Flora of New York/Cornales

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Cornales introduction

The Cornales Dumortier includes the families: Cornaceae, Curtisiaceae, Grubbiaceae, Hydrangeaceae, Hydrostachyaceae, Loasaceae, and Nyssaceae. Cornales         Hydrangeaceae     Loasaceae       Hydrostachyaceae       Nyssaceae           Grubbiaceae     Curtisiaceae       Cornaceae

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genus	Common names	#
Cornales	Hydrangeaceae	Hydrangeoideae	Philadelpheae	Deutzia	pride of Rochester	1
				Philadelphus	mock orange	3
			Hydrangeae	Hydrangea	hydrangea	3
				Decumaria	(excluded)	X
	Cornaceae	—	—	Cornus	dogwood	13
	Nyssaceae	—	—	Nyssa	tupelo	1

Family Hydrangeaceae

The Hydrangeaceae (hydrangea family) has about nine species in four genera growing outside of cultivation. Many of these are native to the southeastern United States, but have been introduced in northern states and Canada.

Subfamily Hydrangeoideae

Tribe Philadelpheae

Philadelphus

Philadelphus coronarius

Cornales — Hydrangeaceae — Hydrangeoideae — Philadelpheae — Philadelphus
Philadelphus	Mock orange	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Philadelphus inodorus  L. 1753. Philadelphus inodorus L. 1794. Syringa inodora Moench 1809. Philadelphus grandiflorus Willd. 1856. P. inodorus var. grandiflorus Willd. 1902. Philadelphus floridus Beadle 1902. Philadelphus gloriosus Beadle	Scentless mock orange Florida mock orange Beadle's mockorange Few-flower mock orange Seringa inodore Philadelphe de Beadle Seringat de Beadle Seringa très fleuri	Introduced from  southeastern US, US South native, Occasionally naturalized Perennial, Shrub		Bronx, Broome, Cayuga, Greene, Nassau, New York, Otsego, Rensselaer, Suffolk	NYFA-X USDA-NX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Philadelphus pubescens  Loisel. 1820. Philadelphus pubescens Loisel. 1828. Philadelphus latifolius Schrad. ex DC.	Hoary mock-orange, Hairy mock-orange, Broadleaf mock-orange Seringa à grandes feuilles	Introduced from  south-central US, US South native Perennial, Shrub		Orange, Ulster	NYFA-X USDA-NX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Philadelphus coronarius  L. 1753. Philadelphus coronarius L. 1896. Philadelphus caucasicus Koehne	European mock orange European mock-orange Sweet mock-orange Sweet mock orange Philadelphia mock-orange English dogwood Seringat des jardins Seringa commun	Introduced from  Eurasia, Naturalized Perennial, Shrub		NYFA: 17 counties iNat: xx counties	NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Deutzia

Deutzia scabra

Cornales — Hydrangeaceae — Hydrangeoideae — Philadelpheae — Deutzia
Deutzia	Pride-of-Rochester	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Deutzia scabra  Thunb. 1784. Deutzia scabra Thunb. 1835. Deutzia crenata Siebold & Zucc. 1867. Deutzia sieboldiana Maxim. 1905. D. sieboldiana var. dippeliana C.K.Schneid.     D. scabra var. candidissima Rehder	Fuzzy deutzia, Fuzzy pride-of-Rochester	Introduced from  Japan, Highly invasive, Naturalized, IO Perennial, Shrub			NYFA-X USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Tribe Hydrangeae

Hydrangea

Hydrangea arborescens There are four species of Hydrangea native to eastern North America. Of these only Hydrangea arborescens (wild hydrangea) is native as far north as New York, which is at the northern limit of the natural range of the species. Wild hydrangea is ranked as Threatened (S2) in New York and has probably always been rare in the state. Historically there have only been ten known sites for wild hydrangea, most of these along the Pennsylvania border, on forested slopes of upper headwater ravines or on ledges. Popular cultivars of wild hydrangea include 'Annabelle' and 'Grandiflora'. Both Hydrangea arborescens and the Asian species Hydrangea paniculata (panicled hydrangea) are commonly planted but rarely naturalize in New York State.

Cornales — Hydrangeaceae — Hydrangeoideae — Hydrangeae — Hydrangea
Hydrangea	Hydrangea	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hydrangea arborescens  L. 1753. Hydrangea arborescens L. 1768. Viburnum americanum Mill. 1785. Viburnum alnifolium Marshall 1840. Hydrangea arborescens var. oblonga Torr. & A.Gray 1840. Hydrangea arborescens var. sterilis Torr. & A.Gray	Wild hydrangea American hydrangea Smooth hydrangea Sevenbark Sheep flower	Native, CoC: 7, Threatened, S2, G5, NYNHP: 2 FACU Perennial, Shrub			NYFA-2 USDA-NX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Hydrangea paniculata	Panicle hydrangea, Panicled hydrangea Hortensia paniculé	Introduced from  temperate Asia, Naturalized		Nassau, Orange, Rensselaer, Rockland	NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Hydrangea heteromalla  D. Don	Himalayan hydrangea	Introduced, Not naturalized		Bronx	NYFA-X Images Wikispecies
Hydrangea (excluded taxa)	Hydrangea	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hydrangea cinerea  Small 1830. H. arborescens var. discolor Ser. ex DC. 1898. H. cinerea Small 1921. H. arborescens var. deamii H.St.John 1956. H. arborescens ssp. discolor (Ser. ex DC.) E. M. McClint.	Ashy hydrangea	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-Excluded USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Hydrangea quercifolia  W.Bartram 1791. Hydrangea quercifolia W.Bartram 1791. Hydrangea radiata Sm. non Walter	Oakleaf hydrangea	Introduced, US South native, No specimens Perennial, Shrub			NYFA-0 USDA-N NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies

Decumaria

Decumaria, with only a couple of species worldwide, is also treated as section of Hydrangea. Reports of climbing hydrangea on Long Island are assumed to be of either cultivated plants or misidentifications.

Cornales — Hydrangeaceae — Hydrangeoideae — Hydrangeae — Decumaria
Decumaria	Woodvamp	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Decumaria barbara  L. 1763. Decumaria barbara L.	Climbing hydrangea, Woodvamp, Wood-vamp	Introduced from  southeast Virginia south, N.Y. excluded OBL Perennial, Woody vine			NYFA-X USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies

Family Nyssaceae

The Nyssaceae (the tupelo family) has also been treated a subfamily of the Cornaceae, including as recently as the APG III system (2009). The APG IV system (2016) treats them as separate families within the Cornales.

Nyssa

Nyssa sylvatica The genus Nyssa is here included in the Nyssaceae family within Cornales.

Cornales — Nyssaceae — Nyssa
Nyssa	Tupelo	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Nyssa sylvatica  Marshall 1785. Nyssa sylvatica Marshall 1787. Nyssa multiflora Wangenh. 1798. Nyssa caroliniana Poir. 1935. N. sylvatica var. caroliniana Fernald 1935. N. sylvatica var. dilatata Fernald 1935. N. sylvatica var. typica Fernald	Blackgum, Black-gum, Black gum, Black tupelo, Sourgum, Sour-gum, Pepperidge Nyssa sylvestre, Gommier noir, Gommier jaune	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Family Cornaceae

The Cornaceae (dogwood family) has about a dozen, mostly native taxa represented outside of cultivation in New York.

Cornus

The genus Cornus (the dogwoods) are here organized by the subgenera used by VASCAN and FNA for this genus. The subgenera are further placed into two groups based on the general fruit color, which has been shown to fairly reflect the phylogenic relationship within this genus. Cornus BW   subg. Kraniopsis       C. rugosa (round-leaved dogwood)     C. drummondii (rough-leaved dogwood)       C. racemosa (gray dogwood, red-panicled dogwood)           C. amomum ssp. amomum (silky dogwood)     C. amomum ssp. obliqua (narrow-leaved dogwood)       C. sericea (red-osier dogwood)           subg. Mesomora—C. alternifolia (pagoda dogwood, alternate-leaved dogwood)       DW subg. Arctocrania—Cornus canadensis (bunchberry)     CC subg. Cornus—C. mas (cornelian cherry) BB subg. Syncarpea—C. kousa (Japanese dogwood) subg. Cynoxylon—C. florida (flowering dogwood)       BW -- Blue/White fruit clade (alt. genus Swida) DW -- Dwarf dogwood clade (alt. genus Chamaepericlymenum) CC -- Cornelian Cherry clade (alt. genus Cornus sensu stricto) BB -- Big-Bract dogwoods (alt. genus Benthamidia)

Cornus with blue or white fruit

Cornus alternifolia The dogwood taxa in the clade with blue or white fruit are sometimes placed in the genus Swida Opiz (1838).

Cornus subg. Kraniopsis

Cornus subgenus Kraniopsis contains dogwoods with opposite-leaves, blue or white round fruits, open compound cymes, and minute bracts. There are about 30 species in this group worldwide, mostly in East Asia and North America, but a few are from Europe and South America. Five species of subgenus Kraniopsis are native to New York. Note that the Flora of North America treats subg. Kraniopsis as subg. Thelycrania "because C. S. Rafinesque (1838) apparently treated his new taxon as a genus, not a subgenus, and no publication validating the name at the subgeneric rank has been located." Most other sources use Kraniopsis for this subgenus name.

Cornales — Cornaceae — Cornoideae — Cornus subg. Kraniopsis
Cornus subg. Kraniopsis	Blue-fruit dogwood	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cornus racemosa  Lam. 1786. Cornus racemosa Lam. 1789. C. paniculata L’Hér. 1964. C. foemina ssp. racemosa 1943. Swida racemosa Moldenke 1959. Thelycrania racemosa Tsitsin	Gray dogwood, Panicled dogwood, Red-panicled dogwood, Northern swamp dogwood Cornouiller à grappes	Native, CoC: 2, Secure Perennial, Tree-shrub			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FEIS Images Wikispecies
Cornus sericea  L. ssp. sericea 1771. Cornus sericea L. 1803. C. stolonifera Michx. 1890. C. baileyi J.M.Coult.& W.H.Evans 1903. C. alba var. coloradensis 1904. Swida stolonifera (Michx.) Rydb. 1909. C. stolonifera var. coloradensis 1910. C. alba ssp. stolonifera 1933. C. stolonifera var. baileyi 1967. C. alba var. baileyi 1967. C. alba var. interior 1987. Swida sericea Holub 2000. Swida alba ssp. stolonifera	Red-osier dogwood, Red-rood dogwood, Red-stem dogwood, Red-twig dogwood, American dogwood Cornouiller stolonifère, Cornouiller hart-rouge, Hart-rouge	Native, CoC: 6, Secure FACW Perennial, Tree-shrub			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos FEIS Images Wikispecies
Cornus amomum  Mill. ssp. amomum 1768. Cornus amomum Mill. 1903. Swida amomum Small 1950. Thelycrania amomum Pojark.	Silky dogwood, Silky cornel, Red-willow	Native, CoC: 6, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Cornus amomum  Mill. ssp. obliqua (Raf.) J.S.Wilson 1819. Cornus obliqua Raf. 1845. C. sericea var. schuetzeana 1899. C. purpusii Koehne 1934. C. amomum var. schuetzeana 1944. Swida obliqua Moldenke 1965. C. amomum ssp. obliqua	Narrow-leaved dogwood, Narrowleaf silky dogwood, Silky dogwood, Swamp dogwood, Pale dogwood Cornouiller oblique	Native, CoC: 6, Unranked, SNR, G5T5		Chemung, Erie, Genesee, Jefferson, Ontario, Orleans, Oswego, Schenectady, Yates	NYFA-2? USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Cornus rugosa  Lam. 1786. Cornus rugosa Lam. 1789. Cornus circinata L'Hér. 1913. Swida circinata Small 1932. Swida rugosa Rydb. 1950. Thelycrania rugosa Pojark.	Roundleaf dogwood, Round-leaf dogwood, Round-leaved dogwood Cornouiller rugueux	Native, CoC: 7, Secure UPL Perennial, Tree-shrub			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies
Cornus drummondii  C.A.Mey. 1845. Cornus drummondii C.A.Mey. 1901. Cornus priceae Small 1903. Swida priceae Small 1950. Thelycrania priceae Pojark. 1960. Swida drummondii Soják	Rough-leaved dogwood, Northern roughleaf dogwood, Drummond's dogwood Cornouiller de Drummond	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, S1, G5, NYNHP: 1 FAC Perennial, Tree-shrub			NYFA-1 USDA-NN VASCAN Images Wikispecies
Cornus × slavinii  Rehder   Cornus rugosa ×   Cornus sericea	Slavin's dogwood	Native, Unranked, SNA Perennial, Tree-shrub		Monroe (1905-1915)	NYFA-H USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Cornus amomum × racemosa   Cornus amomum ×   Cornus racemosa	hybrid dogwood	Native, Unranked, SNA Perennial, Tree-shrub		Monroe (1979)	NYFA-H Images Wikispecies

Cornus subg. Mesomora

Cornus alternifolia Cornus subgenus Mesomora contains dogwoods with alternate leaves, blue or white fruits, open compound cymes, and minute bracts. Besides the North American Cornus alternifolia (pagoda dogwood), the only other species in subgenus Mesomora is the Asian Cornus controversa (giant dogwood), which has not been known to naturalize in New York.

Cornales — Cornaceae — Cornoideae — Cornus subg. Mesomora
Cornus subg. Mesomora	Alternate-leaf dogwood	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cornus alternifolia  L.f. 1782. Cornus alternifolia L.f. 1903. Swida alternifolia Small 1950. Bothrocaryum alternifolium Pojark.	Alternate-leaf dogwood, Pagoda dogwood, Green osier Cornouiller à feuilles alternes	Native, CoC: 7, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos FEIS Images Wikispecies

Cornus with red fruit

Cornus canadensis Bunchberries are sometimes placed in genus Chamaepericlymenum, while flowering dogwood may be placed in genus Benthamidia.

Cornaceae — Cornoideae — Cornus
Cornus subg. Arctocrania	Dwarf dogwood	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cornus canadensis  L. 1753. Cornus canadensis L. 1784. Cornus herbacea var. canadensis Pall. 1899. Chamaepericlymenum canadense Asch. & Graebn. 1906. Cornella canadensis Rydb. 1909. Arctocrania canadensis Nakai	Bunchberry, Pudding berry, Crackerberry, Dwarf cornel, Canada dwarf-dogwood Cornouiller quatre-temps, Cornouiller du Canada	Native, Likely secure FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-4-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Cornus subg. Cynoxylon	Big-bract dogwood	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cornus florida  L. 1753. Cornus florida L. 1838. Cynoxylon floridum Raf. 1839. Benthamidia florida Spach 1909. Benthamia florida Nakai	Flowering dogwood, White dogwood, Eastern flowering dogwood, Big-bracted-dogwood Cornouiller fleuri, Cornouiller à fleurs, Cornouiller de Floride	Native, Likely secure FACU Perennial, Tree, Sun-shade			NYFA-4-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Cornus subg. Syncarpea	Big-bract dogwood	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cornus kousa  Hance 1873. Cornus kousa Hance 1830. Cornus japonica DC. nom. illeg. 1836. Benthamia japonica Siebold & Zucc. 1942. Dendrobenthamia japonica Hutch. 1948. Benthamidia japonica H.Hara	Kousa dogwood, Kousa big-bract-dogwood, Japanese dogwood	Introduced from  temperate Asia, Potentially invasive, Rarely naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-X- Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Cornus subg. Cornus	Cornelian cherry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cornus mas  L. 1753. Cornus mas L. 1909. Macrocarpium mas (L.) Nakai	Cornelian cherry Cornouiller mâle	Introduced from  temperate Eurasia			NYFA-X USDA-X- Images Wikispecies