Flora of New York/Ranunculales
← Commelinales, Zingiberales, Ceratophyllales |
Flora of New York — Ranunculales : Lardizabalaceae, Menispermaceae, Berberidaceae, Ranunculaceae, Papaveraceae |
→ Proteales… Saxifragales | |||
Table of contents |
Genus index |
Protected species index | Invasive species index | ||
Superorder Ceratophyllanae is the probable sister of the eudicots. Its only order Ceratophyllales contains a single living genus.[1]
Superorders Ranunculanae, Proteanae, and Buxanae, are in the basal grade of eudicots.[2]
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The order Ranunculales has about 93 taxa found outside of cultivation in New York. Ranunculales families include:
- Circaeasteraceae (2 Chinese species, none in NY)
- Lardizabalaceae (1 species of Akebia in NY)
- Menispermaceae (1 species of moonseed in NY)
- Berberidaceae (barberry, 8 taxa in 5 genera in NY)
- Ranunculaceae (68 taxa in 20 genera, Ranunculus the largest)
- Papaveraceae (poppies, 15 taxa in 8 genera in NY)
Clade | Order | Family | Subfamily | Tribe | Genus | Common names | # |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sister to eudicots |
Ceratophyllales | Ceratophyllaceae | — | — | Ceratophyllum | hornwort | 2 |
basal eudicots |
Ranunculales | Lardizabalaceae | Lardizabaloideae | Akebieae | Akebia | chocolate vine, fiveleaf akebia | 1 |
Menispermaceae | Menispermoideae | Menispermeae | Menispermum | moonseed | 1 | ||
Berberidaceae | Podophylloideae | Leonticeae | Caulophyllum | blue cohosh | 2 | ||
Podophylleae | Podophyllum | mayapple, wild mandrake | 1 | ||||
Jeffersonia | twinleaf, rheumatism-root | 1 | |||||
Berberidoideae | Berberideae | Berberis | barberry | 3 | |||
Mahonia | Oregon grape | 1 | |||||
Ranunculaceae | Hydrastoideae | Hydrastideae | Hydrastis | golden-seal, yellow puccoon | 1 | ||
Coptidoieae | Coptideae | Coptis | goldthread, three-leaved goldthread |
1 | |||
Xanthorhizeae | Xanthorhiza | yellowroot | 1 | ||||
Thalictroideae | Aquilegieae | Aquilegia | columbine, wild columbine | 2 | |||
Enemion | false rue anemone | 1 | |||||
Thalictreae | Thalictrum | meadow rue | 7 | ||||
Ranunculoideae | Actaeeae | Actaea | baneberry | 5 | |||
Eranthis | winter aconite | 1 | |||||
Caltheae | Caltha | marsh marigold | 1 | ||||
Trollius | globeflower | 1 | |||||
Adonis | pheasant's eye | 2 | |||||
Delphinieae | Aconitum | monkshood | 3 | ||||
Delphinium | lark-spur | 1 | |||||
Consolida | knight's-spur, lark-spur | 2 | |||||
Nigelleae | Nigella | love-in-a-mist | 1 | ||||
Helleboreae | Helleborus | hellebore, Christmas-rose | 2 | ||||
Anemoneae | Anemone | hepatica, thimbleweed | 9 | ||||
Clematis | leather flower, virgin's-bower | 6 | |||||
Ranunculeae | Halerpestes | seaside crowfoot | 1 | ||||
Ceratocephala | curvseed butterwort | 1 | |||||
Ficaria | celadine | 1 | |||||
Ranunculus | buttercup, crowfoot, spearwort | 23 | |||||
Papaveraceae | Papaveroideae | Papavereae | Argemone | pricklypoppy | 2 | ||
Papaver | poppy | 6 | |||||
Chelidonieae | Sanguinaria | bloodroot, red puccuoon | 1 | ||||
Chelidonium | greater celandine | 1 | |||||
Macleaya | plume poppy | 1 | |||||
Glaucium | hornpoppy | 2 | |||||
Stylophorum | celandine-poppy | 1 | |||||
Eschscholtzieae | Eschscholzia | California poppy | 1 | ||||
Fumarioideae | Fumarieae | Dicentra | bleeding-heart, Dutchman's breeches | 3 | |||
Lamprocapnos | Asian bleeding-heart | 1 | |||||
Adlumia | climbing fumitory | 1 | |||||
Capnoides | harlequin, pink corydalis | 1 | |||||
Corydalis | fumewort, corydalis | 3 | |||||
Fumaria | fumitory | 1 | |||||
Pseudofumaria | rock fumitory, yellow corydalis | 1 | |||||
Proteales | Nelumbonaceae | − | − | Nelumbo | lotus | 2 | |
Platanaceae | − | − | Platanus | sycamore | 2 | ||
Buxales | Buxaceae | Buxoideae | − | Buxus | boxwood | 1 | |
Pachysandroideae | Pachysandreae | Pachysandra | spurge | 2 |
Family Lardizabalaceae[edit | edit source]
The Lardizabalaceae (lardizabala family)...
Subfamily Lardizabaloideae[edit | edit source]
Tribe Akebieae[edit | edit source]
Akebia[edit | edit source]
Akebia | Chocolate-vine | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Houtt.) Dcne. 1779. Rajania quinata Houtt. 1839. Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Dcne. |
Fiveleaf akebia, Chocolate vine |
Introduced from Asia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 52%[1], CP-4[2] |
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NYFA-X USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
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Family Menispermaceae[edit | edit source]
The Menispermaceae (moonseed family)...
Subfamily Menispermoideae[edit | edit source]
Tribe Menispermeae[edit | edit source]
Menispermum[edit | edit source]
Menispermum | Moonseed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Menispermum canadense L. |
Canada moonseed, Common moonseed, Yellow Parilla, Carolina moonseed Ménisperme du Canada, Raison de couleuvre |
Native, Secure |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
Family Berberidaceae[edit | edit source]
The Berberidaceae (barberry family) contains several herbaceous genera that are associated with their native woodland wildflowers, including Caulophyllum (blue cohosh), Podophyllum (mayapple), and Jeffersonia (twinleaf). But the family also contains the non-native ornamental shrubs (some highly invasive) known as barberry in the Berberis and closely-related Manonia genera.
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Subfamily Podophylloideae[edit | edit source]
Tribe Leonticeae[edit | edit source]
Caulophyllum[edit | edit source]
Caulophyllum contains the two blue cohosh species found in New York, but it does not include black cohosh, which is not only in a separate genus (Actaea), but also in a different family (Ranunculaceae, below). Blue cohosh leaves have a similarity to Thalictrum (meadow rue) leaves, accounting for the specific epithet thalictroides.
Caulophyllum giganteum (early blue cohosh), appears earlier in the spring than C. thalictroides and has purple flowers instead of yellow.[1] |
Caulophyllum | Blue cohosh | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Michx. 1753. Leontice thalictroides L. 1803. Caulophyllum thalictroides Michx. |
Blue cohosh, Squaw-root, Papoose-root Caulophylle faux-pigamon |
Native, Secure |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies | |
(Farw.) Loconte & W.H.Blackw. 1918. Caulophyllum thalictroides var. giganteum Farw. 1981. Caulophyllum giganteum Loconte & W.H.Blackw. |
Northern blue cohosh, Giant blue cohosh, Early blue cohosh |
Native, Unranked |
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NYFA-3-5 USDA-N Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies | |
Differences between early and late blue cohoshes
Caulophyllum | common name | Flowering time | Flowers per inflorescence |
Sepal color | Sepal length | Style length |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C. gigantium | early blue cohosh | flowers before leaf expansion, 10-15 days before C. thalictroides |
4 - 8 | purple to purple-brown | 6 - 9 mm | 1 - 2 mm |
C. thalictroides | late blue cohosh | flowers with leaves, 10-15 days after C. gigantium |
5 - 70 | yellow to yellow-green | 3 - 6 mm | ≤1 mm |
Tribe Podophylleae[edit | edit source]
Podophyllum[edit | edit source]
Podophyllum | Mayapple | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Podophyllum peltatum L. |
May-apple, Indian-apple, Wild-mandrake Pomme de mai |
Native, Secure |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies | |
Jeffersonia[edit | edit source]
Although twinleaf is listed as threatened in New York, its populations have probably remained fairly stable. Because its native habitat includes ravines, its scarcity is more a matter of New York being at the northern edge of its natural range than it is of recent habitat loss. However, invasion of its habitat by exotic plants like garlic mustard and swallow-wort is currently a concern. |
Jeffersonia | Twinleaf | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Pers. 1753. Podophyllum diphyllum L. 1805. Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers. |
Twinleaf, Twin-leaf, Rheumatism-root |
Native, CoC: 7, Threatened, NYNHP: 2[1] |
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NYFA-2 USDA-N ARS-GRIN FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Subfamily Berberidoideae[edit | edit source]
Tribe Berberideae[edit | edit source]
Berberis[edit | edit source]
Although there are a few North American native barberry species, none are known to have naturalized in New York State (unless Mahonia is included in Berberis). The closest reported occurrence is of Berberis canadensis (American barberry) in Huntington County in south-central Pennsylvania. However the two Eurasian barberries, Berberis thunbergii and Berberis vulgaris are quite common and considered to be invasive in New York. If fact, the sale of fertile Japanese barberry (B. thunbergii) is now prohibited in the state.
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Berberis sect. Berberis[edit | edit source]
Barberry species | Leaf margin | Spines / thorns[1][2] | Flowers |
---|---|---|---|
Berberis thunbergii, Japanese barberry | Entire (smooth) | 1 (or 1 with 2 short side-branches) | Sessile umbel |
Berberis vulgaris, European barberry | Serrate (toothed) | 3 (or 1 with 2 long side-branches) | Racemes of 10-25 |
Berberis × ottawensis, Ottawa barberry | Entire (smooth) | 1 to 3 | Subumbellate-raceme |
Berberis canadensis, American barberry | Serrate (toothed) | 3 (or 1 with 2 long side-branches) | Racemes of 5-10 |
Berberis | Barberry | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
DC. 1821. Berberis thunbergii DC. 1926. B. thunbergii var. atropurpurea |
Japanese barberry Épine-vinette du Japon |
Introduced from eastern Asia, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 91%[3], Prohibited, CP-2[4] NE-1[5] |
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NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN FNAFNA Tropicos CABI Images Wikispecies | |
L. 1753. Berberis vulgaris L. 1845. B. vulgaris var. purpurea 1860. B. vulgaris fo. atropurpurea 1869. B. jacquinii hort. ex K.Koch 1869. B. sanguinea hort. ex K.Koch |
Common barberry, European barberry, Jaundice-berry Épine-vinette commune, Épine-vinette, Berbéris vulgaire, Berbéride vulgaire |
Introduced from Eurasia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 69%[6], CP-3[7] NE-2[8] |
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NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
C.K.Schneid. Berberis thunbergii × Berberis vulgaris 1927. Berberis × ottawensis C.K.Schneid. |
Hybrid barberry, Ottawa barberry |
Introduced, Potentially invasive, Present in New Eng. |
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Clinton (2014) | NYFA-Xn USDA-XX Go Botany iNaturalist Images Wikispecies |
C.K.Schneid. 1913. Berberis julianae C.K.Schneid. |
Juliana's berberis, Wintergreen barberry, Chinese barberry |
Introduced from China, Highly invasive, NYS Tier 2, Single population, Not naturalized |
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NYFA: Suffolk iNat: 5 counties |
NYFA-X USDA-X0 iNaturalist ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
Berberis (unlisted taxa) | Barberry | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Palibin. 1899. Berberis koreana Palibin. |
Korea barberry | Introduced from Asia, No specimens, Present in Vermont |
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Go Botany iNaturalist Images Wikispecies | |
Mill. 1768. Berberis canadensis Mill. 1869. B. fischeri hort. ex K.Koch* 1894. B. angulizans hort. ex Massias |
American barberry, Allegheny barberry |
N. America native | USDA-N0 iNaturalist FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies | ||
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Berberis sect. Mahonia[edit | edit source]
Berberis sect. Mahonia has also been treated as a separate genus Mahonia. It contains the Oregon grape, which is native to the west coast of North America. It is considered very invasive in Europe and is known to escape cultivation throughout New York.
Also present in the southeastern part of the states is Berberis bealei (Beale's oregon-grape) which is listed as Highly Invasive/NYS Tier 2 by iMapInvasives and is considered an aggressive invader in the Southeastern United States.[1] |
Berberis | Barberry | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Pursh) Nutt. 1813. Berberis aquifolium Pursh 1818. Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. 1906. Odostemon aquifolium (Pursh) Rydb. 1931. Mahonia diversifolia Sweet 1934. Mahonia piperiana Abrams 1939. Berberis piperiana McMinn 1940. Berberis diversifolia Steud. |
Oregon grape, Piper's Oregon-grape, Oregon holly-grape, Tall mahonia, Hollyleaved barberry Mahonia à feuilles de houx, Mahonia faux-houx, Faux-houx, Mahonia |
Introduced from western N. America, N. America native, Lower Hudson Tier 5 |
NYFA-Xn? USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP IPN LBJ CABI Images Wikispecies | ||
Fortune 1850. Berberis bealei Fortune
1855. Mahonia bealei (Fortune) Carrière
1901. Mahonia japonica var. bealei (Fortune) Fedde |
Leatherleaf mahonia
Beale's oregon-grape
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Introduced from Asia, Highly invasive, NYS Tier 2[1] |
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iNat: 7 counties | USDA-X0 iNaturalist Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
Family Ranunculaceae[edit | edit source]
The Ranunculaceae...
Subfamily Hydrastoideae[edit | edit source]
Tribe Hydrastideae[edit | edit source]
Hydrastis[edit | edit source]
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Hydrastis | Goldenseal | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. |
Goldenseal, Golden-seal, Orange-root, Yellow-puccoon Hydraste du Canada, Sceau d'or |
Native, CoC: 9, Threatened, NYNHP: 2[1] Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-2 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN BONAP Images Wikispecies Note: FLNPS | |
Subfamily Coptidoideae[edit | edit source]
Tribe Coptideae[edit | edit source]
Coptis[edit | edit source]
Goldthread (Coptis trifolia)
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Coptis | Goldthread | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Salisb. 1753. Helleborus trifolius L. 1771. Anemone groenlandica Oeder 1807. Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. 1929. Coptis groenlandica (Oeder) Fernald 1937. Coptis trifolia ssp. groenlandica (Oeder) Hultén 1947. Coptis trifolia var. groenlandica (Oeder) Fassett |
Goldthread
Three-leaved goldthread
Threeleaf goldthread
Yellow snakeroot
Goldenroot
American goldthread
Canker-root Savoyane
Coptide du Groenland
Coptide savoyane
Sabouillane
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Native, Secure FACW Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies | |
Tribe Xanthorhizeae[edit | edit source]
Xanthorhiza[edit | edit source]
Shrub yellowroot (Xanthorhiza simplicissima) is the only species of its genus and one of the few woody plants in the Ranunculaceae. It is native to the southeastern US and introduced in parts the northeast. Its naturalization status in New York is uncertain.
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Xanthorhiza | Yellowroot | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Marshall 1785. X. simplicissima Marshall X. apiifolia L'Héritier |
Yellowroot, Brook-feather, Shrub yellowroot |
Introduced, N. America native |
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Bronx Columbia Schenectady Suffolk Westchester | NYFA-X USDA-N0 Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
Subfamily Thalictroideae[edit | edit source]
Tribe Aquilegieae[edit | edit source]
Aquilegia[edit | edit source]
Columbine (Aquilegia) includes at least 22 species that are native to western North America, but only red columbine (A. canadensis) appears to be native in the east. European columbine is also common in New York State, where it has naturalized.
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Aquilegia | Columbine | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Aquilegia canadensis L. |
Wild columbine
Red columbine
Wild red columbine
Canadian columbine
Red-bell
Honeysuckle
Meeting-houses Ancolie du Canada
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Native, CoC: 5, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
European columbine | Introduced N. R. Perennial, Herb-forb |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |||
Enemion[edit | edit source]
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Enemion | False-rue-anemone | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Raf. 1820. Enemion biternatum Raf.
1840. Isopyrum biternatum (Raf.) Torr. & A. Gray |
False rue anemone
Eastern false rue anemone
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Native, CoC: 10, Likely extirpated, SX, G5 FAC-FACU Perennial, Herb-forb |
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Erie (no date) | NYFA-Z USDA-NN iNaturalist FNA Images Wikispecies |
Tribe Thalictreae[edit | edit source]
Thalictrum[edit | edit source]
Meadow rue
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Thalictrum sect. Heterogamia | Meadow-rue | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Thalictrum dioicum L. 1803. Thalictrum laevigatum Michx. 1832. Thalictrum pauciflorum Raf. 1885. Thalictrum pulchellum Pursh 1914. Leucocoma dioica (L.) Nieuwl. |
Early meadow-rue, Quicksilver-weed Pigamon dioïque |
Native, Secure |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
Trel. 1886. Thalictrum venulosum Trel.
1900. Thalictrum confine Fernald
1949. Thalictrum turneri B.Boivin
1966. Thalictrum venulosum var. confine (Fernald) Boivin |
Early meadow-rue, Veined meadow-rue, Veiny meadow-rue |
Native, Endangered |
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Clinton (1949, 1993), Essex (1980, 1995) |
NYFA-1 USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
Thalictrum sect. Anemonella | Meadow-rue | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) A.J.Eames & B.Boivin 1753. Anemone thalictroides L. 1803. Thalictrum anemonoides Michx. 1805. Thalictrum anemoides Maxim. 1832. Syndesmon thalictroides Hoffmanns. 1839. Anemonella thalictroides Spach 1957. Thalictrum thalictroides |
Rue anemone, Windflower Pigamon à ombelles |
Native, Secure |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies | |
Thalictrum sect. Leucocoma | Meadow-rue | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Pursh 1788. Thalictrum carolinianum Walter
1813. Anemone walteri Pursh
1814. Thalictrum pubescens Pursh
1818. Thalictrum carolinianum var. subpubescens DC.
1825. Thalictrum polygamum Muhl. ex Spreng.
1841. Thalictrum walteri (Pursh) Spreng. ex Steud.
1910. Thalictrum perelegans Greene |
King of the meadow, Late meadow-rue, Tall meadow-rue, Meadow-weed, Muskrat-weed Pigamon pubescent |
Native, Secure |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN GBIF Go Botany iNaturalist FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
DC. Thalictrum amphibolum Greene Thalictrum hepaticum Greene Thalictrum moseleyi Greene |
Purple meadow-rue, Skunk meadow-rue, Wax-leaved meadow-rue, Waxyleaf meadow-rue |
Native, Secure |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
Fisch. & Avé-Lall. Thalictrum dasycarpum var. hypoglaucum Thalictrum hypoglaucum Rydb. |
Purple meadow-rue | Introduced, N. America native |
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NYFA-X USDA-NN FNA Images Wikispecies | |
Thalictrum sect. ? | Meadow-rue | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. |
Columbine meadow-rue, French meadow-rue, Greater meadow-rue |
Introduced, Rare, Eurasia native |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany-0 ITIS Images Wikispecies | ||
Subfamily Ranunculoideae[edit | edit source]
The Ranunculoideae contains the New York tribes Actaeeae, Anemoneae, Caltheae, Delphinieae, Helleboreae, Nigelleae, and Ranunculeae.[1]
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Tribe Actaeeae[edit | edit source]
The tribe Actaeeae contains the genera Actaea, Anemonopsis, Beesia, and Eranthis.[1] Of these, Actaea and Eranthis have species found outside of cultivation in New York. This tribe has also gone by the name Cimicifugeae.[2]
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Actaea[edit | edit source]
Here the genus Cimicifuga (bugbane) is included in Actaea (baneberry) as per Compton (1998).[1]
Berry-color alone can't be used to distinguish red and white baneberry from each other. Even at maturity, red baneberry (Actaea rubra) plants frequently have white fruit (sometimes differentiated as forma neglecta). Red or pink berries on white baneberry, Actaea pachypoda (fo. rubrocarpa), are less common and may indicate that the plant is a hybrid (Actaea ×ludovici) of the two species. A better way to distinguish red and white baneberry is to observe the color and width of the fruit pedicels. Red baneberry has brown or greenish pedicels that are thinner than the axis of their raceme. White baneberry has bright red and much thicker pedicels that are about the same diameter as the raceme axis.[2]
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Actaea L. | Baneberry | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Aiton) Willd. 1789. Actaea spicata var. rubra Aiton 1809. Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. 1838. Actaea arguta Nutt. 1857. Actaea rubra var. arguta (Nutt.) Torr. 1944. Actaea rubra ssp. arguta (Nutt.) Hultén 1914. Christophoriana rubra (Aiton) Nieuwl. |
Red baneberry, Snakeberry Actée rouge |
Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb, Sun-shade |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
Elliott 1753. Actaea spicata var. alba L. nom. rej. 1768. Actaea alba auct. non (L.) Mill. 1813. Actaea americana var. alba (L.) Pursh 1821. Actaea pachypoda Elliott 1914. Christophoriana alba (L.) Nieuwl. |
White baneberry, Doll's-eyes, White cohosh Actée à gros pédicelles, Actée blanche |
Native, CoC: 7, Secure UPL Perennial, Herb-forb, Part shade-shade |
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NYFA-5 USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
B.Boivin Actaea pachypoda × Actaea rubra 1940. Actaea pachypoda fo. rubrocarpa Fernald 1967. Actaea × ludovici B.Boivin 1967. Actaea × ludovicii B.Boivin |
Louis’s baneberry, Ludovic's baneberry, Hybrid Red baneberry & White baneberry |
Native, Vulnerable |
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NYFA-3-4 USDA-N COL GBIF Kew POWO Go Botany ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
L. 1753. Actaea racemosa L. 1788. Actaea monogyna Walter 1813. Cimicifuga serpentaria (L.) Pursh n.i. 1818. Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt.[1] 1890. Cimicifuga racemosa var. dissecta A.Gray 1891. Thalictrodes racemosa (L.) Kuntze 1998. Actaea racemosa var. dissecta J.Compton |
Black cohosh, Black snakeroot, Bugbane, Black baneberry, Black bugbane, Fairy candle Cimicaire à grappes |
Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure UPL Perennial, Herb/forb, Part-full shade |
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NYFA-4 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
Actaea L. (excluded taxa) | Bugbane | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
DC. |
Mountain bugbane, Mountain black cohosh |
N. America native, N.Y. excluded |
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NYFA-Excluded USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies | |
(Kearney) Kartesz 1897. Cimicifuga rubifolia Kearney 1999. Actaea rubifolia Kartesz auct. Actaea cordifolia non DC. auct. Cimicifuga racemosa var. cordifolia non (DC.) A.Gray auct. C. cordifolia non (DC.) Torr. & A.Gray |
Appalachian bugbane | Introduced, US South native |
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NYFA-0 USDA-N0 FNA NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
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Eranthis[edit | edit source]
Winter aconite (Eranthis hyemalis) is native to parts of Europe and is cultivated elsewhere, including New York. It occasionally spreads into adjacent lawns but is not known to truly naturalize in New York.
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Eranthis | Eranthis | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Salisb. Cammarum hyemale Eranthis cilicicus Eranthis × tubergenii Helleborus hyemalis |
Winter aconite | Introduced from Eurasia, Not naturalized |
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Cayuga & Ulster | NYFA-X USDA-X ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
Tribe Caltheae[edit | edit source]
Caltha[edit | edit source]
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Caltha | Marsh-marigold | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Caltha palustris L. 1807. Caltha radicans T.F.Forst. 1818. Caltha asarifolia DC. 1824. Caltha arctica R.Brown 1854. Caltha cornuta Schott, Nyman & Kotschy 1854. Caltha laeta Schott, Nyman & Kotschy |
Marsh marigold, Yellow marsh marigold, Cowslip, Cowflock, Kingcup Populage des marais, Souci d'eau |
Native, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
Trollius[edit | edit source]
Most of the known populations of American globe-flower are found in open parts of calcareous wetlands in central New York State.[1]
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Trollius | Globeflower | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Salisb. ssp. laxus 1807. Trollius laxus Salisb. 1818. Trollius americanus Muhl. ex DC. 1971. Trollius laxus ssp. laxus autonym |
American globe-flower, Spreading globeflower |
Native, CoC: 9, Rare, NYNHP: S3[1] OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, Part shade |
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NYFA-3 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN-0 FNA Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
Adonis[edit | edit source]
Adonis | Pheasant's eye | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Summer adonis, Summer pheasant's eye |
Introduced, Not naturalized |
Richmond only | NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies | ||
Adonis (excluded taxa) | Pheasant's eye | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Blooddrops | Introduced, N.Y. excluded |
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NYFA-Excluded USDA-XX Images Wikispecies | ||
Spring pheasant's eye, Spring adonis, Ox-eye |
Introduced, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies | |||
Tribe Delphinieae[edit | edit source]
Recent phylogenetic research has shown the genera Consolida and Aconitella to be embedded within Delphinium as an annual clade within an otherwise perennial genus.[1]
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Aconitum[edit | edit source]
The only native member of the Delphinieae (syn. Aconiteae) is the endangered northern blue monkshood, which as Aconitum noveboracense is found in only Iowa, New York, Ohio, and Wisconsin. A. noveboracense has been treated as synonymous with Aconitum columbianum ssp. columbianum (Columbia monkshood), which is native to much of western North America.
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Aconitum | Monkshood | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
A.Gray 1838. A. columbianum var. columbianum misapplied
1886. A. noveboracense A.Gray ex Coville
1929. A. noveboracense var. quasiciliatum Fassett
1964. A. uncinatum ssp. noveboracense (A. Gray) Hardin |
Northern blue monkshood, Northern wild monkshood, Northern monk's-hood, New York monkshood, Columbia monkshood Aconit du Columbia |
Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A[1], FWS: 1, NYNHP: 1[2] |
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Chenango, (Delaware), Sullivan, Ulster | NYFA-1 USDA-N0 Go Botany-0 VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN FNA BONAP CPC Images Wikispecies |
L. 1753. Aconitum napellus L. |
Garden monkshood, Venus' chariot |
Introduced from Europe, Naturalized |
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(Broome), Clinton, (Monroe), Otsego, Tompkins | NYFA-X USDA-X Go Botany VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
Aconitum (excluded taxa) | Monkshood | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1762. Aconitum uncinatum L. 1818. A. uncinatum var. muticum 1942. A. uncinatum var. acutidens 1964. A. uncinatum ssp. muticum |
Wild monkshood, Southern blue monkshood |
Introduced, N. America native FAC Perennial, Herb-forb |
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No NY reports (reports in MA & PA) |
NYFA-0 USDA-N0 Go Botany FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies |
Delphinium[edit | edit source]
Larkspur species, previously listed in the Consolida genus are annuals that are now considered to be a clade embedded the perennial Delphinium genus.[1]
Although there were more than sixty Delphinium species native to North America before inclusion of Consolida, none are considered to be native to New York or New England, and none had been reported to have naturalized in New York.[2] The only naturalized Delphinium species in New England is Delphinium exaltatum,[3] which is native to an area that extends as far northeast as northeastern Ohio and southwestern Pennsylvania.[4] Delphinium exaltatum is also distribuded in New York in the "native plant" trade.[5]
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Delphinium | Larkspur | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Delphinium ajacis L. 1853. Consolida ajacei (L.) Schur auct. D. ambigua non L. auct. C. ambigua non (L.) P.W.Ball & Heywood |
Doubtful knight's-spur, Rocket larkspur, Ajax' larkspur Pied-d'alouette d'Ajax, Dauphinelle d'Ajax |
Introduced Annual, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-X USDA-X Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies | |
L. 1753. Delphinium consolida L. 1822. Consolida regalis Gray |
Forking larkspur, Royal larkspur, Rocket larkspur, Field larkspur Pied-d'alouette royal, Dauphinelle consoude, Pied d'alouette |
Introduced Annual, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies | |
Delphinium (excluded taxa) | Larkspur | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Boiss. & A.Huet. 1856. D. formosum Boiss. & A.Huet. |
Hardy larkspur, Showy larkspur |
Introduced from western Asia, N.Y. excluded |
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NYFA-Excluded USDA-EXCLD ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
Aiton 1786. D. urceolatum Jacq. 1789. D. exaltatum Aiton 1803. D. tridactylum Michx. 1830. D. exaltatum (Aiton) Raf. 1914. Delphinastrum exaltatum (Aiton) Nieuwl. |
Tall larkspur | Introduced, US South native, No reports Perennial, Forb-herb |
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NYFA-0 USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Tribe Nigelleae[edit | edit source]
Nigella[edit | edit source]
Nigella | Nigella | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Nigella damascena L. |
Love-in-a-mist, Devil-in-the-bush, Jack-in-the-green, Wild fennel, Damascus hellebore Nigelle de Damas |
Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa Annual, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-X USDA-X Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies | |
Tribe Helleboreae[edit | edit source]
The Helleboreae...[1]
Helleborus[edit | edit source]
Helleborus L. | Hellebore | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Helleborus niger L |
Black hellebore, Christmas rose Hellébore noire, Rose de Noël |
Introduced from Europe |
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NYFA-X USDA-X ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
L. 1753. Helleborus viridis L |
Green hellebore | Introduced from Europe |
NYFA-X USDA-X ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies | ||
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Tribe Anemoneae[edit | edit source]
Hepatica[edit | edit source]
Because the genus Hepatica Mill. (1754) has been shown to be phylogenetically embedded within Anemone is has also been treated as Anemone sect. Hepatica.[1] The two New York Hepatica species (sharp-lobe and round-lobe hepatica) are also occasionally treated as subspecies of the Eurasian Hepatica nobilis (as var. acuta and var. obtusa).
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Hepatica Mill. | Hepatica | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
DC. 1813. Hepatica triloba var. acuta Pursh
1824. Hepatica acutiloba DC.
1884. Anemone acutiloba (DC.) G.Lawson
1891. Hepatica acuta (Pursh) Britton
1916. Hepatica hepatica var. albiflora (R.Hoffm.) Farw.
1960. Hepatica nobilis var. acuta (Pursh) Steyerm. |
Sharplobe hepatica, American liverleaf, Liverwort-herb, Sharp-lobed hepatica |
Native eastern Canada north-central & eastern USA, Secure |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN GBIF Kew POWO VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
(DC.) Ker Gawl. 1814. Hepatica triloba var. obtusa Pursh
1817. Hepatica triloba var. americana DC.
1819. Hepatica americana (DC.) Ker Gawl.
1882. Hepatica hepatica (L.) H. Karst. p.p.
1958. Anemone americana (DC.) H.Hara
1960. Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa Steyerm. |
Round-lobed hepatica, Blunt-lobed Hepatica, Round-leaved liverleaf, American liverleaf Hépatique d'Amérique, Anémone d'Amérique, Hépatique noble |
Native eastern Canada north-central & eastern USA, Secure |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN GBIF Kew POWO VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
Anemonastrum[edit | edit source]
Based on phylogenetic studies, Anemonastrum was segregated from Anemone by Sergei Mosyakin in 2016[1]
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Anemonastrum | Windflower | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1768. Anemone canadensis L.
1892. Anemone dichotoma var. canadensis C.MacMill.
1982. Anemonidium canadense (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve
2016. Anemonastrum canadense (L.) Mosyakin |
Canada anemone, Canadian anemone, Canada windflower, Meadow anemone, Meadow windflower, Round-leaved anemone, Round-leaved thimbleweed Anémone du Canada |
Native, Secure |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Anemone[edit | edit source]
Anemone subg. Anemone sect. Anemone subsect. Anemonanthea | Anemone | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. var. quinquefolia 1753. Anemone quinquefolia L. 1808. Anemone pedata Raf. 1813. A. nemorosa var. quinquefolia (L.) Pursh 1923. A. quinquefolia var. bifolia Farw. 1935. A. quinquefolia var. interior Fernald 1968. A. nemorosa var. bifolia (Farw.) B.Boivin |
Wood anemone, Nightcaps, American wood anemone, Wood windflower Anémone à cinq folioles |
Native, CoC: 7, Secure |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
Anemone subg. Anemone sect. Anemone subsect. Virginianae | Anemone | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Anemone virginiana L. 1841. A. cylindrica var. alba Oakes 1847. A. virginiana var. alba (Oakes) Wood 1899. A. riparia Fernald 1967. A. virginiana var. riparia (Fernald) B.Boivin 1969. A. virginiana var. cylindroidea B.Boivin 1969. A. virginiana var. virginiana autonym |
Thimbleweed, Tall anemone, Tall thimbleweed, Tall windflower, Virginia anemone, Riverbank anemone, Cylindrical anemone Anémone de Virginie, Anémone cylindroïde, Anémone blanche |
Native, CoC: 5, Secure |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
A.Gray 1835. Anemone cylindrica A.Gray |
Long-headed anemone, Long-headed windflower, Long-fruited anemone, Candle anemone, Thimbleweed, Cottonweed Anémone cylindrique |
Native, CoC: 7, Secure |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
Poir. var. multifida Anemone globosaAnemone hudsoniana |
Hudson Bay anemone, Hudson's anemone, Pacific anemone, Sanson's anemone |
Native, CoC: 10, Likely extirpated |
NYFA-Z USDA-NN Images Wikispecies | ||
Anemone subg. Anemone sect. Anemone subsect. Virginianae (excluded taxa) | Anemone | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
A. cylindrica × virginiana Anemone cylindrica × Anemone virginiana |
Hybrid of long-headed anemone & thimbleweed |
N. America native, N.Y. excluded |
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NYFA-Excluded Images Wikispecies | |
Clematis[edit | edit source]
Clematis plants are generally vines or subshrubs that go by the common names virgin's-bower, leather-leaf, curly-heads or just clematis.
There are three NY-native Clematis species that range from the common (sometimes weedy) C. virginiana, to the rare (probably extirpated) C. ochroleuca, which is at the extreme northern extent of its range in New York has only been found in the wilds of New York City, and not reported there since the 1930's. Many non-native Clematis vines are planted for ornamental purposes, but most rarely, if ever, naturalize in New York State. However, C. terniflora has been found to be highly invasive in parts of New York, and is currently on the state's Regulated Species list.[1] |
Clematis subg. Clematis | Virgin's-bower | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1755. Clematis virginiana L. 1768. Clematis canadensis Miller 1814. Clematis holosericea Pursh 1885. C. dioica ssp. virginiana Kunze 1901. Clematis missouriensis Rydb. 1935. C. virginiana var. missouriensis |
Virgin's-bower, Devil's darning needles, Virginia clematis, Virginia bower, Virginia virgin's bower, Old man's beard Clématite de Virginie, Herbe aux gueux |
Native, CoC: 3, Secure FAC Perennial, Vine, subshrub, Sun - shade |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
Clematis subg. Atragene | Virgin's-bower | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Hornem.) DC. var. occidentalis 1805. Atragene americana Sims 1815. A. occidentalis Hornem. 1818. Clematis verticillaris DC. 1824. C. occidentalis DC. 1947. C. verticillaris var. cacuminis 1968. C. verticillaris var. grandiflora |
Purple clematis, Purple virgin’s-bower, Western blue virginsbower, Northern blue clematis Clématite verticillée, Atragène d'Amérique, Clématite occidentale |
Native, CoC: 9, Likely secure UPL Perennial, Vine, subshrub, Part shade - shade |
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NYFA-4 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
Clematis subg. Viorna | Virgin's-bower | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Aiton 1789. Clematis ochroleuca Aiton 1814. C. ovata Pursh 1885. C. integrifolia ssp. ovata 1903. Viorna ochroleuca (Aiton) Small 1903. Viorna ovata (Pursh) Small (i) 1931. C. ochroleuca var. ovata 1982. Coriflora ochroleuca (Aiton) W.A.Weber |
Curlyheads, Curly-heads, Silky leather-flower, Erect silky leather-flower |
Native, CoC: 10, Likely extirpated, Impersistent UPL Perennial, Herb-subshrub |
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NYFA-Z USDA-N0 FNA Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
Clematis subg. Flammula | Virgin's-bower | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
DC. 1817. Clematis terniflora DC. 1909. C. dioscoreifolia H.Lév. & Vaniot 1945. C. dioscoreifolia var. robusta (Carrière) Rehder |
Yam-leaved clematis, Yam-leaved virgin's-bower, Sweet autumn clematis, Sweet autumn virginsbower, Japanese virgin's-bower Clématite à panicules |
Introduced from Asia, Highly invasive, NYIS: 73%[1], Regulated[2] FACU-UPL Perennial, Vine, subshrub |
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NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
L. 1753. Clematis Viticella L. 1903. Viticella viticella (L.) Small nom. illeg. - tautonym 1949. Clematis viticella fo. purpurea |
European purple clematis, Italian clematis, Italian leather flower, Italian virgin's-bower Clématite fausse-vigne, Clématite bleue |
Introduced from Eruasia, Impersistent, Rare Perennial, Vine |
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NYFA-X USDA-XX VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
L. |
Ground virgin's-bower | Introduced, N.Y. excluded |
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NYFA-Excluded USDA-XX Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Tribe Ranunculeae[edit | edit source]
The Ranunculeae...
Halerpestes[edit | edit source]
The seaside buttercup [1]
|
Halerpestes | Seaside crowfoot | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Pursh) Greene 1814. Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh 1900. Halerpestes cymbalaria (Pursh) Greene 1975. Cyrtorhyncha cymbalaria ssp. alpina |
Alkali buttercup, Seaside buttercup, Seaside crowfoot Renoncule cymbalaire |
Native, Endangered |
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NYFA-1 USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies | |
Ceratocephala[edit | edit source]
Ceratocephala testiculata (curveseed butterwort) is a Eurasian introduction, more common in the western U.S., where it is often considered invasive.
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Ceratocephala | Curveseed-butterwort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
C. falcata C. orthoceras Ranunculus falcatus R. testiculatus |
Sage buttercup, Curve-seeded butterwort, Bur buttercup, Hornseed buttercup |
Introduced from Eurasia, Naturalized |
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NYFA-X USDA-X BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Ficaria[edit | edit source]
Ficaria verna (lesser celandine) is a Eurasian groundcover that is considered to be invasive where it occurs in forested floodplains in North America.[1] Its sale is now prohibited in New York State.
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Ficaria | Celandine | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Huds. ssp. verna 1753. Ranunculus ficaria L. 1762. Ficaria verna Huds. 1882. Ficaria ficaria H. Karst. nom. illeg. 1908. R. ficaria var. bulbifer Albert 1981. R. ficaria ssp. bulbifer Lambinon |
Lesser celandine, Fig buttercup, Fig-crowfoot, Pilewort |
Introduced, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 86%[1], Prohibited[2] |
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NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
Ranunculus[edit | edit source]
Ranunculus subg. Batrachium[edit | edit source]
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Ranunculus subg. Batrachium | White water buttercup | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Godr. 1786. R. trichophyllus Chaix nom. nud.
auct. R. circinatus non Sibth. (1794)
1795. R. flaccidus Pers.
1796. R. aquatilis var. diffusus With.misapplied
1823. R. amphibius James
1839. R. longirostris Godr.
1839. Batrachium circinatum Spach
1844. B. longirostre F.W.Schultz
1848. B. trichophyllum F.W.Schultz
1869. B. flaccidum (Pers.) Rupr.
1884. R. aquatilis var. longirostris G.Lawson
1942. R. aquatilis var. calvescens L.D.Benson |
Long-beaked white water buttercup, Longbeak buttercup, Thread-leaved water buttercup, Hair-leaved water buttercup Renoncule à long bec, Renoncule à feuilles capillaires, Renoncule à feuilles chevelues, Renoncule à lâche |
Native, CoC: 9, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-5 USDA-N0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies | |
Chaix ex Vill. 1786. R. trichophyllus Chaix ex Vill.
1796. R. aquatilis var. diffusus With.
1824. R. aquatilis var. capillaceus (Thuill.) DC. misapplied
1850. Batrachium trichophyllum (Chaix ex Vill.) Bosch
1936. R. trichophyllus var. calvescens W.B. Drew
1942. R. aquatilis var. calvescens (W.B. Drew) L.D. Benson |
White water buttercup
Thread-leaved water-crowfoot Renoncule capillaire
|
Native, Secure OBL |
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NYFA-5 VASCAN Images Wikispecies | |
Ranunculus subg. Batrachium (excluded taxa) | White water-crowfoot | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Sibth. 1794. Ranunculus circinatus Sibth. 1839. Batrachium circinatum (Sibth.) Spach 1937. B. foeniculaceum (Gilib.) Krecz. auct. R. longirostris non Godr. |
White water-crowfoot | Introduced, N.Y. excluded |
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excluded | NYFA-Excluded USDA-AUCT Images Wikispecies |
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus[edit | edit source]
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus | Buttercup | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L.f. 1781. Ranunculus pensylvanicus L.f. |
Pennsylvania buttercup, Bristly buttercup, Bristly crowfoot Renoncule de Pennsylvanie |
Native, CoC: 2, Secure OBL Annual/Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies | |
Poir. ex Lam. var. recurvatus 1804. Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. ex Lam. 1929. R. recurvatus var. adpressipilis |
Blisterwort, Hooked buttercup, Hooked crowfoot, Rough buttercup, Little-leaved buttercup Renoncule à bec recourbé |
Native, CoC: 6, Secure |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN iNaturalist ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Greene 1903. Ranunculus caricetorum Greene 1906. R. siciformis Mack. 1936. R. septentrionalis var. caricetorum 1980. R. hispidus var. caricetorum auct. R. septentrionalis non Poir. |
Bristly buttercup, Swamp buttercup, Swamp crowfoot, Northern swamp buttercup, Marsh buttercup Renoncule des cariçaies |
Native, CoC: 7, Secure |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Michx. 1803. Ranunculus hispidus Michx. 1920. R. h. var. falsus 1941. R. h. var. eurylobus 1948. R. h. var. greenmanii 1948. R. h. var. marilandicus 1948. R. h. var. typicus |
Bristly buttercup, Hispid buttercup, Rough buttercup, Hispid crowfoot Renoncule hispide |
Native, CoC: 7, Secure FAC Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Michx. var. nitidus (Muhl. ex Chapm.) T.Duncan 1804. Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir. 1817. R. carolinianus DC. 1821. R. palmatus Elliott 1860. R. repens var. nitidus 1860. R. septentrionalis var. nitidus 1941. R. septentrionalis var. pterocarpus 1980. R. hispidus var. nitidus |
Swamp buttercup, Bristly buttercup, Hispid buttercup Renoncule brillante |
Native, CoC: 8, Endangered |
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NYFA-1 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Muhl. ex Bigelow R. fascicularis Muhl. ex Bigelow |
Early buttercup, Early crowfoot |
Native, CoC: 8, Secure |
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NYFA-5 USDA-N Go Botany iNaturalist Images Wikispecies | |
Tall buttercup, Tall butter-cup, Tall crowfoot, Tall crow-foot, Common buttercup, Meadow buttercup |
Introduced from Eurasia, Alaska, Greenland, Potentially invasive, Naturalized, SNA, G5 FAC Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-X USDA-N? iNaturalist ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | ||
Bulbous butter-cup, St. Anthony's turnip |
Introduced, Potentially invasive, SNA, GNR FAC Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-X USDA-X iNaturalist Images Wikispecies | ||
Creeping butter-cup | Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 63%%[1], NYS Untiered, Finger Lakes Tier 4 |
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NYFA-X USDA-XX iNaturalist Images Wikispecies | ||
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus (excluded taxa) | Buttercup | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Viv. |
Introduced, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded USDA-EXCLD iNaturalist Images Wikispecies | |||
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Echinella[edit | edit source]
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Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Echinella | Buttercup | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Crantz 1763. Ranunculus sardous Crantz
1767. Ranunculus parvulus L.
1783. Ranunculus philonotis Ehrh. |
Hairy buttercup
Hairy crowfoot
|
Introduced, Impersistent, Not naturalized FAC Biennial, Herb-forb |
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Madison, Monroe, New York, Oswego, St. Lawrence, Steuben | NYFA-X USDA-XX Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
Corn crowfoot, Corn buttercup |
Introduced, Impersistent, Not naturalized FAC Biennial, Herb-forb |
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Monroe, New York | NYFA-X USDA-X Images Wikispecies | |
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Echinella (excluded taxa) | Buttercup | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. |
Smallflower buttercup, Small-flowered butter-cup |
Introduced, N.Y. excluded |
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excluded | NYFA-Excluded USDA-XX Images Wikispecies |
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Epirotes[edit | edit source]
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Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Epirotes | Buttercup | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Kidney-leaved crowfoot, Little-leaved buttercup |
Native, CoC: 6, Secure, S5 FAC-FACW Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-5 USDA-N Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
Allegheny mountains crowfoot, Allegheny Mountain buttercup |
Native, CoC: 6, Likely secure, S4, G4-5 FAC Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-4 USDA-N Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
Nutt. ex Torrey & A.Gray |
Small-flowered crowfoot, Rock crowfoot, Rock buttercup |
Native, CoC: 8, Rare, S3, G5 FACU Perennial, Herb-forb |
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Bronx, Columbia, Orange, Putnam, Rockland, Suffolk, Ulster, Westchester | NYFA-3 USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Epirotes (excluded taxa) | Buttercup | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Wahlenb. R. pygmaeus Wahlenb. R. pygmaeus var. langianus |
Dwarf buttercup, Pygmy buttercup |
N. America native, N.Y. excluded |
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NYFA-Excluded USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Flammula[edit | edit source]
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Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Flammula | Spearwort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. var. reptans (L.) E. Mey. 1753. Ranunculus reptans L.
1803. Ranunculus filiformis Michx.
1829. R. flammula var. filiformis (Michx.) Hook.
1830. R. flammula var. reptans (L.) E. Mey. |
Narrow-leaved creeping spearwort, Greater creeping spearwort Renoncule radicante, Renoncule rampante |
Native, CoC: 8, Secure, S5, G5 FACW Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
L. var. ovalis (J.M.Bigelow) L.D.Benson 1753. R. flammula L. misapplied
1824. R. filiformis var. ovalis J.M.Bigelow
1838. R. reptans var. ovalis (J.M.Bigelow) Torr. & A.Gray
1942. R. flammula var. ovalis (J.M.Bigelow) L.D.Benson
1942. R. flammula var. samolifolius (Greene) L.D.Benson |
Wider-leaved creeping spearwort, Lesser spearwort Renoncule ovée |
Native, CoC: 10, Not yet ranked FACW, Herb-forb |
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Cayuga, Jefferson, Livingston, St. Lawrence | NYFA-3-5 USDA-NN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
S.Watson 1808. Ranunculus obtusiusculus Raf. (i)
1878. Ranunculus ambigens S.Watson |
American spearwort
American crowfoot
Water-plantain spearwort
|
Native, CoC: 10, Especially vulnerable, S1-S2, G4 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-4-5 USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies | |
Poir. R. oblongifolius R. pusillus var. angustifolius R. tener |
Low spearwort, Pursh buttercup |
Native, CoC: 10, Likely extirpated, G5 OBL Annual, Herb-forb |
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Nassau, Queens, Richmond, Westchester | NYFA-X USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Flammula (excluded taxa) | Buttercup | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. var. flammula 1753. Ranunculus flammula L. 1840. R. flammula var. angustifolius Wallr. |
Lesser spearwort Renoncule flammette |
N. America native, N.Y. excluded |
excluded | NYFA-Excluded USDA-NN FNA Images Wikispecies | |
(Torr. & A.Gray) Darby 1838. R. flammula var. laxicaulis Torr. & A.Gray 1841. R. laxicaulis (Torr.& A.Gray) Darby 1845. R. texensis Engelm. 1900. R. mississippiensis Small 1942. R. laxicaulis var. mississippiensis (Small) L.D.Benson 1971. R. subcordatus E.O.Beal |
Mississippi buttercup | N. America native, N.Y. excluded OBL Annual, Herb-forb |
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excluded | NYFA-Excluded USDA-N0 ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
Poir. 1951. Ranunculus bonariensis Poir. |
Carter's buttercup | N. America native, N.Y. excluded |
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excluded | NYFA-Excluded USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |
Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Hecatonia[edit | edit source]
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Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus sect. Hecatonia | Buttercup | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Raf. 1818. R. flabellaris Raf.
1818. R. delphiniifolius Torr. ex Eaton
1818. R. delphinifolius Torr. ex Eaton |
Yellow water butter-cup, Yellow water buttercup, Yellow water crowfoot Renoncule à évantails |
Native, CoC: 8, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
L. var. sceleratus 1753. Ranunculus sceleratus L. |
Cursed butter-cup, Cursed buttercup, Cursed crow-foot, Cursed crowsfoot, Blisterwort Renoncule scélérate |
Native, CoC: 3, Unranked OBL Annual, Herb-forb |
NYFA-X USDA-NX Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | ||
Family Papaveraceae[edit | edit source]
The Papaveraceae (poppy family)...
Subfamily Papaveroideae[edit | edit source]
Tribe Papavereae[edit | edit source]
Argemone[edit | edit source]
Argemone (AR-ge-mon-ee)
Argemone | Pricklypoppy | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
ssp. albiflora |
White prickly-poppy, Bluestem prickly-poppy, Texas prickly-poppy |
Introduced, N. America native |
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NYFA-X USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies | |
Mexican prickly-poppy | Introduced, N. America native |
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NYFA-X USDA-NW Images Wikispecies | ||
Papaver[edit | edit source]
Papaver (puh-PAY-ver)
Papaver | Poppy | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. |
Opium poppy, Common poppy |
Introduced | ![]() |
NYFA-X USDA-XW Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
L. |
Common poppy, Corn poppy, Field poppy, Flanders poppy |
Introduced | NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
L. |
Blindeyes, Long-podded poppy, Long-headed poppy |
Introduced, Rare |
NYFA-X USDA-XW Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
L. |
Long pricklyhead poppy, Pale rough-fruited poppy |
Introduced | ![]() |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
Papaver (excluded taxa) | Poppy | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Ball) Coss. 1873. P. rupifragum var. atlanticum 1882. P. atlanticum (Ball) Coss. |
Atlas poppy, Moroccan poppy, Spanish poppy |
Introduced, N.Y. excluded |
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NYFA-Excluded USDA-0 Go Botany IPN Images Wikispecies | |
Boiss. & Hausskn. |
Tulip poppy | Introduced, N.Y. excluded |
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NYFA-Excluded USDA-X0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
L. Papaver orientale L. P. pseudoorientale P. pseudo-orientale |
Oriental poppy | Introduced, N.Y. excluded |
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NYFA-Excluded USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
Tribe Chelidonieae[edit | edit source]
Sanguinaria[edit | edit source]
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Sanguinaria | Bloodroot | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Sanguinaria canadensis L. 1905. S. australis Greene 1905. S. dilleniana Greene 1909. S. canadensis var. rotundifolia |
Bloodroot, Puccoon-root, Red puccoon Sanguinaire du Canada, Sang-dragon |
Native, CoC: 6, Likely secure FACU-UPL Perennial, Herb-forb, Part shade - shade |
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NYFA-4 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
Stylophorum[edit | edit source]
The only New World Stylophorum species is S. diphyllum, Celandine poppy, which is native to the Midwest section of the US. It is cultivated but not known to naturalize in New York. It closely resembles the Old-World Chelidonium majus (greater celandine).
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Stylophorum | Celandine-poppy | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Michx.) Nutt. 1803. Chelidonium diphyllum Michx. 1818. S. diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt. 1825. S. ohiense Spreng. |
Celandine-poppy, Wood-poppy, Mock poppy, Yellow poppy, Yellow wood poppy |
Introduced from Midwest, N. America native, Cultivated only, Not naturalized Perennial, Herb-forb, Part shade - shade |
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NYFA-Xnn USDA- VASCAN-0 ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
Chelidonium[edit | edit source]
Chelidonium majus, Greater Celandine, is widely regarded as a weed in North America and is listed as invasive in some states. It is also poisonous to mammals.
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Chelidonium | Celandine | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Chelidonium majus L. 1821. C. majus var. grandiflorum 1824. C. grandiflorum (DC.) DC. C. majus ssp. grandiflorum |
Greater celandine
Great celandine
Celandine
Nipplewort
Swallowwort
Rock poppy Grande chélidoine
Chélidoine
Chélidoine herbe-aux-verrues
Chélidoine majeure
Éclaire
Grande éclaire
Herbe aux verrues
|
Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Potentially invasive, Naturalized, IPANEIPAUS, eXtension Biennial, Herb-forb |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | ||
Macleaya[edit | edit source]
Plume poppies (genus Macleaya) consist of only a couple Asian species, of which Macleaya cordata is known to have naturalized in New York State.[1]
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Macleaya | Plume poppy | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Willd.) R.Br. 1799. Bocconia cordata Willd.
1826. Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R.Br.
1866. Macleaya yedoensis André
1909. Macleaya cordata var. yedoensis (André) Fedde |
Plume poppy, Plume-poppy, Tree-celandine Macléaya à feuilles cordées |
Introduced from temperate Asia, Highly invasive, NYIS Tier: High-2, Invasive.org: 0, USGS: L48 established, Naturalized, SNA, GNR, NSE: Exotic Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA: 8 counties iNat: 9 counties |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
Glaucium[edit | edit source]
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Glaucium | Hornpoppy | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Crantz 1753. Chelidonium glaucium L. 1763. Glaucium flavum Crantz 1771. G. luteum Scop. 1887. G. corniculatum var. flavum |
Yellow horned-poppy, Yellow horn-poppy, Horned-poppy, Sea-poppy Glaucienne jaune, Glaucie jaune, Glaucière jaune, Pavot cornu, Pavot jaune des sables |
Introduced from Eurasia, n. Africa, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 66%[1] Biennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA-X USDA-XW Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
(L.) Rudolph 1753. Chelidonium corniculatum L. 1781. G. corniculatum (L.) Rudolph 1789. G. corniculatum (L.) Curtis (i) |
Red horned-poppy, Blackspot hornpoppy |
Introduced, Impersistent |
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NYFA-X USDA-X0 Go Botany-0 VASCAN-0 ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies | |
Tribe Eschscholtzieae[edit | edit source]
Eschscholzia[edit | edit source]
Eschscholzia (es-SHOLT-zee-uh) was named in honor of Dr. Johann Friedrich Gustav von Eschscholtz, a 19th-century Estonian surgeon and botanist. Eschscholzia californica (California poppy) is a west coast native that, according to the New York Flora Atlas, although it has been collected since 1824, is not known to naturalize in New York State.
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Eschscholzia | California-poppy | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Cham. ssp. californica 1820. Eschscholzia californica Cham.
1903. Eschscholzia procera Greene |
California poppy | Introduced, N. America native, Uncertain naturalization |
NYFA: 6 counties iNat: 10 counties |
NYFA-X USDA-NX GBIF Go Botany iNaturalist Images Wikispecies | |
Subfamily Fumarioideae[edit | edit source]
Tribe Fumarieae[edit | edit source]
Subtribe Corydalineae[edit | edit source]
Dicentra[edit | edit source]
Dicentra | Bleeding-heart | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Goldie) Walp. 1822. Corydalis canadensis Goldie 1842. Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp. 1892. Bicuculla canadensis (Goldie) Millsp. |
Squirrel-corn, Turkey-corn Dicentre du Canada |
Native, Secure |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
(L.) Bernh. 1753. Fumaria cucullaria L. 1806. Corydalis cucullaria (L.) Pers. 1833. Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh. 1892. Bicuculla cucullaria (L.) Millsp. 1912. Dicentra occidentalis (Rydb.) Fedde |
Dutchman's breeches, Turkey-corn, Dicentre à capuchon |
Native, Secure |
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NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
(Ker Gawl.) Torr. 1815. Fumaria eximia Ker Gawl. 1843. Dicentra eximia (Ker Gawl.) Torr. |
Wild bleeding-heart, Eastern bleeding-heart, Turkey corn, Staggerweed |
Introduced, N. America native |
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NYFA-X USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
(Haw.) Walp. species
species var. variety
species ssp. subsp
species fo. forma |
Westerm bleeding-heart
Pacific bleeding heart
|
Introduced, N. America native |
NYFA-0 USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
Lamprocapnos[edit | edit source]
Lamprocapnos | Bleeding-heart | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Fukuhara 1753. Fumaria spectabilis L. 1831. Diclytra spectabilis (L.) DC. 1847. Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem. 1997. Lamprocapnos spectabilis |
Bleeding-heart, Asian bleeding-heart, Common bleedinghearts |
Introduced from temperate Asia |
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NYFA-X USDA- Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
Adlumia[edit | edit source]
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Adlumia | Adlumia | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | 1 NPT |
(Aiton) Greene ex Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1789. Fumaria fungosa Aiton 1803. Fumaria recta Michx. 1808. Fumaria cirrhosa Raf. 1888. Adlumia fungosa Greene ex BSP 1891. Bicuculla fungosa Kuntze |
Allegheny vine, Climbing fumitory, Mountain-fringe, Woodfringe, Canary vine Adlumie fongueuse |
Native, Likely secure |
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NYFA-4 USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies | |
Capnoides[edit | edit source]
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Capnoides | Harlequin | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Borkh. 1753. Fumaria sempervirens L. 1797. Capnoides sempervirens Borkh. 1806. Corydalis sempervirens Pers. 1813. Corydalis glauca Pursh |
Pink corydalis, Pale corydalis, Rock harlequin, Harlequin-flower |
Native, Likely secure |
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NYFA-4 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies | |
Corydalis[edit | edit source]
Corydalis | Fumewort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Raf.) DC. 1808. Fumaria flavula Raf. 1824. Corydalis flavula (Raf.) DC. 1891. Capnoides flavula (Raf.) Kuntze |
Yellow corydalis, Yellow fumewort |
Native, CoC: 7, Vulnerable |
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NYFA-3 USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
Willd. ssp. aurea |
Golden corydalis, Scrambled eggs |
Native, CoC: 9, Threatened |
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NYFA-2 USDA-NN Images Wikispecies | |
(Thunb.) Pers. |
Purple keman | Introduced, Rare |
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NYFA-X USDA-00 Images Wikispecies | |
(L.) Clairv. 1811. Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv. |
Spring corydalis, Bird-in-a-bush |
Introduced, Naturalized, Invasive.org: [1] |
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NYFA: Dutchess (2015) iNat: 16 counties |
NYFA-Xn USDA-XX GBIF iNaturalist Images Wikispecies |
Corydalis (excluded taxa) | Fumewort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Pers. 1753. Fumaria capnoides L. 1768. Fumaria alba Mill. 1790. Neckeria capnoides (L.) Neck. 1797. Pseudofumaria capnoides (L.) Borkh. 1806. Corydalis capnoides (L.) Pers. 1823. Corydalis gebleri Ledeb. 1831. Corydalis ochroleuca W.D.J.Koch 1841. Capnoides albida Bernh. ex Steud. 1939. Corydalis alba (Mill.) Mansf. 1986. Pseudofumaria alba (Mill.) Lidén |
Pale corydalis | Introduced, N.Y. excluded |
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NYFA-Excluded USDA-EXCLD ARS-GRIN Tropicos IPN Images Wikispecies | |
Subtribe Fumariineae[edit | edit source]
Fumaria[edit | edit source]
Common Fumitory
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Fumaria | Fumitory | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Fumaria officinalis L. |
Common Fumitory, Drug fumitory, Earth smoke, Wax dolls Fumeterre officinal |
Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Naturalized, SNA, G5 |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | ||
Fumaria (excluded taxa) | Fumitory | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Fumaria capreolata L. 1907. Fumaria officinalis var. capreolata (L.) Ewart |
White ramping fumitory, Climbing fumitory |
Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, N.Y. excluded |
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excluded | NYFA-Excluded USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
Lam. |
Fine-leaf fumitory, Small-flower fumitory, Indian fumitory |
Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, N.Y. excluded Annual, Herb-forb |
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excluded | NYFA-Excluded USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
Pseudofumaria[edit | edit source]
Rock fumewort
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Pseudofumaria | Rock fumitory | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Borkh. 1771. Fumaria lutea L. 1790. Capnoides luteum Gaertn. 1797. Pseudofumaria lutea Borkh. 1805. Corydalis lutea DC. |
Rock fumewort, Yellow corydalis, Rock corydalis, Rock fumitory |
Introduced, Not naturalized |
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Chemung, Dutchess, Suffolk | NYFA-X USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |