Flora of New York/Proteales…Saxifragales

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Ranunculales
Flora of New York — Proteales, Buxales, Saxifragales
Vitales, Zygophyllales, Celastrales, Oxalidales
Table of
contents
Genus
index
Protected species index Invasive species index


The order Saxifragales is the basal clade of the superrosids, indicating that Saxifragales is the sister to the rosids.
Clade Order Family Subfamily Tribe Genus Common names #
sister to
rosids
Saxifragales Paeoniaceae Paeonia peony 1
Altingiaceae Liquidambar sweetgum 1
Hamamelidaceae Hamamelidoideae Hamamelideae Hamamelis witchhazel 1
Corylopsideae Corylopsis winterhazel 4
Cercidiphyllaceae Cercidiphyllum katsura tree 1
Crassulaceae Crassuloideae Crassula pygmyweed 1
Sempervivoideae Umbiliceae Rhodiola roseroot stonecrop 2
Hylotelephium stonecrop 3
Phedimus false stonecrop 1
Semperviveae Sempervivum houseleek, hen-and-chickens 1
Sedeae Sedum stonecrop 7
Haloragaceae Myriophylleae Myriophyllum watermilfoil 10
Proserpinaca mermaidweed 2
Penthoraceae Penthorum ditch-stonecrop 1
Grossulariaceae Ribes currant, gooseberry 12
Saxifragaceae Saxifragoideae Saxifrageae Saxifraga saxifrage 5
Heucheroideae Chrysosplenieae Chrysosplenium golden saxifrage 1
Heuchereae Tiarella foamflower 1
Mitella miterwort 3
Heuchera alumroot 2
Astilbe florist's spiraea 1

Order Proteales[edit | edit source]

The order Proteales contains the lotus (Nelumbonaceae) and sycamore (Platanaceae) families, each of which has a single species known to be native or naturalized in New York.

Family Nelumbonaceae[edit | edit source]

The Nelumbonaceae (lotus family) has two species of aquatic plants found in New York.

Nelumbo[edit | edit source]

Nelumbo lutea, Sodus Bay, Homer D. House, State Botanist, 1916
Nelumbo lutea (American lotus) is a North American native that was probably introduced to New York from further south prior to widespread European settlement. Early botanists considered Nelumbo lutea to be native to the area around Sodus Bay, but it may have been cultivated there by Native Americans using plants brought from the South. It is now extirpated from that area, but naturalized pants persist elsewhere in the state.

Nelumbo nucifera (sacred lotus) is from tropical Asia and has been excluded from the New York Flora Atlas. It is likely to be cultivated and would be considered invasive if allowed to naturalize.


Proteales — Nelumbonaceae — Nelumbo
Genus Nelumbo Lotus N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Willd.

1788. Nymphaea pentapetala  Walter (nom. rej.)
1799. Nelumbo pentapetala  Willd (nom. rej.)
1799. Nelumbium luteum  Willd.
1799. Nelumbo lutea  Willd.
1996. Nelumbo nucifera  ssp. lutea  Borsch & Barthlott
American lotus,
Great yellow water-lily,
Water-chinquapin,
Yellow lotus
Introduced,
N. America native,
Rare

NYFA: X

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Genus Nelumbo (excluded taxa) Lotus N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Gaertn.

1753. Nymphaea nelumbo  L.
1788. Nelumbo nucifera  Gaertn.
1799. Nelumbo speciosa  Willd.
1799. Nelumbium speciosum  Willd.
East Indian lotus,
Oriental lotus,
Pink lotus,
Sacred bean,
Sacred lotus
Introduced from
 tropical Asia,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 64%[1],
Excluded[2]

NYFA-Excluded

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  1. New York non-native plant invasiveness assessmentNelumbo nucifera: invasive (64).
  2. Nelumbo nucifera is likely to become invasive if introduced on Long Island.[1]

Family Platanaceae[edit | edit source]

The Platanaceae (sycamore family) is represented in New York by the native American Sycamore and the London plane tree, which is probably a hybrid of the American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) and the Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis) from Eurasia.[1] Although widely planted as a street tree, the London plane tree is not known to naturalize extensively in New York.

Platanus[edit | edit source]

Platanus occidentalis
Sycamore is a common wetland and riparian tree and is among the largest of the eastern deciduous trees. Sycamores are among the fastest-growing trees in the region and reach the largest diameter of any North American hardwood.[1] The New York State Champion sycamore tree was reported in Dutchess County in 2011 at 117 feet tall, with a circumfrence of 27 feet.[2]
Proteales — Platanaceae — Platanus
Genus Platanus Sycamore N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Platanus occidentalis  L.
1901. Platanus glabrata  Fernald
1919. Platanus occidentalis  var. glabrata  Sarg.
1919. Platanus occidentalis  var. attenuata  (Fern.) Sarg.
Eastern sycamore
American sycamore
American plane-tree
Buttonwood tree
Buttonball tree

Platane occidental,
Platane d'Amérique,
Platane d'Occident
Native, CoC: 6,
Secure

FACW-FAC

Perennial,
Tree

NYFA: 5

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Genus Platanus (excluded taxa) Sycamore N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Mill. ex Münchh

Platanus occidentalis ×
Platanus orientalis

1770. Platanus hispanica  Mill. ex Münchh.
1789. Platanus orientalis  var. acerifolia  Aiton
1804. Platanus hybridus  Brot.
1805. Platanus acerifolia  (Aiton) Willd.
1919. Platanus acerifolia  var. hispanica  Bean
London planetree,
Maple-leaved plane-tree,
London sycamore,
Hybrid of
 American sycamore &
 Oriental planetree
Platane à feuilles d'érable,
Hybride de
 platane occidental et de
 platane oriental
Introduced,
N.Y. excluded,
Cultivated only

NYFA-Excluded

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Order Buxales[edit | edit source]

The order Buxales...

Family Buxaceae[edit | edit source]

The Buxaceae (box family)

Subfamily Buxoideae[edit | edit source]

Buxus[edit | edit source]
Buxus sempervirens

Buxales — Buxaceae — Buxoideae — Buxus
Genus Buxus Boxwood N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Buxus sempervirens L.
1785. Buxus myrtifolia Lam.
1947. Buxus colchica Pojark.
1947. Buxus hyrcana Pojark.
Common boxwood,
Common box
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Unknown naturalization,
SNA, GNR

Perennial,
Tree, shrub
Orange (1993),
Queens (1986),
Suffolk
NYFA: X

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Subfamily Pachysandroideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Pachysandreae[edit | edit source]
Pachysandra[edit | edit source]
Pachysandra terminalis - Japanese pachysandra
Japanese pachysandra is widely planted as a ground-cover and tends to persist, spreading vegetatively to adjacent wooded areas, where it can be difficult to remove.
Allegheny pachysandra is planted as a "native" substitute, and is probably unlikely to naturalize as far north as New York State.[1]
  1. New York Metropolitan Flora Project, 02/07/2012 considers reports of naturalized Pachysandra procumbens to have been based on planted specimens.
Buxales — Buxaceae — Pachysandroideae — Pachysandreae — Pachysandra
Genus Pachysandra Pachysandra N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Michx.

1803. Pachysandra procumbens  Michx.
Allegheny pachysandra
Allegheny spurge
Introduced from
 southern US,
US South native,
 NYIS Tier: buffer,
No specimens[1],
SNA

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 0

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 Siebold & Zucc.

1845. Pachysandra terminalis  Siebold & Zucc.
Japanese pachysandra
Japanese spurge
Carpet box
Introduced from
 China & Japan,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS Tier: 3,
iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [2],
WW
8 counties
NYFA: X

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  1. Long Island Botanical Society Newsletter (18:2, Spring 2008) reported "two patches in the uplands of Oakland Lake [Queens]." and "…from North Hempstead Township in Nassau County."

Order Saxifragales[edit | edit source]

The order Saxifragales has about 15 families worldwide. Of these, ten are represented in New York.

Family Paeoniaceae[edit | edit source]

The Paeoniaceae (peony family)...

Paeonia[edit | edit source]

Paeonia lactiflora
Peonies (Paeonia lactiflora) have been widely planted and will persist where planted but are not known to naturalize.
Saxifragales — Paeoniaceae — Paeonia
Genus Paeonia Peony N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Pall.

1776. Paeonia lactiflora  Pall.
1789. Paeonia albiflora  Pall.
1807. Paeonia edulis  Salisb.
1837. Paeonia sinensis  Jacques
1870. Paeonia chinensis  hort. ex E.Vilm.
Chinese peony
Garden peony
Introduced from
 temperate Asia,
Rarely spreads

NYFA: X
iNat
GBIF

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Family Altingiaceae[edit | edit source]

The Altingiaceae (sweetgum family) contains only about fifteen species and its segregation from Hamamelidaceae has only recently been widely accepted. One of its three genera (Semiliquidambar) may comprise intergeneric hybrids of the other two (Altingia and Liquidambar), so revisions within this family may be forthcoming.

Liquidambar[edit | edit source]

Liquidambar styraciflua
Liquidambar styraciflua is the only North American species of Liquidambar, or sweetgum. It is most common in the forests of the southeastern United States, but its native range appears to extend as far north as southeastern New York State. It is cultivated elsewhere in the state and seems to be able to naturalize in some upstate locations.
Saxifragales — Altingiaceae — Liquidambar
Genus Liquidambar Sweet gum N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Liquidambar styraciflua  L.
1796. Liquidambar gummifera  Salisb.
1812. Liquidambar barbata  Stokes
1863. Liquidambar macrophylla  Oerst.
1863. Liquidambar styraciflua  var. mexicana  Oerst.
Sweetgum
American sweetgum
American sweet-gum
Redgum
American storax
Native, CoC: 6,
Secure,
S5, G5

FAC

Perennial,
Tree

NYFA: 5
iNat
GBIF

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Family Hamamelidaceae[edit | edit source]

The Hamamelidaceae...

Subfamily Hamamelidoideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Hamamelideae[edit | edit source]
Hamamelis[edit | edit source]
Hamamelis virginiana
The genus Hamamelis (witch-hazel) contains about five species (three North American and two Asian). Of these, only Hamamelis virginiana (American witch-hazel) is native to New York State.

Hamamelis vernalis (Ozark witch-hazel) is occasionally cultivated, especially in and around New York City, but is not known to naturalize in New York.


Saxifragales — Hamamelidaceae — Hamamelidoideae — Hamamelideae — Hamamelis
Genus Hamamelis Witchhazel N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.

1753. Hamamelis virginiana  L.
1788. Hamamelis androgyna  Walter
1788. Hamamelis dioica  Walter
1814. Hamamelis macrophylla  Pursh
1836. Trilopus virginica  (L.) Raf.
1838. Trilopus virginiana  (L.) Raf.
American witch-hazel,
Common witch-hazel,
Witch-hazel
Café du diable,
Hamémelis de Virginie
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure

NYFA: 5

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Sarg.

1911. Hamamelis vernalis  Sarg.
1920. Hamamelis vernalis  f. tomentella  Rehder
1928. Hamamelis vernalis  f. carnea  Rehder
1932. Hamamelis vernalis  var. tomentella  (Rehder) E.J. Palmer
2007. Hamamelis virginiana  ssp. vernalis  F.G. Meyer
Ozark witchhazel,
Ozark witch-hazel,
Vernal witch-hazel
Introduced from
 Ozark Plateau of Arkansas,
 Missouri, and Oklahoma,
N. America native,
Cultivated,
Not naturalized

Perennial,
Shrub, tree

NYFA: 0
GBIF

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Tribe Corylopsideae[edit | edit source]
Corylopsis[edit | edit source]
Corylopsis pauciflora
There are a number of species of Asian winterhazel (Corylopsis) that are hardy in parts of New York and planted as early-blooming shrubs. None of them have been reported to naturalize in the state, according to the New York Flora Atlas.
Saxifragales — Hamamelidaceae — Hamamelidoideae — Corylopsideae — Corylopsis
Genus Corylopsis Winter hazel N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Hemsl.

1916. Corylopsis sinensis  Hemsl.
1960. Corylopsis sinensis  var. parvifolia   H.T.Chang
Chinese winterhazel Introduced from
 China,
Cultivated,
Not naturalized

NYFA: 0
NYFA: Not listed
iNat
GBIF
Bronx, Kings

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 Siebold & Zucc.

1835. Corylopsis kesakii  Siebold & Zucc.
1836. Corylopsis spicata  Siebold & Zucc.
Spike winterhazel Introduced from
 Asia,
Cultivated,
Not naturalized

NYFA: 0
NYFA: Not listed
iNat
GBIF
Bronx, Kings, Suffolk

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 Franch. & Sav.

1878. Corylopsis glabrescens  Franch. & Sav.
Fragrant winterhazel Introduced from
 Japan,
Cultivated,
Not naturalized

NYFA: 0
NYFA: Not listed
iNat
GBIF
Bronx, Kings

POWO
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 Siebold & Zucc.

1838. Corylopsis pauciflora  Siebold & Zucc.
1930. Corylopsis matsudae  Kaneh. & Sasaki
Buttercup winterhazel Introduced from
 Japan, Korea, Taiwan,
Cultivated,
Not naturalized

NYFA: 0
NYFA: Not listed
iNat
GBIF
Bronx, Kings, Nassau, Westchester

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Tribe Fothergilleae[edit | edit source]
Fothergilla[edit | edit source]
Fothergilla major

Saxifragales — Hamamelidaceae — Hamamelidoideae — Fothergilleae — Fothergilla
Genus Fothergilla Witch-alder N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1774. Fothergilla gardenii  L.
1782. Fothergilla alnifolia  L.f.
1894. Fothergilla carolina  Britton
1903. Fothergilla parvifolia  Kearney
Coastal witch-alder,
Dwarf witchalder
Introduced from
 Georgia, N. & S. South Carolina,
US South native,
No NY reports

Perennial,
Shrub

NYFA: 0
NYFA: Not listed
iNat
0 counties

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 J.F.Mill

1776. Fothergilla latifolia  J.F.Mill.
1776. Fothergilla latifolia  J.S.Muell.
1810. Fothergilla alnifolia  var. major  Sims
1818. Fothergilla major  G.Lodd
1818. Fothergilla major  (Sims) Sweet
1829. Fothergilla major  (Sims) Lodd.
1866. Fothergilla latifolia  Pritz.
1897. Fothergilla monticola  Ashe
Mountain witchalder,
Witch-alder
Introduced from
 Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia,,
 N. & S. Carolina, Tennessee,
US South native,
No NY reports

Perennial,
Shrub

NYFA: 0
GBIF

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Family Cercidiphyllaceae[edit | edit source]

The Cercidiphyllaceae contains only the Asian genus Cercidiphyllum.

Cercidiphyllum[edit | edit source]

Cercidiphyllum japonicum
Cercidiphyllum contains the two Asian species, Cercidiphyllum japonicum and Cercidiphyllum magnificum, the first of which, the katsura-tree has been reported outside of cultivation in Kings, Nassau and Queens Counties.
Saxifragales — Cercidiphyllaceae — Cercidiphyllum
Genus Cercidiphyllum Katsura N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Siebold & Zucc. ex J.J.Hoffm. & J.H.Schult.bis

1846. Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold & Zucc.
1864. Cercidiphyllum japonicum J.J.Hoffm. & J.H.Schult. bis
1913. Cercidiphyllum japonicum  var. sinense  Rehder & E.H.Wilson
Katsura-tree,
Toffee-apple tree
Introduced from
 Japan, China,
Potentially invasive

NYFA: X

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Family Crassulaceae[edit | edit source]

The Crassulaceae (orpine family)...

Subfamily Crassuloideae[edit | edit source]

Crassula[edit | edit source]
Crassula aquatica
Water pigmyweed (Crassula aquatica (L.) Schoenl.) appears in freshwater or brackish tidal marshes of the Lower Hudson Valley and Long Island.[1]
Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Crassuloideae — Crassula
Genus Crassula Pygmyweed N.Y. Status Images Distribution NPT
 (L.) Schoenl.

1753. Tillaea aquatica  L.
1801. Bulliarda aquatica  (L.) DC.
1840. Tillaea angustifolia  Nutt.
1890. Crassula aquatica  (L.) Schoenl.
1903. Tillaeastrum aquaticum  (L.) Britton
1920. Hydrophila aquatica  (L.) House
Water pigmy-weed,
River-leek,
Pigmy-weed
Native,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1],
NYNHP: 1[2]

NYFA: 1

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Subfamily Sempervivoideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Umbiliceae[edit | edit source]
Rhodiola[edit | edit source]
Rhodiola rosea
In New York, Rhodiola consists of two species of endangered plants.

Rhodiola integrifolia ssp. leedyi is an isolated subspecies of a common western cliff-stonecrop species (transferred from Sedum integrifolium in 1999). It has been found mainly on northwest-to-northeast-facing cliffs in southeastern Minnesota and near the southern part of Seneca Lake. It was discovered at Watkins Glen State Park in Schuyler County in 1918. The largest known population (at least 6000 plants) was discovered that same year, along about 2 miles of Glenora Cliff, on the western shore of Seneca Lake, in Yates County. It wasn't until 1994 that a third New York population was found near Glenora Falls, also in Yates County.[1][2]


Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Sempervivoideae — Umbiliceae — Rhodiola
Genus Rhodiola Stonecrop N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Rhodiola rosea  L.
1771. Sedum rosea  (L.) Scop.
1903. Sedum roanense  Britton
1903. Rhodiola roanensis  Britton
1930. Sedum rosea  var. roanense
1973. Rhodiola rosea  ssp. roanensis
Common roseroot,
Roseroot,
Roseroot stonecrop
Native,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1],
NYNHP: 1[2]

NYFA: 1

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 Raf.
 ssp. leedyi (Rosend. & J.W.Moore) H.Ohba

1947. Sedum rosea  var. leedyi  Rosend. & J.W.Moore
1975. Sedum integrifolium  ssp. leedyi  R.T.Clausen
1985. Tolmachevia integrifolia  ssp. leedyi  (Rosend. & J.W.Moore) Á.Löve & D.Löve
1999. Rhodiola integrifolia  ssp. leedyi  (Rosend. & J.W.Moore) H.Ohba
Leedy's roseroot,
Leedy's stonecrop,
Rose sedum
Native,
Endangered,
Federally listed[3],
DEC-A[1],
NYNHP: 1[4]

NYFA: 1

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Genus Rhodiola (excluded taxa) Stonecrop N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Raf.
 ssp. integrifolia

1832. Rhodiola integrifolia  Raf. p.p.
1840. Sedum atropurpureum  Turcz.
1856. Rhodiola atropurpurea  (Turcz.) Trautv. & C. A. Mey.
1930. Sedum rosea  var. integrifolium  (Raf.) A. Berger
1945. Rhodiola rosea  var. frigidum  (Rydb.) Hultén
1975. Sedum integrifolium  ssp. procerum  R.T.Clausen
Ledge stonecrop N. America native
 western N. A.,
N.Y. excluded

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA-Excluded

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Hylotelephium[edit | edit source]
Hylotelephium telephoides
The New York Flora Atlas now lists Hylotelephium telephioides as not-native to New York, but the DEC (and NYFA) still list it as endangered in New York.
Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Sempervivoideae — Umbiliceae — Hylotelephium
Genus Hylotelephium Stonecrop N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Michx.) H.Ohba

1803. Sedum telephioides  Michx
1812. Anacampseros telephioides  (Michx.) Haw.
1977. Hylotelephium telephioides  (Michx.) H.Ohba
American live-forever,
Allegheny stonecrop,
Live forever
Introduced from
 southern U.S.,
N. America native,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1]

NYFA: Z

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 (L.) H.Ohba.
 ssp. telephium

1753. Sedum telephium  L.
1821. Sedum triphyllum  (Haw.) Gray
1843. Sedum purpurascens  W.D.J.Koch
1878. Sedum telephium  var. borderi  Mast.
1909. Sedum telephium  ssp. purpurascens  (Schult.) Schinz & Keller
1961. Sedum telephium  var. purpurascens  (W.D.J. Koch) Webb (i)
1977. Hylotelephium telephium  (L.) H.Ohba.
Eurasian live-forever,
Garden stonecrop,
Witch's moneybags,
Purple orpine,
Sedum,
Live forever
Vit-toujours
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Naturalized

NYFA: X

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 (Miq.) H.Ohba

Garden stonecrop,
Garden orpine
Introduced,
Naturalization unknown

NYFA: X

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Genus Hylotelephium (excluded taxa) Stonecrop N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Poit.) H.Ohba

1838. Sedum sieboldii Poit.
1977. Hylotelephium sieboldii (Poit.) H.Ohba
Stonecrop,
October Daphne
Introduced,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

USDA-EXCLD
POWO
Images
Wikispecies
 (Boreau) H.Ohba

Showy stonecrop,
Iceplant
Introduced,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
Phedimus[edit | edit source]
Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Sempervivoideae — Umbiliceae — Phedimus
Genus Phedimus Phedimus N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (M.Bieb.) 't Hart

1808. Sedum spurium  M.Bieb.
1815. Sedum oppositifolium  Sims
1984. Asterosedum spurium  Grulich
1985. Spathulata spuria  Á.Löve & D.Löve
1995. Phedimus spurius  't Hart
Caucasian stonecrop,
Two-rowed stonecrop
Introduced from
 temperate Asia,
Naturalized

NYFA: X

USDA-XX
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Genus Phedimus (excluded taxa) Phedimus N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(J.F.Gmel.) 't Hart

1774. Sedum stoloniferum  J.F.Gmel.
1995. Phedimus stolonifer  (J.F.Gmel.) 't Hart
Running false stonecrop,
Stolon stonecrop
Introduced from
 northern Iran,
 eastern Turkey,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

USDA-X0
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ITIS
Tropicos
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Wikispecies
Tribe Semperviveae[edit | edit source]
Sempervivum[edit | edit source]
Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Sempervivoideae — Semperviveae — Sempervivum
Genus Sempervivum Houseleek N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Sempervivum tectorum L.
Common houseleek,
Hen-and-chickens,
Hen-and-chicks
Joubarbe des toits
Introduced,
N.Y. excluded

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: Xx

USDA-XX
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Tribe Sedeae[edit | edit source]
Sedum[edit | edit source]
Sedum ternatum

Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Sempervivoideae — Sedeae — Sedum
Genus Sedum Stonecrop N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Michx.

1803.  Sedum ternatum  Michx. in…
1809.  Sedum portulacoides  Willd. in…
1811.  Sedum deficiens  Donn in…
1812.  Anacampseros ternata  (Michx.) Haw. in…
1813.  Sedum americanum  Banks ex Pursh in…
1828.  Sedum octogonum  DC. in…
1921.  Sedum ternatum  var. minus  Praeger  in…
1985.  Clausenellia ternata  (Michx.) Á.Löve & D.Löve in…
Wood stonecrop,
Woodland stonecrop
Introduced,
US South native,
NY nativity unknown,
SNR, G5

Perennial,
Herb

NYFA: X

USDA-NX
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NatureServe
BONAP
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 L.

Gold-moss,
Goldmoss stonecrop
Introduced

NYFA: X

USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
 L.

White stonecrop Introduced

NYFA: X

USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
 L.

Spanish stonecrop Introduced

NYFA: X

USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
 Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

Orange stonecrop Introduced

NYFA: X

USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
 L.

    Petrosedum reflexum (L.) Grulich
    Sedum reflexum L.
Jenny's stonecrop,
Reflexed stonecrop
Introduced

NYFA: X

USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
 Bunge

Stringy stonecrop Introduced

NYFA: X

USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
 Chaix

Sedum anopetalum DC.
European stonecrop Introduced,
No specimens

NYFA: X

USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies

Family Haloragaceae[edit | edit source]

The Haloragaceae (watermilfoil family)...

Tribe Myriophylleae[edit | edit source]

Proserpinaca[edit | edit source]
Proserpinaca palustris
The three or four Proserpinaca (mermaid-weed) species are native to eastern North America.
Saxifragales — Haloragaceae — Myriophylleae — Proserpinaca
Genus Proserpinaca Mermaidweed N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 var. palustris

1753. Proserpinaca palustris  L.
1788. Trixis palustris  Gaertn.
1905. Proserpinaca palustris  var. palustis
1935. Proserpinaca palustris  var. crebra  Fernald & Griscom
Coastal marsh mermaid weed
Marsh mermaidweed
Native,
Unranked

NYFA: 1?

USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
 Lam.

Comb-leaved mermaid-weed Native,
Threatened

NYFA: 2

USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
Myriophyllum[edit | edit source]
The subgeneric system used here for Myriophyllum is based on Michael L. Moody and Donald H. Les (2010). "Systematics of the Aquatic Angiosperm Genus Myriophyllum (Haloragaceae)." Systematic Botany, Vol. 35, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 2010), pp. 121-139.

The three Myriophyllum species M. spicatum, M. heterophyllum, and M. aquaticum are listed as invasive in New York State.


Myriophyllum subg. Brachytheca[edit | edit source]
Myriophyllum heterophyllum
Although Myriophyllum heterophyllum (variable-leaved water milfoil) is listed as native to New York, in is also listed as very highly invasive and prohibited by state regulations.
Saxifragales — Haloragaceae — Myriophylleae — Myriophyllum subg. Brachytheca
Genus Myriophyllumsubg. Brachythecasect. Tessaronia Water-milfoil N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Michx.

1803. Myriophyllum heterophyllum  Michx.
Various-leaved water milfoil,
Variable-leaved water-milfoil,
Two-leaf water-milfoil,
Broad-leaved water-milfoil,
Changeleaf parrotfeather
Introduced,
Very highly invasive,
 NYIS: 93.62[1],
also Native,
Prohibited,
NYIS Tier 4,
S5, G5

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5

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 (Raf.) Morong

Low water-milfoil Native, CoC: 8,
Secure

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5

USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
 Bigel.

Slender water-milfoil Native, CoC: 10,
Likely secure

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 4

USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
 Morong

Farwell's water-milfoil Native, CoC: 4,
Threatened

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 2

USDA-NN
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Wikispecies
 (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.

Cutleaf watermilfoil,
Cut-leaved water-milfoil,
Green parrotfeather
Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 1

USDA-NN
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Myriophyllumsubg. Brachythecasect. Tessaronia (excluded taxa) Water-milfoil N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray

1840. Myriophyllum hippuroides Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray
Western watermilfoil N. America native
 western N. Am.,
N.Y. excluded

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA-Excluded

Images
Wikispecies
Myriophyllum subg. Myriophyllum[edit | edit source]
Myriophyllum alterniflorum

Saxifragales — Haloragaceae — Myriophylleae — Myriophyllum subg. Myriophyllum
Genus Myriophyllumsubg. Myriophyllumsect. Myriophyllum Water-milfoil N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Kom.

1914. Myriophyllum sibiricum Kom.
Northern water-milfoil,
Shortspike watermilfoil
Native,
Secure

NYFA: 5

USDA-NN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies
 L.

Whorled water-milfoil Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4

USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
 DC.

Alternate-flowered water-milfoil
Alternateflower watermilfoil
Alternate water-milfoil
Native, CoC: 10,
Threatened,
S2, G5,
NYNHP: 2[1]

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA: 6 counties

iNat: St. Lawrence
NYFA: 2
iNat

USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
 L.

1753. Myriophyllum spicatum L.
Eurasian water milfoil
Eurasian water-milfoil
Eurasian watermilfoil
Spike water-milfoil
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Very highly invasive,
 NYIS: 94%[2],
NYS Tier 4,
Naturalized,
SNA, GNR

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA: 30 counties
NYFA: X
iNat

USDA-XX
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Genus Myriophyllumsubg. Myriophyllumsect. Pectinatum Water-milfoil N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Vell.) Verdc.

1829. Enydria aquatica Vell.
1830. Myriophyllum brasiliense Cambess.
1973. Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.
Parrot’s feather
Parrot-feather
Parrot feather watermilfoil
Water-feather
Brazilian water-milfoil
Thread-of-life
Introduced from
 South America,
Highly invasive,
NYS Tier 2,
SNA, GNR

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA: 3 counties
iNat: 2 counties
NYFA: X

USDA-XX
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Images
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Family Penthoraceae[edit | edit source]

The Penthoraceae Rydb. ex Britton, nom. cons.[1]

Penthorum[edit | edit source]

Penthorum sedoides
ditch stonecrop
Penthorm contains the Asian species Penthorum chinense and North American species Penthorum sedoides or ditch stonecrop.
  1. Flora of North America, Vol. 8 Page 44, 148, 230: Penthoraceae Rydberg ex Britton "Cronquist (1981) considered it to be transitional between Crassulaceae and Saxifragaceae. … Molecular studies suggest that the genus is sister to Haloragaceae. … Recent authors often have placed it in the monogeneric Penthoraceae."
Saxifragales — Penthoraceae — Penthorum
Genus Penthorum Penthorum N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

Ditch-stonecrop,
Virginia stonecrop,
Virginia penthorum
Penthorum faux-orpin
Native, CoC: 4,
Secure

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5

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Family Grossulariaceae[edit | edit source]

The Grossulariaceae (gooseberry family)...

Ribes[edit | edit source]

Ribes can be grouped into the currants, which are generally thornless with small berries, and the gooseberries, which generally have thorns and larger berries.
Ribes subg. Ribes[edit | edit source]

Subgenus Ribes contains the currants.

Saxifragales — Grossulariaceae — Ribes subg. Ribes
Genus Ribessubg. Ribes Currant N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Mill.

1768.  Ribes americanum  Mill.
1915.  Coreosma americana  (Mill.) Nieuwl.
Wild black currant,
American black currant,
Blank currant
Groseillier d'Amérique,
Gadellier d’Amérique
Native, CoC: 6,
Secure

FACW

Perennial,
Shrub

NYFA: 5

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 Grauer

1784. Ribes glandulosum  Grauer
1785. Ribes prostratum  L'Hér.
1813. Ribes resinosum  Pursh
Skunk currant,
Wild currant
Gadellier glanduleux
Native, CoC: 8,
Secure

FACW

Perennial,
Shrub

NYFA: 5

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 Pall.

1797. Ribes triste Pall.
1856. Ribes rubrum  var. propinquum
1907. Ribes triste  var. albinervium
1966. Ribes rubrum  var. alaskanum
Red currant,
Swamp red currant,
Wild red currant
Gadellier amer
Native, CoC: 8,
Secure

OBL

Perennial,
Shrub

NYFA: 5

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 Pursh
 var. villosum DC.

1825. Ribes odoratum  H.L.Wendl.
1828. Ribes aureum  DC.
Buffalo currant,
Clove currant,
Golden currant,
Missouri currant
Groseillier doré
Introduced,
N. America native

FACU-FACW

Perennial,
Shrub

NYFA: X

USDA-NX
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 L.

1753. Ribes rubrum  L.
1789. Ribes vulgare  Lam.
1826. Ribes sylvestre  Mert. & W.D.J.Koch
1865. Ribes sativum  (Rchb.) Syme
Northern red currant,
Red garden currant,
Cultivated currant
Groseillier rouge
Introduced from
 Europe,
Naturalized

NYFA: X

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 L.

1753. Ribes nigrum L.
1929. Ribes cyathiforme Pojark.
Black currant,
European black currant,
Garden black currant
Gadellier noir,
Groseillier noir,
Cassis, Cassissier
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Unk naturalization

NYFA: X

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Ribes subg. Grossularia[edit | edit source]

Subgenus Grossularia contains the gooseberries.

Saxifragales — Grossulariaceae — Ribes subg. Grossularia
Genus Ribessubg. Grossularia Gooseberry N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L. 1753

1768. Grossularia cynosbati (L.) Mill.
1901. Ribes huronense Rydb.
Prickly gooseberry,
Eastern prickly gooseberry,
American gooseberry,
Dogbramble,
Pasture gooseberry
Groseillier des chiens
Native, CoC: 6,
Secure

FACU

Perennial,
Shrub,
Sun-shade

NYFA: 5

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 Michx. 1803

1838. Grossularia hirtella (Michx.) Spach
Smooth gooseberry,
Wild gooseberry,
Hairystem gooseberry,
Wedge-leaf gooseberry
Groseillier hérissé
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure

FACW

NYFA: 5

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 Michx. 1803

1908. Grossularia rotundifolia Coville & Britton
Appalachian gooseberry,
Wild gooseberry
Native, CoC: 8,
Secure

UPL

NYFA: 5

USDA-N0
ARS-GRIN
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Images
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 L.
var. sativum DC.

1753. Ribes grossularia L.
1753. Ribes reclinatum L.
1768. Grossularia reclinata (L.) Mill.
    Ribes uva-crispa DC.
1830. Ribes uva-crispa Rchb.
European gooseberry,
English gooseberry
Groseillier épineux,
Groseillier deshaies,
Groseillier vert
Introduced,
Eurasia native,
N. Africa native

NYFA: X

USDA-XX
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Ribes subg. Grossularioides[edit | edit source]
Saxifragales — Grossulariaceae — Ribes subg. Grossularioides
Genus Ribessubg. Grossularioides Currant / Gooseberry N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Pers.) Poir. 1812

1805. Ribes oxycanthoidesin…
1876. Ribes lacustrein…
1917. Limnobotrya lacustris (Pers.) Rydb.
Bristly black currant,
Bristly black gooseberry,
Prickly currant,
Swamp gooseberry
Gadellier lacustre
Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4

USDA-NN
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Itea[edit | edit source]

Virginia sweetspire is a native of the southeaster U.S., cultivars of which are known to be planted in New York. No reports of naturalization in New York have been found.
Saxifragales — Grossulariaceae — Itea
Genus Itea sweetspire N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Itea virginica L.
Virginia sweetspire,
Tassel-white,
Virginia-tea,
Virginia-willow
Introduced from
 US South,
Cultivated

Perennial,
Shrub

NYFA: 0

USDA-N0
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Family Saxifragaceae[edit | edit source]

The Saxifragaceae (family)...

Subfamily Saxifragoideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Saxifrageae[edit | edit source]
Micranthes[edit | edit source]
Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Saxifragoideae — Saxifrageae — Micranthes
Genus Micranthes Saxifrage N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Michx.) Small

1803. Saxifraga virginiensis Michx.
1847. S. virginiensis
1903. Micranthes virginiensis Small
1982. Spatularia virginiensis Á.& D.Löve
Virginia saxifrage,
Early saxifrage
Saxifrage de Virginie
Native,
Secure

FACU-FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5

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 L. (Haw.)

1753. Saxifraga pensylvanica  L.
1821. Micranthes pensylvanica  (L.) Haw.
1870. Saxifraga forbesii  Vasey
1923. Saxifraga purpuripetala  A.M.Johnson
1925. Micranthes pensylvanica  f. purpuripetala  (A.M.Johnson) House
1928. Micranthes pensylvanica  var. purpuripetala  (A.M.Johnson) Bush
Eastern swamp saxifrage,
Swamp saxifrage,
Marsh saxifrage,
Pennsylvania saxifrage
Saxifrage de Pennsylvanie
Native,
Likely secure

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 4-5

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Saxifraga[edit | edit source]
Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Saxifragoideae — Saxifrageae — Saxifraga
Genus Saxifraga Saxifrage N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Saxifraga aizoides  L.
1821. Leptasea aizoides  (L.) Haw.
1836. Evaiezoa aizoides  (L.) Raf.
1898. Saxifraga vanbruntiae Small
1905. Leptasea vanbruntiae  Small
Yellow mountain saxifrage,
Evergreen saxifrage,
Golden saxifrage
Saxifrage jaune,
Saxifrage faux-aïzoon,
Saxifrage jaune des montagnes
Native,
Threatened

NYFA: 2

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 ssp. oppositifolia

Purple mountain saxifrage Native,
Endangered

NYFA: 1

USDA-NN
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 Mill.
 ssp. paniculata

1768. Saxifraga paniculata  Mill.
1778. Saxifraga aizoon  Jacq.
1944. Saxifraga aizoon  var. neogaea  Butters
1968. Saxifraga paniculata  ssp. neogaea  (Butters) D.Löve
1982. Chondrosea paniculata (Mill.) Á.Löve
White mountain saxifrage Native,
Endangered

NYFA: 1

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Subfamily Heucheroideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Chrysosplenieae[edit | edit source]
Chrysosplenium[edit | edit source]
Chrysosplenium americanum

Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Heucheroideae — Chrysosplenieae — Chrysosplenium
Genus Chrysosplenium Golden saxifrage N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Schwein. ex Hook.

1832.  Chrysosplenium americanum  Schwein. ex Hook. in…
American golden saxifrage
American golden carpet
American watermat
Golden carpet
Water carpet
Water-carpet
Water-mat

Dorine d’Amérique
Native, CoC: 8,
Likely secure,
S4, G5

OBL

Perennial,
Herb,
2n = 18, 24.

NYFA: 4
NYFA: ? counties
iNat
GBIF
52 counties

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POWO
FSUS
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Tribe Heuchereae[edit | edit source]
Tiarella[edit | edit source]
Tiarella cordifolia L.
heartleaf foamflower
Most New York populations of Tiarella cordifolia s.l. are likely to be Tiarella stolonifera Nesom.[1]
Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Heucheroideae — Heuchereae — Tiarella
Genus Tiarella Foamflower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 G.L.Nesom

1753. Tiarella cordifolia L.
1903. Tiarella macrophylla Small
1937. Tiarella wherryi Lakela
1937. Tiarella cordifolia  var. austrina  Lakela
1940. Tiarella cordifolia  var. collina  Wherry
Foamflower,
Heartleaf foamflower,
Heart-leaved foam-flower,
False mitrewort,
Coolwort
Tiarelle cordifoliée,
Tiarelle à feuilles cordées,
Tiarelle feuille-en-coeur,
Tiarelle
Native,
Secure

NYFA: 5

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Mitella[edit | edit source]
Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Heucheroideae — Heuchereae — Mitella
Genus Mitella Miterwort,
bishop's cap
N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT

Two-leaved bishop's-cap,
Two-leaved miterwort,
Coolwort
Native,
Secure

NYFA: 5

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 L.

Mitella prostrata Michx.
Naked bishop's-cap,
Naked miterwort,
Creeping bishop's cap
Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4

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Mitella diphylla ×
Mitella nuda

Miterwort,
Bishop's-cap
Native,
Especially vulnerable

NYFA: 1?

USDA-N0
Images
Wikispecies
Heuchera[edit | edit source]
Heuchera americana
Alumroot
Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Heucheroideae — Heuchereae — Heuchera
Genus Heuchera Alumroot N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 var. americana

1753. Heuchera americana  L.
American alumroot
Heuchère d'Amérique
Native,
Vulnerable
Bronx, Dutchess, Kings, Nassau, Orange, Putnam, Queens, Richmond, Rockland, Ulster, Washington, Westchester
NYFA: 3

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 Michx.
 var. villosa

1803. Heuchera villosa  Michx.
Hairy alumroot Introduced,
N. America native
Rensselaer
NYFA: X

USDA-N0
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Astilbe[edit | edit source]
Astilbe japonica
False-goat's-beard
Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Heucheroideae — Heuchereae — Astilbe
Genus Astilbe False-goat's-beard N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (C.Morren & Decne.) A.Gray

Florist's-spiraea Introduced,
Not naturalized

Perennial,
Herb-forb
Columbia, Dutchess, Madison, Warren
NYFA: X

USDA-X0
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies

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