Flora of New York/Ranunculales

← Commelinales, Zingiberales, Ceratophyllales	Flora of New York — Ranunculales : Lardizabalaceae, Menispermaceae, Berberidaceae, Ranunculaceae, Papaveraceae				→ Proteales… Saxifragales
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

The order Ranunculales has about 93 taxa found outside of cultivation in New York. Ranunculales families include:

• Circaeasteraceae (2 Chinese species, none in NY)
• Lardizabalaceae (1 species of Akebia in NY)
• Menispermaceae (1 species of moonseed in NY)
• Berberidaceae (barberry, 8 taxa in 5 genera in NY)
• Ranunculaceae (68 taxa in 20 genera, Ranunculus the largest)
• Papaveraceae (poppies, 15 taxa in 8 genera in NY)

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genus	Common names	T
Ranunculales	Lardizabalaceae	Lardizabaloideae	Akebieae	Akebia	chocolate vine. fiveleaf akebia	1
	Menispermaceae	Menispermoideae	Menispermeae	Menispermum	moonseed, Canada moonseed	1
	Berberidaceae	Podophylloideae	Leonticeae	Caulophyllum	blue cohosh, squaw-root, papoose-root	2
			Podophylleae	Podophyllum	mayapple, wild mandrake	1
				Jeffersonia	twinleaf, rheumatism-root	1
		Berberidoideae	Berberideae	Berberis	barberry	3
				Mahonia	Oregon grape	1
	Ranunculaceae	Hydrastoideae	Hydrastideae	Hydrastis	golden-seal, yellow puccoon	1
		Coptidoieae	Coptideae	Coptis	goldthread, three-leaved goldthread	1
			Xanthorhizeae	Xanthorhiza	yellowroot	1
		Thalictroideae	Aquilegieae	Aquilegia	columbine, wild columbine	2
				Enemion	false rue anemone	1
			Thalictreae	Thalictrum	meadow rue	7
		Ranunculoideae	Actaeeae	Actaea	baneberry	5
				Eranthis	winter aconite	1
			Caltheae	Caltha	marsh marigold	1
				Trollius	globeflower	1
				Adonis	pheasant's eye	2
			Delphinieae	Aconitum	monkshood	3
				Delphinium	lark-spur	1
				Consolida	knight's-spur, lark-spur	2
			Nigelleae	Nigella	love-in-a-mist, devil-in-the-bush	1
			Helleboreae	Helleborus	hellebore, Christmas-rose	2
			Anemoneae	Anemone	hepatica, thimbleweed	9
				Clematis	leather flower, virgin's-bower	6
			Ranunculeae	Halerpestes	seaside crowfoot	1
				Ceratocephala	curvseed butterwort	1
				Ficaria	celadine	1
				Ranunculus	buttercup, crowfoot, spearwort	23
	Papaveraceae	Papaveroideae	Papavereae	Argemone	pricklypoppy	2
				Papaver	poppy	6
			Chelidonieae	Sanguinaria	bloodroot, red puccuoon	1
				Chelidonium	greater celandine	1
				Macleaya	plume poppy	1
				Glaucium	hornpoppy	2
				Stylophorum	celandine-poppy	1
			Eschscholtzieae	Eschscholzia	California poppy	1
		Fumarioideae	Fumarieae	Dicentra	bleeding-heart, Dutchman's breeches	3
				Lamprocapnos	Asian bleeding-heart	1
				Adlumia	climbing fumitory	1
				Capnoides	harlequin, pink corydalis	1
				Corydalis	fumewort, corydalis	3
				Fumaria	fumitory	1
				Pseudofumaria	rock fumitory, yellow corydalis	1

Family Lardizabalaceae

The Lardizabalaceae (lardizabala family)...

Subfamily Lardizabaloideae

Tribe Akebieae

Genus Akebia

Ranunculales — Lardizabalaceae — Lardizabaloideae — Akebieae — Akebia
Akebia	Chocolate-vine	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Akebia quinata  (Houtt.) Dcne. 1779. Rajania quinata Houtt. 1839. Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Dcne.	Fiveleaf akebia, Chocolate vine	Introduced from  Asia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 52%, CP-4			NYFA-X USDA-X0 NEW  ARS  FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Family Menispermaceae

The Menispermaceae (moonseed family)...

Subfamily Menispermoideae

Tribe Menispermeae

Genus Menispermum

Ranunculales — Menispermaceae — Menispermoideae — Menispermeae — Menispermum
Menispermum	Moonseed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Menispermum canadense  L. 1753. Menispermum canadense L.	Canada moonseed, Common moonseed, Yellow Parilla, Carolina moonseed Ménisperme du Canada, Raison de couleuvre	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS  FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Family Berberidaceae

The Berberidaceae (barberry family) contains several herbaceous genera that are associated with their native woodland wildflowers, including Caulophyllum (blue cohosh), Podophyllum (mayapple), and Jeffersonia (twinleaf). But the family also contains the non-native ornamental shrubs (some highly invasive) known as barberry in the Berberis and closely-related Manonia genera.

Subfamily Podophylloideae

Tribe Leonticeae

Genus Caulophyllum

Although Caulophyllum contains the two blue cohosh species found in New York, it does not include black cohosh, which is not only in a separate genus (Actaea), but also in a different family (Ranunculaceae, below). Blue cohosh leaves have a similarity to Thalictrum (meadow rue) leaves, accounting for the specific epithet thalictroides.

Ranunculales — Berberidaceae — Podophylloideae — Leonticeae — Caulophyllum
Caulophyllum	Blue cohosh	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2
Caulophyllum thalictroides  (L.) Michx. 1753. Leontice thalictroides L. 1803. Caulophyllum thalictroides Michx.	Blue cohosh, Squaw-root, Papoose-root Caulophylle faux-pigamon	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN FNA  Images, wsp
Caulophyllum giganteum (Farw.) Loconte & W.H.Blackw. 1918. Caulophyllum thalictroides var. giganteum Farw. 1981. Caulophyllum giganteum Loconte & W.H.Blackw.	Blue cohosh, Giant blue cohosh, Early blue cohosh	N.Y. native, Vulnerable			NYFA-3-5 USDA-N ARS  FNA  Images, wsp

Tribe Podophylleae

Genus Podophyllum

Ranunculales — Berberidaceae — Podophylloideae — Podophylleae — Podophyllum
Podophyllum	Mayapple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Podophyllum peltatum  L. 1753. Podophyllum peltatum L.	May-apple, Indian-apple, Wild-mandrake Pomme de mai	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW  FNA  Images, wsp

Genus Jeffersonia

twinleaf Although twinleaf is listed as threatened in New York, its populations have probably remained fairly stable. Because its native habitat includes ravines, its scarcity is more a matter of New York being at the northern edge of its natural range than it is of recent habitat loss. However, invasion of its habitat by exotic plants like garlic mustard and swallow-wort is currently a concern.

Ranunculales — Berberidaceae — Podophylloideae — Podophylleae — Jeffersonia
Jeffersonia	Twinleaf	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Jeffersonia diphylla  (L.) Pers. 1753. Podophyllum diphyllum L. 1805. Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers.	Twinleaf, Twin-leaf, Rheumatism-root	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 7, Threatened, NYNHP: 2			NYFA-2 USDA-N ARS  FNA  BNA Images, wsp

Subfamily Berberidoideae

Tribe Berberideae

Genus Berberis

Although there are a few North American native barberry species, none are known to have naturalized in New York State (unless Mahonia is included in Berberis). The closest reported occurrence is of Berberis canadensis (American barberry) in Huntington County in south-central Pennsylvania. However the two Eurasian barberries, Berberis thunbergii and Berberis vulgaris are quite common and considered to be invasive in New York. If fact, the sale of Japanese barberry (B. thunbergii) is now prohibited in the state.

Berberis sect. Berberis

Barberry differentiation

Barberry species	Leaf margin	Spines / thorns	Flowers
Berberis thunbergii, Japanese barberry	Entire (smooth)	1 (or 1 with 2 short side-branches)	Sessile umbel
Berberis vulgaris, European barberry	Serrate (toothed)	3 (or 1 with 2 long side-branches)	Raceme
Berberis × ottawensis, Ottawa barberry	Entire (smooth)	1 to 3	Subumbellate-raceme

Ranunculales — Berberidaceae — Berberidoideae — Berberis
Berberis	Barberry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	3
Berberis thunbergii  DC. 1821. Berberis thunbergii DC. 1926. B. thunbergii var. atropurpurea	Japanese barberry Épine-vinette du Japon	Introduced from  Asia, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 91%, Prohibited, CP-2 NE-1			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW Can ARS  FNA Trop. CABI  Images, wsp
Berberis vulgaris  L. 1753. Berberis vulgaris L. 1845. B. vulgaris var. purpurea 1860. B. vulgaris fo. atropurpurea 1869. B. jacquinii hort. ex K.Koch 1869. B. sanguinea hort. ex K.Koch	Common barberry, European barberry, Jaundice-berry Épine-vinette commune, Épine-vinette, Berbéris vulgaire, Berbéride vulgaire	Introduced from  Eurasia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 69%, CP-3 NE-2			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW Can ARS  FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Berberis × ottawensis C.K.Schneid.   Berberis thunbergii ×   Berberis vulgaris 1927. Berberis × ottawensis C.K.Schneid.	Hybrid barberry, Ottawa barberry	Introduced, Potentially invasive, Present in New Eng.			NYFA-Xn USDA-XX NEW  Images, wsp
Berberis julianae  C.K.Schneid. 1913. Berberis julianae C.K.Schneid.	Juliana's berberis, Wintergreen barberry, Chinese barberry	Introduced from  China, Single population			NYFA-X USDA-X0 ARS  Trop. Images, wsp
Berberis (unlisted taxa)	Barberry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	U
Berberis koreana  Palibin. 1899. Berberis koreana Palibin.	Korea barberry	Introduced from  Asia, No specimens, Present in Vermont			NEW  Images, wsp
Berberis canadensis  Mill. 1768. Berberis canadensis Mill. 1869. B. fischeri hort. ex K.Koch* 1894. B. angulizans hort. ex Massias	American barberry, Allegheny barberry	N. America native			USDA-N0 FNA  BNA Images, wsp

Berberis sect. Mahonia

Berberis and Mahonia are closely related and often both are included in Berberis.

Ranunculales — Berberidaceae — Berberidoideae — Berberis — sect. Mahonia
Mahonia	Barberry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Mahonia aquifolium  (Pursh) Nutt. 1813. Berberis aquifolium Pursh 1818. Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. 1906. Odostemon aquifolium (Pursh) Rydb. 1931. Mahonia diversifolia Sweet 1934. Mahonia piperiana Abrams 1939. Berberis piperiana McMinn 1940. Berberis diversifolia Steud.	Oregon grape, Piper's Oregon-grape, Oregon holly-grape, Tall mahonia, Hollyleaved barberry Mahonia à   feuilles de houx, Mahonia faux-houx, Faux-houx, Mahonia	Introduced from  western N. America, N. America native			NYFA-Xn? USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. BNA IPN LBJ CABI  Images, wsp

Family Ranunculaceae

The Ranunculaceae...

Subfamily Hydrastoideae

Tribe Hydrastideae

Genus Hydrastis

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Hydrastoideae — Hydrastideae — Hydrastis
Hydrastis	Goldenseal	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Hydrastis canadensis  L.	Goldenseal, Golden-seal, Orange-root, Yellow-puccoon Hydraste du Canada, Sceau d'or	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 9, Threatened, NYNHP: 2 Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-2 USDA-NN NEW Can BNA Images, wsp Note: FLNPS

Subfamily Coptidoideae

Tribe Coptideae

Genus Coptis

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Coptidoideae — Coptideae
Coptis	Goldthread	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Coptis trifolia  (L.) Salisb. 1753. Helleborus trifolius L. 1771. Anemone groenlandica Oeder 1807. Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. 1929. Coptis groenlandica (Oeder) Fernald 1937. Coptis trifolia ssp. groenlandica (Oeder) Hultén 1947. Coptis trifolia var. groenlandica (Oeder) Fassett	Goldthread, Goldenroot, Yellow snakeroot, American goldthread, Canker-root Savoyane, Coptide du Groenland, Coptide savoyane, Sabouillane	N.Y. native, Secure FACW Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS  FNA  Images, wsp

Tribe Xanthorhizeae

Genus Xanthorhiza

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Coptidoideae — Xanthorhizeae
Xanthorhiza	Yellowroot	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marshall 1785. X. simplicissima Marshall     X. apiifolia L'Héritier	Yellowroot, Brook-feather, Shrub yellowroot	Introduced, N. America native			NYFA-X USDA-N0 NSE BNA Images, wsp

Subfamily Thalictroideae

Tribe Aquilegieae

Genus Aquilegia

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Thalictroideae — Aquilegieae — Aquilegia
Aquilegia	Columbine	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2
Aquilegia canadensis  L. 1753. Aquilegia canadensis L.	Wild columbine Red columbine Canadian columbine Red-bell Honeysuckle Meeting-houses Ancolie du Canada	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS  FNA  Images, wsp
Aquilegia vulgaris	European columbine	Introduced			NYFA-X Images, wsp

Genus Enemion

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Thalictroideae — Aquilegieae — Enemion
Enemion	False-rue-anemone	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Enemion biternatum  Raf. Isopyrum biternatum	Eastern false rue anemone, False rue-anemone	N.Y. native, Likely extirpated			NYFA-Z USDA-NN Images, wsp

Tribe Thalictreae

Genus Thalictrum

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Thalictroideae — Thalictreae
Thalictrum sect. Anemonella	Meadow-rue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	7
Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) A.J.Eames & B.Boivin 1753. Anemone thalictroides L. 1803. Thalictrum anemonoides Michx. 1805. Thalictrum anemoides Maxim. ** 1832. Syndesmon thalictroides Hoffmanns. 1839. Anemonella thalictroides Spach 1957. Thalictrum thalictroides	Rue anemone, Windflower Pigamon à ombelles	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA  Images, wsp
Thalictrum sect. Heterogamia	Meadow-rue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	7
Thalictrum dioicum  L. 1753. Thalictrum dioicum L. 1803. Thalictrum laevigatum Michx. 1832. Thalictrum pauciflorum Raf. 1885. Thalictrum pulchellum Pursh ** 1914. Leucocoma dioica (L.) Nieuwl.	Early meadow-rue, Quicksilver-weed Pigamon dioïque	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW  FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Thalictrum venulosum  Trelease var. confine (Fernald) Boivin     Thalictrum confine Fernald     Thalictrum turneri B.Boivin	Early meadow-rue, Veined meadow-rue, Veiny meadow-rue	N.Y. native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Thalictrum sect. Leucocoma	Meadow-rue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	7
Thalictrum pubescens  Pursh     T. carolinianum var. subpubescens     T. perelegans     T. polygamum Muhl. ex Spreng.	King of the meadow, Late meadow-rue, Tall meadow-rue, Meadow-weed, Muskrat-weed Pigamon pubescent	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW  FNA  Images, wsp
Thalictrum revolutum  DC.     T. amphibolum Greene     T. hepaticum Greene     T. moseleyi Greene	Purple meadow-rue, Skunk meadow-rue, Wax-leaved meadow-rue, Waxyleaf meadow-rue	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW  Images, wsp
Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Avé-Lall.     T. dasycarpum var. hypoglaucum     T. hypoglaucum Rydb.	Purple meadow-rue	Introduced, N. America native			NYFA-X USDA-NN FNA  Images, wsp
Thalictrum sect. ?	Meadow-rue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	7
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium  L.	Columbine meadow-rue, French meadow-rue, Greater meadow-rue	Introduced, Rare, Eurasia native			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW-0 ITIS Images, wsp

Subfamily Ranunculoideae

The Ranunculoideae...

Tribe Actaeeae

Genus Actaea

Here the genus Cimicifuga (bugbane) is included as a section of Actaea (baneberry) as per Compton (1998).

Actaea sect. Actaea

Berry-color alone can't be used to distinguish red and white baneberry from each other. Even at maturity, red baneberry (Actaea rubra) plants frequently have white fruit (sometimes differentiated as forma neglecta). Red or pink berries on white baneberry, Actaea pachypoda (fo. rubrocarpa), are less common and may indicate that the plant is a hybrid (Actaea ×ludovici) of the two species. A better way to distinguish red and white baneberry is to observe the color and width of the fruit pedicels. Red baneberry has brown or greenish pedicels that are thinner than the axis of their raceme. White baneberry has bright red and much thicker pedicels that are about the same diameter as the raceme axis.

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Actaeeae — Actaea — sect. Actaea
Actaea L. sect. Actaea	Baneberry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	3
Actaea rubra  (Aiton) Willd. 1789. Actaea spicata var. rubra Aiton 1809. Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. 1838. Actaea arguta Nutt. 1857. Actaea rubra var. arguta (Nutt.) Torr. 1944. Actaea rubra ssp. arguta (Nutt.) Hultén 1914. Christophoriana rubra (Aiton) Nieuwl.	Red baneberry, Snakeberry Actée rouge	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS  FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Actaea pachypoda  Elliott 1753. Actaea spicata var. alba L. nom. rej. 1768. Actaea alba auct. non (L.) Mill. 1813. Actaea americana var. alba (L.) Pursh 1821. Actaea pachypoda Elliott 1914. Christophoriana alba (L.) Nieuwl.	White baneberry, Doll's-eyes, White cohosh Actée à gros pédicelles, Actée blanche	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-N NEW Can ARS  FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Actaea × ludovici  B.Boivin   Actaea pachypoda ×   Actaea rubra 1940. A. pachypoda fo. rubrocarpa Fernald 1967. Actaea × ludovicii B.Boivin	Hybrid  Red baneberry &  White baneberry	N.Y. native, Vulnerable			NYFA-3-4 USDA-N] NEW  ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Actaea sect. Cimicifuga

The bugbanes may also be placed in the genus Cimicifuga.

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Actaeeae — Actaea — sect. Cimicifuga
Actaea L. sect. Cimicifuga	Bugbane	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	3
Actaea racemosa  L. 1753. Actaea racemosa L. 1788. Actaea monogyna Walter 1813. Cimicifuga serpentaria (L.) Pursh n.i. 1818. Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. 1890. C. racemosa var. dissecta A.Gray 1891. Thalictrodes racemosa (L.) Kuntze 1998. A. racemosa var. dissecta J.Compton	Black cohosh, Black snakeroot, Bugbane, Black baneberry, Black bugbane, Fairy candle Cimicaire à grappes	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 7, Likely secure UPL Perennial, Herb/forb, Part-full shade			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS  FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Actaea L. sect. Cimicifuga (excluded taxa)	Bugbane	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	3
Actaea podocarpa  DC.	Mountain bugbane	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-N0 Images, wsp
Actaea rubifolia  (Kearney) Kartesz 1897. Cimicifuga rubifolia Kearney 1999. Actaea rubifolia Kartesz  auct. Actaea cordifolia non DC.  auct. Cimicifuga racemosa var. cordifolia non (DC.) A.Gray  auct. C. cordifolia non (DC.) Torr. & A.Gray	Appalachian bugbane	Introduced, US South native			NYFA-0 USDA-N0 FNA  NSE BNA Images, wsp

Genus Eranthis

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Actaeeae — Eranthis
Eranthis	Eranthis	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Eranthis hyemalis  (L.) Salisb.     Cammarum hyemale     Eranthis cilicicus     Eranthis × tubergenii     Helleborus hyemalis	Winter aconite	Introduced from  Eurasia			NYFA-X USDA-X ARS  Images, wsp

Tribe Caltheae

Genus Caltha

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Caltheae — Caltha
Caltha	Marsh-marigold	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Caltha palustris  L. 1753. Caltha palustris L. 1807. Caltha radicans T.F.Forst. 1818. Caltha asarifolia DC. 1824. Caltha arctica R.Brown 1854. Caltha cornuta Schott, Nyman & Kotschy 1854. Caltha laeta Schott, Nyman & Kotschy	Marsh marigold, Yellow marsh marigold, Cowslip, Cowflock, Kingcup Populage des marais, Souci d'eau	N.Y. native, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS  FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Genus Trollius

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Caltheae — Trollius
Trollius	Globeflower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Trollius laxus  Salisb. ssp. laxus 1807. Trollius laxus Salisb. 1818. Trollius americanus Muhl. ex DC. 1971. Trollius laxus ssp. laxus autonym	American globe-flower, Spreading globeflower	N.Y. native, Rare			NYFA-3 USDA-NN NEW Can-0 FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Genus Adonis

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Caltheae — Adonis
Adonis	Pheasant's eye	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2
Adonis aestivalis	Summer pheasant's eye, Summer adonis	Introduced, No specimens			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images, wsp
Adonis (excluded taxa)	Pheasant's eye	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	X
Adonis annua	Blooddrops	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-XX Images, wsp
Adonis vernalis	Spring pheasant's eye, Spring adonis, Ox-eye	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-X0 Images, wsp

Tribe Delphinieae

Recent phylogenetic research has shown the genera Consolida and Aconitella to be embedded within Delphinium as an annual clade within an otherwise perennial genus.

Genus Aconitum

The only native member of the Delphinieae (syn. Aconiteae) is the endangered northern blue monkshood, which as Aconitum noveboracense is found in only Iowa, New York, Ohio, and Wisconsin. However, A. noveboracense has been found to be synonymous with Aconitum columbianum ssp. columbianum (Columbia monkshood), which is native to much of western North America.

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Delphinieae — Aconitum
Aconitum	Monkshood	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2
Aconitum columbianum ssp. columbianum Nutt. 1838. A. columbianum Nutt. 1886. A. noveboracense A.Gray 1929. A. noveboracense var. quasiciliatum Fassett 1954. A. columbianum var. bakeri (Greene) H.D.Harr. 1964. A. uncinatum ssp. noveboracense Hardin	Northern blue monkshood, Northern wild monkshood, Northern monk's-hood, New York monkshood, Columbia monkshood Aconit du Columbia	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A, FWS: 1, NYNHP: 1			NYFA-1 USDA-N0 NEW-0Can ARS  FNA  BNA CPC  Images, wsp
Aconitum uncinatum  L. 1762. Aconitum uncinatum L. 1818. A. uncinatum var. muticum 1942. A. uncinatum var. acutidens 1964. A. uncinatum ssp. muticum	Wild monkshood, Southern blue monkshood	Introduced, N. America native FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-0 USDA-N0 NEW  FNA  BNA Images, wsp
Aconitum napellus  L. 1753. Aconitum napellus L.	Garden monkshood, Venus' chariot	Introduced from  Europe			NYFA-X USDA-X NEW Can ARS  Images, wsp

Genus Delphinium

Larkspur species, previously listed in the Consolida genus are annuals that are now considered to be a clade embedded the perennial Delphinium genus. Although there were more than sixty Delphinium species native to North America before inclusion of Consolida, none are considered to be native to New York or New England, and none had been reported to have naturalized in New York. The only naturalized Delphinium species in New England is Delphinium exaltatum, which is native to an area that extends as far northeast as northeastern Ohio and southwestern Pennsylvania. Delphinium exaltatum is also distribuded in New York in the "native plant" trade.

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Delphinieae — Delphinium
Delphinium	Larkspur	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	0
Delphinium ajacis  L. 1753. Delphinium ajacis L. 1853. Consolida ajacei (L.) Schur  auct. D. ambigua non L.  auct. C. ambigua non (L.) P.W.Ball & Heywood	Doubtful knight's-spur, Rocket larkspur, Ajax' larkspur Pied-d'alouette d'Ajax, Dauphinelle d'Ajax	Introduced Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-X NEW  ARS  FNA  Images, wsp
Delphinium consolida  L. 1753. Delphinium consolida L. 1822. Consolida regalis Gray	Forking larkspur, Royal larkspur, Rocket larkspur, Field larkspur Pied-d'alouette royal, Dauphinelle consoude, Pied d'alouette	Introduced Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW  ARS  FNA  Images, wsp
Delphinium (excluded taxa)	Larkspur	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	X
Delphinium formosum Boiss. & A.Huet. 1856. D. formosum Boiss. & A.Huet.	Hardy larkspur, Showy larkspur	Introduced from  western Asia, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-EXCLD ARS  Images, wsp
Delphinium exaltatum  Aiton 1786. D. urceolatum Jacq. 1789. D. exaltatum Aiton 1803. D. tridactylum Michx. 1830. D. exaltatum (Aiton) Raf. 1914. Delphinastrum exaltatum (Aiton) Nieuwl.	Tall larkspur	Introduced, US South native, No reports Perennial, Forb-herb			NYFA-0 USDA-N0 NEW  ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp

Tribe Nigelleae

Genus Nigella

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Nigelleae — Nigella
Nigella	Nigella	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Nigella damascena  L. 1753. Nigella damascena L.	Love-in-a-mist, Devil-in-the-bush, Jack-in-the-green, Wild fennel, Damascus hellebore Nigelle de Damas	Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-X NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA IPN  Images, wsp

Tribe Helleboreae

The Helleboreae...

Genus Helleborus

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Helleboreae
Helleborus L.	Hellebore	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2
Helleborus niger  L. 1753. Helleborus niger L	Black hellebore, Christmas rose Hellébore noire, Rose de Noël	Introduced from  Europe			NYFA-X USDA-X ARS  BNA Images, wsp
Helleborus viridis  L. 1753. Helleborus viridis L	Green hellebore	Introduced from  Europe			NYFA-X USDA-X ARS  BNA Images, wsp

Tribe Anemoneae

The grouping of Anemoneae used here is based on Mosyakin (2016). and Hoot & al. (2012)

Genus Hepatica

NYFA currently treats sect. Hepatica as a separate genus Hepatica Mill.

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Anemoneae — Hepatica
Hepatica Mill.	Hepatica	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	9
Hepatica acutiloba  DC. 1813. Hepatica triloba var. acuta 1824. Hepatica acutiloba DC. 1884. Anemone acutiloba (DC.) G.Lawson 1891. Hepatica acuta (Pursh) Britton 1960. Hepatica nobilis var. acuta	Sharplobe hepatica, American liverleaf, Liverwort-herb, Sharp-lobed hepatica	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Can Images, wsp
Hepatica americana  (DC.) Ker Gawl. 1814. Hepatica triloba var. obtusa 1817. Hepatica triloba var. americana 1819. Hepatica americana (DC.) Ker Gawl. 1882. Hepatica hepatica (L.) H. Karst. p.p. 1958. Anemone americana (DC.) H.Hara 1960. Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa	Round-lobed hepatica, Blunt-lobed Hepatica, Round-leaved liverleaf, American liverleaf Hépatique d'Amérique, Anémone d'Amérique, Hépatique noble	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Can ARS  FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Genus Anemonastrum

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Anemoneae — Anemonastrum
Anemonastrum Holub	Windflower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	9
Anemonastrum canadense (L.) Mosyakin 1768. Anemone canadensis L. 1892. Anemone dichotoma var. canadensis 1982. Anemonidium canadense (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve 2016. Anemonastrum canadense (L.) Mosyakin	Canada anemone, Canadian anemone, Canada windflower, Meadow anemone, Meadow windflower, Round-leaved anemone, Round-leaved thimbleweed Anémone du Canada	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can FNA  BNA Images, wsp

Genus Anemone

Anemone subg. Anemone

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Anemoneae — Anemone — subg. Anemone
Anemone sect. Anemone subsect. Anemonanthea	Anemone	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	9
Anemone quinquefolia  L. var. quinquefolia 1753. Anemone quinquefolia L. 1808. Anemone pedata Raf. 1813. A. nemorosa var. quinquefolia 1923. A. quinquefolia var. bifolia 1935. A. quinquefolia var. interior 1968. A. nemorosa var. bifolia	Wood anemone, Nightcaps, American wood anemone, Wood windflower Anémone à cinq folioles	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 7, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Anemone sect. Anemone subsect. Virginianae	Anemone	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	9
Anemone cylindrica  A.Gray 1835. Anemone cylindrica A.Gray	Long-headed anemone, Long-headed windflower, Long-fruited anemone, Candle anemone, Thimbleweed, Cottonweed Anémone cylindrique	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 7, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Anemone virginiana  L. 1753. Anemone virginiana L. 1841. A. cylindrica var. alba 1847. A. virginiana var. alba 1899. A. riparia Fernald 1967. A. virginiana var. riparia 1969. A. virginiana var. cylindroidea 1969. A. virginiana var. virginiana	Thimbleweed, Tall anemone, Tall thimbleweed, Tall windflower, Virginia anemone, Riverbank anemone, Cylindrical anemone Anémone de Virginie, Anémone cylindroïde, Anémone blanche	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 5, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Anemone multifida  Poir. var. multifida Anemone globosaAnemone hudsoniana	Hudson Bay anemone, Hudson's anemone, Pacific anemone, Sanson's anemone	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 10, Likely extirpated			NYFA-Z USDA-NN Images, wsp
Anemone sect. Anemone subsect. Virginianae (excluded taxa)	Anemone	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	X
A. cylindrica × virginiana   Anemone cylindrica ×   Anemone virginiana	Hybrid of  long-headed anemone &  thimbleweed	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD Images, wsp

Genus Clematis

Clematis plants are generally vines or subshrubs that go by the common names virgin's-bower, leather-leaf, curly-heads or just clematis. There are three NY-native Clematis species that range from the common (sometimes weedy) C. virginiana, to the rare (probably extirpated) C. ochroleuca, which is at the extreme northern extent of its range in New York has only been found in the wilds of New York City, and not reported there since the 1930's. Many non-native Clematis vines are planted for ornamental purposes, but most rarely, if ever, naturalize in New York State. However, C. terniflora has been found to be highly invasive in parts of New York, and is currently on the state's Regulated Species list.

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Anemoneae — Clematis
Clematis subg. Clematis	Virgin's-bower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	6
Clematis virginiana  L. 1755. Clematis virginiana L. 1768. Clematis canadensis Miller 1814. Clematis holosericea Pursh 1885. C. dioica ssp. virginiana Kunze 1901. Clematis missouriensis Rydb. 1935. C. virginiana var. missouriensis	Virgin's-bower, Devil's darning needles, Virginia clematis, Virginia bower, Virginia virgin's bower, Old man's beard Clématite de Virginie, Herbe aux gueux	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 3, Secure FAC Perennial, Vine, subshrub, Sun - shade			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS  FNA Trop. BNA LBJ Images, wsp
Clematis subg. Atragene	Virgin's-bower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	6
Clematis occidentalis (Hornem.) DC. var. occidentalis 1805. Atragene americana Sims 1815. A. occidentalis Hornem. 1818. Clematis verticillaris DC. 1824. C. occidentalis DC. 1947. C. verticillaris var. cacuminis 1968. C. verticillaris var. grandiflora	Purple clematis, Purple virgin’s-bower, Western blue virginsbower, Northern blue clematis Clématite verticillée, Atragène d'Amérique, Clématite occidentale	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 9, Likely secure UPL Perennial, Vine, subshrub, Part shade - shade			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. BNA LBJ Images, wsp
Clematis subg. Viorna	Virgin's-bower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	6
Clematis ochroleuca  Aiton 1789. Clematis ochroleuca Aiton 1814. C. ovata Pursh 1885. C. integrifolia ssp. ovata 1903. Viorna ochroleuca (Aiton) Small 1903. Viorna ovata (Pursh) Small (i) 1931. C. ochroleuca var. ovata 1982. Coriflora ochroleuca (Aiton) W.A.Weber	Curlyheads, Curly-heads, Silky leather-flower, Erect silky leather-flower	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 10, Likely extirpated, Impersistent UPL Perennial, Herb-subshrub			NYFA-Z USDA-N0 FNA Trop. BNA LBJ Images, wsp
Clematis subg. Flammula	Virgin's-bower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	6
Clematis terniflora  DC. 1817. Clematis terniflora DC. 1909. C. dioscoreifolia H.Lév. & Vaniot 1945. C. dioscoreifolia var. robusta	Yam-leaved clematis, Yam-leaved virgin's-bower, Sweet autumn clematis, Sweet autumn virginsbower, Japanese virgin's-bower Clématite à panicules	Introduced from  Asia, Highly invasive, NYIS: 73%, Regulated FACU-UPL Perennial, Vine, subshrub			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW Can ARS  BNA Images, wsp
Clematis viticella  L. 1753. Clematis Viticella L. 1903. Viticella viticella (L.) Small nom. illeg. - tautonym 1949. Clematis viticella fo. purpurea	European purple clematis, Italian clematis, Italian leather flower, Italian virgin's-bower Clématite fausse-vigne, Clématite bleue	Introduced from  Eruasia, Impersistent, Rare Perennial, Vine			NYFA-X USDA-XX Can ARS  FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Clematis recta  L.	Ground virgin's-bower	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW  BNA Images, wsp

Tribe Ranunculeae

The Ranunculeae...

Genus Halerpestes

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Halerpestes
Halerpestes	Seaside crowfoot	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Halerpestes cymbalaria (Pursh) Greene 1814. Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh 1900. Halerpestes cymbalaria (Pursh) Greene 1975. Cyrtorhyncha cymbalaria ssp. alpina	Alkali buttercup, Seaside crowfoot Renoncule cymbalaire	N.Y. native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-N FNA  Images, wsp

Genus Ceratocephala

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ceratocephala
Ceratocephala	Curveseed-butterwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Ceratocephala testiculata     C. falcata     C. orthoceras     Ranunculus falcatus     R. testiculatus	Curve-seeded butterwort, Bur buttercup, Hornseed buttercup	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-X Images, wsp

Genus Ficaria

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ficaria
Ficaria	Celandine	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Ficaria verna  Huds. ssp. verna 1753. Ranunculus ficaria L. 1762. Ficaria verna Huds. 1882. Ficaria ficaria H. Karst. nom. illeg. 1908. R. ficaria var. bulbifer Albert 1981. R. ficaria ssp. bulbifer Lambinon	Lesser celandine, Fig buttercup, Fig-crowfoot, Pilewort	Introduced, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 86%, Prohibited			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW Can ARS  FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Genus Ranunculus

Ranunculus subg. Batrachium

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus — subg. Batrachium
Ranunculus subg. Batrachium	White water-crowfoot	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Ranunculus aquatilis  L. var. diffusus With. 1786. R. trichophyllus Chaix nom. nud.  auct. R. circinatus non Sibth. (1794) 1795. R. flaccidus Pers. 1796. R. aquatilis var. diffusus 1823. R. amphibius James 1839. R. longirostris Godr. 1839. Batrachium circinatum Spach 1844. B. longirostre F.W.Schultz 1848. B. trichophyllum F.W.Schultz 1869. B. flaccidum (Pers.) Rupr. 1884. R. aquatilis var. longirostris 1942. R. aquatilis var. calvescens	Eastern white water-crowfoot, Longbeak buttercup, Thread-leaved water buttercup, Hair-leaved water buttercup Renoncule à long bec, Renoncule à feuilles capillaires, Renoncule à feuilles chevelues, Renoncule à lâche	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 9, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-N0 NEW Can ITIS FNA Trop. BNA IPN  Images, wsp
Ranunculus subg. Batrachium (excluded taxa)	White water-crowfoot	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	X
Ranunculus circinatus  Sibth. 1794. Ranunculus circinatus Sibth. 1839. Batrachium circinatum (Sibth.) Spach 1937. B. foeniculaceum (Gilib.) Krecz.  auct. R. longirostris non Godr.	White water-crowfoot	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-AUCT Images, wsp

Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus — subg. Ranunculus — sect. Ranunculus
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus	Buttercup	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	23
Ranunculus pensylvanicus  L.f. 1781. Ranunculus pensylvanicus L.f.	Pennsylvania buttercup, Bristly buttercup, Bristly crowfoot Renoncule de Pennsylvanie	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 2, Secure OBL Annual/Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA IPN  Images, wsp
Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. ex Lam. var. recurvatus 1804. Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. ex Lam. 1929. R. recurvatus var. adpressipilis	Blisterwort, Hooked buttercup, Hooked crowfoot, Rough buttercup, Little-leaved buttercup Renoncule à bec recourbé	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 6, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ITIS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Ranunculus hispidus  Michx. var. caricetorum (Greene) T.Duncan 1903. Ranunculus caricetorum Greene 1906. R. siciformis Mack. 1936. R. septentrionalis var. caricetorum 1980. R. hispidus var. caricetorum  auct. R. septentrionalis non Poir.	Bristly buttercup, Swamp buttercup, Swamp crowfoot, Northern swamp buttercup, Marsh buttercup Renoncule des cariçaies	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 7, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
Ranunculus hispidus  Michx. var. hispidus 1803. Ranunculus hispidus Michx. 1920. R. h. var. falsus 1941. R. h. var. eurylobus 1948. R. h. var. greenmanii 1948. R. h. var. marilandicus 1948. R. h. var. typicus	Bristly buttercup, Hispid buttercup, Rough buttercup, Hispid crowfoot Renoncule hispide	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 7, Secure FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
Ranunculus hispidus  Michx. var. nitidus (Muhl. ex Chapm.) T.Duncan 1804. Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir. 1817. R. carolinianus DC. 1821. R. palmatus Elliott 1860. R. repens var. nitidus 1860. R. septentrionalis var. nitidus 1941. R. septentrionalis var. pterocarpus 1980. R. hispidus var. nitidus	Swamp buttercup, Bristly buttercup, Hispid buttercup Renoncule brillante	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 8, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl. ex Bigelow     R. fascicularis Muhl. ex Bigelow	Early buttercup, Early crowfoot	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 8, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-N Images, wsp
Ranunculus acris	Tall butter-cup	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-N? Images, wsp
Ranunculus bulbosus	Bulbous butter-cup, St. Anthony's turnip	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-X Images, wsp
Ranunculus repens	Creeping butter-cup	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus (excluded taxa)	Buttercup	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	X
Ranunculus cordiger  Viv.		Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-EXCLD Images, wsp

Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Echinella

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus — subg. Ranunculus — sect. Echinella
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Echinella	Buttercup	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	23
Ranunculus sardous	Crowfoot	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Ranunculus arvensis	Corn crowfoot, Corn buttercup	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-X Images, wsp
Ranunculus parviflorus  L.	Smallflower buttercup, Small-flowered butter-cup	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp

Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Epirotes

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus — subg. Ranunculus — sect. Epirotes
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Epirotes	Buttercup	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	23
Ranunculus abortivus	Kidney-leaved crowfoot, Little-leaved buttercup	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-N Images, wsp
Ranunculus allegheniensis	Allegheny mountains crowfoot, Allegheny Mountain buttercup	N.Y. native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-N Images, wsp
Ranunculus micranthus     Nutt. ex Torrey & A.Gray	Small-flowered crowfoot, Rock crowfoot, Rock buttercup	N.Y. native, Threatened			NYFA-3 USDA-N0 Images, wsp
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Epirotes (excluded taxa)	Buttercup	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	X
Ranunculus pygmaeus Wahlenb.     R. pygmaeus Wahlenb.     R. pygmaeus var. langianus	Dwarf buttercup, Pygmy buttercup	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NN FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Flammula

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus — subg. Ranunculus — sect. Flammula
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Flammula	Spearwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	23
Ranunculus flammula  L. var. reptans (L.) E. Mey. 1753. R. reptans L. 1803. R. filiformis Michx. 1829. R. flammula var. filiformis 1830. R. flammula var. reptans	Narrow-leaved   creeping spearwort, Greater creeping spearwort Renoncule radicante, Renoncule rampante	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Can FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Ranunculus flammula  L. var. ovalis (J.M.Bigelow) L.D.Benson 1753. R. flammula L. misapplied 1824. R. filiformis var. ovalis 1838. R. reptans var. ovalis 1942. R. flammula var. ovalis 1942. R. flammula var. samolifolius	Wider-leaved   creeping spearwort, Lesser spearwort Renoncule ovée	N.Y. native, Vulnerable			NYFA-3-5 USDA-NN FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Ranunculus ambigens S.Watson     R. obtusiusculus Raf. (i)	Water-plantain spearwort	N.Y. native, Likely secure			NYFA-4-5 USDA-N0 Images, wsp
Ranunculus pusillus  Poir.     R. oblongifolius     R. pusillus var. angustifolius     R. tener	Low spearwort, Pursh buttercup	N.Y. native, Likely extirpated			NYFA-X USDA-N0 Images, wsp
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Flammula (excluded taxa)	Buttercup	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	X
Ranunculus flammula  L. var. flammula 1753. Ranunculus flammula L. 1840. R. flammula var. angustifolius	Lesser spearwort Renoncule flammette	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NN FNA  Images, wsp
Ranunculus laxicaulis (Torr. & A.Gray) Darby 1838. R. flammula var. laxicaulis 1841. R. laxicaulis (Torr.& A.Gray) Darby 1845. R. texensis Engelm. 1900. R. mississippiensis Small 1942. R. laxicaulis var. mississippiensis 1971. R. subcordatus E.O.Beal	Mississippi buttercup	N. America native, N.Y. excluded OBL Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-XCLD USDA-N0 ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Ranunculus bonariensis  Poir. 1951. Ranunculus bonariensis Poir.	Carter's buttercup	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-N0 Images, wsp

Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Hecatonia

Ranunculales — Ranunculaceae — Ranunculoideae — Ranunculeae — Ranunculus — subg. Ranunculus — sect. Hecatonia
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Hecatonia	Buttercup	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	23
Ranunculus flabellaris  Raf. 1818. R. flabellaris Raf. 1818. R. delphiniifolius Torr. ex Eaton	Yellow water butter-cup, Yellow water buttercup, Yellow water crowfoot Renoncule à évantails	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 8, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Ranunculus sceleratus  L. var. sceleratus 1753. Ranunculus sceleratus L.	Cursed butter-cup, Cursed buttercup, Cursed crow-foot, Cursed crowsfoot, Blisterwort Renoncule scélérate	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 3, Unranked OBL Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-NX ARS  FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Family Papaveraceae

The Papaveraceae (poppy family)...

Subfamily Papaveroideae

Tribe Papavereae

Genus Argemone

Argemone (AR-ge-mon-ee)

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Papavereae — Argemone
Argemone	Pricklypoppy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2
Argemone albiflora ssp. albiflora	White prickly-poppy, Bluestem prickly-poppy, Texas prickly-poppy	Introduced, N. America native			NYFA-X USDA-N0 Images, wsp
Argemone mexicana	Mexican prickly-poppy	Introduced, N. America native			NYFA-X USDA-NW Images, wsp

Genus Papaver

Papaver (puh-PAY-ver)

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Papavereae — Papaver
Papaver	Poppy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	6
Papaver somniferum  L.	Opium poppy, Common poppy	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XW Images, wsp
Papaver rhoeas  L.	Common poppy, Corn poppy, Field poppy, Flanders poppy	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Papaver dubium  L.	Blindeyes, Long-podded poppy, Long-headed poppy	Introduced, Rare			NYFA-X USDA-XW Images, wsp
Papaver argemone  L.	Long pricklyhead poppy, Pale rough-fruited poppy	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Papaver (excluded taxa)	Poppy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	X
Papaver atlanticum  (Ball) Coss. 1873. P. rupifragum var. atlanticum 1882. P. atlanticum (Ball) Coss.	Atlas poppy, Moroccan poppy, Spanish poppy	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-0 IPN  Images, wsp
Papaver glaucum  Boiss. & Hausskn.	Tulip poppy	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-X0 Images, wsp
Papaver orientale  L.     Papaver orientale L.     P. pseudoorientale     P. pseudo-orientale	Oriental poppy	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-XX Images, wsp

Tribe Chelidonieae

Genus Sanguinaria

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Chelidonieae — Sanguinaria
Sanguinaria	Bloodroot	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Sanguinaria canadensis  L. 1753. Sanguinaria canadensis L. 1905. S. australis Greene 1905. S. dilleniana Greene 1909. S. canadensis var. rotundifolia	Bloodroot, Puccoon-root, Red puccoon Sanguinaire du Canada, Sang-dragon	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 6, Likely secure FACU-UPL Perennial, Herb-forb, Part shade - shade			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS  FNA  LBJ Images, wsp

Genus Stylophorum

The only New World Stylophorum species is S. diphyllum, Celandine poppy, which is native to the Midwest section of the US. It is cultivated but not known to naturalize in New York. It closely resembles Chelidonium majus (greater celandine).

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Chelidonieae — Stylophorum
Stylophorum	Celandine-poppy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	0
Stylophorum diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt. 1803. Chelidonium diphyllum Michx. 1818. S. diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt. 1825. S. ohiense Spreng.	Celandine-poppy, Wood-poppy, Mock poppy, Yellow poppy, Yellow wood poppy	Introduced from  Midwest, N. America native, Cultivated only, Not naturalized Perennial, Herb-forb, Part shade - shade			NYFA-Xnn USDA- Can-0 ARS  FNA Trop. NSE BNA LBJ Images, wsp

Genus Chelidonium

Chelidonium majus, Greater Celandine, is widely regarded as a weed in North America and is listed invasive in some states. It is also poisonous to mammals.

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Chelidonieae — Chelidonium
Chelidonium	Celandine	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Chelidonium majus  L. 1753. Chelidonium majus L. 1821. C. majus var. grandiflorum 1824. C. grandiflorum (DC.) DC.     C. majus ssp. grandiflorum	Greater celandine Great celandine Celandine Nipplewort Swallowwort Rock poppy Grande chélidoine Chélidoine Chélidoine herbe-aux-verrues Chélidoine majeure Éclaire Grande éclaire Herbe aux verrues	Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Potentially invasive, Naturalized, IPANEIPAUS, eXtension Biennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW Can ARS  FNA  NSE BNA Images, wsp

Genus Macleaya

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Chelidonieae — Macleaya
Macleaya	Plume poppy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R.Br. 1799. Bocconia cordata Willd. 1826. M. cordata (Willd.) R.Br. 1866. M. yedoensis André 1909. M. cordata var. yedoensis	Plume poppy, Plume-poppy, Tree-celandine Macléaya à feuilles cordées	Introduced from  temperate Asia, Naturalized Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW Can ARS  Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp

Genus Glaucium

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Chelidonieae — Glaucium
Glaucium	Hornpoppy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2
Glaucium flavum  Crantz 1753. Chelidonium glaucium L. 1763. Glaucium flavum Crantz 1771. G. luteum Scop. 1887. G. corniculatum var. flavum	Yellow horned-poppy, Yellow horn-poppy, Horned-poppy, Sea-poppy Glaucienne jaune, Glaucie jaune, Glaucière jaune, Pavot cornu, Pavot jaune des sables	Introduced from  Eurasia,  n. Africa, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 66% Biennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XW NEW Can ARS  FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
Glaucium corniculatum (L.) Rudolph 1753. Chelidonium corniculatum L. 1781. G. corniculatum (L.) Rudolph 1789. G. corniculatum (L.) Curtis (i)	Red horned-poppy, Blackspot hornpoppy	Introduced, Impersistent			NYFA-X USDA-X0 NEW-0Can-0 ARS  FNA Trop. NSE BNA IPN  Images, wsp

Tribe Eschscholtzieae

Genus Eschscholzia

Eschscholzia (es-SHOLT-zee-uh) was named in honor of Dr. Johann Friedrich Gustav von Eschscholtz, a 19th-century Estonian surgeon and botanist.

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Papaveroideae — Eschscholtzieae — Eschscholzia
Eschscholzia	California-poppy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Eschscholzia californica  Cham. ssp. californica Eschscholzia procera Greene	California poppy	Introduced, N. America native			NYFA-X USDA-NX Images, wsp

Subfamily Fumarioideae

Tribe Fumarieae

Subtribe Corydalineae

Genus Dicentra

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumarieae — Corydalineae — Dicentra
Dicentra	Bleeding-heart	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	n
Dicentra canadensis  (Goldie) Walp. 1822. Corydalis canadensis Goldie 1842. Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp. 1892. Bicuculla canadensis (Goldie) Millsp.	Squirrel-corn, Turkey-corn Dicentre du Canada	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS ITIS FNA  NSE BNA Images, wsp
Dicentra cucullaria  (L.) Bernh. 1753. Fumaria cucullaria L. 1806. Corydalis cucullaria (L.) Pers. 1833. Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh. 1892. Bicuculla cucullaria (L.) Millsp. 1912. Dicentra occidentalis (Rydb.) Fedde	Dutchman's breeches, Turkey-corn, Dicentre à capuchon	N.Y. native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS ITIS FNA  NSE BNA Images, wsp
Dicentra eximia  (Ker Gawl.) Torr. 1815. Fumaria eximia Ker Gawl. 1843. Dicentra eximia (Ker Gawl.) Torr.	Wild bleeding-heart, Eastern bleeding-heart, Turkey corn, Staggerweed	Introduced, N. America native			NYFA-X USDA-N0 ARS  NSE BNA Images, wsp

Genus Lamprocapnos

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumarieae — Corydalineae — Lamprocapnos
Lamprocapnos	Bleeding-heart	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara 1753. Fumaria spectabilis L. 1831. Diclytra spectabilis (L.) DC. 1847. Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem. 1997. Lamprocapnos spectabilis	Bleeding-heart, Asian bleeding-heart, Common bleedinghearts	Introduced, Asia native			NYFA-X USDA- NEW  ARS ITIS Images, wsp

Genus Adlumia

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumarieae — Corydalineae — Adlumia
Adlumia	Adlumia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Adlumia fungosa  (Aiton) Greene ex Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1789. Fumaria fungosa Aiton 1803. Fumaria recta Michx. 1808. Fumaria cirrhosa Raf. 1888. Adlumia fungosa Greene ex BSP 1891. Bicuculla fungosa Kuntze	Allegheny vine, Climbing fumitory, Mountain-fringe, Woodfringe, Canary vine Adlumie fongueuse	N.Y. native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Can ARS ITIS FNA  Images, wsp

Genus Capnoides

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumarieae — Corydalineae — Capnoides
Capnoides	Harlequin	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Capnoides sempervirens  (L.) Borkh. 1753. Fumaria sempervirens L. 1797. Capnoides sempervirens Borkh. 1806. Corydalis sempervirens Pers. 1813. Corydalis glauca Pursh	Pink corydalis, Pale corydalis, Rock harlequin, Harlequin-flower	N.Y. native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA  Images, wsp

Genus Corydalis

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumarieae — Corydalineae — Corydalis
Corydalis	Fumewort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	4
Corydalis flavula  (Raf.) DC. 1808. Fumaria flavula Raf. 1824. Corydalis flavula (Raf.) DC. 1891. Capnoides flavula (Raf.) Kuntze	Yellow corydalis, Yellow fumewort	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 7, Vulnerable			NYFA-3 USDA-NN ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Corydalis aurea ssp. aurea	Golden corydalis, Scrambled eggs	N.Y. native, NYS CoC: 9, Threatened			NYFA-2 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Corydalis incisa  (Thunb.) Pers.	Purple keman	Introduced, Rare			NYFA-X USDA-00 Images, wsp
Corydalis solida  (L.) Clairv.	Spring corydalis	Introduced, Naturalized			NYFA-Xn Images, wsp
Corydalis (excluded taxa)	Fumewort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	X
Corydalis capnoides  (L.) Pers. 1753. Fumaria capnoides L. 1768. Fumaria alba Mill. 1790. Neckeria capnoides (L.) Neck. 1797. Pseudofumaria capnoides (L.) Borkh. 1806. Corydalis capnoides (L.) Pers. 1823. Corydalis gebleri Ledeb. 1831. Corydalis ochroleuca W.D.J.Koch 1841. Capnoides albida Bernh. ex Steud. 1939. Corydalis alba (Mill.) Mansf. 1986. Pseudofumaria alba (Mill.) Lidén	Pale corydalis	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-EXCLD ARS  Trop. IPN  Images, wsp

Subtribe Fumariineae

Genus Fumaria

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumariineae — Fumaria
Fumaria	Fumitory	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Fumaria officinalis  L. 1753. Fumaria officinalis L.	Common Fumitory, Drug fumitory, Earth smoke, Wax dolls Fumeterre officinal	Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS  FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Fumaria (excluded taxa)	Fumitory	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	X
Fumaria capreolata  L. 1753. Fumaria capreolata L. 1907. Fumaria officinalis var. capreolata	White ramping fumitory, Climbing fumitory	Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-X0 ARS  FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Fumaria parviflora  Lam.	Fine-leaf fumitory, Small-flower fumitory, Indian fumitory	Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, N.Y. excluded Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-XCLD USDA-X0 ARS  Images, wsp

Genus Pseudofumaria

Ranunculales — Papaveraceae — Fumarioideae — Fumariineae — Pseudofumaria
Pseudofumaria	Rock fumitory	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Pseudofumaria lutea  (L.) Borkh. 1771. Fumaria lutea L. 1790. Capnoides luteum Gaertn. 1797. Pseudofumaria lutea Borkh. 1805. Corydalis lutea DC.	Rock fumewort, Yellow corydalis, Rock corydalis, Rock fumitory	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-X0 ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp