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Flora of New York/Lamiales 2

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Lamiales 1:
Oleaceae

Scrophulariaceae
Flora of New York — Lamiales 2: : Lamiaceae
Lamiales 3:
Mazaceae

Lentibulariaceae
Table of
contents
Genus
index
Protected species index Invasive species index


Family Lamiaceae

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The Lamiaceae (mint family) is the sixth largest family of the flowering-plants.[1]

Subfamily Viticoideae

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Although no members of the Viticoideae (sage subfamily) have yet been verified outside of cultivation in New York, the beach vitex has been documented as having the potential to be highly invasive in the Long Island region. The genus Callicarpa is included here only for convenience, as it is currently unplaced within the Lamiaceae but is said to be "allied" to the Viticoideae.[1]

Callicarpa americana has also not been found to have naturalized in New York, but it is cultivated and sold in the "native plant" trade.


Vitex

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Vitex rotundifolia
Vitex rotundifolia (beach vitex) is listed as potentially being highly invasive in New York. It was introduced in the southeasterm US for beach stabilizaiton but is now banned in most areas,[1] including New York State.[2]

There appear to have been no East Coast reports north of southern New Jersey.


Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Viticoideae — Vitex
Genus Vitex Chaste-tree N.Y. Status Images Distribution NPT
L.

    Vitex agnus-castus L.
Lilac chaste tree

Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [1],
 USGS: L48 established

NYFA: Not in Flora Atlas
iNat:
GBIF
6 counties

USDA-X0
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Wikispecies
L.f.

1782. Vitex rotundifolia L.f.
1784. Vitex ovata Thunb.
1847. Vitex trifoliavar. unifoliolata
1891. Vitex ovatavar. subtrisecta
1903. Vitex trifoliavar. ovata
1959. Vitex trifoliavar. simplicifolia
Beach vitex,
Roundleaf chaste-tree,
Chasteberry,
Monk's pepper
Introduced from
 western Pacific,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS: 73%[1],
 USGS: L48 established

Perennial,
Shrub
no NY reports
iNat
GBIF

USDA-X0
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VASCAN-0
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CABI
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Callicarpa

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Callicarpa americana
American beautyberry is native to the Southeast and occasionally planted in New York as a "native" shrub, but its has not been known to naturalize in the Northeast.
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Viticoideae — Callicarpa
Genus Callicarpa Beautyberry N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Callicarpa americana L.
1755. Burchardia americana (L.) Duhamel
American beautyberry,
Beauty-berry,
French mulberry
Introduced from
 southeastern US,
US South native

NYFA: 0
NYFA: xx counties
xx counties

USDA-N0
ARS-GRIN
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(Lour.) K.Koch

1790. Porphyra dichotoma Lour.
1872. Callicarpa dichotoma (Lour.) K.Koch
Purple beauty-berry

Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
 GRIIS-US: Invasive,
Uncertain naturalization

NYFA: xx counties
iNat
GBIF
xx counties

Images
Wikispecies

Subfamily Ajugoideae

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The Ajugoideae (bugle subfamily).

Trichostema

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Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Ajugoideae — Ajugeae — Trichostema
Genus Trichostemasect. Trichostema Bluecurls N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Trichostema dichotomum L.
1821. Trichostema pilosum Roth
1937. T. dichotomum  var. puberulum  Fernald & Griscom
Forked bluecurls,
Bastard pennyroyal,
Common blue curls,
Blue curls
Trichostème fourchu
Native,
Secure

NYFA: 5

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1778. Trichostema setaceum Houtt.
1788. T. lineare Walter
1814. T. dichotomum  var. lineare  (Walter) Pursh
1818. T. lineare Nutt.
Narrowleaf bluecurls,
Narrow-leaved blue-curls
Native,
Endangered

NYFA: 1

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Genus Trichostemasect. Orthopodium Bluecurls N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Trichostema brachiatum L.
1803. Isanthus coeruleus Michx.
1888. Isanthus brachiatus B.S.P.
[1]
1933. Isanthus brachiatusvar. linearis
1943. Tetraclea viscida Lundell
Fluxweed,
False pennyroyal,
Glade blue curls,
Pennyroyal blue curls
Native,
Rare

NYFA: 3

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  1. Weakley (2005) suggests that Trichostema sect. Orthopodium could be moved to Isanthus, which would return Trichostema brachiatum to Isanthus brachiatus. Weakley, Alan. 2005. Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia. Working draft. June 10, 2005. University of North Carolina Herbarium, Chapel Hill, NC.

Ajuga

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Ajuga reptans L.
carpet bugle
Ajuga, or bugleweed, contains about 40 species of herbaceous plants, none of which are native to North America. The two species Ajuga reptans and to a lesser extent Ajuga genevensis have been found to naturalize in New York State.
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Ajugoideae — Ajugeae — Ajuga
Genus Ajuga Bugle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Ajuga reptans L.
Carpet bugle,
Common bugle,
Blue bugle
Bugle rampante
Introduced,
Widespread weed,
CP-5[1],
NE-3[2]

NYFA: X
GBIF

USDA-XX
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 L.

1753. Ajuga genevensis L.
Erect bugle,
Standing bugle,
Geneva bugle
Introduced

NYFA: X
GBIF

USDA-XX
WFO
Images
Wikispecies
  1. Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)
  2. Category 3 Plants - widespread non-native species - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Teucrium

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Teucrium canadense L.
American germander

Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Ajugoideae — Teucrieae — Teucrium
Genus Teucrium Germander N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Teucrium canadense L.
1829. T. canadense  var. virginicum  (L.) Eaton
1878. T. occidentale A. Gray
1901. T. boreale E.P. Bicknell
1901. T. littorale E.P. Bicknell
1908. T. canadense  var. littorale  (E.P. Bicknell) Fernald
1946. T. canadense  var. occidentale  (A. Gray) E. M. McClint. & Epling
1963. T. canadense  var. boreale  (E.P. Bicknell) Shinners
American germander
Canada germander
Canadian germander
Hairy germander
Western germander
Wood sage

Germandrée du Canada
Native, CoC: 4,
Secure

FACW

Perennial,
Herb=forb,
Part shade

NYFA: 5

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 L.

1753. Teucrium botrys L.
Cutleaf germander,
Cut-leaved germander,
Cut-leaf germander
Introduced from
 Europe,
Possibly naturalized

NYFA: X

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Clerodendrum

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Clerodendrum trichotomum
Although Clerodendrum trichotomum (harlequin glorybower) is now listed in Suffolk County in the New York Flora Atlas. It has been cultivated, and there are reports of it naturalizing in eastern Long Island.[1] It is listed as Invasive Species Tier 5 (Monitor) in the Lower Hudson and Long Island PRISMs.[2]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Clerodendrum
Genus Clerodendrum Glorybower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Thunb.

1784. Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb.
Harlequin glory-bower
Harlequin glorybower
Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
 NYIS Tier: (5),
 Invasive.org: [2],
 GRIIS-US: established (category C3),
SNA, GNR

Perennial,
Shrub,
Heliophily: 5

NYFA: Suffolk (2021)
iNat: 6 counties
GBIF: present in NY

FSUS
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Subfamily Scutellarioideae

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Scutellaria
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Scutellaria galericulata
Skullcap (Scutellaria) contains about eight species that are or have been found in New York. Several of these are presumed to be extirpated in the state.
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Scutellarioideae — Scutellaria
Genus Scutellaria Skullcap N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.

1753. Scutellaria galericulata L. Sp. Pl.:599
1771. Cassida galericulata (L.) Scop. in Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1:430
1782. Cassida major Gilib. in Fl. Lit. Inch. 1:90, opus utique oppr.
1825. Scutellaria adamsii Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 2:701
1832. Scutellaria epilobiifolia A.Ham. in Esq. Monogr. Scutellaria:32
1834. Scutellaria galericulata var. vulgaris Benth. in Labiat. Gen. Spec., not validly publ.
1873. Scutellaria pauciflora Pant. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 23:266

Marsh skullcap
Hooded skullcap
Willowherb skullcap
Scutellaire toque
Grande toque
Scutellaire à casque
Scutellaire à grande fleur
Tertianaire
Scutellaire à feuilles d'épilobe
Native, CoC: 6,
Secure,
S5, G5

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Heliophily: 7

NYFA: 53 counties
iNat: 50 counties
GBIF: present in NY

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 L.

Mad dog skullcap
Mad-dog skullcap
Blue skullcap
Tall blue skullcap
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure,
S5, G5

OBL-FACW

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Heliophily: 6

NYFA: 56 counties

USDA-NN
POWO
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 Michx.
 var. parvula

Small skullcap Native, CoC: 8,
Rare,
DEC-C[1]

NYFA: 3

USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
 var. missouriensis

Leonard's skullcap Native, CoC: 10,
No recent reports,
S1, G4-T4

FACU-UPL

NYFA: Z

USDA-NN
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 Biehler
 var. incana

Hoary skullcap,
Downy skullcap
Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
No recent reports,
DEC-A[2],
SH, G5

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: Cattaraugus 1934
iNat: 6 counties
GBIF: present in NY

USDA-N0
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 L.

Hyssop skullcap
Helmet flower
Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
DEC-A[2],
S1, G5,
NYNHP: S1[3]

FACW

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 1

USDA-N0
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 Muhl. ex Spreng.
var. elliptica

    Scutellaria ovalifolia Pers.
    Scutellaria pilosa Michx.
Hairy skullcap Native, CoC: 10,
Likely extirpated

NYFA: Z

USDA-N0
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 Pursh

Veined skullcap Native, CoC: 10,
Likely extirpated

NYFA: Z

USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies

Showy skullcap Native, CoC: 10,
No recent reports

NYFA: Z

Images
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 Fernald

Scutellaria galericulata ×
Scutellaria lateriflora

Skullcap Native,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

USDA-NN
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Subfamily Lamioideae

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Tribe Marrubieae

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Ballota
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Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Lamioideae — Marrubieae — Ballota
Genus Ballota Horehound N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
ssp. foetida (Koch) Hayek

1929. Ballota nigrassp. foetida
    Ballota nigravar. alba
    Ballota nigravar. foetida
    Ballota borealis Schweigg.
Black horehound,
Fetid horehound
Ballote vulgaire,
Ballote noire,
Marrube noire
Introduced from
 Europe,
 northern Africa

NYFA: X

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Marrubium
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Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Lamioideae — Marrubieae — Marrubium
Genus Marrubium Horehound N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

White horehound Introduced

NYFA: X
GBIF

USDA-XX
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L.

    Marrubium peregrinum L.
Horehound

Introduced,
Not naturalized

NYFA: Xm
NYFA: Bronx (1899)
iNat
No observations

Images
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Moluccella
[edit | edit source]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Lamioideae — Marrubieae — Moluccella
Genus Moluccella Moluccella N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

Shellflower Introduced,
Impersistent

NYFA: X

USDA-XW
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Tribe Lamieae

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Lamium
[edit | edit source]
Lamium galeobdolon
Lamium species are commonly known as dead-nettles and are native to Eurasia and northern Africa. About six of these species have naturalized in New York.
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Lamioideae — Lamieae — Lamium
Genus Lamium Deadnettle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) L.

1753. Galeopsis galeobdolon L.
1759. Lamium galeobdolon (L.) L.
1778. Galeobdolon luteum Huds.
1966. Lamiastrum galeobdolon Ehren. & Polatschek
Yellow archangel,
Yellow henbit,
Aluminum plant,
Artillery plant
Lamier jaune,
Ortie jaune,
Lamier doré
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Invasive,
 NYIS Tier: U, LH: 5,
iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [3],
 USGS: L48 invasive,
Weed[1]

NYFA: X
NYFA: 5 counties
GBIF
~30 counties

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 (L.) L.

1753. Lamium albumvar. maculatum L.
1763. Lamium maculatum L.
Spotted deadnettle,
Spotted henbit,
Variegated deadnettle
Lamier maculé,
Lamier tacheté
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Widespread weed,
 Invasive.org: [4],
 USGS: L48 invasive,
NE-3[2]

NYFA: X
GBIF

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 L.
 var. purpureum

1753. Lamium purpureum L.
1852. Lamiopsis purpurea (L.) Opiz
Purple deadnettle,
Red hanbit,
Red deadnettle
Introduced,
Widespread weed,
 USGS: L48 invasive

NYFA: X
GBIF

USDA-XX
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 L.
 var. hybridum (Vill.) Vill.

1786. Lamium hybridum Vill.
1787. Lamium purpureum  var. hybridum  (Vill.) Vill.
1796. Lamium dissectum With.
1806. Lamium purpureum  var. incisum  (Willd.) Pers.
1881. Lamium hybridum  ssp. hybridum  (With.) Nyman
1927. Lamium hybridum  ssp. dissectum  (With.) Gams
1927. Lamium hybridum  var. dissectum  (With.) Gams
Hybrid deadnettle,
Purple deadnettle,
Red deadnettle,
Red hanbit
Introduced

NYFA: X

USDA-XX
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 L.

1753. Lamium amplexicaule L.
1960. Lamium amplexicaule  var. album  Pickens & M.C.W.Pickens
Henbit deadnettle,
Common dead-nettle,
Common henbit,
Clasping henbit
Introduced from
 Eurasia, n. Africa,
Potentially invasive,
 USGS: L48 invasive

NYFA: X
GBIF

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 L.
 ssp. album

1753. Lamium album L.
White deadnettle,
White-nettle,
White henbit,
Snowflake
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Unknown naturalization
Albany, Allegany, Herkimer, Tompkins (1925), Washington
NYFA: X

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Tribe Leonureae

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Leonurus
[edit | edit source]
Leonurus cardiaca
Motherwort
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Lamioideae — Leonureae — Leonurus
Genus Leonurus Motherwort N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Leonurus cardiaca L.
1830. Leonurus glaucescens Bunge
1849. Leonurus cardiacavar. villosus
1874. Lamium cardiaca (L.) Baill.
1945. Leonurus cardiacassp. villosus
Common mother-wort
Motherwort
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Widespread weed,
 Invasive.org: [5],
NE-3[1]

NYFA: X

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 Houtt.

1753. Leonurus sibiricus L. misapplied
1778. Leonurus japonicus Houtt.
Chinese motherwort
Honeyweed
Siberian motherwort
Introduced

NYFA: X
NYFA: Queens (2013)
Queens (2020), Rockland (2021)

USDA-X0
COL
Images
Wikispecies
  1. Category 3 Plants - widespread non-native species - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service
Chaiturus
[edit | edit source]
Leonurus marrubiastrum
False motherwort
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Lamioideae — Leonureae — Chaiturus
Genus Chaiturus Lion's tail N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Ehrh. ex Rchb.

1753. Leonurus marrubiastrum L.
1771. Cardiaca marrubiastrum (L.) Schreb.
1787. Chaiturus leonuroides Willd. (nom. superfl.)
1796. Leonurus parviflorus Salisb. (nom. illeg.)
1831. Chaiturus marrubiastrum (L.) Ehrh. ex Rchb.
1839. Chaiturus marrubiastrum (L.) Spenn.
1844. Leonurus marrubiastrum  var. simplicissimus  K.Koch
1880. Leonurus marrubifolius St.-Lag.
1889. Chaiturus marrubifolius St.-Lag.
False motherwort
Lion's tail
Introduced,
Not naturalized

NYFA: X
NYFA: Ulster (1897)
iNat
Sullivan (2020), Ulster (2020)

USDA-X0
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Tribe Phlomideae

[edit | edit source]
Phlomis
[edit | edit source]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Lamioideae — Phlomideae — Phlomis
Genus Phlomis Jerusalem-sage N.Y. Status Images Distribution NPT
 L.

1753. Phlomis tuberosa L.
1794. Phlomoides tuberosa (L.) Moench
1824. Leonotis tuberosa (L.) Hoffmanns.
1829. Phlomidopsis tuberosa (L.) Link
1837. Trambis tuberosa (L.) Raf.
1843. Phlomitis tuberosa (L.) Rchb.
ex T.Nees
Tuberous Jerusalem sage,
Jerusalem sage
Sauge de Jérusalem
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Unk. naturalization

NYFA: X

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Tribe Synandreae

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Physostegia
[edit | edit source]
Physostegia virginiana
The only native or naturalized member of Physostegia found in New York is P. virginiana, the commonly-cultivated northern obedient-plant. Although it is considered native to New York, most populations are probably the result of naturalized escapes.[1]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Lamioideae — Synandreae — Physostegia
Genus Physostegia Lionsheart N.Y. Status Images Distribution NPT
 (L.) Benth.
ssp. virginiana

1753. Dracocephalum virginianum L.
1789. Dracocephalum denticulatum Aiton
1830. Physostegia speciosa Sweet
1834. Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth.
1908. Physostegia formosior Lunell
1931. Dracocephalum formosius Rydb.
1982. P. virginianassp. virginiana autonym
Obedient plant,
False dragon-head,
Obedient false dragon-head,
Virginia false dragon-head
Physostégie de Virginie
Native, CoC: 9,
Secure,
S5, G5

FACW-FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5

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Tribe Stachydeae

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Stachys
[edit | edit source]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Lamioideae — Stachydeae — Stachys
Genus Stachys Hedgenettle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Pursh

1800. Stachys tenuifolia Willd. (misappl.)
1814. Stachys hispida Pursh
1836. Stachys glabra Riddell
1920. Stachys palustris  var. macrocalyx  Jenn.
1943. Stachys tenuifolia  var. platyphylla  Fernald
1943. Stachys tenuifolia  var. perlonga  Fernald
1943. Stachys tenuifolia  var. hispida  Fernald
1972. Stachys palustris  var. hispida  B.Boivin
1982. Stachys pilosa  ssp. hispida  (Pursh) Á.Löve & D.Löve
Hispid hedgenettle,
Smooth hedge-nettle,
Slender betony
Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4
iNat
GBIF

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 Michx.
var. hyssopifolia

    Stachys hyssopifolia Michx.
    Stachys atlantica Britton
    Stachys lythroides Small
Hyssopleaf hedgenettle,
Hyssop-leaved hedge-nettle
Native,
Threatened

NYFA: 2

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Nutt.
 var. pilosa

1834. Stachys pilosa Nutt.
1900. Stachys palustris  var. homotricha  Fernald
1909. Stachys asperrima Rydb.
1920. Stachys palustris  var. nipigonenis  Jenn.
1934. Stachys palustris  ssp. pilosa  (Nutt.) Epling
1943. Stachys palustris  var. pilosa  (Nutt.) Fernald
Hairy hedgenettle
Hairy hedge nettle
hairy hedge-nettle

Native, CoC: 3,
Unranked

NYFA: Nu
NYFA: Essex (1940)
? counties

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Nutt.
var. arenicola (Britton) G.A.Mulligan & D.B.Munro

1901. Stachys arenicola Britton
1931. Stachys brevidens Rydb.
1989. Stachys pilosa  var. arenicola  (Britton) G.A.Mulligan & D.B.Munro
Marsh hedge-nettle
Sand hedge nettle

Native, CoC: 0,
Very rare,
S1

NYFA: N1
NYFA: Cattaraugus (1929)
iNat
GBIF
Cortland (2018)

COL
WFO
Kew WCSP
POWO
Images
Wikispecies
 L.

1753. Stachys palustris L.
1849. S. palustrisvar. elliptica Clos
1879. S. palustrisvar. petiolata T.Durand
1881. S. palustrisvar. segetum Nyman
1908. S. palustrisvar. homotricha Fernald
Marsh hedge-nettle,
Marsh woundwort,
Marsh betony
Épaire des marais,
Crapaudine
Introduced from
 Eurasia

NYFA: X

USDA-NX
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 K.Koch

Woolly hedgenettle,
Lamb's ears,
Epiaire laineuse
Introduced from
 temperate Asia,
 USGS: L48 established

NYFA: X
GBIF

USDA-XX
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Wikispecies
 L.

1753. Stachys sylvatica L.
Whitespot,
Woodland hedge-nettle,
Hedge woundwort
Épaire des bois,
Épaire des forêts
Introduced from
 Eurasia

NYFA: X

USDA-XX
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
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Wikispecies
 (L.) L.

1753. Betonica annua L.
1763. Stachys annua (L.) L.
Annual hedgenettle
Épiaire annuelle
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Impersistent

NYFA: Xm

USDA-XW
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 Bunge

1833. Stachys affinis Bunge
1865. Stachys sieboldii Miq.
[1]
1887. Stachys tuberifera Naudin
Artichoke betony,
Chinese artichoke,
Crosne du Japon
Introduced from
 China,
Impersistent

NYFA: Xm

USDA-X0
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ITIS
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 (L.) L.

1753. Glechoma arvensis L.
1763. Stachys arvensis (L.) L.
1778. Cardiaca arvensis (L.) Lam.
Field hedgenettle,
Staggerweed,
Field woundwort
Épiaire des champs
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 N. Africa,
Impersistent

NYFA: Xm

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 (K. Koch) Stearn

1800. Betonica grandiflora Stephan
ex Willd.
1834. S. grandiflora (Willd.) Benth. hom.
1849. Betonica macrantha K.Koch
1951. Stachys macrantha (K.Koch) Stearn
Big-sage Introduced from
 temperate Asia,
Impersistent,
No specimens

NYFA: Xm

USDA-X0
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
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Wikispecies
 (L.) Trevis.

1753. Betonica officinalis L.
1834. Stachys betonica Benth.
Common hedgenettle Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 N.Africa,
Impersistent

NYFA: X

USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
 Riddell

1848. Stachys nuttallii Shuttlw. ex Benth.
1903. Stachys salvioides Small
1920. Stachys riddellii House
1927. Stachys subcordata Rydb.
1936. Stachys cordata Riddell
Heartleaf hedgenettle,
Heart-leaved
  hedge-nettle
Introduced,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

USDA-X0
ITIS
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies

Tribe Galeopseae

[edit | edit source]
Tribe Galeopseae (Dumort.) Vis.[1]
Galeopsis
[edit | edit source]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Lamioideae — uncertain — Galeopsis
Genus Galeopsis Hempnettle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Boenn.

1824. Galeopsis bifida Boenn.
1831. G. tetrahitvar. bifida
1848. G. tetrahitvar. parviflora
1881. G. tetrahitssp. bifida
1921. G. bifidavar. emarginata
1929. G. tetrahitvar. bifida
Notched hemp-nettle,
Bifid-lip hempnettle,
Splitlip hempnettle,
Common hempnettle
Galéopside bifide,
Galéopsis bifide
Introduced,
Naturalized,
Widespread

NYFA: X

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 L.

1753. Galeopsis tetrahit L.
1763. Lamium tetrahit (L.) Crantz
1771. G. tetrahitvar. tetrahit
1794. Tetrahit nodosum (L.) Moench
1821. G. nodosum (Moench) Gray (i)
1862. G. tetrahitssp. tetrahit
1891. Ladanum tetrahit (L.) Kuntze
Common hempnettle,
Common hemp-nettle,
Brittle-stemmed hemp-nettle,
Brittlestem hempnettle,
Dog nettle,
Ironwort
Galéopside à tige carrée,
Galéopside tétrahit,
Ortie royale
Introduced from
 Europe,
Naturalized

NYFA: X

USDA-XX
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 L.

1753. Galeopsis ladanum L.
    
    
Broad-leaved hemp-nettle,
Broadleaf hempnettle,
Hemp nettle
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Not naturalized

NYFA: X

USDA-XX
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Images
Wikispecies
 Ehrh. ex Hoffm.

    G. angustifolia Ehrh. ex Hoffm.
    G. ladanumvar. angustifolia
    
Narrow-leaved hemp-nettle,
Narrowleaf hempnettle
Introduced,
Not naturalized

NYFA: Xm

USDA-X0
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Subfamily Nepetoideae

[edit | edit source]

Tribe Elsholtzieae

[edit | edit source]
Collinsonia
[edit | edit source]
Collinsonia canadensis
stoneroot, horsebalm, richweed

Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Elsholtzieae — Collinsonia
Genus Collinsonia Horsebalm N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.

1753. Collinsonia canadensis L.
Stoneroot,
Horsebalm,
Canada horse-balm,
Northern horsebalm,
Richweed,
Citronella,
Citronella horse balm
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5

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Elsholtzia
[edit | edit source]
Elsholtzia ciliata
crested late-summer mint
Elsholtzia ciliata (crested late-summer mint) is listed as invasive in Connecticut.[1]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Elsholtzieae — Elsholtzia
Genus Elsholtzia Elsholtzia N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Thunb.) Hyl.

Elsholtzia cristata
Crested elsholtzia,
Crested latesummer mint,
Crested late-summer mint,
Vietnamese balm
Introduced from
 Asia,
Potentially invasive

NYFA: X

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Perilla
[edit | edit source]
Perilla frutescens
beefsteak plant

Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Elsholtzieae — Perilla
Genus Perilla Perilla-mint N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Britton
var. frutescens

1753. Ocimum frutescens L.
1764. Perilla ocymoides L. superfl.
1856. Perilla ocymoides  var. japonica  Hassk.
1939. Salvia infuscata Epling
1948. Perilla frutescens  var. japonica  (Hassk.) H.Hara
Beefsteak plant
Beefsteakplant
Perilla-mint
Wild sesame
Introduced,
Naturalized

FAC

Annual,
Herb-forb

NYFA: X

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 (L.) Britton
var. crispa (Benth.) W. Deane

1784. Ocimum crispum Thunb.
1848. Perilla ocymoides  var. crispa  Benth.
1848. Perilla arguta Benth.
1923. Perilla frutescens  var. crispa  (Benth.) W. Deane
Crisped beefsteak plant
Shiso
Beefsteakplant
Introduced,
Unk. naturalization

FAC

Annual,
Herb-forb

NYFA: X

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Tribe Mentheae

[edit | edit source]
Mentheae is the largest Lamiaceae tribe and contains the herbs sage, thyme, and of course mint. The subtribes used here are from Drew & Sytsma (2012).[1]
Subtribe Salviinae
[edit | edit source]
Salvia
[edit | edit source]
Salvia lyrata
Salvia is the largest genus in the Lamiaceae. Its only native species, Salvia lyrata, is listed as Endangered but has not been reported in the state recently.
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Salviinae — Salvia
Genus Salvia Sage N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.

1753. Salvia lyrata L.
1768. Horminum lyratum (L.) Mill.
1837. Larnastyra lyrata (L.) Raf.
1828. Cunila lyrata (L.) Schrank
Lyre-leaved sage,
Lyreleaf sage,
Cancerweed
Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
No recent reports,
SH, G5

FACW-FACU

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Sun - part shade
Orange (1990),
Rockland (1990),
Ulster,
Westchester (1898)
NYFA: Z

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 Michx. ex Lam.
var. grandiflora Benth.

1833. Salvia pitcheri Torr. ex Benth.
1848. Salvia azureavar. grandiflora
1894. Salvia azureavar. pitcheri
1939. Salvia azureassp. pitcheri
1939. Salvia azureassp. intermedia
Blue sage,
Pitcher sage,
Pitcher's sage
Introduced from
 southern U.S.,
N. America native
Suffolk (1941)
NYFA: X

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 Hornem.

1806. Salvia lanceolata Brouss.
1807. Salvia reflexa Hornem.
Lance-leaved sage,
Rocky Mountain sage,
Blue sage,
Lambsleaf sage,
Sage mint
Introduced from
 great plains,
N. America native
Albany (1994),
Madison (1940),
Oswego (2003),
St. Lawrence (1994),
Suffolk (2001)
NYFA: X

USDA-NW
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Images
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 L.

1753. Salvia glutinosa L.
    
    
Sticky sage,
Jupiter's sage,
Jupiter's distaff
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Potentially invasive,
iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [6],
 USGS: L48 established,
Naturalized[1]
Dutchess (2010)
NYFA: Xn
GBIF

USDA-X0
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 Benth.

    
    
    
Wood sage Introduced,
Unk. naturalization

NYFA: X

Images
Wikispecies
 L.

    
    
    
Kitchen sage Introduced

NYFA: X

USDA-XW
Images
Wikispecies
 L.

    
    
    
Meadow sage
Meadow clary
Introduced sage

Sauge des près
Introduced,
Naturalized

NYFA: X

USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
 L.

    
    
    
Lilac sage Introduced

NYFA: X

USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Salvia(excluded species) Sage N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.

    
    
    
Clary
Clary sage
Europe sage

Sauge sclarée
Sclarée
Toute-bonne
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

USDA-XW
Images
Wikispecies

    
    
    
Silver sage Introduced,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
 L.

    
    
    
Nodding sage Introduced,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
L. (pro. sp)

Salvia nemorosa ×
Salvia pratensis

    
    
    
Hybrid of
 wood sage &
 meadow sage
Introduced,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

Images
Wikispecies
  1. Nava M. Tabak (2011). Salvia glutinosa (Lamiaceae) naturalized in southeastern New York. Rhodora 113: 220-224.
Melissa
[edit | edit source]
Melissa officinalis

Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Salviinae — Melissa
Genus Melissa Balm N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.

    Melissa officinalis L.
Lemonbalm
Lemon balm
Common balm
Garden balm
Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
 Invasive.org: [7],
 USGS: L48 invasive,
Naturalized,
SNA, GNR

UPL

Perennial,
Heerb-forb

NYFA: X
iNat
GBIF

USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
Subtribe Prunellinae
[edit | edit source]
Prunella
[edit | edit source]
Prunella vulgaris
In New York, Prunella (self-heal or heal-all) consists primarily of the single species Prunella vulgaris, which (depending on the source) has two subspecies present: the Eurasian P. vulgaris ssp. vulgaris and the North American P. vulgaris ssp. lanceolata.
Prunella vulgaris self-heal middle cauline (mid-stem) leaves growth form
base shape leaf shape length/width ratio
ssp. lanceolata American cuniate (wedge-shape) lanceolate to oblong 2.0 - 5.0 (avg. 3.0) upright or reclining, tips ascending
ssp. vulgaris Eurasian rounded ovate to ovate-oblong 1.5 - 2.5 (avg. 2.0) flat on ground
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Prunellinae — Prunella
Genus Prunella Selfheal N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 ssp. lanceolata (W.P.C.Barton) Piper & Beattie

1818. Prunella pennsylvanica  var. lanceolata  W.P.C.Barton
1834. Prunella vulgaris  var. elongata  Benth.
1913. Prunella vulgaris  var. lanceolata  (W.P.C.Barton) Fernald
1915. Prunella vulgaris  ssp. lanceolata  (W.P.C.Barton) Piper & Beattie
American self-heal,
American heal-all,
Lance selfheal,
Mountain selfheal,
Narrowleaf selfheal
Native, CoC: 1,
Unranked,
SNR

FAC-FACU

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 3 counties

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 L.
 ssp. vulgaris

1753. Prunella vulgaris L.
Eurasian self-heal,
Common self-heal
Introduced,
Widespread weed

NYFA: 53 counties

USDA-NX
FSUS
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
(L.) L.

    Prunella laciniata (L.) L.
    
    
Cutleaf selfheal,
Cut-leaved selfheal,
Cut-leaved heal-all
Introduced

NYFA: X

USDA-X0
ITIS
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Subtribe Lycopinae
[edit | edit source]
Lycopus
[edit | edit source]
Lycopus americanus
Bugleweed, waterhorehound, or gypsywort (genus Lycopus) species are herbaceous perennials that grow in a variety of wetlands, on stream banks, and in low-lying meadows.
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Lycopinae — Lycopus
Genus Lycopus Bugleweed N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Muhl. ex W.P.C.Barton

1813. Lycopus americanus Muhl. (i)
1815. Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W.P.C.Barton
1917. Phytosalpinx americana (Muhl. ex W.P.C.Barton) Lunell
American bugleweed
American water horehound
Common water horehound[1]
Native, CoC: 4,
Secure,
S5, G5

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5
NYFA: 56 counties
GBIF
? counties

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 Michx.

1803. Lycopus uniflorus Michx.
1901. Lycopus communis E.P.Bicknell
1901. Lycopus membranaceus E.P.Bicknell
1910. Lycopus coreanus H.Lév.
Northern bugleweed
Northern water horehound
Northern water-horehound
Tuberous water-horehound
Slender bugleweed
One-flowered horehound

Lycope à une fleur
Native, CoC: 4,
Secure,
S5, G5

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5
NYFA: 54 counties
GBIF
? counties

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 L.

1753. Lycopus virginicus L.
1814. Lycopus virginicus  var. quercifolius  Pursh
1833. Lycopus macrophyllus Benth.
1833. Lycopus virginicus  var. pauciflorus  Benth.
1840. Euhemus officinalis Raf.
1840. Euhemus sylvaticus Raf.
1870. Lycopus virginicus  var. macrophyllus  (Benth.) A.Gray
Virginia bugleweed,
Virginia water horehound
Native, CoC: 4,
Likely secure,
S4, G5

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 4
NYFA: 40 counties
GBIF
? counties

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Steele

Lycopus uniflorus ×
Lycopus virginicus

1901. Lycopus sherardii E.S.Steele
1901. Lycopus × sherardii Steele
1972. Lycopus virginicus  var. sherardii  (Steele) B.Boivin
Sherard’s bugleweed
Sherard’s water horehound
Native,
Unraked,
SNA

OBL

NYFA: U
NYFA: Suffolk (1926)
iNat
not observed

COL
Images
Wikispecies
 Raf.

    Lycopus amplectens Raf.
    Lycopus sessilifolius A.Gray
    Lycopus amplectens  var. pubens  (Britton ex Small) Fernald
Clasping bugleweed
Clasping water horehound
Clasping water-horehound
Sessile-leaved bugleweed
Native, CoC: 10,
Threatened,
S2, G5

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 2
NYFA: 2 counties (1988)
not observed?

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 Moench

    Lycopus rubellus Moench
Stalked bugleweed
Stalked water horehound
Taperleaf water horehound
Native, CoC: 3,
Endangered,
S1, G5

OBL

Perennial,
Ferb-forb

NYFA: 1
NYFA: ? counties
iNat
Bronx (2018)

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 Greene

1848. Lycopus obtusifolius Benth.
1898. Lycopus asper Greene
1898. Lycopus maritimus Greene
1917. Phytosalpinx aspera (Greene) Lunell
Western bugleweed
Western water horehound
Western water-horehound
Rough bugleweed
Rough water horehound
Introduced,
N. America native,
Unknown naturalization,
SNA, G5

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: X
NYFA: 3 counties (1981)
iNat
not observed

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 L.

1753. Lycopus europaeus L.
1891. Lycopus europaeus  var. mollis  Briq.
European bugleweed
European water horehound
Gypsywort
Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [8],
 USGS: L48 invasive,
Naturalized,
SNA, GNR

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: X
NYFA: 13 counties
iNat
GBIF
10 counties

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Subtribe Nepetineae
[edit | edit source]
Agastache
[edit | edit source]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Neptinae — Agastache
Genus AgastacheJ.Clayton ex Gronov. Giant-hyssop N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Willd.) Kuntze

1800. Hyssopus scrophulariaefolia Willd.
1891. Agastache scrophulariifolia (Willd.) Kuntze
Purple giant-hyssop,
Figwort giant-hyssop,
Purple giant hyssop,
Figwort giant hyssop
Agastache à feuilles de scrofulaire
Native, CoC: 2,
Likely secure,
S4

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Heliophily: 6
Sun - shade

NYFA: 16 counties
iNat: 5 counties

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 (L.) Kuntze

1753. Hyssopus nepetoides L.
1808. Vleckia nepetoides (L.) Raf.
1891. A. nepetoides (L.) Kuntze
1829. Lophanthus nepetoides (L.) Benth.
Yellow giant hyssop,
Catnip giant-hyssop
Agastache faux-népéta,
Agastache faux-népète
Native, CoC: 6,
Threatened

Perennial,
Forb-herb

NYFA: 2-3

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 (Pursh) Kuntze

1813. Hyssopus anethiodorus Nutt.
1814. Stachys foeniculum Pursh
1818. Hyssopus foeniculum (Pursh) Spreng.
1829. Lophanthus anisatus Benth.
1891. Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze
1892. Vleckia foeniculum (Pursh) MacMill.
1894. Vleckia anethiodora (Nutt.) Greene
1898. Agastache anethiodora (Nutt.) Britton
Anise-hyssop,
Fragrant giant-hyssop,
Lavender giant-hyssop,
Anise mint,
Blue giant hyssop,
Fennel giant hyssop,
Licorice mint
Agastache fenouil
Introduced from
 S-central Canada,
 N-central US,
N. America native,
Cultivated,
Naturalized: ?

Perennial,
Forb-herb,
Sun-shade

NYFA: X

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Dracocephalum
[edit | edit source]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Neptinae — Dracocephalum
Genus Dracocephalum Dragonhead N.Y. Status Images Distribution NPT
 Nutt.

1818. Dracocephalum parviflora Nutt.
1913. Moldavica parviflora Britton
American dragonhead,
Dragonhead mint
Native,
Endangered

NYFA: 1

USDA-NN
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Wikispecies
 L.

    Moldavica thymiflora (L.) Rydb.
Thymeleaf dragonhead,
Thyme-leaved dragon-head
Introduced,
Impersistent

NYFA: X

USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
Glechoma
[edit | edit source]
Glechoma hederacea
Ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea) is a common weed found in cultivated places throughout most of New York State.
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Neptinae — Glechoma
Genus Glechoma Glechoma N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Glechoma hederacea L.
1771. Calamintha hederacea (L.) Scop.
1822. Glechoma hederacea  var. parvifolia  Gray
1834. Nepeta glechoma Benth.
1842. Nepeta hederacea (L.) Trevis.
Ground ivy,
Gill-over-the-ground,
Creeping Charlie
Introduced,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS Tier: 4,
iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [9],
 USGS: L48 invasive,
Widespread weed,
SNA, GNR

FACU

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: Xn
GBIF

USDA-XX
COL
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Hyssopus
[edit | edit source]
Hyssopus officinalis
Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis)
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Neptinae — Hyssopus
Genus Hyssopus Hyssop N.Y. Status Images Distribution NPT

1753. Hyssopus officinalis L.
2020. Hyssopus schleicheri G.Don ex Loudon
Hyssop
Introduced

NYFA: X
GBIF

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Nepeta
[edit | edit source]
Nepeta cataria L. catnip

Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Neptinae — Nepeta
Genus Nepeta Catnip N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

Catnip Introduced,
Widespread weed,
IO

NYFA: X

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Wikispecies
 M.Bieb.

Caucasus catmint Introduced,
Impersistent

NYFA: X

USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
 Lam.

    Nepeta racemosa Lam.
    Nepeta mussinii Spreng. ex Henckel
Racemed catnip
Persian catmint
Introduced,
Impersistent

NYFA: X

USDA-X0
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Wikispecies
Meehania
[edit | edit source]
Meehania cordata
Meehan's mint
Meehan's mint is native to the Appalachians from North Carolina to Pennsylvania. It doesn't appear to have naturalized in New York, though it is planted as a "native" groundcover.
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Nepetineae — Meehania
Genus Meehania Meehan's mint N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Nutt.) Britton

1818. Dracocephalum cordatum Nutt.
1834. Cedronella cordata Benth.
1894. Meehania cordata (Nutt.) Britton
Meehan's mint,
Creeping mint,
Trailing mint
Introduced from
 Appalachians,
US South native,
No NY reports

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 0

USDA-N0
ITIS
Tropicos
NatureServe
BONAP
IPN
Images
Wikispecies
Subtribe Menthinae
[edit | edit source]
The large Menthinae subtribe can ce separated into Old-World and New-World clades along the lines presented in Drew and Sytsma (2012).[1] However, many of the genera have been found to be polyphyletic, including Mentha and Clinopodium, which have New York species in both clades.
Hedeoma
[edit | edit source]
Hedeoma pulegioides
False-pennyroyal (Hedeoma species).
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Menthinae — Hedeoma
Genus Hedeoma False-pennyroyal N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Pers. (1806)

    Cunila pulegioides
    Melissa pulegioides
    Ziziphora pulegioides
American false pennyroyal,
American pennyroyal
Native,
Secure

NYFA: 5

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 Pursh

Rough false pennyroyal Native,
Threatened

NYFA: 2-3

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Wikispecies
Blephilia
[edit | edit source]
Blephilia hirsuta

Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Menthinae — Blephilia
Genus Blephilia Pagoda-plant N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Pursh) Benth.

Hairy pagoda plant,
Hairy woodmint
Native, CoC: 6,
Likely secure,
S4, G5?

FACU

NYFA: 4

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Wikispecies
 (L.) Raf.

Downy pagoda plant,
Downy woodmint,
Ohio horsemint,
Sunny woodmint
Native,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1]

NYFA: 1

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Monarda
[edit | edit source]
Monarda fistulosa
Beebalm or Bergamot contains about 12 to 20 species in North America.
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Menthinae — Monarda
Genus Monarda Beebalm N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 var. fistulosa

1753. Monarda fistulosa L.
1789. Monarda oblongata Aiton
1813. Monarda purpurea Pursh
1821. Monarda affinis Link
1826. Monarda scabra Beck
Common wild bergamot,
Wild bergamot,
Wild bergamot bee-balm
Native, CoC: 2,
Secure

FACU-UPL

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Sun - part shade

NYFA: 5

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BONAP
LBJ
Images
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 L.
 var. mollis (L.) L.

1756. Monarda mollis L.
1762. Monarda fistulosa  var. mollis  (L.) L.
    Monarda fistulosa  var. mollis  (L.) Benth.
1924. Monarda mollis  f. albiflora  Farw.
1945. Monarda fistulosa  f. albiflora  (Farw.) Sherff
Pale wild bergamot Native, CoC: 2,
Likely secure

FACU-UPL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 4-5
GBIF

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BONAP
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 L.

1753. Monarda didyma L.
1797. Monarda purpurea Lam.
1815. Monarda oswegoensis W.P.C.Barton
Oswego tea,
Scarlet beebalm,
Bee-balm,
Red bergamot,
Bergamot,
Mountain-mint
Monarde écarlate,
Monarde pourpre
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure

FAC-FACU

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Sun - part shade

NYFA: 5

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VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
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LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 Willd.

Monarda didyma ×
Monarda fistulosa

1809. Monarda media Willd.
1878. Mondarda fistulosa  var. media  (Willd.) Gray
1895. Mondarda fistulosa  f. media  (Willd.) Voss
Purple wild bergamot,
Purple bergamot,
Purple horsemint
Monarde moyenne,
Monarde pourpre
N. America native,
NY nativity unk.,
S1, G4?

FACU-FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Heliophily: 6

NYFA: 11 counties
iNat: Cortland county

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VASCAN
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 var. villicaulis (Pennell) Shinners

1919. Monarda punctata ssp. villicaulis Pennell
1953. Monarda punctata var. villicaulis (Pennell) Shinners

Hairy-stem spotted horsemint
Hairy horsemint
Horsemint
Spotted beebalm
Monarde à tige velue
Native, CoC: 6,
Likely secure,
S4, G5T5?

UPL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 13 counties
iNat: Warren, Saratoga
GBIF: present in NY

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BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 var. punctata

1753. Monarda punctata L. in Sp. Pl.: 22
1803. Monarda lutea Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1:16
1896. Monarda punctata var. leucantha Nash in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23:104
1935. Monarda punctata var. typica Epling

Eastern Horsemint
Spotted beebalm
Dotted horse mint
Common spotted horse mint
Monarde ponctuée
Native, CoC: 10,
Especially vulnerable,
S1

UPL

Perrenial,
Herb-forb,
Heliophily: 8

NYFA: 4 counties
iNat: no observations
GBIF: present in NY

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VASCAN
FNA
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
 L.

1753. Monarda clinopodia L. in Sp. Pl.:22
1756. Monarda clinopodifolia L. in Amoen. Acad. 3:399
1789. Monarda rugosa Aiton in Hort. Kew. 1:36
1797. Monarda glabra Lam. in Encycl. 4:256
1803. Monarda allophylla Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1:16
1809. Monarda altissima Willd. in Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol.:33
1834. Monardella caroliniana Benth. in Labiat. Gen. Spec.:332
1984. Monarda fistulosa var. clinopodia (L.) Cooperr. in Michigan Bot. 23:166

Basil balm,
Basilbalm,
Basil bee-balm
Native, CoC: 7,
Endangered,
S1, G5,
NYNHP: S1[1]

FACU

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 1-2

USDA-N0
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
Pycnanthemum
[edit | edit source]
Pycnanthemum tenuifolium
The 7 New York species of the genus Pycnanthemum are commonly referred to as mountain mints, although that common name may be misleading since these plants often occur in moist lowland locations. All of the approximately 20 species of this genus are native to North America.[1]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Menthinae — Pycnanthemum
Genus Pycnanthemumsect. Capitellatae Mountainmint N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT

1809. Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrad. in Hort. Gott.:10
1970. Pycnanthemum tenuifolium var. lawrencei F.Seym. in Rhodora 72:50

Slender mountain-mint
Narrow-leaved mountain-mint
Narrowleaf mountain-mint
Slenderleaf mountain-mint
Pycnanthème à feuilles étroites
Native, CoC: 3,
Secure,
S5, G5

FAC-FACW

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Heliophily: 7
Sun - part shade,
4x (n = 20, 40)

NYFA: 46 counties

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(L.) T.Durand & B.D.Jacks. ex B.L.Rob. & Fernald

1753. Satureja virginiana L. in Sp. Pl.:567
1771. Satureja virginica L. in Mant. Pl. 2:40, nom. superfl.
1800. Thymus virginicus (L.) Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 3:145
1803. Brachystemum virginicum (L.) Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:6
1806. Thymus verticillatus Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 7:653
1809. Brachystemum lanceolatum Willd. in Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol.:623
1813. Pycnanthemum lanceolatum (Willd.) Pursh in Fl. Amer. Sept. 2:410
1817. Thymus lanceolatus (Willd.) Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, nom. illeg.
1891. Koellia virginiana (L.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2:520
1891. Koellia lanceolata (Willd.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2:520
1892. Koellia virginica (L.) Baill. in Hist. Pl. 10:31
1908. Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) T.Durand & B.D.Jacks. ex B.L.Rob. & Fernald

Virginia mountain-mint
American mountain-mint
Common mountain-mint
Pycnanthème de Virginie
Native, CoC: 3,
Likely secure,
S4, G5

FACW-FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Heliophily: 8
Sun - part shade,
4x (n = 40)

NYFA: 39 counties

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 (Michx.) Pers.
 var. verticillatum

1803. Brachystemum verticillatum Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:6
1806. Pycnanthemum verticillatum (Michx.) Pers. in Syn. Pl. 2:128
1842. Pycnanthemum dubium A.Gray in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 42:45
1878. Pycnanthemum leptodon A.Gray in Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1):355
1878. Pycnanthemum tullia var. dubium (A.Gray) A.Gray in Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1):355
1891. Koellia leptodon (A.Gray) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2:520
1891. Koellia verticillata (Michx.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2:520
1896. Koellia dubia (A.Gray) Briq. in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam.
1948. Pycnanthemum torreyi var. leptodon (A.Gray) Boomhour ex Fernald & B.G.Schub.

Whorled mountain-mint
Pycnanthème verticillé
Native, CoC: 6,
Endangered,
S1-S2, G5-T5?,
NYNHP: S1-S2[1]

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Heliophily: 7,
4x (n = 38-39)

NYFA: 1-2

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 var. pilosum (Nutt.) Cooperr.

1818. Pycnanthemum pilosum Nutt. in Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2:33
1836. Pycnanthemum muticum var. pilosum (Nutt.) Hook. in Companion Bot. Mag.
1892. Koellia pilosa (Nutt.) Baill. in Hist. Pl. 10:31
1984. Pycnanthemum verticillatum var. pilosum (Nutt.) Cooperr. in Michigan Bot.

Whorled mountain-mint Introduced,
N. America native

NYFA: X

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FSUS
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Torrey's mountain mint Native,
Endangered,
NYNHP: S1[2]

NYFA: 1

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Genus Pycnanthemumsect. Pycnanthemum Mountainmint N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(L.) Michx.
 var. incanum

1753. Clinopodium incanum L.
1803. P. incanum (L.) Michx.
Hoary mountain-mint
silverleaf mountain mint
Native, CoC: 6,
Secure,
S5, G5

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Heliophily: 7,
4x (n = 38)

NYFA: 5

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 Torr. & A. Gray

Koellia clinopodioides
Basil mountain-mint Native,
Endangered,
NYNHP: S1[3]

NYFA: 1

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Genus Pycnanthemumsect. Brachystemum Mountainmint N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT

Blunt mountain-mint Native,
Threatened,
NYNHP: S2-S3[4]

NYFA: 2-3

USDA-N0
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Images
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Cunila
[edit | edit source]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Menthinae — Cunila
Genus Cunila Cunila N.Y. Status Images Distribution NPT
 (L.) Britt.

Cunila mariana L.Mappia origanoides (L.) House
Common dittany Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4

USDA-
Images
Wikispecies
Mentha
[edit | edit source]
Mentha canadensis
Mints (Mentha spp.) are widely cultivated aromatic herbs with about 40 taxa (20 species, 30 subspecies, and 10 hybrids worldwide.) worldwide.[1]

The only species of mint (Mentha) listed as native to New York is Mentha canadensis L. (sensu Tucker & Chambers, 2002) with 2n=96, which is believed to be an ancient hybrid of Mentha arvensis (2n=72) and Mentha longifolia (2n=24)[2]


Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Menthinae — Mentha
Genus Mentha Mint N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

Mentha arvensis ×
Mentha longifolia

1753. Mentha canadensis L.
1833. Mentha canadensis  var. glabrata  Benth.
1882. Mentha arvensis  ssp. piperascens  Malinv. ex Holmes
1891. Mentha arvensis  var. canadensis   (L.) Kuntze
1894. Mentha arvensis  var. sachalinensis  Briq.
1894. Mentha arvensis  var. haplocalyx  (Briq.) Briq.
1908. Mentha arvensis  var. glabrata  (Benth.) Fernald
1921. Mentha sachalinensis (Briq.) Kudô
1924. Mentha arvensis  var. piperascenes  Malinv. ex L.H.Bailey
1956. Mentha arvensis  ssp. canadensis  (L.) H. Hara
1956. Mentha arvensis  ssp. piperascens  (Malinv. ex Holmes) H.Hara
American wild mint
American corn mint
Canadian mint
Corn mint
Chinese mint
Japanese mint
Native, CoC: 4
 North America and Asia,
Secure,
S5, G5

FACW

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
2n = 96

NYFA: 5
iNat
GBIF

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Note: [1]
 L.

1753. Mentha arvensis L.
1753. Mentha gentilis L.
1764. Calamintha arvensis (L.) Garsault
1778. Mentha austriaca Jacq.
1827. Mentha arvensis  ssp. parietariifolia  (Becker) Briq.
Corn mint
European corn mint
Field mint
Wild mint
Ginger mint

Menthe des champs
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Naturalized,
SNA, G5

FACW

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
2n = 72

NYFA: X
iNat
GBIF

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 L.

1753. Mentha spicata L
1763. Mentha viridis L.(L)
1890. Mentha sylvestris  ssp. Viridis  (L.) Batt.
 auct. Mentha cordifolianon Opiz ex Fresen.
 auct. Mentha longifolianon (L.) Huds.
Spearmint
Spear mint
Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
 Invasive.org: [10],
 USGS: L48 invasive

NYFA: X
NYFA: 38 counties
GBIF
? counties

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 Sole (pro sp.)

Mentha arvensis ×
Mentha spicata

1753. Mentha gentilis L.
1798. Mentha gracilis Sole
1822. Mentha gracilis  var. cardiaca  Gray
1865. Mentha cardiaca (Gray) Gerarde ex Baker
1896. Mentha gentilis  var. cardiaca  (Baker) Briq.
 auct. Mentha × muelleriananon F.W.Schultz
Bushy mint
Scotch spearmint
Gingermint
Creeping whorled mint
Introduced from
 Europe,
Potentially invasive,
 Invasive.org: [11],
 USGS: L48 established

NYFA: X
iNat
GBIF

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 L. (pro sp.)

Mentha aquatica ×
Mentha spicata

1753. Mentha piperita L.
1836. Mentha aquatica  f. piperita  (L.) G.Mey.
1866. Mentha aquatica  var. piperita  (L.) Alef.
Peppermint Introduced

NYFA: X
GBIF

USDA-NN
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 L.
 var. aquatica

1753. Mentha aquatica L.
Water mint Introduced

NYFA: X

USDA-XX
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L.
 var. citrata (Ehrh.) W.C. Werner

1792. Mentha citrata Ehrh.
1828. Mentha aquatica  f. citrata  (Ehrh.) Fresen.
1889. Mentha piperita  ssp. citrata  (Ehrh.) Briq.
1893. Mentha aquatica  var. citrata  (Ehrh.) W. C. Werner
1903. Mentha × piperi  var. citrata  (Ehrh.) Briq.
Orange mint
Introduced,
Naturalized

NYFA: Xn
NYFA: Tompkins (1920)
iNat
GBIF
? counties

Images
Wikispecies
 (L.) Huds. (pro sp.)

Mentha longifolia ×
Mentha suaveolens

Peppermint Introduced

NYFA: X

USDA-X0
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 Huds. (pro sp.)

Mentha spicata ×
Mentha suaveolens

    M. alopecuroides Hull
    M. nemorosa Willd.
Foxtail mint Introduced

USDA-XX
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L.

1753. Mentha pulegium L.
1796. Mentha aromatica Salisb.
1812. Thymus bidentatus Stokes
1827. Mentha pulegioides Dumort.
1844. Melissa pulegium (L.) Griseb.
Pennyroyal
Penny-royal

Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [12],
 USGS: L48 invasive,
Naturalized,
SNA

OBL

NYFA: Xn
NYFA: Cortland (1977)
iNat
GBIF
No observations

Images
Wikispecies
Ehrh.

1792. Mentha suaveolens Ehrh.
1900. Mentha rotundifolia  var. suaveolens  (Ehrh.) Briq.
1975. Mentha graveolens R.Vilm. & M.Barbero
Apple mint

Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [13],
 USGS: L48 invasive,
Not in NY Flora Atlas

NYFA-Excluded
NYFA: not listed
iNat
GBIF
2 counties

Images
Wikispecies
  1. The USDA-NRCS PLANTS database and ITIS treat Mentha canadensis as a synonym of Mentha arvensis, while the New York Flora Atlas and ARS-GRIN treat them as separate species.
Clinopodium
[edit | edit source]
Clinopodium vulgare
wild basil

Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Menthinae — Clinopodium
Genus Clinopodium Clinopodium N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Clinopodium vulgare L.
1835. Calamintha clinopodium Spenn.
1882. Calamintha vulgaris (L.) H. Karst.
1897. Satureja vulgaris
Wild basil,
Field basil
Native, CoC: 0,
Secure,
Questionable[1]

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: X

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 (Nutt.) House

1836. Hedeoma arkansana Nutt.
1891. Clinopodium glabrum (Nutt.) Kuntze
1896. Satureja arkansana (Nutt.) Briq.
1921. Clinopodium arkansanum (Nutt.) House
1940. Satureja glabella  var. angustifolia  (Torr.) Svenson
1955. Calamintha glabella  var. angustifolia  (Torr.) DeWolf
1962. Calamintha arkansana (Nutt.) Shinners
Limestone calamint,
Low calamint
Native,
Likely extirpated,
N. America native

NYFA: Z

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Images
Wikispecies
Note: [2]
 (L.) House

1753. Thymus acinos L.
1794. Acinos thymoides Moench
1811. Calamintha acinos (L.) Clairv.
1843. Satureja acinos (L.) Scheele
1891. Clinopodium acinos (L.) Kuntze
1946. Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy
Basil thyme,
Mother of thyme
Introduced

NYFA: X

USDA-XX
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 (L.) Kuntze

1753. Melissa nepeta L.
1798. Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi
1843. Satureja calamintha (L.) Scheele
1891. Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze
1896. Satureja calamintha  var. nepeta  (L.) Briq.
Field balm,
Lesser calamint
Introduced,
Impersistent

NYFA: X
iNat

USDA-X0
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies
  1. NYFA lists Clinopodium vulgare with an "Unknown Native Status." Other sources list it as circumboreal, native as far south as North Carolina.
  2. NYFA lists Clinopodium glabrum as Calamintha arkansana (Nutt.) Shinners. USDA-NRCS PLANTS uses Clinopodium arkansanum (Nutt.) House. ITIS and ARS-GRIN both use Clinopodium glabrum (Nutt.) Kuntze.
Satureja
[edit | edit source]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Menthinae — Satureja
Genus Satureja Savory N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L. (1753)

Summer savory,
Savourée,
Sarriette des jardins
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Not naturalized

NYFA: X

USDA-XW
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies
 L.

Winter savory Introduced from
 Mediterranean,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded

Images
Wikispecies
Origanum
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Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Menthinae — Origanum
Genus Origanum Origanum N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Origanum vulgare L.
1867. Thymus origanum (L.) Kuntze
1934. Micromeria formosana C.Marquand
Wild marjoram,
Marjoram,
Oregano,
Organy
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Naturalized

NYFA: X

USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
Thymus
[edit | edit source]
Thymus pulegioides
Large thyme (Thymus pulegioides) is a common garden escapee in the northeast, while garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris), though often cultivated, rarely escapes and has not been found to naturalize.
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Mentheae — Menthinae — Thymus
Genus Thymus Thyme N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Thymus pulegioides L.
 auct. Thymus serpyllum L. misapplied
Large thyme
Lemon thyme
Wild thyme
Broad-leaved thyme
Introduced from
 Europe,
Naturalized,
SNA, GNR

Perennial,
Shrub-subshrub

NYFA: X

USDA-XX
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Thymus(excluded taxa) Thyme N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

Garden thyme Introduced,
Exclueded
excluded
NYFA-Excluded

USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
 L.

Breckland thyme Introduced,
Exclueded
excluded
NYFA-Excluded

ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies

Tribe Ocimeae

[edit | edit source]
Lavandula
[edit | edit source]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Ocimeae — Lavandula
Genus Lavandula Lavender N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT

English lavender Introduced

NYFA: X

USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
Ocimum
[edit | edit source]
Lamiales — Lamiaceae — Nepetoideae — Ocimeae — Ocimum
Genus Ocimum Basil N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

Sweet basil Introduced,
Impersistent

NYFA: X

USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies