Flora of New York/Clade ferns

Class Polypodiopsida contains the ferns, including the eusporangiate ferns (horsetails, scouring rushes, moonworts, and grape ferns) and the leptosporangiate ferns of subclass Polypodiidae. Cladogram of ferns showing outgroups and the four subclasses down to orders: tracheoophytes lycophytes Lycopodiopsida   Lycopodiales       Isoetales     Selaginellales         euphyllophytes Polypodiopsida (ferns)   Equisetidae  Equisetales         Ophioglossidae    Psilotales     Ophioglossales         Marattiidae  Marattiales   Polypodiidae    Osmundales       Hymenophyllales       Gleicheniales       Schizaeales       Salviniales       Cyatheales     Polypodiales                     spermatophytes   gymnosperms ↓     angiosperms ↓↓         eusporangiate ferns leptosporangiate ferns A more detailed cladogram of New York State ferns down to subgenera or single species: ferns   Equisetales : Equisetaceae : Equisetum   subg. Equisetum (6 horse tails)     subg. Hippochaete (7 scouring rushes)             Psilotales : Psilotaceae (0 whisk ferns in NY)     Ophioglossales : Ophioglossaceae   Ophioglossoideae—Ophioglossum pusillum (northern adder's-tongue)      Botrychioideae   Botrypus virginianum (rattlesnake fern)       Sceptridium (4 evergreen grapeferns)     Botrychium (7 moonworts, grape ferns)                   Marattiales : Marattiaceae (0 marattid ferns in NY)       Osmundales : Osmundaceae   Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (cinnamon fern)       Claytosmunda claytoniana (interrupted fern)     Osmunda regalis (royal fern)             Hymenophyllales : Hymenophyllaceae   Hymenophylloideae (0 filmy ferns)     Trichomanoideae—Crepidomanes intricatum (Appalachian bristle fern)            Gleicheniales   Gleicheniaceae (0 forked ferns)       Matoniaceae (0 fan ferns)     Dipteridaceae (0 umbrella ferns)             Schizaeales   Lygodiaceae—Lygodium palmatum (American climbing fern)     Schizaeaceae—Schizaea pusilla (curlygrass)           Salviniales   Salviniaceae—Azolla cristata (mosquitofern)     Marsileaceae—Marsilea quadrifolia (water clover)           Cyatheales (0)     Polypodiales (continued below)                     eusporangiate ferns leptosporangiate ferns Continuation of Polypodiales part of above cladogram of New York State ferns, including the six suborders employed by PPG I (2016): Polypodiales     Saccolomatineae (1 genus, 0 in NY)     Lindsaeineae (3 families, 0 in NY)         Pteridineae : Pteridaceae   Cryptogrammoideae—Cryptogramma stelleri (fragile rockbrake}       Pteridoideae—Pteris multifida (brake fern - excluded!)       Cheilanthoideae     Pellaea atropurpurea (purple cliffbrake)     Pellaea glabella (smooth cliffbrake)       Myriopteris lanosa (hairy lip-fern)         Vittarioideae   Adiantum pedatum (northern maidenhair fern)     Vittaria appalachiana (Appalachian shoestring fern)                   Dennstaedtiineae : Dennstaedtiaceae   Dennstaedtia punctilobula (hay-scented fern)     Pteridium aquilinum (brackenfern)         Aspleniineae   Cystopteridaceae   Cystopteris (4 bladderferns)     Gymnocarpium dryopteris (northern oak fern)             Diplaziopsidaceae—Homalosorus pycnocarpos (narrow-leaved glade fern)     Aspleniaceae—Asplenium (11 spleenworts)         Thelypteridaceae   Phegopteridoideae—Phegopteris (2 beech ferns)     Thelypteridoideae—Thelypteris (3 marsh ferns)           Woodsiaceae—Woodsia (5 cliff ferns)       Athyriaceae   Athyrium (2 lady ferns)     Deparia acrostichoides (silvery spleenwort)           Onocleaceae   Onoclea sensibilis (sensitive fern)     Matteuccia struthiopteris (ostrich fern)         Blechnaceae : Woodwardioideae   Anchistea virginica (Virginia chainfern)     Lorinseria areolata (netted chainfern)                   Polypodiineae   Dryopteridaceae : Dryopteridoideae   Dryopteris (28 woodferns)       Polystichum (4 holly ferns)     Cyrtomium falcatum (netvein hollyfern - excluded)           Polypodiaceae : Polypodioideae   Polypodium (3 rock-cap ferns)     Pleopeltis polypodioides (resurrection fern excluded)