Flora of New York/Carduoideae

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Aquifoliaceae, Campanulaceae, Menyanthaceae 		Flora of New York — Asterales : Asteraceae : Carduoideae : Cardueae →
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Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos

Family Asteraceae[edit | edit source]

The Asteraceae (or Compositae)

Subfamily Carduoideae[edit | edit source]

Tribe Cardueae[edit | edit source]

The Cardueae (syn. Cynareae) is a mostly non-native tribe of Asteraceae. It contains various thistles and knapweeds, many of which are considered highly invasive in the region.

Subtribe Carlininae[edit | edit source]

Carlina[edit | edit source]
Carlina vulgaris, Carline thistle
Carline thistle establishes on exposed soil but does not compete with taller dense vegetation.
Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Carlininae — Carlina
Carlina Carline-thistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
ssp. vulgaris
    C. vulgaris ssp. longifolia
 Carline thistle Introduced,
Naturalized 		Carlina vulgaris Kerstlingeroeder Feld 02.jpg
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Subtribe Echinopsinae[edit | edit source]

Echinops[edit | edit source]
Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Echinopsinae
Echinops Globethistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 Great globethistle Introduced 20170722Echinops sphaerocephalus1.jpg
Echinops sphaerocephalus NY-dist-map.png
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Subtribe Carduinae[edit | edit source]

Onopordum[edit | edit source]
Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Carduinae — Onopordum
Onopordum Cottonthistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Scotch thistle,
Scotch cottonthistle 		Introduced Argynnis pandora 01 by-dpc.jpg
Onopordum acanthium NY-dist-map.png
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Arctium[edit | edit source]
Arctium lappa, greater burdock
Only the two burdock species Arctium lappa (greater burdock) and A. minus (lesser burdock) are currently listed as naturalized in New York. Specimens of A. minus were apparently misidentified as A. tomentosum in the past.

Arctium is an Old World genus whose biennial plants have been introduced around the world, perhaps in part due to Velcro-like burrs that promote wide seed dispersal.

Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Carduinae — Arctium
Arctium Burdock N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
1753. Arctium lappa L.
1762. Lappa vulgaris Hill
1785. Lappa officinalis All.
1791. Lappa major Gaertn.
1800. Arctium majus Bernh.
1833. Arctium nemorosum Lej. & Court.
1883. Lappa lappa (L.) H.Karst. (i)
1913. Arctium vulgare (Hill) A.H.Evans
1928. Arctium edule Beger
 Greater burdock,
Great burdock,
Edible burdock,
Beggar's-buttons
Grande bardane,
Bardane majeure,
Rhubarbe sauvage,
Graquias,
Toques,
Rapace 		Introduced from
 Eurasia 		Arctium lappa01.jpg
Arctium lappa NY-dist-map.png
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 (Hill) Bernh.
1762. Lappa minor Hill
1800. Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh.
1856. Arctium pubens Bab.
 Lesser burdock,
Common burdock,
Cuckoo-button
Petite bardane,
Bardane mineure,
Bardane,
Tabac du diable,
Tapace,
Chou bourache,
Cibourroche,
Graquias 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa 		Lesser burdock (Arctium minor) - geograph.org.uk - 929695.jpg
Arctium minus NY-dist-map.png
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Arctium (excluded taxa) Burdock N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Mill.
1768. Arctium tomentosum Mill.
    
    
 Woolly burdock,
Hairy burdock
Bardane tomenteuse 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
N.Y. excluded 		Arctium tomentosum (inflorescences).jpg
Nymap.svg
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Silybum[edit | edit source]
Milk thistle.jpg
Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Carduinae — Silybum
Silybum Milk thistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Gaertn.
1753. Carduus marianus L.
1768. Mariana mariana (L.) Hill (i)
1791. Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
 Milk-thistle,
Blessed milkthistle,
St. Mary's thistle 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Highly invasive,
NYS Tier 5[1]
Biennial,
Herb-forb 		Silybum marianum Prague 2011 3.jpg
Silybum marianum NY-dist-map.png
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  1. ↑ New York State Invasive Species Tiers: Silybum marianum (Blessed milkthistle) NYS Tier 5. 2021 New York Natural Heritage Program
Cirsium[edit | edit source]
Cirsium species are known as plume thistles due to the feathered hairs on their achenes.
New-World Cirsium[edit | edit source]
Cirsium muticum
Swamp thistle
The North American thistles found in New York are here divided into two groups (species complexes) that are known to freely hybridize within the individual group.
Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Carduinae — Cirsium
Cirsium Mill. (1745)
(North American - HG1) 		Thistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Michx.
1803. Cirsium muticum Michx.
1807. Carduus muticus (Michx.) Pers.
1814. Cnicus muticus (Michx.) Pursh
1838. Cirsium bigelovii DC.
 Swamp thistle,
Dunce-nettle,
Horsetops
Chardon mutique,
Circe mutique 		Native, CoC: 9,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL
Biennial,
Herb-forb 		Cirsium muticum WFNY-264.jpg
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(Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng.
1803. Cnicus discolor Muhl. ex Willd.
1818. Carduus discolor
(Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt.
1826. Cirsium discolor
(Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng.
1894. Cirsium altissimum fo. discolor
1902. Cirsium altissimum var. discolor
1917. Cirsium altissimum ssp. discolor
 Field thistle,
Pasture thistle
Chardon discolore,
Circe discolore 		Native, CoC: 1,
Secure,
S5
UPL
Biennial-perennial,
Herb-forb 		Cirsium discolor (15200151605).jpg
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 (L.) Spreng.
1753. Carduus altissimus L.
1804. Cnicus altissimus Willd.
1826. Cirsium altissimum (L.) Spreng.
1826. Cirsium altissimum (L.) Hill
1908. Cirsium iowense
(Pammel) Fernald
1917. Cirsium altissimum
var. biltmoreanum Petr.
 Tall thistle,
Roadside thistle 		Native, CoC: 10,
Likely extirpated
UPL
Biennial,
Herb-forb 		Cirsium altissimum 3-eheep (5097857372).jpg
Cirsium altissimum NY-dist-map.png
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 (Rydb.) Arthur
1900. Carduus flodmanii Rydb.
1903. Cirsium oblanceolatum
(Rydb.) K.Schum.
1912. Cirsium flodmanii (Rydb.) Arthur
 Flodman's thistle,
Prairie thistle 		Introduced,
Midwest native,
Preglacial relict?
FAC-FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		Cirsiumflodmanii.jpg
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Cirsium Mill. (1745)
(North American - HG2) 		Thistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Nutt.) Spreng.
ssp. pumilum
1818. Carduus pumilus Nutt.
1826. Cirsium pumilum (Nutt.) Spreng.
1911. Cirsium odoratum
(Muhl. ex Steud.) Petr.
 Pasture thistle,
Fragrant thistle,
Bull thistle
Chardon nain 		Native, CoC: 1,
Secure
N. R.
Biennial,
Herb-forb 		Cirsium pumilum (14553847355).jpg
Cirsium pumilum var pumilum NY-dist-map.png
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 Michx.
var. horridulum
1803. Cirsium horridulum Michx.
    
    
 Yellow thistle,
Giant thistle,
Bristly thistle,
Horrid thistle,
Bull thistle 		Native, CoC: 5,
Rare
FACU
Annual-biennial,
Herb-forb 		Cirsium horridulum NRCS-2.jpg
Cirsium horridulum var horridulum NY-dist-map.png
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Old-World Cirsium[edit | edit source]
Cirsium vulgare
bull thistle
All three of the Eurasian Cirsium (thistle) species are considered invasive in New York State.
Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Carduinae — Cirsium
Cirsium (Eurasian ) Plume thistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Savi) Ten.
1753. Carduus lanceolatus L.
1798. Carduus vulgaris Savi
1835. Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.
1938. Ci. vulgare Airy Shaw (hom.)
1972. Ci. lanceolatum Scop. non Hill
 Bull thistle,
Common thistle,
Spear thistle,
Scotch thistle
Chardon vulgaire,
Chardon lancéolé,
Gros chardon,
Circe commun,
Circe vulgaire 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Widespread weed,
NE-3[1],
Invasive.org
FACU
Biennial,
Hert-forb 		20130704Cirsium vulgare.jpg
Cirsium vulgare NY-dist-map.png
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 (L.) Scop.
1753. Serratula arvensis L.
1772. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.
1777. Carduus arvensis (L.) E.Robson
1819. Cirsium incanum
(S.G.Gmel.) Fisch. ex M.Bieb.
1819. Cirsium setosum (Willd.) M.Bieb.
 Creeping thistle,
Canada thistle,
Field thistle
Chardon des champs,
Chardon du Canada,
Circe des champs 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Highly invasive,
NYIS: 71%[2],
Prohibited[3],
CP-2[4] NE-2[5]
FACU
Perennial,
Hert-forb 		20170715Cirsium arvense2.jpg
Cirsium arvense NY-dist-map.png
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 (L.) Scop.
1753. Carduus palustris L.
1772. Cirsium Palustre (L.) Scop.
    
 Marsh thistle,
Marsh plume thistle,
European marsh thistle,
European swamp thistle
Chardon des marais,
Cirse des marais 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Moderately invasive,
NYIS: 68% [6],
NE-2[5]
FACW
Perennial,
Hert-forb 		Cirsium palustris - Oberolmer Wald IMG 5821.JPG
Cirsium palustre NY-dist-map.png
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  1. ↑ Category 3 Plants - widespread non-native species - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service
  2. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Cirsium arvense: Highly invasive (71%).
  3. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species
  4. ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)
  5. ↑ a b Category 2 Plants - moderately invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service
  6. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Cirsium palustre: Moderately invaisve (68%).
Carduus[edit | edit source]
Carduus acanthoides
spiny plumeless thistle
Carduus species are known as plumeless thistles.
Asterales — Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Carduinae — Carduus
Carduus Plumeless thistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
ssp. acanthoides
 Spiny plumeless thistle Introduced,
Moderately invasive 		20170619Carduus acanthoides2.jpg
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Musk thistle,
Nodding thistle,
Nodding plumeless thistle 		Introduced,
Moderately invasive 		Carduus nutans carriere-saint-maximin 60 01072008 01.jpg
Carduus nutans NY-dist-map.png
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Curled plumless-thistle,
Welted thistle,
Curled thistle 		Introduced Carduus crispus20110612 339.jpg
Carduus crispus NY-dist-map.png
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ssp. pycnocephalus
 Italian thistle Introduced,
Unvouchered waif 		Carduus pycnocephalus 1.jpg
Nymap.svg
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Serratula[edit | edit source]
Asterales — Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Carduinae — Serratula
Serratula (excluded) Plumeless saw-wort N.Y. Status Images Distribution  NPT
 L.
    Serratula tinctoria L.
    
    
 Dyer's plumeless saw-wort,
Saw-wort 		Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		Serratula tinctoria 1.jpg
Nymap.svg
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Subtribe Centaureinae[edit | edit source]

The Centaureinae contains knapweeds and starthistles, none of which are native to New York, and some of which are considered to be seriously invasive in the state.[1]

Plectocephalus[edit | edit source]
Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Centaureinae — Plectocephalus
Plectocephalus Basketflower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Nutt.
1821. Centaurea americana Nutt.
1830. Plectocephalus americanus
(Nutt.) D.Don
 American star-thistle,
American basketflower,
Powderpuff thistle,
Thornless thistle 		Introduced from
 south-central US,
N.Y. excluded 		Centaurea americana2.jpg
Nymap.svg
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  1. ↑ Tree of Life: Centaureinae
Centaurea[edit | edit source]
The subgeneric classification of Centaurea (knapweeds) used here is based on Hilpold et al. (2014).[1]
  1. ↑ Hilpold, A., Garcia-Jacas, N., Vilatersana, R. & Susanna, A. 2014. "Taxonomical and nomenclatural notes on Centaurea: A proposal of classification, a description of new sections and subsections, and a species list of the redefined section Centaurea." Collectanea Botanica '33:e001. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2013.v33.001
Centaurea identification[edit | edit source]
Four of the most common and invasive knapweed species can often be distinguished by the involucre bracts, the scale-like structures surrounding the inflorescence, just below flower petals.[1]
  • Centaurea stoebe (spotted): Bracts are black tipped, tip and upper margin have soft, spine-like fringe, Center spine shorter than others.
  • Centaurea jacea (brown): Bracts are somewhat hairy, with broad, thin papery margins. Center of bract is dark brown.
  • Centaurea nigra (black): Bracts are oval-shaped with broad, comb-like, dark brown or black fringed margins. Fringe length up to 3 times as long as bract width.
  • Centaurea × moncktonii (meadow, brown × black): Bracts are light to dark brown, roundish, with thin papery margin with fringes about equal width of bract center.
  1. ↑ Celestine Duncan (2018). "What’s the Difference Between Spotted, Brown, Black, and Meadow Knapweed?" TechLine Invasive Plant News Published November 2018; reviewed May, 2019.
Centaurea subg. Centaurea sect. Centaurea[edit | edit source]
Centaurea stoebe
spotted knapweed
Centaurea sect. Centaurea contains spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos), which has widely naturalized in much of North America , including New York State, where it is considered highly invasive.
Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Centaureinae — Centaurea subg. Centaurea sect. Centaurea
Centaurea subg. Centaurea sect. Centaurea Knapweed, Starthistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
ssp. micranthos
(S.G.Gmel. ex Gugler) Hayek
1838. Centaurea biebersteinii DC.
1872. C. australis Pančić ex A. Kern.
1907. C. maculosa ssp. micranthos
1931. C. stoebe ssp. micranthos
2003. C. stoebe ssp. australis
 auct. C. maculosa non Lam.
 auct. Acosta maculosa non (Lam.) Holub
 Spotted knapweed,
Spotted star-thistle
Centaurée maculée,
Centaurée tachetée 		Introduced from
 southeast Europe,
Highly invasive,
NYIS: 79%[1],
CP-3[2] NE-1[3],
SNA, GNR 		Centaurea stoebe ssp micranthos EP4490-05.png
Centaurea stoebe ssp micranthos NY-dist-map.png
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 L.
1753. Centaurea cineraria L.
1785. C. candidissima Lam.
1839. C. gymnocarpa Moris & DeNot.[4]
1974. Acosta cineraria (L.) Holub
 Silver knapweed,
Star-thistle,
Dusty miller 		Introduced from
 southern Europe,
Impersistent,
Unk. naturalization,
SNA 		Centaurea cineraria 1.jpg
Nymap.svg
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Centaurea (excluded taxa) Knapweed, Starthistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Lam.
1785. Centaurea diffusa Lam.
1799. C. parviflora Desf.
1822. C. parviflora Besser hom.
1970. C. microcalathina A.O.Tarassov
1972. Acosta diffusa (Lam.) Soják
 Diffuse knapweed,
White knapweed,
Tumble knapweed 		Introduced,
Highly invasive,
NYIS: 79%[1],
FEIS 		Centaurea diffusa 1459254.jpg
Excluded nymap.svg
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  Centaurea diffusa ×
  C. stoebe ssp. micranthos
 Hybrid of
 Diffuse knapweed &
 Spotted knapweed 		Introduced,
Highly invasive,
NYIS: 79%[1] 		Ny hybrid.svg
Excluded nymap.svg
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Jersey knapweed Introduced,
N.Y. excluded,
Note[5] 		C. paniculata-img 000690378O.jpg
Excluded nymap.svg
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  1. ↑ a b c New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – C. stoebe, C. diffusa, C. × psammogena: High (79).
  2. ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)
  3. ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service
  4. ↑ Euro+Med Plantbase lists Centaurea gymnocarpa as an accepted species, while the Global Compositae Checklist lists it as a synonym of Centaurea cinerea. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2014.1, states "C. gymnocarpa belongs to the group known as the "cineraria" group. This group probably was once a single species when the land masses were united, but as islands were formed, new species evolved on each island. This means that today there are a number of closely related species of Centaurea in the Mediterranean growing on rocky seaward cliffs, all probably related to a common ancestor."
  5. ↑ Centaurea paniculata checklist entries were based on reports only. No known specimens from New York exist. It is similar in appearance to Centaurea stoebe.
Centaurea subg. Centaurea sect. Phrygia[edit | edit source]
Centaurea × moncktonii
meadow knapweed
Centaurea sect. Phrygia, in New York State, contains three moderately invasive species of knapweeds, cumulatively known as the Centaurea jacea complex, and gradations of hybrids between possibly all three of them. The named hybrid Centaurea × moncktonii (C. jacea × C. nigra) is morphologically variable, and some individuals appear to have a similarity to C. nigrescens, possibly resulting from hybridization between all three species.


Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Centaureinae — Centaurea subg. Centaurea sect. Phrygia
Centaurea subg. Centaurea sect. Phrygia Knapweed N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Centaurea jacea L.
1778. Jacea pratensis Lam.
1799. Centaurea pratensis Thuill. (i)
 Brown knapweed,
Brownray knapweed,
Brown-rayed knapweed,,
Brown starthistle 		Introduced,
Moderately invasive,
NYIS: 62%[1],
CP-3[2] 		Brown Knapweed (Centaurea jacea), strange coloured phyllaries - violet coloured involuctral bracts.jpg
Centaurea jacea NY-dist-map.png
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 L.
1753. Centaurea nigra L.
1769. Jacea nigra (L.) Hill
1852. Centaurea nemoralis Jord.
1894. Centaurea jacea ssp. nigra
 Black knapweed,
Lesser knapweed,
Common knapweed,
Black starthistle 		Introduced from
 Europe,
 northern Africa,
Moderately invasive,
NYIS: 62%[1] 		Common Knapweed (Centaurea nigra).jpg
Centaurea nigra NY-dist-map.png
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C.E.Britton
  Centaurea jacea ×
  Centaurea nigra
1799. C. pratensis Thuill. non Salisb.
1813. C. nigra var. radiata
18??. C. jacea var. pratensis
1975. C. debeauxii ssp. thuillieri
1921. Centaurea × moncktonii
C.E.Britton
 Meadow knapweed,
Protean knapweed,
Hybrid of
 black knapweed &
 brown knapweed 		Introduced from
 Europe,
Moderately invasive,
NYIS: 62%[1] 		Centaurea x moncktonii p1326.jpg
Centaurea × moncktonii NY-dist-map.png
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Wikispecies
 Willd.
1803. Centaurea nigrescens Willd.
1831. C. vochinensis Bernh. ex Rchb.
1917. C. dubia ssp. nigrescens
1917. C. dubia ssp. vochinensis
 Tyrol knapweed,
Short-fringed knapweed,
Short-fringed starthistle,
Vochin knapweed 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Moderately invasive,
NYIS: 62%[1] 		Centaurea sp., Giresun 2018-08-18 1.jpg
Centaurea nigrescens NY-dist-map.png
 NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos

Images
Wikispecies
    Centaurea austriaca
    C. uniflora ssp. nervosa
 Wig knapweed Introduced,
Impersistent,
Unk. naturalization 		Centaurea phrygia Oulu, Finland 13.07.2013 img 1.jpg
Centaurea phrygia NY-dist-map.png
 NYFA-Xu
USDA-X0

Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ a b c d New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – C. jacea, C. nigra, C. nigrescens, C. × moncktonii: Moderate (62).
  2. ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)
Centaurea subg. Centaurea sect. Cnicus[edit | edit source]
Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Centaureinae — Centaurea subg. Centaurea sect. Cnicus
Centaurea subg. Centaurea sect. Cnicus Knapweed, Starthistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) L.
1753. Cnicus benedictus L.
1763. Centaurea benedicta (L.) L.
1895. Cirsium pugnax
Sommier & Levier
1908. Carduus benedictus Thell. (i)
 Blessed thistle,
Our Lady's thistle
Chardon béni,
Cnicaut béni,
Chardon bénit 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Not naturalized,
SNA 		Cnicus benedictus 002.JPG
Centaurea benedicta NY-dist-map.png
Oswego (1883) 		NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
IPN

Images
Wikispecies
Centaurea subg. Lopholoma[edit | edit source]
Centaurea solstitialis
yellow knapweed
Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Centaureinae — Centaurea subg. Lopholoma
Centaurea subg. Lopholoma Knapweed, Starthistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 Yellow starthistle,
Barnaby star-thistle,
St. Barnaby’s thistle 		Introduced,
Unk. naturalization 		Centaurea solstitialis capitulum.JPG
Centaurea solstitialis NY-dist-map.png
 NYFA-X
USDA-XX

Images
Wikispecies
Great starthistle,
Greater knapweed,
Hardheads,
Scabious knapweed,
Greater centaury 		Introduced,
Unk. naturalization 		Centaurea scabiosa MichaD 2.jpg
Centaurea scabiosa NY-dist-map.png
 NYFA-X
USDA-XX

Images
Wikispecies
Purple starthistle,
Red star-thistle,
Caltrops 		Introduced from
 Europe,
Not naturalized,
Impersistent,
SNA 		Centaurea calcitrapa 001.jpg
Centaurea calcitrapa NY-dist-map.png
Bronx (1898-99),
Kings (1897),
Queens (1879),
Westchester (1894-95) 		NYFA-X
USDA-XX

Images
Wikispecies
North African knapweed Introduced,
Not naturalized,
Impersistent 		Centaurea diluta (37.548916,-4.640892,Co,VI,MFR) D3S2 05.jpg
Centaurea diluta NY-dist-map.png
 NYFA-X
USDA-X0

Images
Wikispecies
Rough star-thistle Introduced,
Not naturalized,
Impersistent,
SNA 		Centaurea aspera (14556978746).jpg
Centaurea aspera NY-dist-map.png
New York (1880) 		NYFA-X
USDA-X0

Images
Wikispecies
Centaurea subg. Cyanus[edit | edit source]
Centaurea cyanus
bachelor’s button
Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Centaureinae — Centaurea subg. Cyanus
Centaurea subg. Cyanus Knapweed, Starthistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L. (1753)
1769. Cyanus segetum Hill
1837. Centaurea pulchra DC.
 Cornflower,
Bachelor’s-button,
Bluebottle,
Bluebonnets 		Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
Naturalized,
Note:[1],
SNA, GNR
UPL-FACU
Annual,
Herb-forb 		Centaurea de Gredos Norte.jpg
Centaurea cyanus NY-dist-map.png
 NYFA-X
USDA-XX

Images
Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Centaurea montana L.
1768. Cyanus montanus (L) Hill
 Mountain starthistle,
Mountain cornflower,
Mountain bluet,
Perennial cornflower 		Introduced Flockenblume (6).jpg
Centaurea montana NY-dist-map.png
 NYFA-X
USDA-XX

Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ Invasive.org lists Centaurea cyanus as invasive in WV, GA, AK, and a troublesome weed in KY, NC.
Carthamus[edit | edit source]
Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Centaureinae — Carthamus
Carthamus Distaff thistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Carthamus tinctorius L.
1753. Cathamus tinctorius L. (i)
 Safflower,
Dyer's-saffron,
False saffron,
Bastard-saffron 		Introduced from
 western Asia?,
 eastern Med.?,
Impersistent,
Not naturalized 		Carthamus tinctorius 002.JPG
Carthamus tinctorius NY-dist-map.png
 NYFA-X
USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos

Images
Wikispecies
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