← Aquifoliaceae, Campanulaceae, Menyanthaceae	Flora of New York — Asterales : Asteraceae : Carduoideae : Cardueae				→ Cichorioideae
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Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos

Family Asteraceae[edit]

The Asteraceae (or Compositae)

Subfamily Carduoideae[edit]

Tribe Cardueae[edit]

The Cardueae is a mostly non-native tribe of Asteraceae. It contains various thistles and knapweeds, many of which are considered highly invasive in the region.

Subtribe Carlininae[edit]

fam. Asteraceae – subfam. Carduoideae – tribe Cardueae – subtr. Carlininae
Carlina	Carline-thistle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Carlina vulgaris ssp. vulgaris C. vulgaris ssp. longifolia	Carline thistle	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images, wsp

Subtribe Echinopsinae[edit]

fam. Asteraceae – subfam. Carduoideae – tribe Cardueae – subtr. Echinopsinae
Echinops	Globethistle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Echinops sphaerocephalus L.	Great globethistle	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp

Subtribe Carduinae[edit]

Genus Onopordum[edit]

fam. Asteraceae – subfam. Carduoideae – tribe Cardueae – subtr. Carduinae – genus Onopordum
Onopordum	Cottonthistle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Onopordum acanthium	Scotch thistle, Scotch cottonthistle	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XM Images, wsp

Genus Arctium[edit]

fam. Asteraceae – subfam. Carduoideae – tribe Cardueae – subtr. Carduinae – genus Arctium
Arctium	Burdock	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	3
Arctium lappa Arctium vulgare A. minus ssp. nemorosum Arctium nemorosum Lappa major	Greater burdock	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Arctium minus	Common burdock, Lesser burdock	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Arctium tomentosum	Woolly burdock	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp

Genus Silybum[edit]

fam. Asteraceae – subfam. Carduoideae – tribe Cardueae – subtr. Carduinae – genus Silybum
Silybum	Milk thistle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.	Blessed milkthistle, St. Mary's thistle	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp

Genus Cirsium[edit]

New-World Cirsium[edit]

The North American thistles found in New York are here divided into two groups that are known to freely hybridize within the individual group.

fam. Asteraceae – subfam. Carduoideae – tribe Cardueae – subtr. Carduinae – genus Cirsium
Cirsium (North American - HG1)	Thistle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	9
Cirsium discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng. 1803. Cnicus discolor Muhl. ex Willd. 1818. Carduus discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt. 1826. Cirsium discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng.	Field thistle, Pasture thistle Chardon discolore, Circe discolore	Native, Secure, CoC: 1 WL: UPL Biennial-perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Cirsium muticum Michx. 1803. Cirsium muticum Michx. 1807. Carduus muticus (Michx.) Pers. 1838. Cirsium bigelovii DC.	Swamp thistle, Dunce-nettle, Horsetops Chardon mutique, Circe mutique	Native, Secure, CoC: 9 WL: OBL Biennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NEW Can ITIS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Cirsium altissimum (L.) Spreng. 1753. Carduus altissimus L. 1826. Cirsium altissimum (L.) Spreng. 1826. Cirsium altissimum (L.) Hill	Tall thistle, Roadside thistle	Native, Likely extirpated, CoC: 10? Biennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-Z USDA-N0 NEW ARS ITIS FNA BNA Images, wsp
Cirsium flodmanii (Rydb.) Arthur 1900. Carduus flodmanii Rydb. 1912. Cirsium flodmanii Cirsium oblanceolatum	Flodman's thistle, Prairie thistle	Introduced, Midwest native, Preglacial relict? WL: FAC-FACU Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-NN NEW ARS FNA BNA Images, wsp
Cirsium (North American - HG2)	Thistle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	9
Cirsium pumilum Spreng. var. pumilum 1818. Carduus pumilus Nutt. 1826. Cirsium pumilum (Nutt.) Spreng. 1911. C. odoratum (Muhl. ex Steud.) Petr.	Pasture thistle, Fragrant thistle, Bull thistle Chardon nain	Native, Secure, CoC: 1 Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-N0 NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Cirsium horridulum Michx. var. horridulum 1803. Cirsium horridulum Michx.	Yellow thistle, Giant thistle, Bristly thistle, Horrid thistle, Bull thistle	Native, Unranked, CoC: 5 WL: FACU Annual-biennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-N USDA-N0 NEW ARS FNA BNA Images, wsp

Old-World Cirsium[edit]

fam. Asteraceae – subfam. Carduoideae – tribe Cardueae – subtr. Carduinae – genus Cirsium
Cirsium (Eurasian )	Thistle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	9
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. 1753. Carduus lanceolatus L. 1798. Carduus vulgaris Savi 1835. Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. 1938. Ci. vulgare Airy Shaw (hom.) 1972. Ci. lanceolatum Scop. non Hill	Bull thistle, Common thistle, Spear thistle, Scotch thistle Chardon vulgaire, Chardon lancéolé, Gros chardon, Circe commun, Circe vulgaire	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Widespread weed, NE-3^[1], Invasive.org WL: FACU Biennial, Hert-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW Can ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop. 1753. Carduus palustris L. 1772. Cirsium Palustre (L.) Scop.	Marsh thistle, European marsh thistle, European swamp thistle Chardon des marais, Cirse des marais	Introduced from Eurasia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 68% ^[2], NE-2^[3] WL: FACW Perennial, Hert-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XW NEW Can ARS Trop. Images, wsp
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. 1753. Serratula arvensis L. 1772. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. 1777. Carduus arvensis (L.) E.Robson 1819. Cirsium incanum (S.G.Gmel.) Fisch. ex M.Bieb. 1819. Cirsium setosum (Willd.) M.Bieb.	Canada thistle, Creeping thistle, Field thistle Chardon des champs, Chardon du Canada, Circe des champs	Introduced from Eurasia, Highly invasive, NYIS: 71%^[4], Prohibited^[5], CP-2^[6] NE-2^[3] WL: FACU Perennial, Hert-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW Can ARS Trop. Images, wsp
↑ Category 3 Plants - widespread non-native species - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Cirsium palustre: Moderately invaisve (68%). ↑ ^a ^b Category 2 Plants - moderately invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Cirsium arvense: Highly invasive (71%). ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)

Genus Carduus[edit]

fam. Asteraceae – subfam. Carduoideae – tribe Cardueae – subtr. Carduinae – genus Carduus
Carduus	Plumeless thistle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	3
Carduus acanthoides ssp. acanthoides	Spiny plumeless thistle	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Carduus crispus	Curled plumless-thistle, Welted thistle, Curled thistle	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Carduus nutans	Musk thistle, Nodding thistle, Nodding plumeless thistle	Introduced			USDA-XX Images, wsp
Carduus pycnocephalus	Italian thistle	Introduced, Unvouchered waif			NYFA-U USDA-XX Images, wsp

Subtribe Centaureinae[edit]

The Centaureinae^[1]

Genus Plectocephalus[edit]

fam. Asteraceae – subfam. Carduoideae – tribe Cardueae – subtr. Centaureinae – genus Plectocephalus
Plectocephalus	Basketflower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Plectocephalus americanus Centaurea americana	American star-thistle, American basketflower, Powderpuff thistle, Thornless thistle	Excluded, US Southcentral native			NYFA-Excluded USDA-N0 NEW-0 BNA Images, wsp
↑ Tree of Life: Centaureinae

Genus Centaurea[edit]

Centaurea subg. Centaurea – diffusa clade[edit]

fam. Asteraceae – subfam. Carduoideae – tribe Cardueae – subtr. Centaureinae – genus Centaurea – subg. Centaurea
Centaurea subg. Centaurea clade diffusa	Knapweed, Starthistle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	16
Centaurea stoebe L. ssp. micranthos (S.G.Gmel. ex Gugler) Hayek 1838. Centaurea biebersteinii DC. 1872. Centaurea australis Pančić ex A. Kern. 1907. C. maculosa ssp. micranthos Gugler 1931. C. stoebe ssp. micranthos Hayek 2003. C. stoebe ssp. australis Greuter auct. Centaurea maculosa non Lam. auct. Acosta maculosa non (Lam.) Holub	Spotted knapweed, Spotted star-thistle Centaurée maculée, Centaurée tachetée	Introduced from southeast Europe, Highly invasive, NYIS: 79%^[1], CP-3^[2] NE-1^[3]			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Centaurea diffusa Lam. 1785. Centaurea diffusa Lam. 1799. Centaurea parviflora Desf. 1822. Centaurea parviflora Besser hom. 1970. Centaurea microcalathina A.O.Tarassov 1972. Acosta diffusa (Lam.) Soják	Diffuse knapweed, White knapweed, Tumble knapweed	Introduced, Highly invasive, NYIS: 79%^[1], FEIS			NYFA-0 USDA-XX ARS Trop. Images, wsp
Centaurea × psammogena Centaurea diffusa × Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos	Hybrid of Diffuse knapweed & Spotted knapweed	Introduced, Highly invasive, NYIS: 79%^[1]			USDA-0X Images, wsp
Centaurea cineraria L. 1753. Centaurea cineraria L. 1785. Centaurea candidissima Lam. 1839. Centaurea gymnocarpa Moris & DeNot.^[4] 1974. Acosta cineraria (L.) Holub	Star-thistle, Dusty miller	Introduced from southern Europe, Casual escape			NYFA-X USDA-X0 ARS ITIS Trop. IPN Images, wsp
Centaurea paniculata	Jersey knapweed	Introduced, Impersistent, Questionable^[5]			NYFA-X USDA-X0 ITIS Images, wsp
↑ ^a ^b ^c New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – C. stoebe, C. diffusa, C. × psammogena: High (79). ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009) ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ Euro+Med Plantbase lists Centaurea gymnocarpa as an accepted species, while the Global Compositae Checklist lists it as a synonym of Centaurea cinerea. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2014.1, states "C. gymnocarpa belongs to the group known as the "cineraria" group. This group probably was once a single species when the land masses were united, but as islands were formed, new species evolved on each island. This means that today there are a number of closely related species of Centaurea in the Mediterranean growing on rocky seaward cliffs, all probably related to a common ancestor." ↑ The naturalized status of Centaurea paniculata in New York is in question. Its checklist entries are based on reports only. No known specimens from New York exist. It is similar in appearance to Centaurea stoebe.

Centaurea subg. Centaurea – jacea clade[edit]

fam. Asteraceae – subfam. Carduoideae – tribe Cardueae – subtr. Centaureinae – genus Centaurea – subg. Centaurea
Centaurea subg. Centaurea clade jacea	Knapweed, Starthistle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	16
Centaurea jacea L. 1753. Centaurea jacea L. 1778. Jacea pratensis Lam. 1799. Centaurea pratensis Thuill. hom.	Brown knapweed, Brownray knapweed, Brown-rayed knapweed,, Brown starthistle	Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 62%^[1], CP-3^[2]			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW ARS Trop. Images, wsp
Centaurea nigra	Lesser knapweed, Black knapweed, Common knapweed, Black starthistle	Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 62%^[1]			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Centaurea nigrescens Centaurea vochinensis C. dubia ssp. vochinensis Centaurea pratensis C. debeauxii ssp. thuillieri	Short-fringed starthistle, Tyrol knapweed, Short-fringed knapweed, Vochin knapweed	Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 62%^[1]			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Centaurea × moncktonii Centaurea jacea × Centaurea nigra Centaurea pratensis	Meadow knapweed, Protean knapweed	Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 62%^[1]			NYFA-X USDA-0X Images, wsp
Centaurea benedicta (L.) L. 1753. Cnicus benedictus L. 1763. Centaurea benedicta (L.) L. 1895. Cirsium pugnax Sommier & Levier 1908. Carduus benedictus Thell. inval.	Blessed thistle, Our Lady's thistle Chardon béni, Cnicaut béni, Chardon bénit	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa			NYFA-X USDA-XX NEW Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. IPN Images, wsp
Centaurea phrygia Centaurea austriaca C. uniflora ssp. nervosa	Wig knapweed	Introduced, Not naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images, wsp
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – C. jacea, C. nigra, C. nigrescens, C. × moncktonii: Moderate (62). ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)

Centaurea subg. Centaurea – aspera clade[edit]

fam. Asteraceae – subfam. Carduoideae – tribe Cardueae – subtr. Centaureinae – genus Centaurea – subg. Centaurea
Centaurea	Knapweed, Starthistle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	16
Centaurea aspera	Rough star-thistle	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images, wsp
Centaurea calcitrapa	Purple starthistle, Red star-thistle, Caltrops	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Centaurea diluta	North African knapweed	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images, wsp
Centaurea scabiosa	Great starthistle, Greater knapweed, Hardheads, Scabious knapweed, Greater centaury	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Centaurea solstitialis L.	Yellow starthistle, Barnaby star-thistle, St. Barnaby’s thistle	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp

Centaurea subg. Cyanus[edit]

fam. Asteraceae – subfam. Carduoideae – tribe Cardueae – subtr. Centaureinae – genus Centaurea – subg. Cyanus
Centaurea subg. Cyanus	Knapweed, Starthistle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	16
Centaurea cyanus L. (1753) Cyanus segetum Hill (1769) Centaurea pulchra DC. (1837)	Cornflower, Bachelor’s-button, Bluebottle, Bluebonnets	Introduced, IO			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Centaurea montana L. 1753. Centaurea montana L. 1768}Cyanus montanus. (L) Hill	Mountain starthistle, Mountain cornflower, Mountain bluet, Perennial cornflower	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp

Genus Carthamus[edit]

fam. Asteraceae – subfam. Carduoideae – tribe Cardueae – subtr. Centaureinae – genus Carthamus
Carthamus	Distaff thistle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1
Carthamus tinctorius L.	Safflower	Introduced, Impersistent			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp

[NE3-1] Category 3 Plants - widespread non-native species - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

[2] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Cirsium palustre: Moderately invaisve (68%).

[NE2-3] Category 2 Plants - moderately invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

[4] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Cirsium arvense: Highly invasive (71%).

[5] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

[CP2-6] Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)

[7] Tree of Life: Centaureinae

[nyis-8] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – C. stoebe, C. diffusa, C. × psammogena: High (79).

[CP3-9] Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)

[NE1-10] Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

[11] Euro+Med Plantbase lists Centaurea gymnocarpa as an accepted species, while the Global Compositae Checklist lists it as a synonym of Centaurea cinerea. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2014.1, states "C. gymnocarpa belongs to the group known as the "cineraria" group. This group probably was once a single species when the land masses were united, but as islands were formed, new species evolved on each island. This means that today there are a number of closely related species of Centaurea in the Mediterranean growing on rocky seaward cliffs, all probably related to a common ancestor."

[12] The naturalized status of Centaurea paniculata in New York is in question. Its checklist entries are based on reports only. No known specimens from New York exist. It is similar in appearance to Centaurea stoebe.

[jaceae-13] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – C. jacea, C. nigra, C. nigrescens, C. × moncktonii: Moderate (62).

[CP3-14] Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)

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Flora of New York/Carduoideae

Contents

Family Asteraceae[edit]

Subfamily Carduoideae[edit]

Tribe Cardueae[edit]

Subtribe Carlininae[edit]

Subtribe Echinopsinae[edit]

Subtribe Carduinae[edit]

Genus Onopordum[edit]

Genus Arctium[edit]

Genus Silybum[edit]

Genus Cirsium[edit]

New-World Cirsium[edit]

Old-World Cirsium[edit]

Genus Carduus[edit]

Subtribe Centaureinae[edit]

Genus Plectocephalus[edit]

Genus Centaurea[edit]

Centaurea subg. Centaurea – diffusa clade[edit]

Centaurea subg. Centaurea – jacea clade[edit]

Centaurea subg. Centaurea – aspera clade[edit]

Centaurea subg. Cyanus[edit]

Genus Carthamus[edit]

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