Flora of New York/Dioscoreales & Liliales

← Acorales & Alismatales	Flora of New York — Dioscoreales & Liliales				→ Asparagales (1) Orchidaceae & Hypoxidaceae
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Dioscoreales	Nartheciaceae	—	—	Aletris (colic root)	1	1
Dioscoreales	Dioscoreaceae	Dioscoreoideae	—	Dioscorea (yam)	1	2
Liliales	Colchicaceae	—	Uvularieae	Uvularia (bellwort)	1	4
	Colchicaceae	—	Colchiceae	Colchium (autumn crocus)	1	1
	Melanthiaceae	—	Melanthieae	Veratrum (false hellebore) Anticlea (death camas) Amianthium (fly poison) Stenanthium (featherbells)	4	6
			Heloniadeae	Helonias (swamp pink)	1	1
			Chionographideae	Chamaelirium (fairywand, devil's bit)	1	1
			Parideae	Trillium (trillium, wake-robin)	1	8
	Smilacaceae	—	—	Smilax (greenbrier)	1	7
	Liliaceae	Calochortoideae	—	Streptopus (twisted stalk) Prosartes (fairy bells)	2	4
		Medeoloideae	—	Clintonia (bluebead) Medeola (Indian cucumber)	2	3
		Lilioideae	Tulipeae	Tulipa (wild tulip)	1	1
		Lilioideae	Lilieae	Erythronium (trout lily) Lilium (lily)	2	8

Order Dioscoreales[edit]

The order Dioscoreales contains only a few taxa that are native or naturalized in New York.^[1]

Family Nartheciaceae[edit]

The Nartheciaceae Fr. ex Bjurzon has also been placed in the order Nartheciales Reveal & Zomlefer, Novon 8: 176. 15 Jul 1998. It contains a single species that is native to New York.^[2]

Genus Aletris[edit]

fam. Nartheciaceae – genus Aletris
Aletris	Colic root	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Aletris farinosa L. 1753. Aletris farinosa L.	Unicorn root, White colicroot, White stargrass, Mealy stargrass, White-tubed colicroot, Ague-root, crow-corn Alétris farineux	Native, Threatened, DEC-B^[3] WL: FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-2 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
↑ P. F. Stevens, (2001 onwards). "Dioscoreales," Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13, September 28, 2013 (and more or less continuously updated since}. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/Dioscorealesweb.htm#Dioscoreales. ↑ Nartheciaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened.

Family Dioscoreaceae[edit]

The Dioscoreaceae (yam family).^[1]

Genus Dioscorea[edit]

fam. Dioscoreaceae – subfam. Dioscoreoideae – genus Dioscorea
Dioscorea	Yam	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2
Dioscorea villosa	Yellow yam, Wild yam, Yam root, Colic root	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-N Images, wsp
Dioscorea polystachya Turcz. auct. Dioscorea oppositifolia non L. 1837. Dioscorea polystachya Turcz. 1854. Dioscorea batatas Decne.	Chinese yam, Cinnamon vine, Air potato	Introduced, Highly invasive, NYIS: 78%^[2]			NYFA-X USDA-X NEW Images, wsp
↑ Dioscoreaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Dioscorea polystachya: High (78).

Order Liliales[edit]

The Liliales...^[1]

Family Melanthiaceae[edit]

The Melanthiaceae.^[2]

Tribe Melanthieae[edit]

Genus Veratrum[edit]

fam. Melanthiaceae – tribe Melanthieae – genus Veratrum
Veratrum	False hellebore	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	3
Veratrum viride Aiton var. viride 1789. Veratrum viride Aiton	American false-hellebore, Green false-hellebore, Indian poke, American white-hellebore Vérâtre vert, Hellébore blanc, Tabac du diable	Native, Secure WL: FACW Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS FNA BNA Images, wsp
Veratrum virginicum (L.) W.T.Aiton 1753. Melanthium virginicum L. 1813. Veratrum virginicum W.T.Aiton 1898. Melanthium dispersum Small	Virginia bunchflower	Native, Endangered, No recent reports, DEC: Not listed WL: FACW Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-Z USDA-N0 ARS FNA Images, wsp
Veratrum hybridum (Walter) Zimmerman, James Hall ex Zomlefer 1788. Melanthium hybridum Walter 1797. Melanthium latifolium Desr. 1803. Melanthium racemosum Michx. 1826. Leimanthium hybridum Sweet 1843. Zigadenus hybridus Endl. ex Kunth 1997. Veratrum latifolium Zomlefer 2012. Veratrum hybridum Zimmerman, James Hall ex Zomlefer	Crisped bunchflower, Slender bunchflower	Native, Extirpated WL: FACU Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-Z USDA-N0 NEW ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
↑ P. F. Stevens, (2001 onwards). "Liliales," Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13, September 28, 2013 (and more or less continuously updated since}. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/Lilialesweb.htm#Liliales. ↑ Melanthiaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Genus Anticlea[edit]

fam. Melanthiaceae – tribe Melanthieae – genus Anticlea
Anticlea Michx.	Death camas	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Anticlea elegans (Pursh) Rydb. 1814. Zigadenus elegans Pursh 1903. Anticlea elegans (Pursh) Rydb. 1903. Anticlea chlorantha (Richardson) Rydb.	Mountain deathcamas, Mountain death camas, White camas Zigadène élégant				NYFA-0 USDA-NN NEW Can FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Anticlea elegans var. glaucus (Nutt.) Zomlefer & Judd 1834. Zigadenus glaucus Nutt. 1843. Anticlea glauca Kunth 1973. Zigadenus elegans ssp. glaucus Hultén 1991. Zigadenus elegans var. glaucus Preece ex Cronquist 2009. Zigadenus elegans var. glaucus Zomlefer & Judd 2010. Zigadenus elegans ssp. glaucus A.Haines	Glaucous death camas, Smooth camas Zigadène glauque	Native, Threatened WL: FACW			NYFA-2 USDA-NN NEW Can FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Genus Amianthium[edit]

fam. Melanthiaceae – tribe Melanthieae – genus Amianthium
Amianthium	Fly poison	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Amianthium muscitoxicum (Walter) A.Gray	Fly-poison	Native, Likely extirpated			NYFA-Z USDA-N0 FNA Images, wsp

Genus Stenanthium[edit]

fam. Melanthiaceae – tribe Melanthieae – genus Stenanthium
Stenanthium	Featherbells	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Stenanthium leimanthoides (A.Gray) Zomlefer & Judd 1856. Zigadenus leimanthoides A.Gray 1903. Oceanorus leimanthoides Small 2002. Stenanthium leimanthoides (A.Gray) Zomlefer & Judd	Death-camas, Pine barren deathcamas	Native, Extirpated			NYFA-Z USDA-N ITIS Images, wsp

Tribe Heloniadeae[edit]

Genus Helonias[edit]

Swamp-pink is considered to be extirpated from Staten Island, the only location in New York where it is thought to be native. However it is occasionally found in natural areas where it appears to have been planted.

fam. Melanthiaceae – tribe Heloniadeae – genus Helonias
Helonias	Helonias	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Helonias bullata L. 1753. Helonias bullata L.	Swamp pink	Native, Extirpated WL: OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-Z USDA-N0 Images, wsp

Tribe Chionographideae[edit]

Genus Chamaelirium[edit]

fam. Melanthiaceae – tribe Chionographideae – genus Chamaelirium
Chamaelirium	Chamaelirium	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Chamaelirium luteum (L.) A.Gray (1848)	Blazing-star, Devil's-bit, Fairy-wand, Rattlesnake-root	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1-2 Images, wsp

Tribe Parideae[edit]

Genus Trillium[edit]

fam. Melanthiaceae – tribe Parideae – genus Trillium
Trillium	Trillium	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	8
Trillium erectum L. 1753. Trillium erectum L. 1803. T. rhomboideum Michx. superfl. 1803. T. rhomboideum var. album 1814. T. erectum var. erectum 1814. T. erectum var. album 1817. T. purpureum Kin in Elliott 1903. T. album (Michx.) Small	Red trillium, Wake robin, Red wakerobin, Stinking Benjamin, Stinking Willie, Birthwort Trille rouge, Trille dressé	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Trillium grandiflorum	Large-flowered trillium, White trillium, Great white trillium, White wake-robin	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Trillium undulatum Willd. (1801) T. erythrocarpum Michx.	Painted lady, Painted trillium	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ITIS FNA NSE BNA Images, wsp
Trillium cernuum L. (1753)	Nodding trillium, Whip-poor-will flower	Native, Vulnerable			NYFA-3? USDA-NN FNA NSE BNA Images, wsp
Trillium flexipes Raf. (1840)	Bent trillium, Declined trillium, Nodding trillium, Nodding wakerobin	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NSE BNA Images, wsp
Trillium sessile L. (1753)	Sessile trillium, Toad trillium, Toadshade	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-N0 NSE BNA Images, wsp
Trillium viride Beck (1826)	Green trillium, Wood trillium, Wood wakerobin	Native, Unranked			NYFA-U USDA-N0 FNA NSE BNA Images, wsp
Trillium luteum (Muhl.) Harb. (1901) T. sessile var. luteum T. veride var. luteum	Yellow wakerobin, Yellow trillium, Yellow toadshade, Wax trillium	Introduced, US South native			NYFA-0 USDA-NX NSE BNA Images, wsp

Family Colchicaceae[edit]

The Colchicaceae.^[1]

Tribe Uvularieae[edit]

Genus Uvularia[edit]

Uvularia, or bellwort, is a North American plant genus with five species, all of which grow wild in New York except for Florida bellwort (U. floridana). However, most of New York State is outside the range of U. puberula, pine-barren bellwort, which only occurs in a few locations (or possibly just one) on Long Island, and is considered endangered in the state.

fam. Colchicaceae – tribe Uvularieae – genus Uvularia
Uvularia	Bellwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	4
Uvularia sessilifolia L. 1753. Uvularia sessilifolia L. 1879. Oakesia sessilifolia (L.) S.Watson 1903. Oakesiella sessilifolia (L.) Small	Sessile-leaved bellwort, Sessileleaf bellwort, Straw-lily, Wild-oats Uvulaire à feuilles sessiles, Uvulaire petites-fleurs	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Uvularia grandiflora Sm. 1804. Uvularia grandiflora Sm.	Largeflower bellwort, Large-flowered bellwort, Yellow bellwort Uvulaire à grandes fleurs, Uvulaire grandes-fleurs, Uvulaire grandiflore	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW ARS FNA Trop. NSE BNA IPN Images, wsp
Uvularia perfoliata L. 1753. Uvularia perfoliata L.	Perfoliate bellwort, Straw-bell Uvulaire perfoliée	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Uvularia puberula Michx. 1803. Uvularia puberula Michx. 1879. Oakesia puberula (Michx.) S.Watson 1903. Oakesiella puberula (Michx.) Small 1939. Uvularia pudica (Walter) Fernald	Pine-barren bellwort, Mountain bellwort	Native, Endangered, DEC-A^[2], NYNHP: 1^[3]			NYFA-1 USDA-N0 NEW-0 FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
↑ Colchicaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2013. Online Conservation Guide for Uvularia puberula. Endangered, S1/G5.

Tribe Colchiceae[edit]

Genus Colchicum[edit]

fam. Colchicaceae – tribe Colchiceae – genus Colchicum
Colchicum	Colchicum	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Colchicum autumnale L. Colchicum autumnale L.	Autumn crocus, Common autumn-crocus, Meadow-saffron	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-X0 ITIS Images, wsp

Family Smilacaceae[edit]

Members he Smilacaceae (greenbrier or catbrier family) have leaves that are not typical of most motocots, in that their veins are reticulate (net-like) between major veins.^[1]

Genus Smilax[edit]

fam. Smilacaceae – genus Smilax
Smilax	Greenbrier	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	7
Smilax herbacea L. 1753. Smilax herbacea L. 1850. Coprosmanthus herbaceous (L.) Kunth 1903. Nemexia herbacea (L.) Small	Carrion-flower, Jacob’s-ladder, Smooth carrionflower, Smooth herbaceous greenbrier Smilax herbacé	Native, Secure, CoC: 5 WL: FAC Perennial, Herb-vine			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Smilax tamnoides L. 1753. Smilax tamnoides L. 1840. Smilax hispida Raf. 1843. S. hispida Muhl. ex Torr. (i) 1843. S. grandifolia Buckley 1936. S. regelii Killip & C.V. Morton	Bristly greenbrier, China-root, Hispid greenbriar, Halberdleaf greenbriar Smilax hispide	Native, Secure, CoC: 6 WL: FAC Perennial, Herb-vine			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Smilax rotundifolia L. 1753. Smilax rotundifolia L. 1753. Smilax caduca L. 1806. S. quadrangularis 1847. S. rotundifolia var. quadrangularis	Roundleaf greenbrier, Common greenbrier, Common catbrier, Horse-brier, Bull-brier Smilax à feuilles rondes	Native, Secure, CoC: 4 Perennial, Vine			NYFA-5 NEW Can FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Smilax glauca Walter 1788. Smilax glauca Walter 1918. Smilax glauca var. leurophylla	White-leaved greenbrier, Glaucous-leaved greenbrier, Wild sarsaparilla, Sawbrier, Catbrier, Cat greenbrier	Native, Secure, CoC: 6 Perennial, Vine			NYFA-5 USDA-N0 NEW ARS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Smilax pseudochina L. 1753. Smilax pseudo china L. 1788. S. inermis Walter 1803. S. tamnifolia Michx. 1850. Coprosmanthus tamnifolius (i) 1903. Nemexia tamnifolia Small (i) 1916. S. leptanthera Pennell	Coastal carrion-flower, Bamboo vine, False China-root	Native, Endangered, CoC: 10, NYNHP: 1^[2] WL: FAC Perennial, Herb-vine			NYFA-1 USDA-N0 NEW-0 FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Smilax pulverulenta Michx. 1803. Smilax pulverulenta Michx. 1856. S. herbacea var. pulverulenta	Powdery carrion-flower, Downy carrion-flower, Jacob's-ladder	Native, Endangered, CoC: 10, NYNHP: 1^[3] WL: FACU Perennial, Herb-vine			NYFA-1 USDA-N0 NEW-0 FNA BNA Images, wsp
Smilax lasioneura Hook. 1840. Smilax lasioneura Hook. 1850. Coprosmanthus lasioneuron (Hook.) Kunth 1878. S. herbacea var. lasioneura 1905. Nemexia lasioneura Rydb. (i)	Midwestern carrion-flower, Blue Ridge carrion-flower, Hairy-nerved carrionflower, Common carrionflower Smilax à nervures pubescentes	Native, No recent reports, CoC: 10 WL: FAC Perennial, Herb-vine			NYFA-H? USDA-NN NEW-0 Can FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
↑ Smilacaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2013. Online Conservation Guide for Smilax pseudochina. Endangered, S1/G4G5. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2013. Online Conservation Guide for Smilax pulverulenta. Endangered, S1/G4G5.

Family Liliaceae[edit]

The Liliaceae (lily family).^[1]

Subfamily Calochortoideae[edit]

Genus Streptopus[edit]

There are two species of twisted-stalk (Streptopus) found in New York. Rose twistedstalk (S. lanceolatus} has sessile leaves (not clasping), while white twistedstalk (S. amplexifolius} has clasping leaves.

fam. Liliaceae – subfam. Calochortoideae – genus Streptopus
Streptopus Michx. 1803	Twisted stalk	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	3
Streptopus lanceolatus (Aiton) Reveal 1789. Uvularia lanceolata Aiton 1803. Streptopus roseus Michx. 1901. Streptopus curvipes Vail 1906. Streptopus longipes Fernald 1993. Streptopus lanceolatus Reveal	Rosy twisted-stalk, Rose twisted-stalk, Rose mandarin, Lance-leaved twistedstalk, Sessile-leaved twistedstalk, Simple-stemmed twistedstalk Streptope rose	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. 1753. Uvularia amplexifolia L. 1805. Streptopus amplexifolius DC. 1906. Convallaria amplexifolia E.H.L.Krause 1933. Tortipes amplexifolius Small	White mandarin, White twisted-stalk, Claspleaf twistedstalk, Clasping-leaved twistedstalk, Liverberry	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-MN NEW ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Streptopus × oreopolus Fernald Streptopus amplexifolius × Streptopus lanceolatus 1906. Streptopus oreopolus Fernald 1935. Streptopus amplexifolius var. oreopolus Fassett	Mandarin, Twisted stalk	Native, Unranked			NYFA-U USDA-NN NEW Trop. Images, wsp
↑ Liliaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Genus Prosartes[edit]

fam. Liliaceae – subfam. Calochortoideae – genus Prosartes
Prosartes	Fairy bells	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Prosartes lanuginosa (Michx.) D. Don (1839) Disporum lanuginosum Streptopus lanuginosus	Hairy mandarin, Yellow fairybells, Yellow mandarin, Hairy Disporum	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4? USDA-NN NEW-0 BNA Images, wsp
Prosartes maculata (Buckley) A.Gray 1843. Streptopus maculatus Buckley 1844. Prosartes maculata A.Gray 1888. Disporum maculatum Britton 1923. Disporum cahnae Farwell 1935. Disporum schaffneri Moldenke	Yellow mandarin, Nodding mandarin, Spotted mandarin	Introduced, N. America native			NYFA-cult. USDA-N0 ARS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp

Subfamily Medeoloideae[edit]

Genus Medeola[edit]

fam. Liliaceae – subfam. Medeoloideae – genus Medeola
Medeola	Indian cucumber	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Medeola virginiana L. 1753. Medeola virginiana L.	Indian cucumber, Indian cucumber-root Médéole de Virginie, Concombre sauvage, Jarnotte	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can FNA Images, wsp

Genus Clintonia[edit]

fam. Liliaceae – subfam. Medeoloideae – genus Clintonia
Clintonia	Blue bead	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2
Clintonia borealis (Aiton) Raf. 1789. Dracaena borealis Aiton 1811. Smilacina borealis (Aiton) Ker Gawl. 1817. Convallaria borealis (Aiton) Poir. 1832. Clintonia borealis (Aiton) Raf.	Bluebead, Yellow blue-bead lily, Yellow clintonia, Corn-lily, Clinton lily, Dogberry Clintonie boréale, Lis-boréal	Native, Secure WL: FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Clintonia umbellulata (Michx.) Morong (1894) Clintonia alleghaniensis Convallaria umbellulata Xeniatrum umbellulatum	White clintonia, Speckled wood-lily, Clinton's lily	Native, Rare			NYFA-3 USDA-NN Images, wsp

Subfamily Lilioideae[edit]

Tribe Tulipeae[edit]

fam. Liliaceae – subfam. Lilioideae – tribe Tulipeae
Tulipa	Tulip	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Tulipa sylvestris L. 1753. Tulipa sylvestris L. 1837. Liriopogon sylvestre (L.) Raf.	Wild tulip	Introduced from Eurasia, n. Africa, No specimens			NYFA-X USDA-XW NEW ARS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp

Tribe Lilieae[edit]

Genus Erythronium[edit]

fam. Liliaceae – subfam. Lilioideae – tribe Lilieae – genus Erythronium
Erythronium	Fawn lily	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2
Erythronium americanum Ker Gawl. (1808) ssp. americanum	Dogtooth violet, Yellow trout-lily	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA- BNA Images, wsp
Erythronium albidum Nutt. (1818)	White fawnlily, White trout-lily	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 Images, wsp

Genus Lilium[edit]

"True" lilies are those of the genus Lilium and don't include daylilies, lilies of the valley, or other species with "lily" in their common names.

fam. Liliaceae – subfam. Lilioideae – tribe Lilieae – genus Lilium
Lilium	Lily	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	6
Lilium canadense L. 1753. Lilium canadense L. 1753. L. canadense ssp. canadense 1813. L. canadense var. coccineum 1813. L. canadense var. flavum 1890. L. canadense fo. rubrum 1943. L. canadense var. editorum	Canada lily Lis du Canada	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp
Lilium canadense L. ssp. editorum (Fernald) Wherry = Lilium canadense	Red Canada lily	Native, Synonym			NYFA-0 USDA-N0 NEW Images, wsp
Lilium philadelphicum L. 1762. Lilium philadelphicum L.	Wood lily, Philadelphia lily Lis de Philadelphie	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NEW FNA Images, wsp
Lilium superbum L. 1762. Lilium superbum L. 1871. L. canadense ssp. superbum	Turk’s-cap lily	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-N0 NEW ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Lilium michiganense Farw. 1915. Lilium michiganense Farw. 1915. L. michiganense var. uniflorum 1956. L. canadense ssp. michiganense 1947. L. canadense fo. umbelliferum 1967. L. canadense var. umbelliferum	Michigan lily	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NEW-0 ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Lilium canadense × michiganense Lilium canadense × Lilium michiganense	Hybrid of Canada lily & Michigan lily	Native, Unranked			NYFA-U Images, wsp
Lilium lancifolium	Tiger lily, Lance-leaved tiger lily	Introduced from China			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW BNA Images, wsp

[1] P. F. Stevens, (2001 onwards). "Dioscoreales," Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13, September 28, 2013 (and more or less continuously updated since}. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/Dioscorealesweb.htm#Dioscoreales.

[2] Nartheciaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[DECB-3] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened.

[4] Dioscoreaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[5] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Dioscorea polystachya: High (78).

[6] P. F. Stevens, (2001 onwards). "Liliales," Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13, September 28, 2013 (and more or less continuously updated since}. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/Lilialesweb.htm#Liliales.

[7] Melanthiaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[8] Colchicaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[DECA-9] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.

[10] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2013. Online Conservation Guide for Uvularia puberula. Endangered, S1/G5.

[11] Smilacaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[12] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2013. Online Conservation Guide for Smilax pseudochina. Endangered, S1/G4G5.

[13] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2013. Online Conservation Guide for Smilax pulverulenta. Endangered, S1/G4G5.

[14] Liliaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

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