Flora of New York/Lamiales 2

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←
Lamiales 1:
Oleaceae
↓
Scrophulariaceae 		Flora of New York — Lamiales 2: : Lamiaceae →
Lamiales 3:
Mazaceae
↓
Lentibulariaceae
Table of
contents 		Genus
index 		Protected species index Invasive species index


Family Lamiaceae[edit | edit source]

The Lamiaceae (mint family) is the sixth largest family of the flowering-plants.[1]
  1. ↑ Bryan T. Drew & Kenneth J. Sytsma (2012), Phylogenics, Biogeography, and Staminal Evolution in the tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae), American Journal of Botany 99(5): 933-953

Subfamily Viticoideae[edit | edit source]

Although no members of the Viticoideae (sage subfamily) have yet been verified outside of cultivation in New York, the beach vitex has been documented as having the potential to be highly invasive in the Long Island region. The genus Callicarpa is included here only for convenience, as it is currently unplaced within the Lamiaceae but is said to be "allied" to the Viticoideae.[1]

Callicarpa americana has also not been found to have naturalized in New York, but it is cultivated and sold in the "native plant" trade.

  1. ↑ Systematics of Lamiaceae subfamily Viticoideae and allies

Vitex[edit | edit source]

Vitex rotundifolia
Vitex rotundifolia (beach vitex) is listed as potentially being highly invasive in New York. It was introduced in the southeasterm US for beach stabilizaiton but is now banned in most areas,[1] including New York State.[2]

There appear to have been no East Coast reports north of southern New Jersey.

  1. ↑ M.J. Jordan, G. Moore & T.W. Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY; The Nature Conservancy, Albany, NY. Vitex rotundifolia assessed by Steve Glenn, Gerry Moore, 3 June 2009; edited August 19, 2009.
  2. ↑ NYSDEC (2014) New York State Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Plants. Cornell University, September 10, 2014
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Viticoideae — Vitex
Vitex Chaste-tree N.Y. Status Images Distribution 0 NPT
 L.
    Vitex agnus-castus L.
Lilac chaste tree
 Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
 iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [1],
 USGS: L48 established

NYFA: Not in Flora Atlas
iNat: 6 counties
USDA-X0
GBIF
iNaturalist
Images
Wikispecies
 L.f.
1782. Vitex rotundifolia L.f.
1784. Vitex ovata Thunb.
1847. Vitex trifolia var. unifoliolata
1891. Vitex ovata var. subtrisecta
1903. Vitex trifolia var. ovata
1959. Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia
 Beach vitex,
Roundleaf chaste-tree,
Chasteberry,
Monk's pepper 		Introduced from
 western Pacific,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS: 73%[1],
 USGS: L48 established
Perennial,
Shrub
no NY reports
USDA-X0
GBIF
Go Botany-0
VASCAN-0
iNaturalist
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Tropicos
BONAP
CABI
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Vitex rotundifolia: High (73).

Callicarpa[edit | edit source]

Callicarpa americana
American beautyberry is native to the Southeast and occasionally planted in New York as a "native" shrub, but its has not been known to naturalize in the Northeast.
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Viticoideae — Callicarpa
Callicarpa Beautyberry N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Callicarpa americana L.
1755. Burchardia americana (L.) Duhamel
 American beautyberry,
Beauty-berry,
French mulberry 		Introduced from
 southeastern US,
US South native

NYFA: xx counties
iNat: xx counties 		NYFA-0
USDA-N0
ARS-GRIN
NatureServe
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
 (Lour.) K.Koch
1790. Porphyra dichotoma Lour.
1872. Callicarpa dichotoma (Lour.) K.Koch
Purple beauty-berry
 Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
 GRIIS-US: Invasive,
Uncertain naturalization

NYFA: xx counties
iNat: xx counties
GBIF
iNaturalist
Images
Wikispecies

Subfamily Ajugoideae[edit | edit source]

The Ajugoideae (bugle subfamily).

Trichostema[edit | edit source]

Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Ajugoideae — Ajugeae — Trichostema
Trichostema sect. Trichostema Bluecurls N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Trichostema dichotomum L.
1821. Trichostema pilosum Roth
1937. T. dichotomum var. puberulum Fernald & Griscom
 Forked bluecurls,
Bastard pennyroyal,
Common blue curls,
Blue curls
Trichostème fourchu
 Native,
Secure
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Tropicos
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
1778. Trichostema setaceum Houtt.
1788. T. lineare Walter
1814. T. dichotomum var. lineare (Walter) Pursh
1818. T. lineare Nutt.
 Narrowleaf bluecurls,
Narrow-leaved blue-curls 		Native,
Endangered
NYFA-1
USDA-N0
Go Botany
VASCAN-0
ITIS
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
Trichostema sect. Orthopodium Bluecurls N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Trichostema brachiatum L.
1803. Isanthus coeruleus Michx.
1888. Isanthus brachiatus B.S.P.
[1]
1933. Isanthus brachiatus var. linearis
1943. Tetraclea viscida Lundell
 Fluxweed,
False pennyroyal,
Glade blue curls,
Pennyroyal blue curls 		Native,
Rare
NYFA-3
USDA-NN
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ Weakley (2005) suggests that Trichostema sect. Orthopodium could be moved to Isanthus, which would return Trichostema brachiatum to Isanthus brachiatus. Weakley, Alan. 2005. Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia. Working draft. June 10, 2005. University of North Carolina Herbarium, Chapel Hill, NC.

Ajuga[edit | edit source]

Ajuga reptans L.
carpet bugle
Ajuga, or bugleweed, contains about 40 species of herbaceous plants, none of which are native to North America. The two species Ajuga reptans and to a lesser extent Ajuga genevensis have been found to naturalize in New York State.
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Ajugoideae — Ajugeae — Ajuga
Ajuga Bugle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Ajuga reptans L.
 Carpet bugle,
Common bugle,
Blue bugle
Bugle rampante
 Introduced,
Widespread weed,
CP-5[1],
NE-3[2]
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
GBIF
WFO
Kew POWO
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Ajuga genevensis L.
 Erect bugle,
Standing bugle,
Geneva bugle 		Introduced
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
GBIF
WFO
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)
  2. ↑ Category 3 Plants - widespread non-native species - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Teucrium[edit | edit source]

Teucrium canadense L.
American germander
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Ajugoideae — Teucrieae — Teucrium
Teucrium Germander N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Teucrium canadense L.
1829. T. canadense var. virginicum (L.) Eaton
1878. T. occidentale A. Gray
1901. T. boreale E.P. Bicknell
1901. T. littorale E.P. Bicknell
1908. T. canadense var. littorale (E.P. Bicknell) Fernald
1946. T. canadense var. occidentale (A. Gray) E. M. McClint. & Epling
1963. T. canadense var. boreale (E.P. Bicknell) Shinners
American germander
Canada germander
Canadian germander
Hairy germander
Western germander
Wood sage
Germandrée du Canada
 Native, CoC: 4,
Secure
FACW
Perennial,
Herb=forb,
Part shade
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Teucrium botrys L.
 Cutleaf germander,
Cut-leaved germander,
Cut-leaf germander 		Introduced from
 Europe,
Possibly naturalized
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies

Clerodendrum[edit | edit source]

Clerodendrum trichotomum
Although Clerodendrum trichotomum (harlequin glorybower) is not listed in the New York Flora Atlas, it has been cultivated, and there are reports of it naturalizing in eastern Long Island.[1] It is listed as Invasive Species Tier 5 (Monitor) in the Lower Hudson and Long Island PRISMs.[2]
  1. ↑ iNaturalist observation of Clerodendrum trichotomum (Harlequin Glorybower) North Haven, Suffolk County, Jul. 28, 2021.
  2. ↑ New York State Invasive Species Tiers. New York Natural Heritage Program. May 11, 2021.
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Clerodendrum
Clerodendrum Glorybower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
1784. Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb.
Harlequin glorybower
 Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
 NYIS Tier: (5),
 Invasive.org: [2],
 GRIIS-US: established (category C3)

NYFA: Not listed
iNat: 6 counties
GBIF
iNaturalist
Images
Wikispecies

Subfamily Scutellarioideae[edit | edit source]

Scutellaria[edit | edit source]
Scutellaria galericulata
Skullcap (Scutellaria) contains about eight species that are or have been found in New York. Several of these are presumed to be extirpated in the state.
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Scutellarioideae — Scutellaria
Scutellaria Skullcap N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 Marsh skullcap,
Hooded skullcap 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb
53 counties 		NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
Mad dog skullcap
Mad-dog skullcap
Blue skullcap
 Native, CoC: 7,
Secure
56 counties 		NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
 Michx.
 var. parvula
 Small skullcap Native, CoC: 8,
Rare,
DEC-C[1]
NYFA-3
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
 var. missouriensis
 Leonard's skullcap Native, CoC: 10,
No recent reports,
S1, G4-T4
FACU-UPL
NYFA-Z
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
 Biehler
 var. incana
 Hoary skullcap,
Downy skullcap 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
No recent reports,
DEC-A[2],
SH, G5
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: Cattaraugus
iNat: ? counties 		NYFA-Z
USDA-N0
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
Hyssop skullcap
Helmet flower
 Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
DEC-A[2],
S1, G5
FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-1
USDA-N0
Images
Wikispecies
 Muhl. ex Spreng.
var. elliptica
    Scutellaria ovalifolia Pers.
    Scutellaria pilosa Michx.
 Hairy skullcap Native, CoC: 10,
Likely extirpated
NYFA-Z
USDA-N0
Images
Wikispecies
 Pursh
 Veined skullcap Native, CoC: 10,
Likely extirpated
NYFA-Z
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
Showy skullcap Native, CoC: 10,
No recent reports
NYFA-Z
Images
Wikispecies
 Fernald
  Scutellaria galericulata ×
  Scutellaria lateriflora
 Skullcap Native,
N.Y. excluded
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (c) Rare.
  2. ↑ a b New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.

Subfamily Lamioideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Marrubieae[edit | edit source]

Ballota[edit | edit source]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Lamioideae — Marrubieae — Ballota
Ballota Horehound N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
ssp. foetida (Koch) Hayek
1929. Ballota nigra ssp. foetida
    Ballota nigra var. alba
    Ballota nigra var. foetida
    Ballota borealis Schweigg.
 Black horehound,
Fetid horehound
Ballote vulgaire,
Ballote noire,
Marrube noire 		Introduced from
 Europe,
 northern Africa
NYFA-X
USDA-X0
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Tropicos
NatureServe
BONAP
IPN
Images
Wikispecies
Marrubium[edit | edit source]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Lamioideae — Marrubieae — Marrubium
Marrubium Horehound N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 White horehound Introduced
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
GBIF
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
    Marrubium peregrinum L.
Horehound
 Introduced,
Not naturalized

NYFA: Bronx (1899)
iNat: No observations 		NYFA-Xm
iNaturalist
Images
Wikispecies
Moluccella[edit | edit source]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Lamioideae — Marrubieae — Moluccella
Moluccella Moluccella N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 Shellflower Introduced,
Impersistent
NYFA-X
USDA-XW
Images
Wikispecies

Tribe Lamieae[edit | edit source]

Lamium[edit | edit source]
Lamium galeobdolon
Lamium species are commonly known as dead-nettles and are native to Eurasia and northern Africa. About six of these species have naturalized in New York.
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Lamioideae — Lamieae — Lamium
Lamium Deadnettle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) L.
1753. Galeopsis galeobdolon L.
1759. Lamium galeobdolon (L.) L.
1778. Galeobdolon luteum Huds.
1966. Lamiastrum galeobdolon Ehren. & Polatschek
 Yellow archangel,
Yellow henbit,
Aluminum plant,
Artillery plant
Lamier jaune,
Ortie jaune,
Lamier doré 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Invasive,
 NYIS Tier: U, LH: 5,
 iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [3],
 USGS: L48 invasive,
Weed[1]

NYFA: 5 counties
iNat: ~30 counties 		NYFA-X
USDA-X0
GBIF
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
 (L.) L.
1753. Lamium album var. maculatum L.
1763. Lamium maculatum L.
 Spotted deadnettle,
Spotted henbit,
Variegated deadnettle
Lamier maculé,
Lamier tacheté 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Widespread weed,
 Invasive.org: [4],
 USGS: L48 invasive,
NE-3[2]
NYFA-X
GBIF
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 var. purpureum
1753. Lamium purpureum L.
1852. Lamiopsis purpurea (L.) Opiz
 Purple deadnettle,
Red hanbit,
Red deadnettle 		Introduced,
Widespread weed,
 USGS: L48 invasive
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
GBIF
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 var. hybridum (Vill.) Vill.
1786. Lamium hybridum Vill.
1787. Lamium purpureum var. hybridum (Vill.) Vill.
1796. Lamium dissectum With.
1806. Lamium purpureum var. incisum (Willd.) Pers.
1881. Lamium hybridum ssp. hybridum (With.) Nyman
1927. Lamium hybridum ssp. dissectum (With.) Gams
1927. Lamium hybridum var. dissectum (With.) Gams
 Hybrid deadnettle,
Purple deadnettle,
Red deadnettle,
Red hanbit 		Introduced
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Lamium amplexicaule L.
1960. Lamium amplexicaule var. album Pickens & M.C.W.Pickens
 Henbit deadnettle,
Common dead-nettle,
Common henbit,
Clasping henbit 		Introduced from
 Eurasia, n. Africa,
Potentially invasive,
 USGS: L48 invasive
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
GBIF
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 ssp. album
1753. Lamium album L.
 White deadnettle,
White-nettle,
White henbit,
Snowflake 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Unknown naturalization
Albany, Allegany, Herkimer, Tompkins (1925), Washington 		NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ Lamium galeobdolon is declared as a noxious weed in Oregon and Washington state, and the Lower Hudson PRISM has placed it in Invasive Species Tier 5.
  2. ↑ Category 3 Plants - widespread non-native species - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Tribe Leonureae[edit | edit source]

Leonurus[edit | edit source]
Leonurus cardiaca
Motherwort
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Lamioideae — Leonureae — Leonurus
Leonurus Motherwort N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Leonurus cardiaca L.
1830. Leonurus glaucescens Bunge
1849. Leonurus cardiaca var. villosus
1874. Lamium cardiaca (L.) Baill.
1945. Leonurus cardiaca ssp. villosus
Common mother-wort
Motherwort
 Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Widespread weed,
 Invasive.org: [5],
NE-3[1]
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
COL
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies
 Houtt.
1753. Leonurus sibiricus L. misapplied
1778. Leonurus japonicus Houtt.
Chinese motherwort
Honeyweed
Siberian motherwort
 Introduced

NYFA: Queens (2013)
iNat: Queens (2020), Rockland (2021) 		NYFA-X
USDA-X0
COL
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ Category 3 Plants - widespread non-native species - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service
Chaiturus[edit | edit source]
Leonurus marrubiastrum
False motherwort
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Lamioideae — Leonureae — Chaiturus
Chaiturus Lion's tail N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Ehrh. ex Rchb.
1753. Leonurus marrubiastrum L.
1771. Cardiaca marrubiastrum (L.) Schreb.
1787. Chaiturus leonuroides Willd. (nom. superfl.)
1796. Leonurus parviflorus Salisb. (nom. illeg.)
1831. Chaiturus marrubiastrum (L.) Ehrh. ex Rchb.
1839. Chaiturus marrubiastrum (L.) Spenn.
1844. Leonurus marrubiastrum var. simplicissimus K.Koch
1880. Leonurus marrubifolius St.-Lag.
1889. Chaiturus marrubifolius St.-Lag.
False motherwort
Lion's tail
 Introduced,
Not naturalized

NYFA: Ulster (1897)
iNat: Sullivan (2020), Ulster (2020) 		NYFA-X
USDA-X0
COL
WFO
Kew WCSP
Kew POWO
iNaturalist
Images
Wikispecies

Tribe Phlomideae[edit | edit source]

Phlomis[edit | edit source]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Lamioideae — Phlomideae — Phlomis
Phlomis Jerusalem-sage N.Y. Status Images Distribution 1 NPT
 L.
1753. Phlomis tuberosa L.
1794. Phlomoides tuberosa (L.) Moench
1824. Leonotis tuberosa (L.) Hoffmanns.
1829. Phlomidopsis tuberosa (L.) Link
1837. Trambis tuberosa (L.) Raf.
1843. Phlomitis tuberosa (L.) Rchb.
ex T.Nees
 Tuberous Jerusalem sage,
Jerusalem sage
Sauge de Jérusalem 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Unk. naturalization
NYFA-X
USDA-X0
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies

Tribe Synandreae[edit | edit source]

Physostegia[edit | edit source]
Physostegia virginiana
The only native or naturalized member of Physostegia found in New York is P. virginiana, the commonly-cultivated northern obedient-plant. Although it is considered native to New York, most populations are probably the result of naturalized escapes.[1]
  1. ↑ Troy Weldy, David Werier, and Andrew Nelson (2014). New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Lamioideae — Synandreae — Physostegia
Physostegia Lionsheart N.Y. Status Images Distribution 1 NPT
 (L.) Benth.
ssp. virginiana
1753. Dracocephalum virginianum L.
1789. Dracocephalum denticulatum Aiton
1830. Physostegia speciosa Sweet
1834. Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth.
1908. Physostegia formosior Lunell
1931. Dracocephalum formosius Rydb.
1982. P. virginiana ssp. virginiana autonym
 Obedient plant,
False dragon-head,
Obedient false dragon-head,
Virginia false dragon-head
Physostégie de Virginie 		Native, CoC: 9,
Secure,
S5, G5
FACW-FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Tropicos
NatureServe
IPN
Images
Wikispecies

Tribe Stachydeae[edit | edit source]

Stachys[edit | edit source]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Lamioideae — Stachydeae — Stachys
Stachys Hedgenettle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Pursh
1800. Stachys tenuifolia Willd. (misappl.)
1814. Stachys hispida Pursh
1836. Stachys glabra Riddell
1920. Stachys palustris var. macrocalyx Jenn.
1943. Stachys tenuifolia var. platyphylla Fernald
1943. Stachys tenuifolia var. perlonga Fernald
1943. Stachys tenuifolia var. hispida Fernald
1972. Stachys palustris var. hispida B.Boivin
1982. Stachys pilosa ssp. hispida (Pursh) Á.Löve & D.Löve
 Hispid hedgenettle,
Smooth hedge-nettle,
Slender betony 		Native,
Likely secure
NYFA-4
USDA-NN
COL
GBIF
Kew WCSP
Kew POWO
Go Botany
VASCAN
iNaturalist
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Tropicos
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
 Michx.
var. hyssopifolia
    Stachys hyssopifolia Michx.
    Stachys atlantica Britton
    Stachys lythroides Small
 Hyssopleaf hedgenettle,
Hyssop-leaved hedge-nettle 		Native,
Threatened
NYFA-2
USDA-N0
Go Botany
VASCAN-0
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies
 Nutt.
 var. pilosa
1834. Stachys pilosa Nutt.
1900. Stachys palustris var. homotricha Fernald
1909. Stachys asperrima Rydb.
1920. Stachys palustris var. nipigonenis Jenn.
1934. Stachys palustris ssp. pilosa (Nutt.) Epling
1943. Stachys palustris var. pilosa (Nutt.) Fernald
Hairy hedgenettle
Hairy hedge nettle
hairy hedge-nettle
 Native, CoC: 3,
Unranked

NYFA: Essex (1940)
iNat: ? counties 		NYFA-Nu
USDA-NN
Kew POWO
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
 Nutt.
var. arenicola (Britton) G.A.Mulligan & D.B.Munro
1901. Stachys arenicola Britton
1931. Stachys brevidens Rydb.
1989. Stachys pilosa var. arenicola (Britton) G.A.Mulligan & D.B.Munro
Marsh hedge-nettle
Sand hedge nettle
 Native, CoC: 0,
Very rare,
S1

NYFA: Cattaraugus (1929)
iNat: Cortland (2018) 		NYFA-N1
COL
GBIF
WFO
Kew WCSP
Kew POWO
iNaturalist
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Stachys palustris L.
1849. S. palustris var. elliptica Clos
1879. S. palustris var. petiolata T.Durand
1881. S. palustris var. segetum Nyman
1908. S. palustris var. homotricha Fernald
 Marsh hedge-nettle,
Marsh woundwort,
Marsh betony
Épaire des marais,
Crapaudine 		Introduced from
 Eurasia
NYFA-X
USDA-NX
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 K.Koch
 Woolly hedgenettle,
Lamb's ears,
Epiaire laineuse 		Introduced from
 temperate Asia,
 USGS: L48 established
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
GBIF
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Stachys sylvatica L.
 Whitespot,
Woodland hedge-nettle,
Hedge woundwort
Épaire des bois,
Épaire des forêts 		Introduced from
 Eurasia
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 (L.) L.
1753. Betonica annua L.
1763. Stachys annua (L.) L.
 Annual hedgenettle
Épiaire annuelle 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Impersistent
NYFA-Xm
USDA-XW
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VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
 Bunge
1833. Stachys affinis Bunge
1865. Stachys sieboldii Miq.
[1]
1887. Stachys tuberifera Naudin
 Artichoke betony,
Chinese artichoke,
Crosne du Japon 		Introduced from
 China,
Impersistent
NYFA-Xm
USDA-X0
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 (L.) L.
1753. Glechoma arvensis L.
1763. Stachys arvensis (L.) L.
1778. Cardiaca arvensis (L.) Lam.
 Field hedgenettle,
Staggerweed,
Field woundwort
Épiaire des champs 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 N. Africa,
Impersistent
NYFA-Xm
USDA-XX
Go Botany
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ITIS
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 (K. Koch) Stearn
1800. Betonica grandiflora Stephan
ex Willd.
1834. S. grandiflora (Willd.) Benth. hom.
1849. Betonica macrantha K.Koch
1951. Stachys macrantha (K.Koch) Stearn
 Big-sage Introduced from
 temperate Asia,
Impersistent,
No specimens
NYFA-Xm
USDA-X0
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies
 (L.) Trevis.
1753. Betonica officinalis L.
1834. Stachys betonica Benth.
 Common hedgenettle Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 N.Africa,
Impersistent
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
 Riddell
1848. Stachys nuttallii Shuttlw. ex Benth.
1903. Stachys salvioides Small
1920. Stachys riddellii House
1927. Stachys subcordata Rydb.
1936. Stachys cordata Riddell
 Heartleaf hedgenettle,
Heart-leaved
  hedge-nettle 		Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-X0
ITIS
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ ITIS lists Stachys affinis as Stachys sieboldii var. sieboldii. Other sources list as Stachys affinis.

Tribe Galeopseae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Galeopseae (Dumort.) Vis.[1]
  1. ↑ Zhao F, Chen YP, Salmaki Y, et al. An updated tribal classification of Lamiaceae based on plastome phylogenomics. BMC Biol. 2021;19(1):2. Published 2021 Jan 8. doi:10.1186/s12915-020-00931-z
Galeopsis[edit | edit source]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Lamioideae — uncertain — Galeopsis
Galeopsis Hempnettle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Boenn.
1824. Galeopsis bifida Boenn.
1831. G. tetrahit var. bifida
1848. G. tetrahit var. parviflora
1881. G. tetrahit ssp. bifida
1921. G. bifida var. emarginata
1929. G. tetrahit var. bifida
 Notched hemp-nettle,
Bifid-lip hempnettle,
Splitlip hempnettle,
Common hempnettle
Galéopside bifide,
Galéopsis bifide 		Introduced,
Naturalized,
Widespread
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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VASCAN
Tropicos
IPN
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Galeopsis tetrahit L.
1763. Lamium tetrahit (L.) Crantz
1771. G. tetrahit var. tetrahit
1794. Tetrahit nodosum (L.) Moench
1821. G. nodosum (Moench) Gray (i)
1862. G. tetrahit ssp. tetrahit
1891. Ladanum tetrahit (L.) Kuntze
 Common hempnettle,
Common hemp-nettle,
Brittle-stemmed hemp-nettle,
Brittlestem hempnettle,
Dog nettle,
Ironwort
Galéopside à tige carrée,
Galéopside tétrahit,
Ortie royale 		Introduced from
 Europe,
Naturalized
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
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Images
Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Galeopsis ladanum L.
    
    
 Broad-leaved hemp-nettle,
Broadleaf hempnettle,
Hemp nettle 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Not naturalized
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
 Ehrh. ex Hoffm.
    G. angustifolia Ehrh. ex Hoffm.
    G. ladanum var. angustifolia
    
 Narrow-leaved hemp-nettle,
Narrowleaf hempnettle 		Introduced,
Not naturalized
NYFA-Xm
USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies

Subfamily Nepetoideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Elsholtzieae[edit | edit source]

Collinsonia[edit | edit source]
Collinsonia canadensis
stoneroot, horsebalm, richweed
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Elsholtzieae — Collinsonia
Collinsonia Horsebalm N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Collinsonia canadensis L.
 Stoneroot,
Horsebalm,
Canada horse-balm,
Northern horsebalm,
Richweed,
Citronella,
Citronella horse balm 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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Elsholtzia[edit | edit source]
Elsholtzia ciliata
crested late-summer mint
Elsholtzia ciliata (crested late-summer mint) is listed as invasive in Connecticut.[1]
  1. ↑ Connecticut Invasive Plants Council (2014)
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Elsholtzieae — Elsholtzia
Elsholtzia Elsholtzia N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Thunb.) Hyl.
Elsholtzia cristata
 Crested elsholtzia,
Crested latesummer mint,
Crested late-summer mint,
Vietnamese balm 		Introduced from
 Asia,
Potentially invasive
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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Perilla[edit | edit source]
Perilla frutescens
beefsteak plant
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Elsholtzieae — Perilla
Perilla Perilla-mint N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Britton
var. frutescens
1753. Ocimum frutescens L.
1764. Perilla ocymoides L. superfl.
1856. Perilla ocymoides var. japonica Hassk.
1939. Salvia infuscata Epling
1948. Perilla frutescens var. japonica (Hassk.) H.Hara
Beefsteak plant
Beefsteakplant
Perilla-mint
Wild sesame
 Introduced,
Naturalized
FAC
Annual,
Herb-forb
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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 (L.) Britton
var. crispa (Benth.) W. Deane
1784. Ocimum crispum Thunb.
1848. Perilla ocymoides var. crispa Benth.
1848. Perilla arguta Benth.
1923. Perilla frutescens var. crispa (Benth.) W. Deane
Crisped beefsteak plant
Shiso
Beefsteakplant
 Introduced,
Unk. naturalization
FAC
Annual,
Herb-forb
NYFA-X
USDA-X0
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Tribe Mentheae[edit | edit source]

Mentheae is the largest Lamiaceae tribe and contains the herbs sage, thyme, and of course mint. The subtribes used here are from Drew & Sytsma (2012).[1]
  1. ↑ Bryan T. Drew & Kenneth J. Sytsma (2012), Phylogenics, Biogeography, and Staminal Evolution in the tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae), American Journal of Botany 99(5): 933-953
Subtribe Salviinae[edit | edit source]
Salvia[edit | edit source]
Salvia lyrata
Salvia is the largest genus in the Lamiaceae. Its only native species, Salvia lyrata, is listed as Endangered but has not been reported in the state recently.
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Salviinae — Salvia
Salvia Sage N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Salvia lyrata L.
1768. Horminum lyratum (L.) Mill.
1837. Larnastyra lyrata (L.) Raf.
1828. Cunila lyrata (L.) Schrank
 Lyre-leaved sage,
Lyreleaf sage,
Cancerweed 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
No recent reports,
SH, G5
FACW-FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Sun - part shade
Orange (1990),
Rockland (1990),
Ulster,
Westchester (1898) 		NYFA-Z
USDA-N0
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 Michx. ex Lam.
var. grandiflora Benth.
1833. Salvia pitcheri Torr. ex Benth.
1848. Salvia azurea var. grandiflora
1894. Salvia azurea var. pitcheri
1939. Salvia azurea ssp. pitcheri
1939. Salvia azurea ssp. intermedia
 Blue sage,
Pitcher sage,
Pitcher's sage 		Introduced from
 southern U.S.,
N. America native
Suffolk (1941) 		NYFA-X
USDA-N0
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Tropicos
BONAP
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 Hornem.
1806. Salvia lanceolata Brouss.
1807. Salvia reflexa Hornem.
 Lance-leaved sage,
Rocky Mountain sage,
Blue sage,
Lambsleaf sage,
Sage mint 		Introduced from
 great plains,
N. America native
Albany (1994),
Madison (1940),
Oswego (2003),
St. Lawrence (1994),
Suffolk (2001) 		NYFA-X
USDA-NW
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Salvia glutinosa L.
    
    
 Sticky sage,
Jupiter's sage,
Jupiter's distaff 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Potentially invasive,
 iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [6],
 USGS: L48 established,
Naturalized[1]
Dutchess (2010) 		NYFA-Xn
USDA-X0
GBIF
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
 Benth.
    
    
    
 Wood sage Introduced,
Unk. naturalization
NYFA-X
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
    
    
    
 Kitchen sage Introduced
NYFA-X
USDA-XW
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
    
    
    
Meadow sage
Meadow clary
Introduced sage
Sauge des près
 Introduced,
Naturalized
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
    
    
    
 Lilac sage Introduced
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
Salvia (excluded species) Sage N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
    
    
    
Clary
Clary sage
Europe sage
Sauge sclarée
Sclarée
Toute-bonne
 Introduced from
 Eurasia,
N.Y. excluded
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-XW
Images
Wikispecies
    
    
    
 Silver sage Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
    
    
    
 Nodding sage Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
 L. (pro. sp)
  Salvia nemorosa ×
  Salvia pratensis
    
    
    
 Hybrid of
 wood sage &
 meadow sage
 Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
NYFA-Excluded
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ Nava M. Tabak (2011). Salvia glutinosa (Lamiaceae) naturalized in southeastern New York. Rhodora 113: 220-224.
Melissa[edit | edit source]
Melissa officinalis
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Salviinae — Melissa
Melissa Balm N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
    Melissa officinalis L.
Lemonbalm
Lemon balm
Common balm
Garden balm
 Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
 Invasive.org: [7],
 USGS: L48 invasive,
Naturalized,
SNA, GNR
UPL
Perennial,
Heerb-forb
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
GBIF
iNaturalist
Images
Wikispecies
Subtribe Prunellinae[edit | edit source]
Prunella[edit | edit source]
Prunella vulgaris
In New York, Prunella (self-heal or heal-all) consists primarily of the single species Prunella vulgaris, which (depending on the source) has two subspecies present: the Eurasian P. vulgaris ssp. vulgaris and the North American P. vulgaris ssp. lanceolata.
Prunella vulgaris self-heal middle cauline (mid-stem) leaves growth form
base shape leaf shape length/width ratio
 ssp. lanceolata American cuniate (wedge-shape) lanceolate to oblong 2.0 - 5.0 (avg. 3.0) upright or reclining, tips ascending
 ssp. vulgaris Eurasian rounded ovate to ovate-oblong 1.5 - 2.5 (avg. 2.0) flat on ground
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Prunellinae — Prunella
Prunella Selfheal N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 ssp. lanceolata (W.P.C.Barton) Piper & Beattie
1818. P. pennsylvanica var. lanceolata W.P.C.Barton
1834. P. vulgaris var. elongata Benth.
1913. P. vulgaris var. lanceolata (W.P.C.Barton) Fernald
1915. P. vulgaris ssp. lanceolata (W.P.C.Barton) Piper & Beattie
 American self-heal,
American heal-all,
Lance selfheal,
Mountain selfheal,
Narrowleaf selfheal 		Native,
Likely secure,
Fact sheet[1]
NYFA-N
USDA-NN
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 L.
 ssp. vulgaris
1753. Prunella vulgaris L.
 Eurasian self-heal,
Common self-heal 		Introduced,
Widespread weed
NYFA-X
USDA-NX
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
 (L.) L.
    Prunella laciniata (L.) L.
    
    
 Cutleaf selfheal,
Cut-leaved selfheal,
Cut-leaved heal-all 		Introduced
NYFA-X
USDA-X0
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ USDA-NRCS Plant Fact Sheet for Lance Selfheal, Prunella vulgaris L. ssp. lanceolata (W. Bartram) Hultén
Subtribe Lycopinae[edit | edit source]
Lycopus[edit | edit source]
Lycopus americanus
Bugleweed, waterhorehound, or gypsywort (genus Lycopus) species are herbaceous perennials that grow in a variety of wetlands, on stream banks, and in low-lying meadows.
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Lycopinae — Lycopus
Lycopus Bugleweed N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Muhl. ex W.P.C.Barton
1813. Lycopus americanus Muhl. (i)
1815. Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W.P.C.Barton
1917. Phytosalpinx americana (Muhl. ex W.P.C.Barton) Lunell
American bugleweed
American water horehound
Common water horehound[1]
 Native, CoC: 4,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 56 counties
iNat: ? counties 		NYFA-5
USDA-NN
COL
GBIF
Go Botany
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 Michx.
1803. Lycopus uniflorus Michx.
1901. Lycopus communis E.P.Bicknell
1901. Lycopus membranaceus E.P.Bicknell
1910. Lycopus coreanus H.Lév.
Northern bugleweed
Northern water horehound
Northern water-horehound
Tuberous water-horehound
Slender bugleweed
One-flowered horehound
Lycope à une fleur
 Native, CoC: 4,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 54 counties
iNat: ? counties 		NYFA-5
USDA-NN
COL
GBIF
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Lycopus virginicus L.
1814. Lycopus virginicus var. quercifolius Pursh
1833. Lycopus macrophyllus Benth.
1833. Lycopus virginicus var. pauciflorus Benth.
1840. Euhemus officinalis Raf.
1840. Euhemus sylvaticus Raf.
1870. Lycopus virginicus var. macrophyllus (Benth.) A.Gray
 Virginia bugleweed,
Virginia water horehound 		Native, CoC: 4,
Likely secure,
S4, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 40 counties
iNat: ? counties 		NYFA-4
USDA-NN
COL
GBIF
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 Steele
  Lycopus uniflorus ×
  Lycopus virginicus
1901. Lycopus sherardii E.S.Steele
1901. Lycopus × sherardii Steele
1972. Lycopus virginicus var. sherardii (Steele) B.Boivin
Sherard’s bugleweed
Sherard’s water horehound
 Native,
Unraked,
SNA
OBL

NYFA: Suffolk (1926)
iNat: not observed 		NYFA-U
COL
iNaturalist
Images
Wikispecies
 Raf.
    Lycopus amplectens Raf.
    Lycopus sessilifolius A.Gray
    Lycopus amplectens var. pubens (Britton ex Small) Fernald
Clasping bugleweed
Clasping water horehound
Clasping water-horehound
Sessile-leaved bugleweed
 Native, CoC: 10,
Threatened,
S2, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 2 counties (1988)
iNat: not observed? 		NYFA-2
USDA-N0
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 Moench
    Lycopus rubellus Moench
Stalked bugleweed
Stalked water horehound
Taperleaf water horehound
 Native, CoC: 3,
Endangered,
S1, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Ferb-forb

NYFA: ? counties
iNat: Bronx (2018) 		NYFA-1
USDA-N0
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 Greene
1848. Lycopus obtusifolius Benth.
1898. Lycopus asper Greene
1898. Lycopus maritimus Greene
1917. Phytosalpinx aspera (Greene) Lunell
Western bugleweed
Western water horehound
Western water-horehound
Rough bugleweed
Rough water horehound
 Introduced,
N. America native,
Unknown naturalization,
SNA, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 3 counties (1981)
iNat: not observed 		NYFA-X
USDA-NN
Kew POWO
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 L.
1753. Lycopus europaeus L.
1891. Lycopus europaeus var. mollis Briq.
European bugleweed
European water horehound
Gypsywort
 Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
 iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [8],
 USGS: L48 invasive,
Naturalized,
SNA, GNR
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 13 counties
iNat: 10 counties 		NYFA-X
USDA-XX
GBIF
Go Botany
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  1. ↑ Lycopus americanus (Common water horehound), A. A. Reznicek, E. G. Voss, & B. S. Walters. February 2011. University of Michigan. Web.
Subtribe Nepetineae[edit | edit source]
Agastache[edit | edit source]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Neptinae — Agastache
Agastache J.Clayton ex Gronov. Giant-hyssop N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Willd.) Kuntze
1800. Hyssopus scrophulariaefolia Willd.
1891. Agastache scrophulariifolia (Willd.) Kuntze
 Purple giant-hyssop,
Figwort giant-hyssop,
Purple giant hyssop,
Figwort giant hyssop
Agastache à feuilles
  de scrofulaire 		Native, CoC: 2,
Likely secure
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-4
USDA-NN
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 (L.) Kuntze
1753. Hyssopus nepetoides L.
1808. Vleckia nepetoides (L.) Raf.
1891. A. nepetoides (L.) Kuntze
1829. Lophanthus nepetoides (L.) Benth.
 Yellow giant hyssop,
Catnip giant-hyssop
Agastache faux-népéta,
Agastache faux-népète 		Native, CoC: 6,
Threatened
Perennial,
Forb-herb
NYFA-2-3
USDA-NN
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 (Pursh) Kuntze
1813. Hyssopus anethiodorus Nutt.
1814. Stachys foeniculum Pursh
1818. Hyssopus foeniculum (Pursh) Spreng.
1829. Lophanthus anisatus Benth.
1891. Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze
1892. Vleckia foeniculum (Pursh) MacMill.
1894. Vleckia anethiodora (Nutt.) Greene
1898. Agastache anethiodora (Nutt.) Britton
 Anise-hyssop,
Fragrant giant-hyssop,
Lavender giant-hyssop,
Anise mint,
Blue giant hyssop,
Fennel giant hyssop,
Licorice mint
Agastache fenouil 		Introduced from
 S-central Canada,
 N-central US,
N. America native,
Cultivated,
Naturalized: ?
Perennial,
Forb-herb,
Sun-shade
NYFA-X
USDA-NN
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ARS-GRIN
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NatureServe
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Dracocephalum[edit | edit source]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Neptinae — Dracocephalum
Dracocephalum Dragonhead N.Y. Status Images Distribution 2 NPT
 Nutt.
1818. Dracocephalum parviflora Nutt.
1913. Moldavica parviflora Britton
 American dragonhead,
Dragonhead mint 		Native,
Endangered
NYFA-1
USDA-NN
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
    Moldavica thymiflora (L.) Rydb.
 Thymeleaf dragonhead,
Thyme-leaved dragon-head 		Introduced,
Impersistent
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
Glechoma[edit | edit source]
Glechoma hederacea
Ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea) is a common weed found in cultivated places throughout most of New York State.
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Neptinae — Glechoma
Glechoma Glechoma N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Glechoma hederacea L.
1771. Calamintha hederacea (L.) Scop.
1822. Glechoma hederacea var. parvifolia Gray
1834. Nepeta glechoma Benth.
1842. Nepeta hederacea (L.) Trevis.
 Ground ivy,
Gill-over-the-ground,
Creeping Charlie 		Introduced,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS Tier: 4,
 iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [9],
 USGS: L48 invasive,
Widespread weed,
SNA, GNR
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-Xn
USDA-XX
COL
GBIF
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
Hyssopus[edit | edit source]
Hyssopus officinalis
Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis)
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Neptinae — Hyssopus
Hyssopus Hyssop N.Y. Status Images Distribution 1 NPT
1753. Hyssopus officinalis L.
2020. Hyssopus schleicheri G.Don ex Loudon
Hyssop
 Introduced
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
GBIF
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
Nepeta[edit | edit source]
Nepeta cataria L. catnip
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Neptinae — Nepeta
Nepeta Catnip N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 Catnip Introduced,
Widespread weed,
IO
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
 M.Bieb.
 Caucasus catmint Introduced,
Impersistent
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
 Lam.
    Nepeta racemosa Lam.
    Nepeta mussinii Spreng. ex Henckel
Racemed catnip
Persian catmint
 Introduced,
Impersistent
NYFA-X
USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
Meehania[edit | edit source]
Meehania cordata
Meehan's mint
Meehan's mint is native to the Appalachians from North Carolina to Pennsylvania. It doesn't appear to have naturalized in New York, though it is planted as a "native" groundcover.
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Nepetineae — Meehania
Meehania Meehan's mint N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Nutt.) Britton
1818. Dracocephalum cordatum Nutt.
1834. Cedronella cordata Benth.
1894. Meehania cordata (Nutt.) Britton
 Meehan's mint,
Creeping mint,
Trailing mint 		Introduced from
 Appalachians,
US South native,
No NY reports
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-0
USDA-N0
ITIS
Tropicos
NatureServe
BONAP
IPN
Images
Wikispecies
Subtribe Menthinae[edit | edit source]
The large Menthinae subtribe can ce separated into Old-World and New-World clades along the lines presented in Drew and Sytsma (2012).[1] However, many of the genera have been found to be polyphyletic, including Mentha and Clinopodium, which have New York species in both clades.
  1. ↑ Bryan T. Drew & Kenneth J. Sytsma (2012), Phylogenics, Biogeography, and Staminal Evolution in the tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae), American Journal of Botany 99(5): 933-953
Hedeoma[edit | edit source]
Hedeoma pulegioides
False-pennyroyal (Hedeoma species).
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Menthinae — Hedeoma
Hedeoma False-pennyroyal N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Pers. (1806)
    Cunila pulegioides
    Melissa pulegioides
    Ziziphora pulegioides
 American false pennyroyal,
American pennyroyal 		Native,
Secure
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies
 Pursh
 Rough false pennyroyal Native,
Threatened
NYFA-2-3
USDA-NN
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
Blephilia[edit | edit source]
Blephilia hirsuta
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Menthinae — Blephilia
Blephilia Pagoda-plant N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Pursh) Benth.
 Hairy pagoda plant,
Hairy woodmint 		Native, CoC: 6,
Likely secure,
S4, G5?
FACU
NYFA-4
USDA-NN
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
 (L.) Raf.
 Downy pagoda plant,
Downy woodmint,
Ohio horsemint,
Sunny woodmint 		Native,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1]
NYFA-1
USDA-NN
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
Monarda[edit | edit source]
Monarda fistulosa
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Menthinae — Monarda
Monarda Beebalm N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Monarda didyma L.
1797. Monarda purpurea Lam.
1815. Monarda oswegoensis W.P.C.Barton
 Oswego tea,
Scarlet beebalm,
Bee-balm,
Red bergamot,
Bergamot,
Mountain-mint
Monarde écarlate,
Monarde pourpre 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure,
DEC-D[1]
FAC-FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Sun - part shade
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Kew WCSP
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
BONAP
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 var. fistulosa
1753. Monarda fistulosa L.
1789. Monarda oblongata Aiton
1813. Monarda purpurea Pursh
1821. Monarda affinis Link
1826. Monarda scabra Beck
 Common wild bergamot,
Wild bergamot,
Wild bergamot bee-balm 		Native, CoC: 2,
Secure
FACU-UPL
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Sun - part shade
NYFA-5
USDA-N0
Kew WCSP
Kew POWO
Go Botany
VASCAN
BONAP
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 var. mollis (L.) L.
1756. Monarda mollis L.
1762. Monarda fistulosa var. mollis (L.) L.
    Monarda fistulosa var. mollis (L.) Benth.
1924. Monarda mollis fo. albiflora Farw.
1945. Monarda fistulosa fo. albiflora (Farw.) Sherff
 Pale wild bergamot Native, CoC: 2,
Likely secure
FACU-UPL
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-4-5
USDA-NN
GBIF
Kew WCSP
Kew POWO
Go Botany
VASCAN
BONAP
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 Willd.
  Monarda didyma ×
  Monarda fistulosa var. fistulosa.
1809. Monarda media Willd.
1878. Mondarda fistulosa var. media (Willd.) Gray
1895. Mondarda fistulosa fo. media (Willd.) Voss
 Purple wild bergamot,
Purple bergamot,
Purple horsemint
Monarde moyenne,
Monarde pourpre 		N. America native,
NY nativity unk.,
S1, G4?

Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-?
USDA-NN
Kew WCSP
Kew POWO
Go Botany
VASCAN
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 var. villicaulis (Pennell) Shinners
1919. Monarda punctata ssp. villicaulis Pennell
1953. Monarda punctata var. villicaulis (Pennell) Shinners
 Hairy horsemint,
Horsemint 		Native, CoC: 6,
Likely secure,
S4, G5T5?,
NSE: S4, T5
UPL,
Herb-forb
NYFA-4
USDA-NN
GBIF
WFO
Kew WCSP
Kew POWO
Go Botany
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 var. punctata
1753. Monarda punctata L.
1803. Monarda lutea Michx.
    Monarda punctata ssp. punctata L.
    Monarda punctata var. punctata L.
1896. Monarda punctata var. leucantha Nash
1935. Monarda punctata ssp. typica Epling
 Spotted beebalm,
Dotted horse mint 		Native, CoC: 10,
S1,
NSE: S2, T5
UPL,
Herb-forb
NYFA-1?
GBIF
WFO
Kew WCSP
Kew POWO
Go Botany
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
    Monarda clinopodia L.
    M. allophylla Michx.
    M. fistulosa var. clinopodia
Basil balm,
Basilbalm,
Basil bee-balm 		Native, CoC: 7,
Endangered,
DEC-A[2],
S1, G5,
NSE: S1, G5
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-1-2
USDA-N0
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.
  2. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
Pycnanthemum[edit | edit source]
Pycnanthemum tenuifolium
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Menthinae — Pycnanthemum
Pycnanthemum sect. Capitellatae Mountainmint N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
1809. Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrad.
 auct. Pycnanthemum flexuosum non (Walter) Britton et al.
 Narrowleaf mountainmint,
Slender mountain-mint 		Native,
Secure
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Sun - part shade
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
(L.) T.Durand & B.D.Jacks. ex B.L.Rob. & Fernald
1753. Satureja virginiana L.
1908. Pycnanthemum virginianum
(L.) T.Durand & B.D.Jacks. ex B.L.Rob. & Fernald
 Virginia mountain-mint Native,
Likely secure
FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Part shade
NYFA-4
USDA-NN
Go Botany
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 (Michx.) Pers.
var. verticillatum
1803. Brachystemum verticillatum Michx.
1806. Pycnanthemum verticillatum (Michx.) Pers.
1891. Koellia verticillata (Michx.) Kuntze
 Whorled mountain-mint Native,
Endangered
NYFA-1-2
USDA-NN
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
var. pilosum
yyyy. Koellia pilosa (Nutt.) Baill.
yyyy. Pycnanthemum pilosum Nutt.
 Whorled mountain-mint Introduced,
N. America native
NYFA-X
USDA-NN
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
Torrey's mountain mint Native,
Endangered
NYFA-1
USDA-N0
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
Pycnanthemum sect. Pycnanthemum Mountainmint N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Michx.
1753. Clinopodium incanum L.
1803. P. incanum (L.) Michx.
 Hoary mountain-mint Native,
Secure
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 Torr. & A. Gray
Koellia clinopodioides
 Basil mountain-mint Native,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1]
NYFA-1
USDA-N0
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
Pycnanthemum sect. Brachystemum Mountainmint N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Blunt mountain-mint Native,
Threatened,
DEC-B[2],
NYNHP: 2[3]
NYFA-2-3
USDA-N0
Go Botany
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
  2. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened.
  3. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Pycnanthemum muticum. Threatened, S2/G5.
Cunila[edit | edit source]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Menthinae — Cunila
Cunila Cunila N.Y. Status Images Distribution 1 NPT
 (L.) Britt.
Cunila mariana L.Mappia origanoides (L.) House
 Common dittany Native,
Likely secure
NYFA-4
USDA-
Images
Wikispecies
Mentha[edit | edit source]
Mentha canadensis
Mints (Mentha spp.) are widely cultivated aromatic herbs with about 40 taxa (20 species, 30 subspecies, and 10 hybrids worldwide.) worldwide.[1]

The only species of mint (Mentha) listed as native to New York is Mentha canadensis L. (sensu Tucker & Chambers, 2002) with 2n=96, which is believed to be an ancient hybrid of Mentha arvensis (2n=72) and Mentha longifolia (2n=24)[2]

  1. ↑ Vining Kelly J., Hummer Kim E., Bassil Nahla V., Lange B. Markus, Khoury Colin K., Carver Dan (2020). "Crop Wild Relatives as Germplasm Resource for Cultivar Improvement in Mint (Mentha L.)" Frontiers in Plant Science 11: 1217.
  2. ↑ Arthur Tucker & Henrietta Chambers (2002) "Mentha canadensis L. (Lamiaceae): A Relict Amphidiploid from the Lower Tertiary." Taxon 51(4):703.
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Menthinae — Mentha
Mentha Mint N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
  Mentha arvensis ×
  Mentha longifolia
1753. Mentha canadensis L.
1833. Mentha canadensis var. glabrata Benth.
1882. Mentha arvensis ssp. piperascens Malinv. ex Holmes
1891. Mentha arvensis var. canadensis (L.) Kuntze
1894. Mentha arvensis var. sachalinensis Briq.
1894. Mentha arvensis var. haplocalyx (Briq.) Briq.
1908. Mentha arvensis var. glabrata (Benth.) Fernald
1921. Mentha sachalinensis (Briq.) Kudô
1924. Mentha arvensis var. piperascenes Malinv. ex L.H.Bailey
1956. Mentha arvensis ssp. canadensis (L.) H. Hara
1956. Mentha arvensis ssp. piperascens (Malinv. ex Holmes) H.Hara
American wild mint
American corn mint
Canadian mint
Corn mint
Chinese mint
Japanese mint
 Native, CoC: 4
 North America and Asia,
Secure,
S5, G5,
NSE: S5, G5
FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
2n = 96
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
GBIF
Kew WCSP
Kew POWO
Go Botany
iNaturalist
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
Note: [1]
 L.
1753. Mentha arvensis L.
1753. Mentha gentilis L.
1764. Calamintha arvensis (L.) Garsault
1778. Mentha austriaca Jacq.
1827. Mentha arvensis ssp. parietariifolia (Becker) Briq.
Corn mint
European corn mint
Field mint
Wild mint
Ginger mint
Menthe des champs
 Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Naturalized,
SNA, G5,
NSE: SNR, G5
FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
2n = 72
NYFA-X
USDA-NN
GBIF
Kew WCSP
Kew POWO
Go Botany
iNaturalist
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Mentha spicata L
1763. Mentha viridis L.(L)
1890. Mentha sylvestris ssp. Viridis (L.) Batt.
 auct. Mentha cordifolia non Opiz ex Fresen.
 auct. Mentha longifolia non (L.) Huds.
Spearmint
Spear mint
 Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
 Invasive.org: [10],
 USGS: L48 invasive

NYFA: 38 counties
iNat: ? counties 		NYFA-X
USDA-XX
GBIF
Kew WCSP
Kew POWO
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
 Sole (pro sp.)
  Mentha arvensis ×
  Mentha spicata
1753. Mentha gentilis L.
1798. Mentha gracilis Sole
1822. Mentha gracilis var. cardiaca Gray
1865. Mentha cardiaca (Gray) Gerarde ex Baker
1896. Mentha gentilis var. cardiaca (Baker) Briq.
 auct. Mentha × muelleriana non F.W.Schultz
Bushy mint
Scotch spearmint
Gingermint
Creeping whorled mint
 Introduced from
 Europe,
Potentially invasive,
 Invasive.org: [11],
 USGS: L48 established
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
GBIF
Kew WCSP
Kew POWO
iNaturalist
Images
Wikispecies
 L. (pro sp.)
  Mentha aquatica ×
  Mentha spicata
1753. Mentha piperita L.
1836. Mentha aquatica fo. piperita (L.) G.Mey.
1866. Mentha aquatica var. piperita (L.) Alef.
 Peppermint Introduced
NYFA-X
USDA-NN
GBIF
Kew WCSP
Kew POWO
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 var. aquatica
1753. Mentha aquatica L.
 Water mint Introduced
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 var. citrata (Ehrh.) W.C. Werner
1792. Mentha citrata Ehrh.
1828. Mentha aquatica fo. citrata (Ehrh.) Fresen.
1889. Mentha piperita ssp. citrata (Ehrh.) Briq.
1893. Mentha aquatica var. citrata (Ehrh.) W. C. Werner
1903. Mentha × piperi var. citrata (Ehrh.) Briq.
Orange mint
 Introduced,
Naturalized

NYFA: Tompkins (1920)
iNat: ? counties 		NYFA-Xn
GBIF
iNaturalist
Images
Wikispecies
 (L.) Huds. (pro sp.)
  Mentha longifolia ×
  Mentha suaveolens
 Peppermint Introduced
NYFA-X
USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
 Huds. (pro sp.)
  Mentha spicata ×
  Mentha suaveolens
    M. alopecuroides Hull
    M. nemorosa Willd.
 Foxtail mint Introduced

USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Mentha pulegium L.
1796. Mentha aromatica Salisb.
1812. Thymus bidentatus Stokes
1827. Mentha pulegioides Dumort.
1844. Melissa pulegium (L.) Griseb.
Pennyroyal
Penny-royal
 Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
 iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [12],
 USGS: L48 invasive,
Naturalized,
SNA,
NSE: SNR
OBL

NYFA: Cortland (1977)
iNat: No observations 		NYFA-Xn
GBIF
iNaturalist
Images
Wikispecies
 Ehrh.
1792. Mentha suaveolens Ehrh.
1900. Mentha rotundifolia var. suaveolens (Ehrh.) Briq.
1975. Mentha graveolens R.Vilm. & M.Barbero
Apple mint
 Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
 iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [13],
 USGS: L48 invasive,
Not in NY Flora Atlas,
NSE: Exotic in NY

NYFA: not listed
iNat: 2 counties 		NYFA-Excluded
GBIF
iNaturalist
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ The USDA-NRCS PLANTS database and ITIS treat Mentha canadensis as a synonym of Mentha arvensis, while the New York Flora Atlas and ARS-GRIN treat them as separate species.
Clinopodium[edit | edit source]
Clinopodium vulgare
wild basil
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Menthinae — Clinopodium
Clinopodium Clinopodium N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Clinopodium vulgare L.
1835. Calamintha clinopodium Spenn.
1882. Calamintha vulgaris (L.) H. Karst.
1897. Satureja vulgaris
 Wild basil,
Field basil 		Native, CoC: 0,
Secure,
Questionable[1]
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-X
USDA-NN
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
 (Nutt.) House
1836. Hedeoma arkansana Nutt.
1891. Clinopodium glabrum (Nutt.) Kuntze
1896. Satureja arkansana (Nutt.) Briq.
1921. Clinopodium arkansanum (Nutt.) House
1940. Satureja glabella var. angustifolia (Torr.) Svenson
1955. Calamintha glabella var. angustifolia (Torr.) DeWolf
1962. Calamintha arkansana (Nutt.) Shinners
 Limestone calamint,
Low calamint 		Native,
Likely extirpated,
N. America native
NYFA-Z
USDA-NN
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
Note: [2]
 (L.) House
1753. Thymus acinos L.
1794. Acinos thymoides Moench
1811. Calamintha acinos (L.) Clairv.
1843. Satureja acinos (L.) Scheele
1891. Clinopodium acinos (L.) Kuntze
1946. Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy
Basil thyme,
Mother of thyme 		Introduced
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 (L.) Kuntze
1753. Melissa nepeta L.
1798. Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi
1843. Satureja calamintha (L.) Scheele
1891. Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze
1896. Satureja calamintha var. nepeta (L.) Briq.
 Field balm,
Lesser calamint 		Introduced,
Impersistent
NYFA-X
USDA-X0
iNaturalist
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ NYFA lists Clinopodium vulgare with an "Unknown Native Status." Other sources list it as circumboreal, native as far south as North Carolina.
  2. ↑ NYFA lists Clinopodium glabrum as Calamintha arkansana (Nutt.) Shinners. USDA-NRCS PLANTS uses Clinopodium arkansanum (Nutt.) House. ITIS and ARS-GRIN both use Clinopodium glabrum (Nutt.) Kuntze.
Satureja[edit | edit source]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Menthinae — Satureja
Satureja Savory N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L. (1753)
 Summer savory,
Savourée,
Sarriette des jardins 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Not naturalized
NYFA-X
USDA-XW
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 Winter savory Introduced from
 Mediterranean,
N.Y. excluded
NYFA-Excluded
Images
Wikispecies
Origanum[edit | edit source]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Menthinae — Origanum
Origanum Origanum N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Origanum vulgare L.
1867. Thymus origanum (L.) Kuntze
1934. Micromeria formosana C.Marquand
 Wild marjoram,
Marjoram,
Oregano,
Organy 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Naturalized
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
Thymus[edit | edit source]
Thymus pulegioides
Large thyme (Thymus pulegioides) is a common garden escapee in the northeast, while garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris), though often cultivated, rarely escapes and has not been found to naturalize.
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Menthinae — Thymus
Thymus Thyme N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Thymus pulegioides L.
 auct. Thymus serpyllum L. misapplied
Large thyme
Lemon thyme
Wild thyme
Broad-leaved thyme
 Introduced from
 Europe,
Naturalized,
SNA, GNR
Perennial,
Shrub-subshrub
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
Thymus (excluded taxa) Thyme N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 Garden thyme Introduced,
Exclueded
excluded 		NYFA-Excluded
USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 Breckland thyme Introduced,
Exclueded
excluded 		NYFA-Excluded
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies

Tribe Ocimeae[edit | edit source]

Lavandula[edit | edit source]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Ocimeae — Lavandula
Lavandula Lavender N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
English lavender Introduced
NYFA-X
USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
Ocimum[edit | edit source]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Ocimeae — Ocimum
Ocimum Basil N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 Sweet basil Introduced,
Impersistent
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
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