Flora of New York/Gentianales
← Ericales |
Flora of New York — Gentianales | → Solanales | |||
Table of contents |
Genus index |
Protected species index | Invasive species index | ||
Order Garryales
The order Garryales...[1]
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Family Eucommiaceae
The Eucommiaceae (hard rubber tree family) contains a single living species.[1]
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Eucommia
Although a number of extinct Eucommia species were native to North America, the only living species, Eucommia ulmoides, is native to central China but has been planted worldwide. It is known for being a very cold-tolerant rubber-producing tree. It has been reported as naturalized in Indiana and Ohio, but not in New York State.[1]
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Genus Eucommia | hard rubber tree | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
1890. Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. |
Hardy rubber tree
Hard rubber tree
Chinese rubber tree
Gutta-percha tree |
Introduced, Not naturalized Deciduous, Tree |
NYFA: Xm |
BONAP IUCN Red List: [1] Images Wikispecies | |
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Order Gentianales
The order Gentianales...[1]
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Order | Family | Subfamily | Tribe | Subtribe | Genera | G | T |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gentianales | Rubiaceae | Cinchonoideae | Naucleeae | — | Cephalanthus (button bush) | 1 | 1 |
Rubioideae | Morindeae | — | Mitchella (partridge berry) | 1 | 1 | ||
Spermacoceae | — | Diodia (buttonweed) Houstonia (bluet) Oldenlandia (clustered bluets) |
3 | 6 | |||
Rubieae | — | Rubia (madder) Sherardia (field-madder) Asperula (woodruff) Cruciata (bedstraw) Galium (bedstraw, wild-licorice, cleavers) |
5 | 29 | |||
Loganiaceae | — | — | — | Spigelia (Indian pink, pinkroot) | 1 | 1 | |
Gentianaceae | — | Chironieae | — | Centaurium (centaury) Sabatia (rose gentian, pink) |
2 | 6 | |
Gentianeae | Gentianinae | Gentiana (gentian) | 1 | 5 | |||
Swertiinae | Bartonia (screwstem) Frasera (green-gentian) Gentianella (dwarf gentian) Gentianopsis (fringed-gentian) Halenia (spurred-gentian) |
5 | 7 | ||||
Apocynaceae | Rauvolfioideae | Vinceae | Vincinae | Vinca (periwinkle) | 1 | 2 | |
Amsonieae | — | Amsonia (bluestar) | 1 | 3 | |||
Apocynoideae | Apocyneae | — | Apocynum (dogbane) | 1 | 3 | ||
Periplocoideae | — | — | Periploca (silk vine) | 1 | 1 | ||
Asclepiadoideae | Asclepiadeae | Asclepiadinae | Asclepias (milkweed) | 1 | 12 | ||
Cynanchinae | Cynanchum (honeyvine) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Tylophorinae | Vincetoxicum (swallow-wort) | 1 | 3 |
Family Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae (coffee or madder family).[1][2]
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Subfamily Cinchonoideae
Tribe Naucleeae
Cephalanthus
buttonbush |
Genus Cephalanthus | Buttonbush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Cephalanthus occidentalis L. 1828. C. occidentalisvar. pubescens 1849. C. occidentalisvar. californicus 1917. C. berlandieri Wernham |
Buttonbush, Common buttonbush, Eastern buttonbush, Button willow, Honey bells Céphalanthe occidental, Céphalante occidental, Bois-bouton, Bois-noir |
Native, CoC: 7, Secure OBL Perennial, Tree, shrub, Sun - part shade |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
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Subfamily Rubioideae
Tribe Morindeae
Mitchella
partridgeberry |
Genus Mitchella | Mitchella | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Mitchella repens L. 1862. Perdicesca repens (L.) Prov. |
Partridgeberry, Partridge-berry, Two-eyed berry, Twinberry, Squaw vine Pain-de-perdrix |
Native, CoC: 6, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb, Part shade - shade |
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NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
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Tribe Spermacoceae
Diodia
Genus Diodia | Buttonweed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Walter 1788. Diodia teres Walter 1913. Diodella teres (Walter) Small 2014. Hexasepalum teres (Walter) J.H.Kirkbr. |
Rough buttonweed, Buttonweed, Poorjoe |
Native, CoC: 0, Secure FACU-UPL Annual, Herb-forb |
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NYFA: 5 |
USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN LBJ Images Wikispecies |
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Houstonia
![]() bluets |
Genus Houstonia | Bluet | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Houstonia caerulea L.
1833. Hedyotis caerulea (L.) Hook.
1834. Anotis coerulea (L.) G.Don
1856. Oldenlandia caerulea (L.) A.Gray
1907. Houstonia caerulea var. faxonorum Pease & A.H.Moore |
Common bluets ⓘ
Quaker ladies ⓘ
Little bluet ⓘ
Azure bluet ⓘ
Bluets ⓘ
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Native, CoC: 1, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
Gaertn. |
Long-leaved bluets ⓘ
Longleaf summer bluet ⓘ
Houstonie à longues feuilles
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Native, CoC: 8, Secure 0 Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
L. var. calycosa A.Gray 1813. Hedyotis lanceolata Poir.
1830. Anotis lanceolata (Poir.) DC.
1884. Houstonia purpurea var. calycosa
1901. Houstonia calycosa (A. Gray) C. Mohr
1901. Houstonia lanceolata (Poir.) Britton
1954. Hedyotis purpurea var. calycosa (A.Gray) Fosberg |
Midwestern purple bluet, Purple bluet, Venus' pride |
Native, Endangered |
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NYFA: Z1 |
USDA-N0 ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
L. var. purpurea Hedyotis purpurea |
Purple bluet | Native, Endangered |
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NYFA: Z |
Images Wikispecies |
Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. 1818. Houstonia canadensis in…
1941. Hedyotis canadensis in… |
Canada bluets ⓘ
Canadian summer bluet ⓘ
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Native, CoC: 7, Unranked Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA: U |
USDA-N0 Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
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Oldenlandia
Genus Oldenlandia | Oldenlandia | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. |
Clustered bluets, Clustered mille graines |
Native, Endangered |
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NYFA: 1 |
USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |
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Tribe Rubieae
Galium
Galium sect. Platygalium
Genus Galium sect. Platygalium | Bedstraw | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Galium boreale L. 1800. G. hyssopifolium Hoffm. 1818. G. septentrionale Roem.& Schult. 1819. G. strictum Torr. 1830. G. borealevar. hyssopifolium 1830. G. borealevar. intermedium |
Northern bedstraw, Boreal bedstraw, Crosswort Gaillet boréal |
Native, CoC: 6, Secure |
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NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies |
(Torr.) Torr. 1819. G. circaezansvar. lanceolatum 1824. G. lanceolatum (Torr.) Torr. |
Lanceleaf wild licorice, Lanceleaf licorice bedstraw, Torrey's wild licorice, Spear wild licorice Gaillet lancéolé |
Native, CoC: 7, Secure |
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NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
Michx. var. circaezans G. bermudense G. circaeoides G. rotundifoliumvar. circaezans |
Licorice bedstraw, Wild licorice |
Native, CoC: 7, Secure |
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NYFA: 5 |
USDA- Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies Note: IWF |
Michx. var. hypomalacum |
Licorice bedstraw, Forest bedstraw, Wild licorice |
Native, CoC: 7, Vulnerable |
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NYFA: 3 |
USDA- Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
Aiton ssp. pilosum |
Hairy bedstraw | Native, CoC: 6, Likely secure |
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NYFA: 4 |
USDA-NN Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
Aiton ssp. puncticulosum (Michx.) Torr. & A.Gray 1788. Galium purpureum Walter 1791. Galium walteri J.F.Gmel. 1803. Galium puncticulosum Michx. 1805. Galium punctatum Pers. 1841. Galium pilosum var. puncticulosum Torr.& A.Gray |
Hairy bedstraw | Native, No records |
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NYFA: D |
USDA-N0 Go Botany Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
Steller ex Schult. & Schult.f |
Boreal bedstraw | Native, CoC: 10?, Endangered |
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NYFA: 1 |
USDA-NN Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
Torrey & A.Gray |
Shining bedstraw | Native, CoC: 10?, Endangered, NYNHP: 1[1] |
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NYFA: 1 |
USDA-NN Go Botany-0 NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
Galium sect. Aparinoides
Genus Galium sect. Aparinoides | Bedstraw | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Michx. |
Rough bedstraw, Kidney-vine, Pointed cleavers |
Native, CoC: 6, Secure |
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NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
L. |
Common marsh bedstraw, Marsh bedstraw |
Native, CoC: 3, Secure |
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NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
L. |
Stiff marsh bedstraw, Stiff three-petal bedstraw |
Native, CoC: 5, Secure |
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NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
L. ssp. trifidum G. brandegeei A.Gray p.p. |
Three-petal bedstraw | Native, CoC: 7, Secure |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Bigelow 1824 ssp. obtusum G. trifidum var. latifolium Torr. G. obtusum var. ramosum Gleason |
Bluntleaf bedstraw, Blunt-leaved bedstraw |
Native, CoC: 7, Secure |
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NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
(Wieg.) Wieg. G. tinctorium var. labradoricum |
Bog bedstraw, Northern bog bedstraw |
Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure |
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NYFA: 4 |
USDA-NN Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
Fernald & Wiegand G. trifidum ssp. brevipes |
Limestone swamp bedstraw | Native, CoC: 10?, Likely extirpated |
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NYFA: Z |
USDA-NN Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
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Galium sect. Kolgyda
Note that BONAP lists most Galium species, including Galium aparine as noxious weeds in New York, Pennsylvania and New England. This is likely based on prohibited-seed lists that don't distinguish between Galium species.
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Genus Galium sect. Kolgyda | Bedstraw | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753 |
Cleavers, Catchweed bedstraw, Stickywilly, Scratch bedstraw |
Native, CoC: 0, Secure |
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NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NX? Go Botany ARS-GRIN NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
Dandy Galium tricorne Stokes p.p. |
Rough-fruited corn bedstraw, Roughfruit corn bedstraw |
Introduced | ![]() |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
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Galium sect. Hylaea
Genus Galium sect. Hylaea | Bedstraw | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Michx. 1803. Galium triflorum Michx. 1803. Galium jalapense Schltdl. 1935. Galium triflorum var. asprelliforme Fernald |
Sweet-scented bedstraw, Three-flowered bedstraw, Fragrant bedstraw Gaillet à trois fleurs, Gaillet odorant |
Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-vine |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
(L.) Scop. Asperula odorata |
Sweet bedstraw, Sweetscented bedstraw, Sweet woodruff |
Introduced from temperate Eurasia, Somewhat invasive, NYIS: 48%[1] |
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NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
Galium sect. Leiogalium
hedge bedstraw |
Genus Galium sect. Leiogalium | Bedstraw | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Mill. 1753. Galium mollugo L. misapplied
1762. Galium erectum Huds.
1768. Galium album Mill.
Galium mollugo ssp. erectum (Huds.) Briq.
1926. Galium mollugo var. erectum (Huds.) Domin
Galium album var. erectum Domin |
Hedge bedstraw ⓘ
White bedstraw ⓘ
False baby's breath ⓘ
Whorled bedstraw ⓘ
Wild madder
Gaillet mollugine, Caille-lait blanc |
Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Potentially invasive, IO, NE-3[1] |
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NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies |
L. 1762. Galium sylvaticum L. |
Scotch-mist, Wood bedstraw, Baby's breath Gaillet des bois, Gaillet des forêts |
Introduced | NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Galium (excluded taxa) | Bedstraw | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Galium mollugo L.
1880. Rubia mollugo (L.) Baill. |
False baby's breath ⓘ
Smooth bedstraw ⓘ
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Introduced, N.Y. excluded |
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NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies |
L. 1762. Galium aristatum L. |
Awned bedstraw | Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, N.Y. excluded |
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NYFA-Excluded |
USDA- Go Botany-0 ITIS BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies |
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Galium sect. Galium
Genus Galium sect. Galium | Bedstraw | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. ssp. verum 1753. Galium verum L. 1879. G. verumvar. verum 1885. G. verumssp. verum |
Lady's bedstraw, Yellow bedstraw, Yellow Spring bedstraw |
Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
L. ssp. wirtgenii (F.W. Schultz) Oborný 1854. Galium wirtgenii F.W.Schultz 1879. G. verumvar. wirtgenii 1885. G. verumssp. wirtgenii |
Wirtgen's bedstraw | Introduced | ![]() |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
Retz. Galium mollugo × Galium verum 1795. Galium × pomeranicum Retz. 1804. Galium × ochroleucum Wolf ex Schweigg. 1850. Galium × ambiguum Gren. & Godr. 1903. G. × ochroleucumvar. ambiguum |
Pale yellow bedstraw | Introduced, N. America native |
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NYFA: X |
USDA-XN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
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Galium sect. Asperula
Genus Galium sect. Asperula | Woodruff | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | n NPT |
(L.) F. Herm. 1753. Asperula arvensis L.
1844. Asperula setosa Jaub. & Spach
1904. G. sherardiiflorum (L.) E.H.L.Krause
1844. Asperula arvensis var. setosa (Jaub. & Spach) J.Thiébaut
1956. G. arvense (L.) F. Herm. |
Blue woodruff | Introduced | ![]() |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XW ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
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Galium sect. Cruciata
Genus Galium sect. Cruciata | Bedstraw | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | n NPT |
(Bellardi) Ehrend. 1789. Galium pedemontanum (Bellardi) All. 1788. Vaillantia pedemontana Bellardi 1961. Cruciata pedemontana (Bellardi) Ehrend. |
Piedmont bedstraw, Yellow bedstraw, Piedmont Crosswort |
Introduced | ![]() |
NYFA: X |
USDA- Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
Opiz 1771. Galium cruciata (L.) Scop. 1852. Cruciata laevipes Opiz 1958. Cruciata chersonensis Ehrend. |
Smooth bedstraw | Introduced | ![]() |
NYFA: X |
USDA-X0 Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
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Sherardia
Genus Sherardia | Field madder | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. |
Blue field madder, Blue fieldmadder, Cultivated field madder |
Introduced | ![]() |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Images Wikispecies |
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Rubia
Genus Rubia | Rubia | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. Rubia tinctoria L. orth. var. |
Dyer's madder, Indian madder, Madder |
Introduced, Impersistent |
NYFA: Xm |
USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies | |
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Family Loganiaceae
The Loganiaceae is a mostly-tropical family with no members that are native to or reported to have naturalized in New York.
Spigelia
Genus Spigelia | Pinkroot | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) L. 1753. Lonicera marilandica L. 1767. Spigelia marilandica (L.) L. |
Indian pink, Woodland pinkroot |
N. America native southern US, No specimens, Cultivated Perennial, Forb-herb |
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NYFA: 0 |
USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
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Family Gentianaceae
The Gentianaceae (gentian family).[1][2]
Tribe Chironieae
Centaurium
![]() common centaury
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Genus Centaurium | Centaury | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Rafn 1782. Centaurium umbellatum Gilib. inval.
1800. Centaurium erythraea Rafn
auct. Centaurium minus non Moench, rej.
auct. Erythraea centaurium |
Common centaury, European centaury |
Introduced FAC |
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NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
(Sw.) Druce |
Branched centaury, Branching centaury-plant, Lesser centaury |
Introduced FAC |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
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Sabatia
Genus Sabatia | Rose-gentian | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Pursh S. maculata (Benth.) Benth. & Hook.f.
S. palmeri A.Gray
S. purpusii Brandegee
S. simulata Britton |
Sea pink, Marsh pink, Rose of Plymouth, Saltmarsh rosegentian |
Native, Threatened, NYNHP: 2[1] |
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NYFA: 2 |
USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |
(L.) Pursh 1753. Chironia angularis L. 1814. Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh |
Square-stemmed rose pink, Rose pink, Bitterbloom |
Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1[2] |
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NYFA: 1 |
USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
(L.) Torr. Sabatia gracilis (Michx.) Salisb. |
Slender marsh pink, Slender rose gentian |
Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1[3] |
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NYFA: 1 |
USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |
(L.) BSP. var. dodecandra Chironia dodecandra L. Sabatia chloroides (Michx.) Pursh |
Large marsh pink, Marsh rose gentian |
Native, Extirpated |
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NYFA: Z |
USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |
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Tribe Gentianeae
Subtribe Gentianinae
Gentiana
Genus Gentiana | Gentian | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Griseb. |
Fringe-topped bottle gentian | Native, Likely secure |
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NYFA: 4 |
USDA-NN Go Botany LBJ Images Wikispecies |
Raf. |
Bottle gentian, Closed gentian |
Native, Likely secure |
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NYFA: 4 |
USDA-NN Go Botany LBJ Images Wikispecies |
Froel. |
Narrow-leaved gentian | Native, Vulnerable |
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NYFA: 3-4 |
USDA-NN Go Botany LBJ Images Wikispecies |
L. |
Soapwort gentian, Soap gentian, Harvestbells |
Native, Endangered |
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NYFA: 1 |
USDA-N0 Go Botany LBJ Images Wikispecies |
Pringle |
Downy gentian | Native, Likely extirpated |
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NYFA: Z |
USDA-NN Go Botany LBJ Images Wikispecies |
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Subtribe Swertiinae
Bartonia
Genus Bartonia | Screwstem | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1753. Sagina virginica L. 1801. Bartonia tenella Willd. 1888. Bartonia virginica (L.) BSP 1895. Bartonia moseri B.L.Rob. |
Yellow screwstem, Virginia screwstem, Yellow bartonia Bartonie de Virginie |
Native, Likely secure |
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NYFA: 4 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Tropicos IPN Images Wikispecies |
ssp. paniculata |
Twining screwstem | Native, Endangered |
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NYFA: 1 |
Images Wikispecies |
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Frasera
Genus Frasera | Green-gentian | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Frasera officinalis
Frasera verticillata
Frasera walteri
Swertia caroliniensis |
Columbo
American columbo
Green gentian
Yellow gentian
Carolina gentian
|
Native, Threatened |
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NYFA: 2 |
USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
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Gentianella
Genus Gentianella | Dwarf-gentian | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Small ssp. quinquefolia |
Agueweed, Gall-of-the-earth, Stiff gentian |
Native, Likely secure |
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NYFA: 4 |
USDA-NN Go Botany LBJ Images Wikispecies |
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Gentianopsis
Genus Gentianopsis | Fringed-gentian | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Froel.) Ma |
Greater fringed gentian | Native, Likely secure |
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NYFA: 4 |
USDA-NN Go Botany LBJ Images Wikispecies |
(Raf.) Holub |
Lesser fringed gentian | Native, Endangered |
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NYFA: 1 |
USDA-NN Go Botany LBJ Images Wikispecies |
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Halenia
Genus Halenia | Spurred-gentian | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Sm.) Griseb. |
Spurred gentian | Native, Endangered |
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NYFA: 1 |
USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
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Family Apocynaceae
The Apocynaceae (dogbane or periwinkle family).[1][2][3]
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Subfamily Rauvolfioideae
Tribe Vinceae
A very common New York ground cover, both cultivated and naturalized is Vinca minor, known commonly as periwinkle or myrtle. It is often found in wooded areas were old homesteads once stood and along ditches and stream banks where floodwaters have carried the rhizomes downstream from their previous location.
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Subtribe Vincinae
Vinca
While Vinca minor is very common outside of cultivation and is considered to be moderately invasive, Vinca major rarely naturalizes in New York State.
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Genus Vinca | Periwinkle | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Vinca minor L. |
Lesser periwinkle, Common periwinkle, Myrtle, Running-myrtle Petite pervenche, Pervenche mineure |
Introduced from Eurasia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 57%[1], CP-3[2] |
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NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
L. 1753. Vinca major L. |
Greater periwinkle, Bigleaf periwinkle, Large-leaved periwinkle Grande pervenche |
Introduced from Eurasia, Rarely naturalizing |
NYFA: X |
USDA- Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
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Tribe Amsonieae
Amsonia
Genus Amsonia | Bluestar | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Walter var. tabernaemontana 1762. Tabernaemontana amsonia L. 1788. Amsonia tabernaemontana Walter 1894. Amsonia amsonia (L.) Britton |
Eastern bluestar, Texas-star |
Introduced from southern US, N. America native |
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NYFA: X |
USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
Walter var. salicifolia (Pursh) Woodson 1814. Amsonia salicifolia Pursh 1838. Ansonia salicifolia (Pursh) Raf. 1928. A. tabernaemontanavar. salicifolia (Pursh) Woodson |
Eastern bluestar, Willowleaf Bluestar |
Introduced from southern US, N. America native |
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NYFA: X |
USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
Woodson |
Bluestar, Ozark bluestar |
Introduced, N. America native |
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NYFA: X |
USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |
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Subfamily Apocynoideae
Tribe Apocyneae
Apocynum
![]() hemp dogbane |
Genus Apocynum | Dogbane | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Apocynum cannabinum L. 1770. Apocynum sibiricum Jacq. 1789. Apocynum hypericifolium Aiton 1902. Apocynum suksdorfii Greene 1912. Apocynum ithacense Greene |
Hemp dogbane, Clasping-leaved dogbane, Indian hemp, American-hemp Apocyn chanvrin, Apocyn à feuilles de millepertuis |
Native, CoC: 2, Secure |
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NYFA: 5 |
USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
1753. Apocynum androsaemifolium L. 1894. Apocynum pumilum (A.Gray) Greene 1901. Apocynum ambigens Greene 1906. Apocynum scopulorum Greene |
Spreading dogbane, Bitter-root, Common dogbane, Creeping dogbane Apocyn à feuilles d'androsème, Herbe à la puce |
Native, CoC: 2, Secure |
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NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
Greene (pro sp.) Apocynum androsaemifolium × Apocynum cannabinum 1893. Apocynum × floribundum Greene 1897. Apocynum × medium Greene 1901. Apocynum × milleri Britton 1930. Apocynum × jonesii Woodson |
Intermediate dogbane, Jones' dogbane, Hybrid of hemp dogbane & spreading dogbane Apocyn moyen |
Native, CoC: x, Secure |
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NYFA: 4 |
USDA-N VASCAN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
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Subfamily Periplocoideae
Periploca
Silkvine (Periploca graeca) is native to eastern Europe and is listed as invasive in Northeastern Spain. It is capable of rooting vegetatively from small pieces of stem.[1]
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Vouchered plant specimens have been collected from Erie and Monroe counties, but it is not thought to have naturalized there.[1] It has also been reported along roadsides in Suffolk County, NY, and Fairfield County, CT, but it is uncertain whether those plants were cultivated or naturalized.[2]
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Periploca Tourn. ex. L. | Silk-vine | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Periploca graeca L. 1820. Periploca graeca Schult. |
Silkvine, Silk vine, Grecian silkvine Bourreau des arbres |
Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive Perennial, Woody vine |
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NYFA: X |
USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies |
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Subfamily Asclepiadoideae
The New York Flora Atlas includes Asclepias, Cynanchum, and Periploca in Asclepiadaceae. It includes the three Vincetoxicum species as Cynanchum.[1]
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Tribe Asclepiadeae
Subtribe Asclepiadinae
Asclepias
The milkweed genus Asclepias is here separated into two clades according to Fishbein, et. al. (2011).[1] Each of these clades contains milkweeds that support monarch butterfly developmemt. In New York, these are:
Showy milkweed (Asclepias speciosa) also supports monarchs west of the Mississippi, where it is native, but the benefit of planting it in New York for this purpose could be questioned. |
Asclepias clade incarnata/verticillata
Genus Asclepias | Milkweed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. ssp. incarnata 1753. Asclepias incarnata L. |
Western swamp milkweed, Swamp milkweed, Rose milkweed Asclépiade incarnate, Asclépiade rouge |
Native, CoC: 4, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
L. ssp. pulchra (Ehrh. ex Willd.) Woodson 1798. Asclepias pulchra Ehrh. ex Willd. 1840. Asclepias maritima Raf. non Jacq. 1921. A. incarnatavar. neoscotica 1954. A. incarnatavar. pulchra |
Eastern swamp milkweed, Swamp milkweed |
Native, CoC: 4, Vulnerable OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA: 3? |
USDA-N0 Go Botany ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
L. 1753. Asclepias verticillata L. |
Whorled milkweed, Eastern whorled milkweed, Horsetail milkweed |
Native, CoC: 9, Threatened, NYNHP: S2[1] FACU-UPL Perennial, Herb-forb |
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NYFA: 3 |
USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
Asclepias clade syriaca/speciosa
Genus Asclepias | Milkweed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1762. Asclepias syriaca L. 1840. A. serica Raf. 1844. A. cornuti Decne. 1904. A. kansana Vail 1935. A. syriacavar. kansana |
Common milkweed, Kansas milkweed, Silkweed, Virginia silk Asclépiade commune, Cochons de lait, Herbe à coton |
Native, CoC: 0, Secure |
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NYFA: 5 |
USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
Jacq. 1767. Asclepias quadrifolia Jacq. 1818. A. vanilla Raf. 1840. A. quadrifolia var. oppositifolia |
Fourleaf milkweed, Four-leaved milkweed, Whorled milkweed Asclépiade à quatre feuilles |
Native, CoC: 7, Secure |
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NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
L. 1753. Asclepias tuberosa L. 1753. Asclepias decumbens L. |
Butterfly-weed, Butterfly milkweed, Orange milkweed, Pleurisy root Asclépiade tubéreuse, Asclépiade de l'intérieur |
Native, CoC: 2, Likely secure |
NYFA: 4 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Sm. 1797. A. amplexicaulis Sm. 1803. A. obtusifolia Michx. 1832. A. rotundifolia Raf. 1930. A. gladewitzii Farw. |
Clasping milkweed, Blunt-leaved milkweed |
Native, CoC: 2, Likely secure |
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NYFA: 4 |
USDA-N Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
L. 1756. Asclepias exaltata L. 1762. A. syriacavar. exaltata 1788. A. polystachya Walter 1814. A. phytolaccoides G.F. Lyon ex Pursh 1904. A. bicknellii Vail |
Poke milkweed, Tall milkweed Asclépiade très grande, Grande asclépiade |
Native, CoC: 6, Likely secure FACU-UPL Perennial, Herb-forb, Sun - part shade |
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NYFA: 4 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
L. 1753. Asclepias purpurascens L. 1753. A. amoena L. 1794. A. compressa Moench 1832. A. dasypus Raf. 1840. A. gonalis Raf. |
Purple milkweed, Eastern purple milkweed Asclépiade pourprée |
Native, CoC: 2, Threatened, USFS-CA, NYNHP: 2[1] FACU Perennial, Herb-forb |
NYFA: 2-3 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Raf. 1808. Asclepias viridiflora Raf. 1819. As. lanceolata E.Ives (i) 1824. As. viridifloravar. lanceolata 1829. Acerates viridiflora (Raf.) Pursh ex Eaton 1841. Acerates lanceolata Steud. 1946. As. viridifloravar. linearis |
Green milkweed, Green comet milkweed, Short green milkweed, Green-flowered milkweed Asclépiade à fleurs vertes |
Native, CoC: 10, Threatened, NYNHP: 2[2] |
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NYFA: 2 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
White milkweed, Redring milkweed |
Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, NYNHP: 1[3] |
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NYFA: 1 |
USDA-N Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
L. 1753. Asclepias rubra L. 1788. A. cordata Walter (i) 1803. A. laurifolia Michx. 1814. A. acuminata Pursh 1818. A. periplocaefolia Nutt. 1903. A. rubravar. laurifolia |
Red milkweed, Tall pink bog milkweed |
Native, CoC: 10, No recent reports OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, Sun - part shade |
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NYFA: Z |
USDA-N Go Botany-0 VASCAN-0 ITIS BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies |
Vail Asclepias amplexicaulis × Asclepias syriaca 1904. Asclepias intermedia Vail |
Intermediate milkweed, Hybrid of clasping milkweed & common milkweed |
Native, Unranked |
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NYFA: ? |
USDA-NN BONAP Images Wikispecies |
Torr. 1827. Asclepias speciosa Torr. 1837. Asclepias douglasii Hook. 1931. Asclepias giffordii Eastw. |
Showy milkweed, Greek milkweed Belle asclépiade |
Introduced from w. North America, N. America native, No reports |
NYFA: P |
USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
A. speciosa × syriaca Asclepias speciosa × Asclepias syriaca |
Hybrid Showy milkweed & Common milkweed |
Native, Introduced, No reports |
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BONAP Images Wikispecies Note: [4] | |
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Subtribe Cynanchinae
Many sources, including the New York Flora Atlas still include the Vincetoxicum species in Cynanchum.
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Cynanchum
Genus Cynanchum L. | Swallow-wort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Michx.) Pers. 1803. Gonolobus laevis Michx. 1805. Cynanchum laeve Pers. 1818. Enslenia albida Nutt. 1894. Ampelamus albidus Britton 2001. Ampelamus laevis Krings |
Honeyvine, Smooth swallowwort, Climbing milkweed Dompte-venin glabre |
Introduced, US South native |
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NYFA: X |
USDA-NX VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
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Subtribe Tylophorinae
Vincetoxicum
Vincetoxicum includes the two very highly invasive alien vines black swallow-wort (Vincetoxicum nigrum) and pale swallow-wort (Vincetoxicum rossicum), also known as dog-strangling vines, which are both well-established in parts of New York State. Aside from their general invasiveness and the subsequent loss of habitat for native plants, these milkweed relatives have been implicated in luring monarch butterflies away from native milkweed as a place to lay eggs. Because only milkweed can supprort monarch larvae, those that hatch from eggs laid on the swallow-wort cannot survive.
As with some other invasive plants, when swallow-wort is first introduced in an area, its rate of spread is fairly slow, so the rate of future spread and the difficulty of controlling it is often underestimated. A phenomenon called the Allee effect is responsible for increasing the growth rate of individual swallow-wort plants as their population increases and the population of competing plants declines, up to a limit of course.[1] The root cause of this effect is not certain, but a likely contributor is allelopathy on the part of the invasive swallow-worts, which both produce the phytotoxin -(-) antofine. |
Genus Vincetoxicum | Swallow-wort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Moench 1753. Asclepias nigra L. 1802. Vincetoxicum nigrum Moench 1805. Cynanchum nigrum Pers. nom. illeg. 1991. Cynanchum louiseae Kartesz & … |
Black swallow-wort, Black dog-strangling vine, Climbing poison, Louise's swallow-wort Dompte-venin noir, Cynaque noir, Cynanche noire |
Introduced from southern Europe, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 90%[1], Prohibited[2], CP-2[3] Perennial, Forb-herb, vine |
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NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies |
(Kleopow) Barbar. 1929. Cynanchum rossicum Kleopow 1950. Vincetoxicum rossicum Barbar. 1952. Antitoxicum rossicum Pobed. auct. Cynanchum medium non R.Br. auct. Vincetoxicum medium non Dcne. |
Pale swallow-wort, European swallow-wort, Dog-strangling vine (DSV) Dompte-venin de Russie |
Introduced from eastern Europe, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 88%[4], Prohibited[2], CP-3[5] Perennial, Forb-herb, vine |
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NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies |
Medik. 1753. Asclepias vincetoxicum L. 1790. Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik. 1794. Vincetoxicum officinale Moench 1805. Cynanchum vincetoxicum (L.) Pers. 1883. Vincetoxicum vincetoxicum H.Karst. 1961. Alexitoxicon vincetoxicum H.P.Fuchs |
White swallow-wort, Pale swallow-wort, White dog-strangling vine, Poison-rope swallowwort Dompte-venin officinal |
Introduced, Questionable[6] Perennial, Forb-herb, vine |
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NYFA: X |
USDA-XX VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |
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← Ericales |
Flora of New York — Gentianales | → Solanales | |||
Table of contents |
Genus index |
Protected species index | Invasive species index | ||