LBJ
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Anemonoides[edit | edit source]
Anemonoides quinquefolia
The genus Anemonoides has until recently been included in genus Anemone, though many sources, including the New York Flora Atlas, continue to list it as part of Anemone.

The North American species A. quinquefolia has at various times been treated as a variety of the European species A. nemorosa. Although they are fairly similar, they are now generally treated as separate species.

A. nemorosa is not listed in the New York Flora Atlas but is commonly planted in North America, where it occasionally naturalizes.

Even though quinquefolia should indicate 5 leaves, wood anemone has only 3 leaflets per leaf.

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Anemoneae — Anemonoides
Genus Anemonoides Anemone N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Holub
 var. quinquefolia
1753. Anemone quinquefolia L.
1808. Anemone pedata Raf.
1813. Anemone nemorosa   var. quinquefolia (L.) Pursh
1914. Anemonanthea quinquefolia (L.) Nieuwl.
1923. Anemone quinquefolia   var. bifolia Farw.
1935. Anemone quinquefolia   var. interior Fernald
1968. Anemone nemorosa   var. bifolia (Farw.) B.Boivin
1973. Anemonoides quinquefolia (L.) Holub
 Wood anemone,
Nightcaps,
American wood anemone,
Wood windflower
Anémone à cinq folioles 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
FNA
Tropicos
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 (L.) Holub
1753. Anemone nemorosa L.
1763. Anemone nemorosa-alba Crantz
1789. Pulsatilla nemorosa (L.) Schrank
1822. Anemonanthea nemorosa (L.) Gray
1842. Anemone pentaphylla Hook. ex Pritz.
1868. Anemanthus nemorosus (L.) Fourr.
1973. Anemonoides nemorosa (L.) Holub
Wood anemone
Windflower
European thimbleweed
 Introduced from
 Europe to western Asia

NYFA: 0 counties
iNat: 0 counties
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Wikispecies
Anemone[edit | edit source]
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Anemoneae — Anemone subg. Anemone
Genus Anemone Anemone N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Anemone virginiana L.
1841. Anemone cylindrica   var. alba Oakes
1847. Anemone virginiana   var. alba (Oakes) Wood
1899. Anemone riparia Fernald
1967. Anemone virginiana   var. riparia (Fernald) B.Boivin
1969. Anemone virginiana   var. cylindroidea B.Boivin
1969. Anemone virginiana   var. virginiana autonym
 Thimbleweed,
Tall anemone,
Tall thimbleweed,
Tall windflower,
Virginia anemone,
Riverbank anemone,
Cylindrical anemone
Anémone de Virginie,
Anémone cylindroïde,
Anémone blanche 		Native, CoC: 5,
Secure
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
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 A.Gray
1835. Anemone cylindrica A.Gray
 Long-headed anemone,
Long-headed windflower,
Long-fruited anemone,
Candle anemone,
Thimbleweed,
Cottonweed
Anémone cylindrique 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
FNA
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 Poir.
 var. multifida
    Anemone globosa
    Anemone hudsoniana
 Hudson Bay anemone,
Hudson's anemone,
Pacific anemone,
Sanson's anemone 		Native, CoC: 10,
Likely extirpated
NYFA-Z
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Anemone (excluded taxa) Anemone N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
A. cylindrica × virginiana
  Anemone cylindrica ×
  Anemone virginiana
 Hybrid of
 long-headed anemone &
 thimbleweed 		N. America native,
N.Y. excluded
NYFA-Excluded
Images
Wikispecies
Clematis[edit | edit source]
Clematis virginiana
Clematis plants are generally vines or subshrubs that go by the common names virgin's-bower, leather-leaf, curly-heads or just clematis.

There are three NY-native Clematis species that range from the common (sometimes weedy) C. virginiana, to the rare (probably extirpated) C. ochroleuca, which is at the extreme northern extent of its range in New York has only been found in the wilds of New York City, and not reported there since the 1930's.

Many non-native Clematis vines are planted for ornamental purposes, but most rarely, if ever, naturalize in New York State. However, C. terniflora has been found to be highly invasive in parts of New York, and is currently on the state's Regulated Species list.[1]

  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Anemoneae — Clematis
Genus Clematis subg. Clematis Virgin's-bower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1755. Clematis virginiana L.
1768. Clematis canadensis Miller
1814. Clematis holosericea Pursh
1885. C. dioicassp. virginiana Kunze
1901. Clematis missouriensis Rydb.
1935. C. virginianavar. missouriensis
 Virgin's-bower,
Devil's darning needles,
Virginia clematis,
Virginia bower,
Virginia virgin's bower,
Old man's beard
Clématite de Virginie,
Herbe aux gueux 		Native, CoC: 3,
Secure
FAC
Perennial,
Vine, subshrub,
Sun - shade
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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Genus Clematis subg. Atragene Virgin's-bower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Hornem.) DC.
var. occidentalis
1805. Atragene americana Sims
1815. A. occidentalis Hornem.
1818. Clematis verticillaris DC.
1824. C. occidentalis DC.
1947. C. verticillarisvar. cacuminis
1968. C. verticillarisvar. grandiflora
 Purple clematis,
Purple virgin’s-bower,
Western blue virginsbower,
Northern blue clematis
Clématite verticillée,
Atragène d'Amérique,
Clématite occidentale 		Native, CoC: 9,
Likely secure
UPL
Perennial,
Vine, subshrub,
Part shade - shade
NYFA-4
USDA-NN
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Genus Clematis subg. Viorna Virgin's-bower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Aiton
1789. Clematis ochroleuca Aiton
1814. C. ovata Pursh
1885. C. integrifoliassp. ovata
1903. Viorna ochroleuca (Aiton) Small
1903. Viorna ovata (Pursh) Small (i)
1931. C. ochroleucavar. ovata
1982. Coriflora ochroleuca
(Aiton) W.A.Weber
 Curlyheads,
Curly-heads,
Silky leather-flower,
Erect silky leather-flower 		Native, CoC: 10,
Likely extirpated,
Impersistent
UPL
Perennial,
Herb-subshrub
NYFA-Z
USDA-N0
FNA
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Genus Clematis subg. Flammula Virgin's-bower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 DC.
1817. Clematis terniflora DC.
1909. C. dioscoreifolia H.Lév. & Vaniot
1945. C. dioscoreifolia   var. robusta (Carrière) Rehder
 Yam-leaved clematis,
Yam-leaved virgin's-bower,
Sweet autumn clematis,
Sweet autumn virginsbower,
Japanese virgin's-bower
Clématite à panicules 		Introduced from
 Asia,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS: 73%[1],
Regulated[2]
FACU-UPL
Perennial,
Vine, subshrub
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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 L.
1753. Clematis Viticella L.
1903. Viticella viticella (L.) Small
nom. illeg. - tautonym
1949. Clematis viticellafo. purpurea
 European purple clematis,
Italian clematis,
Italian leather flower,
Italian virgin's-bower
Clématite fausse-vigne,
Clématite bleue 		Introduced from
 Eruasia,
Impersistent,
Rare
Perennial,
Vine
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
VASCAN
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 L.
 Ground virgin's-bower Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-XX
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  1. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Clematis terniflora: High (73).
  2. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

Tribe Ranunculeae[edit | edit source]

The Ranunculeae...

Halerpestes[edit | edit source]
Halerpestes cymbalaria
The seaside buttercup [1]
  1. ↑ Hörandl, Elvira; Paun, Ovidiu; Johansson, Jan T.; Lehnebach, Carlos; Armstrong, Tristan; Chen, Lixue; Lockhart, Peter (2005). "Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary traits in Ranunculus s.l. (Ranunculaceae) inferred from ITS sequence analysis". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 36 (2): 305–327. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.02.009. PMID 15955512.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Halerpestes
Genus Halerpestes Seaside crowfoot N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Pursh) Greene
1814. Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh
1900. Halerpestes cymbalaria (Pursh) Greene
1975. Cyrtorhyncha cymbalaria   ssp. alpina (Hook.) Á.Löve & D.Löve
 Alkali buttercup,
Seaside buttercup,
Seaside crowfoot
Renoncule cymbalaire 		Native,
Endangered
NYFA-1
USDA-N
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Ceratocephala[edit | edit source]
Ceratocephala testiculata,
curveseed butterwort
Ceratocephala testiculata (curveseed butterwort) is a Eurasian introduction, more common in the western U.S., where it is often considered invasive.
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ceratocephala
Genus Ceratocephala Curveseed-butterwort N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Crantz) Roth
1763. Ranunculus testiculatus Crantz
1817. Ceratocephala orthoceras DC.
1821. Ceratocephala testiculata (Crantz) Besser
1880. Ranunculus falcatus   var. orthoceras Aitch.
1888. Ceratocephala falcata   ssp. orthoceras (DC.) Batt.
 Sage buttercup,
Curve-seeded butterwort,
Bur buttercup,
Hornseed buttercup 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Naturalized

NYFA: Orange County only
iNat: Erie County only 		NYFA-X
USDA-X
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Ficaria[edit | edit source]
Ficaria verna, lesser calandine
Ficaria verna (lesser celandine) is a Eurasian groundcover that is considered to be invasive where it occurs in forested floodplains in North America.[1] Its sale is now prohibited in New York State.
  1. ↑ Cipollini & Schradin (2011). Guilty in the Court of Public Opinion: Testing Presumptive Impacts and Allelopathic Potential of Ranunculus ficaria." The American Midland Naturalist. 166(1):63-74 (July 2011).
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ficaria
Genus Ficaria Celandine N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Huds.
 ssp. verna
1753. Ranunculus ficaria L.
1762. Ficaria verna Huds.
1882. Ficaria ficaria H. Karst. nom. illeg.
1908. Ranunculus ficaria   var. bulbifer Albert
1981. Ranunculus ficaria   ssp. bulbifer Lambinon
 Lesser celandine,
Fig buttercup,
Fig-crowfoot,
Pilewort 		Introduced,
Very highly invasive,
 NYIS: 86%[1],
Prohibited[2]

NYFA: 14 counties
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  1. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Ranunculus ficaria: Very High (86).
  2. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species
Ranunculus[edit | edit source]
Ranunculus subg. Batrachium[edit | edit source]
Ranunculus longirostris
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus subg. Batrachium
Genus Ranunculus subg. Batrachium White water buttercup N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Godr.
1786. R. trichophyllus Chaix nom. nud.
 auct. R. circinatus non Sibth. (1794)
1795. R. flaccidus Pers.
1796. R. aquatilis   var. diffusus With.misapplied
1823. R. amphibius James
1839. R. longirostris Godr.
1839. Batrachium circinatum Spach
1844. B. longirostre F.W.Schultz
1848. B. trichophyllum F.W.Schultz
1869. B. flaccidum (Pers.) Rupr.
1884. R. aquatilis   var. longirostris G.Lawson
1942. R. aquatilis   var. calvescens L.D.Benson
 Long-beaked white water buttercup,
Longbeak buttercup,
Thread-leaved water buttercup,
Hair-leaved water buttercup
Renoncule à long bec,
Renoncule à feuilles capillaires,
Renoncule à feuilles chevelues,
Renoncule à lâche 		Native, CoC: 9,
Secure
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-5
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 Chaix ex Vill.
1786. Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix ex Vill.
1796. Ranunculus aquatilis   var. diffusus With.
1824. Ranunculus aquatilis   var. capillaceus (Thuill.) DC. misapplied
1850. Batrachium trichophyllum (Chaix ex Vill.) Bosch
1936. Ranunculus trichophyllus   var. calvescens W.B. Drew
1942. Ranunculus aquatilis   var. calvescens (W.B. Drew) L.D. Benson
White water buttercup
Thread-leaved water-crowfoot
Renoncule capillaire
 Native,
Secure
OBL
NYFA-5
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Genus Ranunculus subg. Batrachium (excluded taxa) White water-crowfoot N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Sibth.
1794. Ranunculus circinatus Sibth.
1839. Batrachium circinatum (Sibth.) Spach
1937. Batrachium foeniculaceum (Gilib.) Krecz.
 auct. Ranunculus longirostris non Godr.
 White water-crowfoot Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
excluded 		NYFA-Excluded
USDA-AUCT
Images
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Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus[edit | edit source]
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus
Genus Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus Buttercup N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.f.
1781. Ranunculus pensylvanicus L.f.
 Pennsylvania buttercup,
Bristly buttercup,
Bristly crowfoot
Renoncule de Pennsylvanie 		Native, CoC: 2,
Secure
OBL
Annual/Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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 Poir. ex Lam.
 var. recurvatus
1804. Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. ex Lam.
1929. Ranunculus recurvatus   var. adpressipilis Weath.
 Blisterwort,
Hooked buttercup,
Hooked crowfoot,
Rough buttercup,
Little-leaved buttercup
Renoncule à bec recourbé 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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 Greene
1903. Ranunculus caricetorum Greene
1906. Ranunculus siciformis Mack.
1936. Ranunculus septentrionalis   var. caricetorum Fernald
1980. Ranunculus hispidus   var. caricetorum T.Duncan
 auct. Ranunculus septentrionalis non Poir.
 Bristly buttercup,
Swamp buttercup,
Swamp crowfoot,
Northern swamp buttercup,
Marsh buttercup
Renoncule des cariçaies 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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 Michx.
1803. Ranunculus hispidus Michx.
1920. Ranunculus hispidus   var. falsus Fernald
1941. Ranunculus hispidus   var. eurylobus L.D.Benson
1948. Ranunculus hispidus   var. greenmanii L.D.Benson
1948. Ranunculus hispidus   var. marilandicus L.D.Benson
1948. Ranunculus hispidus   var. typicus L.D.Benson
 Bristly buttercup,
Hispid buttercup,
Rough buttercup,
Hispid crowfoot
Renoncule hispide 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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 Michx.
var. nitidus (Muhl. ex Chapm.) T.Duncan
1804. Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir.
1817. Ranunculus carolinianus DC.
1821. Ranunculus palmatus Elliott
1860. Ranunculus repens   var. nitidus Muhl. ex Chapm.
1860. Ranunculus septentrionalis   var. nitidus Chapm.
1941. Ranunculus septentrionalis   var. pterocarpus L.D.Benson
1980. Ranunculus hispidus   var. nitidus T. Duncan
 Swamp buttercup,
Bristly buttercup,
Hispid buttercup
Renoncule brillante 		Native, CoC: 8,
Endangered
NYFA-1
USDA-NN
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 Muhl. ex Bigelow
    Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl. ex Bigelow
 Early buttercup,
Early crowfoot 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure
NYFA-5
USDA-N
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Tall buttercup,
Tall butter-cup,
Tall crowfoot,
Tall crow-foot,
Common buttercup,
Meadow buttercup 		Introduced from
 Eurasia, Alaska,
 Greenland,
Potentially invasive,
Naturalized,
SNA, G5
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-X
USDA-N?
iNaturalist
ARS-GRIN
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Bulbous butter-cup,
St. Anthony's turnip 		Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
SNA, GNR
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-X
USDA-X
iNaturalist
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Creeping butter-cup Introduced,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 63%%[1],
NYS Untiered,
Finger Lakes Tier 4
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
iNaturalist
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Genus Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus (excluded taxa) Buttercup N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Viv.
 Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-EXCLD
iNaturalist
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  1. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Ranunculus repens: Moderate (63).
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Echinella[edit | edit source]
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Echinella
Genus Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Echinella Buttercup N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Crantz
1763. Ranunculus sardous Crantz
1767. Ranunculus parvulus L.
1783. Ranunculus philonotis Ehrh.
Hairy buttercup
Hairy crowfoot
 Introduced,
Impersistent,
Not naturalized
FAC
Biennial,
Herb-forb
Madison, Monroe, New York, Oswego, St. Lawrence, Steuben 		NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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Corn crowfoot,
Corn buttercup 		Introduced,
Impersistent,
Not naturalized
FAC
Biennial,
Herb-forb
Monroe, New York 		NYFA-X
USDA-X
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Echinella (excluded taxa) Buttercup N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 Smallflower buttercup,
Small-flowered butter-cup 		Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
excluded 		NYFA-Excluded
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Epirotes[edit | edit source]
Ranunculus abortivus
kidney-leaved buttercup
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Epirotes
Genus Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Epirotes Buttercup N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Kidney-leaved crowfoot,
Little-leaved buttercup 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure,
S5
FAC-FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-5
USDA-N
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Allegheny mountains crowfoot,
Allegheny Mountain buttercup 		Native, CoC: 6,
Likely secure,
S4, G4-5
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-4
USDA-N
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  Nutt. ex Torrey & A.Gray
 Small-flowered crowfoot,
Rock crowfoot,
Rock buttercup 		Native, CoC: 8,
Rare,
S3, G5
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb
Bronx, Columbia, Orange, Putnam, Rockland, Suffolk, Ulster, Westchester 		NYFA-3
USDA-N0
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Genus Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Epirotes (excluded taxa) Buttercup N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Wahlenb.
    R. pygmaeus Wahlenb.
    R. pygmaeusvar. langianus
    
 Dwarf buttercup,
Pygmy buttercup 		N. America native,
N.Y. excluded
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-NN
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Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Flammula[edit | edit source]
Ranunculus flammula var. reptans
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Flammula
Genus Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Flammula Spearwort N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
var. reptans (L.) E. Mey.
1753. Ranunculus reptans L.
1803. Ranunculus filiformis Michx.
1829. R. flammula   var. filiformis (Michx.) Hook.
1830. R. flammula   var. reptans (L.) E. Mey.
 Narrow-leaved
  creeping spearwort,
Greater creeping spearwort
Renoncule radicante,
Renoncule rampante 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure,
S5, G5
FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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 L.
var. ovalis
(J.M.Bigelow) L.D.Benson
1753. R. flammula L. misapplied
1824. R. filiformis   var. ovalis J.M.Bigelow
1838. R. reptans   var. ovalis (J.M.Bigelow) Torr. & A.Gray
1942. R. flammula   var. ovalis (J.M.Bigelow) L.D.Benson
1942. R. flammula   var. samolifolius (Greene) L.D.Benson
 Wider-leaved
  creeping spearwort,
Lesser spearwort
Renoncule ovée 		Native, CoC: 10,
Not yet ranked
FACW,
Herb-forb
Cayuga, Jefferson, Livingston, St. Lawrence 		NYFA-3-5
USDA-NN
FNA
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 S.Watson
1808. Ranunculus obtusiusculus Raf. (i)
1878. Ranunculus ambigens S.Watson
American spearwort
American crowfoot
Water-plantain spearwort
 Native, CoC: 10,
Especially vulnerable,
S1-S2, G4
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-4-5
USDA-N0
Images
Wikispecies
 Poir.
    R. oblongifolius
    R. pusillusvar. angustifolius
    R. tener
 Low spearwort,
Pursh buttercup 		Native, CoC: 10,
Likely extirpated,
G5
OBL
Annual,
Herb-forb
Nassau, Queens, Richmond, Westchester 		NYFA-X
USDA-N0
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Flammula (excluded taxa) Buttercup N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
var. flammula
1753. Ranunculus flammula L.
1840. R. flammula   var. angustifolius Wallr.
    
 Lesser spearwort
Renoncule flammette 		N. America native,
N.Y. excluded
excluded 		NYFA-Excluded
USDA-NN
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
(Torr. & A.Gray) Darby
1838. R. flammula   var. laxicaulis Torr. & A.Gray
1841. R. laxicaulis (Torr.& A.Gray) Darby
1845. R. texensis Engelm.
1900. R. mississippiensis Small
1942. R. laxicaulis   var. mississippiensis (Small) L.D.Benson
1971. R. subcordatus E.O.Beal
 Mississippi buttercup N. America native,
N.Y. excluded
OBL
Annual,
Herb-forb
excluded 		NYFA-Excluded
USDA-N0
ITIS
FNA
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 Poir.
1951. Ranunculus bonariensis Poir.
    
    
 Carter's buttercup N. America native,
N.Y. excluded
excluded 		NYFA-Excluded
USDA-N0
Images
Wikispecies
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Hecatonia[edit | edit source]
Ranunculus flabellaris
yellow water buttercup
Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Hecatonia
Genus Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Hecatonia Buttercup N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Raf.
1818. R. flabellaris Raf.
1818. R. delphiniifolius Torr. ex Eaton
1818. R. delphinifolius Torr. ex Eaton
 Yellow water butter-cup,
Yellow water buttercup,
Yellow water crowfoot
Renoncule à évantails 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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 L.
var. sceleratus
1753. Ranunculus sceleratus L.
 Cursed butter-cup,
Cursed buttercup,
Cursed crow-foot,
Cursed crowsfoot,
Blisterwort
Renoncule scélérate 		Native, CoC: 3,
Unranked
OBL
Annual,
Herb-forb
NYFA-X
USDA-NX
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Family Papaveraceae[edit | edit source]

The Papaveraceae (poppy family)...

Subfamily Papaveroideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Papavereae[edit | edit source]

Argemone[edit | edit source]

Argemone (AR-ge-mon-ee)

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Papavereae — Argemone
Genus Argemone Pricklypoppy N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
ssp. albiflora
 White prickly-poppy,
Bluestem prickly-poppy,
Texas prickly-poppy 		Introduced,
N. America native
NYFA-X
USDA-N0
Images
Wikispecies
Mexican prickly-poppy Introduced,
N. America native
NYFA-X
USDA-NW
Images
Wikispecies
Papaver[edit | edit source]

Papaver (puh-PAY-ver)

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Papavereae — Papaver
Genus Papaver Poppy N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 Opium poppy,
Common poppy 		Introduced
NYFA-X
USDA-XW
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Wikispecies
 L.
 Common poppy,
Corn poppy,
Field poppy,
Flanders poppy 		Introduced
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 Blindeyes,
Long-podded poppy,
Long-headed poppy 		Introduced,
Rare
NYFA-X
USDA-XW
Go Botany
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Wikispecies
 L.
 Long pricklyhead poppy,
Pale rough-fruited poppy 		Introduced
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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Wikispecies
Genus Papaver (excluded taxa) Poppy N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Ball) Coss.
1873. P. rupifragum   var. atlanticum
1882. P. atlanticum (Ball) Coss.
    
 Atlas poppy,
Moroccan poppy,
Spanish poppy 		Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-0
Go Botany
IPN
Images
Wikispecies
 Boiss. & Hausskn.
 Tulip poppy Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-X0
Go Botany
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Wikispecies
 L.
    Papaver orientale L.
    P. pseudoorientale
    P. pseudo-orientale
 Oriental poppy Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-XX
Go Botany
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Wikispecies

Tribe Chelidonieae[edit | edit source]

Sanguinaria[edit | edit source]
Sanguinaria canadensis
bloodroot
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Chelidonieae — Sanguinaria
Genus Sanguinaria Bloodroot N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Sanguinaria canadensis L.
1905. S. australis Greene
1905. S. dilleniana Greene
1909. S. canadensisvar. rotundifolia
 Bloodroot,
Puccoon-root,
Red puccoon
Sanguinaire du Canada,
Sang-dragon 		Native, CoC: 6,
Likely secure
FACU-UPL
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Part shade - shade
NYFA-4
USDA-NN
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VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
FNA
LBJ
Images
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Stylophorum[edit | edit source]
The only New World Stylophorum species is S. diphyllum, Celandine poppy, which is native to the Midwest section of the US. It is cultivated but not known to naturalize in New York. It closely resembles the Old-World Chelidonium majus (greater celandine).
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Chelidonieae — Stylophorum
Genus Stylophorum Celandine-poppy N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Michx.) Nutt.
1803. Chelidonium diphyllum Michx.
1818. S. diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt.
1825. S. ohiense Spreng.
 Celandine-poppy,
Wood-poppy,
Mock poppy,
Yellow poppy,
Yellow wood poppy 		Introduced from
 Midwest,
N. America native,
Cultivated only,
Not naturalized
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Part shade - shade
NYFA-Xnn
USDA-
VASCAN-0
ARS-GRIN
FNA
Tropicos
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BONAP
LBJ
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Chelidonium[edit | edit source]
Chelidonium majus, Greater Celandine, is widely regarded as a weed in North America and is listed as invasive in some states. It is also poisonous to mammals.
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Chelidonieae — Chelidonium
Genus Chelidonium Celandine N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Chelidonium majus L.
1821. C. majusvar. grandiflorum
1824. C. grandiflorum (DC.) DC.
    C. majusssp. grandiflorum
Greater celandine
Great celandine
Celandine
Nipplewort
Swallowwort
Rock poppy
Grande chélidoine
Chélidoine
Chélidoine
herbe-aux-verrues
Chélidoine majeure
Éclaire
Grande éclaire
Herbe aux verrues
 Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Potentially invasive,
Naturalized,
IPANEIPAUS,
eXtension
Biennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
FNA
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Macleaya[edit | edit source]
Macleaya cordata
Plume poppies (genus Macleaya) consist of only a couple Asian species, of which Macleaya cordata is known to have naturalized in New York State.[1]
  1. ↑ Werier, David, Kyle Webster, Troy Weldy, Andrew Nelson, Richard Mitchell†, and Robert Ingalls†. 2022 New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Chelidonieae — Macleaya
Genus Macleaya Plume poppy N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Willd.) R.Br.
1799. Bocconia cordata Willd.
1826. Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R.Br.
1866. Macleaya yedoensis André
1909. Macleaya cordata   var. yedoensis (André) Fedde
 Plume poppy,
Plume-poppy,
Tree-celandine
Macléaya à feuilles cordées 		Introduced from
 temperate Asia,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS Tier: High-2,
 Invasive.org: 0,
 USGS: L48 established,
Naturalized,
SNA, GNR
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 8 counties
iNat: 9 counties 		NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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Glaucium[edit | edit source]
Glaucium flavum
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Chelidonieae — Glaucium
Genus Glaucium Hornpoppy N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Crantz
1753. Chelidonium glaucium L.
1763. Glaucium flavum Crantz
1771. G. luteum Scop.
1887. G. corniculatumvar. flavum
 Yellow horned-poppy,
Yellow horn-poppy,
Horned-poppy,
Sea-poppy
Glaucienne jaune,
Glaucie jaune,
Glaucière jaune,
Pavot cornu,
Pavot jaune des sables 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 n. Africa,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 66%[1]
Biennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-X
USDA-XW
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(L.) Rudolph
1753. Chelidonium corniculatum L.
1781. G. corniculatum (L.) Rudolph
1789. G. corniculatum (L.) Curtis (i)
 Red horned-poppy,
Blackspot hornpoppy 		Introduced,
Impersistent
NYFA-X
USDA-X0
Go Botany-0
VASCAN-0
ARS-GRIN
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  1. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Glaucium flavum: Moderate (66).

Tribe Eschscholtzieae[edit | edit source]

Eschscholzia[edit | edit source]
Eschscholzia californica
California poppy
Eschscholzia (es-SHOLT-zee-uh) was named in honor of Dr. Johann Friedrich Gustav von Eschscholtz, a 19th-century Estonian surgeon and botanist. Eschscholzia californica (California poppy) is a west coast native that, according to the New York Flora Atlas, although it has been collected since 1824, is not known to naturalize in New York State.
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Eschscholtzieae — Eschscholzia
Genus Eschscholzia California-poppy N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Cham.
ssp. californica
1820. Eschscholzia californica Cham.
1903. Eschscholzia procera Greene
 California poppy Introduced,
N. America native,
Uncertain naturalization

NYFA: 6 counties
iNat: 10 counties 		NYFA-X
USDA-NX
GBIF
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Subfamily Fumarioideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Fumarieae[edit | edit source]

Subtribe Corydalineae[edit | edit source]
Dicentra[edit | edit source]
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumarieae — Corydalineae — Dicentra
Genus Dicentra Bleeding-heart N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Goldie) Walp.
1822. Corydalis canadensis Goldie
1842. Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp.
1892. Bicuculla canadensis (Goldie) Millsp.
 Squirrel-corn,
Turkey-corn
Dicentre du Canada 		Native,
Secure
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
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 (L.) Bernh.
1753. Fumaria cucullaria L.
1806. Corydalis cucullaria (L.) Pers.
1833. Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh.
1892. Bicuculla cucullaria (L.) Millsp.
1912. Dicentra occidentalis (Rydb.) Fedde
 Dutchman's breeches,
Turkey-corn,
Dicentre à capuchon 		Native,
Secure
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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ITIS
FNA
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 (Ker Gawl.) Torr.
1815. Fumaria eximia Ker Gawl.
1843. Dicentra eximia (Ker Gawl.) Torr.
 Wild bleeding-heart,
Eastern bleeding-heart,
Turkey corn,
Staggerweed 		Introduced,
N. America native
NYFA-X
USDA-N0
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 (Haw.) Walp.
    species
    species   var. variety
    species   ssp. subsp
    species   fo. forma
Westerm bleeding-heart
Pacific bleeding heart
 Introduced,
N. America native
NYFA-0
USDA-NN
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Lamprocapnos[edit | edit source]
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumarieae — Corydalineae — Lamprocapnos
Genus Lamprocapnos Bleeding-heart N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(L.) Fukuhara
1753. Fumaria spectabilis L.
1831. Diclytra spectabilis (L.) DC.
1847. Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem.
1997. Lamprocapnos spectabilis
 Bleeding-heart,
Asian bleeding-heart,
Common bleedinghearts 		Introduced from
 temperate Asia
NYFA-X
USDA-
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Adlumia[edit | edit source]
Adlumia fungosa
Allegheny vine
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumarieae — Corydalineae — Adlumia
Genus Adlumia Adlumia N.Y. Status Images Distribution 1 NPT
 (Aiton) Greene
ex Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
1789. Fumaria fungosa Aiton
1803. Fumaria recta Michx.
1808. Fumaria cirrhosa Raf.
1888. Adlumia fungosa Greene ex BSP
1891. Bicuculla fungosa Kuntze
 Allegheny vine,
Climbing fumitory,
Mountain-fringe,
Woodfringe,
Canary vine
Adlumie fongueuse 		Native,
Likely secure
NYFA-4
USDA-NN
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
Capnoides[edit | edit source]
Capnoides sempervirens
rock harlequin, pink corydalis
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumarieae — Corydalineae — Capnoides
Genus Capnoides Harlequin N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Borkh.
1753. Fumaria sempervirens L.
1797. Capnoides sempervirens Borkh.
1806. Corydalis sempervirens Pers.
1813. Corydalis glauca Pursh
 Pink corydalis,
Pale corydalis,
Rock harlequin,
Harlequin-flower 		Native,
Likely secure
NYFA-4
USDA-NN
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Corydalis[edit | edit source]
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumarieae — Corydalineae — Corydalis
Genus Corydalis Fumewort N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Raf.) DC.
1808. Fumaria flavula Raf.
1824. Corydalis flavula (Raf.) DC.
1891. Capnoides flavula (Raf.) Kuntze
 Yellow corydalis,
Yellow fumewort 		Native, CoC: 7,
Vulnerable
NYFA-3
USDA-NN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies
 Willd.
 ssp. aurea
    
    
    
 Golden corydalis,
Scrambled eggs 		Native, CoC: 9,
Threatened
NYFA-2
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
 (Thunb.) Pers.
    
    
    
 Purple keman Introduced,
Rare
NYFA-X
USDA-00
Images
Wikispecies
 (L.) Clairv.
1811. Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv.
 Spring corydalis,
Bird-in-a-bush 		Introduced,
Naturalized,
 Invasive.org: [1]

NYFA: Dutchess (2015)
iNat: 16 counties 		NYFA-Xn
USDA-XX
GBIF
iNaturalist
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Corydalis (excluded taxa) Fumewort N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Pers.
1753. Fumaria capnoides L.
1768. Fumaria alba Mill.
1790. Neckeria capnoides (L.) Neck.
1797. Pseudofumaria capnoides (L.) Borkh.
1806. Corydalis capnoides (L.) Pers.
1823. Corydalis gebleri Ledeb.
1831. Corydalis ochroleuca W.D.J.Koch
1841. Capnoides albida Bernh. ex Steud.
1939. Corydalis alba (Mill.) Mansf.
1986. Pseudofumaria alba (Mill.) Lidén
 Pale corydalis Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-EXCLD
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
IPN
Images
Wikispecies
Subtribe Fumariineae[edit | edit source]
Fumaria[edit | edit source]
Fumaria officinalis
Common Fumitory
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumariineae — Fumaria
Genus Fumaria Fumitory N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Fumaria officinalis L.
 Common Fumitory,
Drug fumitory,
Earth smoke,
Wax dolls
Fumeterre officinal 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Naturalized,
SNA, G5
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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Genus Fumaria (excluded taxa) Fumitory N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Fumaria capreolata L.
1907. Fumaria officinalis   var. capreolata (L.) Ewart
    
 White ramping fumitory,
Climbing fumitory 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
N.Y. excluded
excluded 		NYFA-Excluded
USDA-X0
ARS-GRIN
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 Lam.
    
    
    
 Fine-leaf fumitory,
Small-flower fumitory,
Indian fumitory 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
N.Y. excluded
Annual,
Herb-forb
excluded 		NYFA-Excluded
USDA-X0
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
Pseudofumaria[edit | edit source]
Pseudofumaria lutea
Rock fumewort
Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumariineae — Pseudofumaria
Genus Pseudofumaria Rock fumitory N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Borkh.
1771. Fumaria lutea L.
1790. Capnoides luteum Gaertn.
1797. Pseudofumaria lutea Borkh.
1805. Corydalis lutea DC.
 Rock fumewort,
Yellow corydalis,
Rock corydalis,
Rock fumitory 		Introduced,
Not naturalized
Chemung, Dutchess, Suffolk 		NYFA-X
USDA-X0
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
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