Flora of New York/Ginkgoales, Pinales
← Polypodiales |
Flora of New York — Pinales | → Nymphaeales & magnoliids | |||
Table of contents |
Genus index |
Protected species index | Invasive species index | ||
The gymnosperms in New York include the conifers and ginkgos.[1][2][3]
|
Clade | Order | Family | Subfamily | Genus | Common names | # |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gymnosperms | Ginkgoales | Ginkgoaceae | — | Ginkgo | maidenhair tree, ginkgo | 1 |
Pinales | Pinaceae | Pinoideae | Pinus subg. Strobus | soft pine | 1 | |
Pinus subg. Pinus | hard pines | 8 | ||||
Piceoideae | Picea | spruce | 5 | |||
Laricoideae | Pseudotsuga | Douglas-fir | 1 | |||
Larix | larch, tamarack | 3 | ||||
Abietoideae | Tsuga | hemlock | 1 | |||
Abies | fir (true firs) | 4 | ||||
Cupressaceae | Taxodioideae | Taxodium | cypress | 1 | ||
Cupressoideae | Thuja | arborvitae, white-cedar | 1 | |||
Juniperus | juniper, red-cedar | 4 | ||||
Chamaecyparis | cedar, false cypress | 2 | ||||
Taxaceae | — | Taxus | yew | 3 |
Order Ginkgoales
[edit | edit source]The order Ginkgoales contains a single existing species: Ginkgo biloba.
Family Ginkgoaceae
[edit | edit source]As the sole family of the Ginkgoales, Ginkgoaceae (the ginkgo family) contains Ginkgo biloba as the only extant species.[1]
Ginkgo
[edit | edit source] The ginkgo or maidenhair tree is widely planted worldwide, including New York state, but the dioecious tree rarely escapes cultivation, and is unlikely to reach maturity as a naturalized tree in this region. This tree has been excluded from the New York Flora Atlas.[2]
|
Genus Ginkgo (excluded species) | Maidenhair tree | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1771. Ginkgo biloba L.
1797. Salisburia adiantifolia Sm.
1824. Salisburia biloba Hoffmanns.
1826. Salisburia ginkgo (L.) Rich. nom.illeg.
1866. Pterophyllus salisburiensis J.Nelson |
Ginkgo, Maidenhair tree Noyer du Japon, Ginkgo biloba |
Introduced from Asia, N.Y. excluded |
excluded NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
|
Order Pinales
[edit | edit source]The order Pinales contains the conifers, or cone-bearing seed plants. In New York, this includes the three families Pinaceae (pine, fir, spruce, and larch), Cupressaceae (cypress, juniper, and arborviteae), and Taxaceae (yew).
Most of the Pinales are "evergreen," maintaining most of their foliage and its green color through the winter. The exception is the genus Larix (larch) in the Pinaceae. Larix trees are deciduous and lose their needle-like leaves in the winter. Most Pinales also have "needle-like" leaves, often referred to simply as needles. Though many are very flat needles, such as the yews, spruces, and firs. And most of the Cupressaceae leaves could be described as more "scale-like". |
Family Pinaceae
[edit | edit source]The Pinaceae (pine family)...[1]
|
Subfamily Pinoideae
[edit | edit source]Pinus
[edit | edit source]Pinus subg. Strobus
[edit | edit source]Subgenus Strobus contains the soft pines, only one of which is found in New York.
|
Pinus subg. Strobus sect. Quinquefoliae
[edit | edit source]The only member of the Quinquefoliae (white-pines) found outside of cultivation in New York is Pinus strobus (eastern white pine), and it has been reported from every county in the state. The members of this section normally have their needle-like leaves grouped in bundles (fascicles) of five, though some may occasionally be found in bundles of three or four.
The oldest living eastern white pine on record dates to the mid 16th century, and was found in Nelson Swamp, Madison County, in 1997.[1][2]
|
Genus Pinus subg. Strobus sect. Quinquefoliae | Soft, white pines | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Pinus strobus L.
1903. Strobus strobus (L.) Small
1932. Pinus strobus f. prostrata Fernald & Weath.
1940. Pinus strobus var. chiapensis Martínez
1964. Pinus chiapensis (Martínez) Andresen |
Eastern white pine, Northern white pine, Weymouth pine (UK), Soft pine Pin blanc, Pin strobus, Pin du Lord Weymouth |
Native, CoC: 3, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP LBJ FEIS Images Wikispecies Note: SNA | |
|
Pinus subg. Pinus
[edit | edit source]Subgenus Pinus contains the hard pines, and has two sections represented in New York.
|
Pinus subg. Pinus sect. Trifoliae
[edit | edit source]The Trifoliae contains most of the North American hard pines, four of which are native to New York.
|
Genus Pinus sect. Trifoliae subsect. Australes | Hard pines: southern yellow |
N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Mill. 1768. Pinus rigida Mill. |
Pitch pine, Northern pitch pine, Torch pine, Sap pine Pin rigide, Pin à feuilles rigides |
Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies | |
Mill. 1768. Pinus echinata Mill. |
Shortleaf pine, Short-leaved pine, Arkansas pine, Southern yellow pine |
Native, CoC: 10, Endangered Perennial, Tree |
NYFA: 1 |
USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Pinus sect. Trifoliae subsect. Contortae | Hard pines: scrub pines |
N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Lamb. 1789. Pinus sylvestris var. divaricata Aiton
1803. Pinus banksiana Lamb.
1893. Pinus divaricata (Aiton) Sudw. |
Jack pine, Scrub pine, Banksian pine, Black pine, Gray pine, Hudson Bay pine Pin gris, Pin de Banks |
Native, CoC: 9, Rare FACU Perennial, Tree |
NYFA: 3 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies Note: SNA | |
Mill. 1768. Pinus virginiana Mill. |
Virginia pine, Scrub pine, Jersey pine Pin de Virginie |
Native, CoC: 3, Endangered, NE-5[1] Perennial, Tree |
NYFA: 1 |
USDA-NX ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies Note: SNA | |
|
Pinus subg. Pinus sect. Pinus
[edit | edit source]Section Pinus contains mostly Old-World hard pines, but it also includes the commercially important red pine (Pinus resinosa), which is native to North America, including parts of New York.
The three other species of this section found in New York are non-native introductions. This group has needles in bundles of two. |
Genus Pinus subg. Pinus sect. Pinus | Hard pines | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Aiton 1789. Pinus resinosa Aiton |
Red pine, Norway pine[1] Pin rouge, Pin résineux |
Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies Note: SNA | |
L. var. sylvestris1753. Pinus sylvestris L. |
Scots pine, Scotch pine, Caledonian pine Pin sylvestre, Pin d'Écosse[2] |
Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: [1], USGS: L48 invasive, CP-5[3] WW |
NYFA: X GBIF |
USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies Note: SNA | |
J.F.Arnold 1785. Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold
1828. Pinus pallasiana Lamb.
1910. Pinus nigra ssp. austriaca Asch. & Graebn.
1914. Pinus nigra ssp. pallasiana Holmboe |
Austrian pine, European black pine Pin noir, Pin noir d'Autriche |
Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Potentially invasive, USGS: L48 invasive |
NYFA: X GBIF |
USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies Note: SNA | |
Parl. 1868. Pinus thunbergii Parl.
1949. Pinus thunbergiana Franco |
Japanese black pine | Introduced from Japan, South Korea, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 59%[4], iMapInvasives, Invasive.org: [2], USGS: L48 invasive, NE-4[5] |
NYFA: X GBIF |
USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies Note: SNA | |
|
Subfamily Piceoideae
[edit | edit source]Picea
[edit | edit source]There are three spruce species that are native to New York State, but the two non-native species seem to be more well-known.
Spruce trees can be easily distinguished from other conifers by their needles, which
Spruce cones are also papery, unlike most other conifers. However, it's usually more difficult to differentiate spruces trees from each other. Douglas fir can also be misidentified as a spruce because of their needles, which are also square in cross-section, but not as stiff. |
Spruce | Picea | Leaf length (inches) | Cone length (inches) | Height (feet) | Width (feet) | Growth form | Habitat | Twig color | Bark color |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Red | P. rubens | 1/2 - 5/8 | 1.0 - 1.5 | 60 - 80 | 15-20 | pyramid | upland | orange-brown | gray-brown, red-brown |
Black | P. mariana | 1/4 - 1/2 | 0.75 - 1.5 | 40 - 50 | 15-20 | slender | bog | brown | gray-brown, red-brown |
White | P. glauca | 1/3 - 3/4 | 1.5 - 2.5 | 40 - 90 | 10 - 20 | conical | upland | light brown, pale | gray-brown |
Norway | P. abies | 1/2 - 1 | 4 - 6 | > 120 | conical | orange-brown | red-brown, later gray | ||
Blue | P. pungens | 1/2 - 5/4 | 2 - 4 | 50 - 80 | conical | upland |
Genus Picea | Spruce | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Sarg. 1771. Pinus mariana Du Roi
1831. Picea rubra Link
1879. Picea nigra var. rubra Engelm.
1898. Picea rubens Sarg.
1903. Picea australis Small |
Red spruce Épinette rouge |
Native, CoC: 6, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
(Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1768. Abies mariana Mill.
1770. Pinus abies var. mariana Münchh.
1785. Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold
1831. Picea nigra Link
1888. Picea mariana Britton, et al. |
Black spruce, Bog spruce, Swamp spruce Épinette noire, Épinette à bière, Épicéa marial, Épicéa noir |
Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACW Perennial, Tree |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
(Moench) Voss 1768. Abies canadensis Mill.
1785. Pinus glauca Moench
1831. Picea alba (Aiton) Link
1897. Picea canadensis var. glauca in…
1907. Picea glauca Voss |
White spruce, Cat spruce, Black Hills spruce, Canadian spruce, Skunk spruce Épinette blanche, Épinette glauque, Épicéa blanc, Épicéa glauque |
Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure FACU Perennial, Tree |
NYFA: 4-5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Tropicos BONAP LBJ FEIS Images Wikispecies | |
(L.) Karst. 1753. Pinus abies L.
1779. Pinus excelsa Lamb.
1842. Picea excelsa (Lamb.) Link
1881. Picea abies (L.) H.Karst. |
Norway spruce, White spruce Épinette de Norvège, Épicéa élevé, Épicéa commun |
Introduced from Europe, Potentially invasive, iMapInvasives, Invasive.org: [3], USGS: L48 invasive, CP-4[1][2] Perennial, Tree |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Engelm. 1879. Picea pungens Engelm.
1883. Picea pungens Regel
1897. Picea parryana Sarg. |
Blue spruce, Colorado blue spruce, Colorado spruce, Silver spruce Épinette de Colorado, Épinette bleue, Épicéa de Colorado |
Introduced from U.S. Rocky Mts., Probably not naturalized FAC-FACU Perennial, Tree |
NYFA: X |
USDA-NX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
|
Subfamily Laricoideae
[edit | edit source]Pseudotsuga
[edit | edit source]Although commonly called Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga trees are not true firs. The genus name means "false hemlock," but phylogenetically, Douglas firs are more often grouped in the Pinoideae with the pines, spruces and larches than with either the firs or hemlocks, which are placed in the Abietoideae. Recent studies, in fact, place Douglas fir closer to the larches, in the subfamily Laricoideae.[1]
Douglas-firs are often planted in New York but seldom if ever naturalize permanently. |
Genus Pseudotsuga | Douglas fir | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NPT |
(Mirb.) Franco var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco 1884. Tsuga douglasii var. glauca Beissn.
1890. Pseudotsuga douglasii var. glauca Mayr
1897. Pseudotsuga taxifolia var. glauca Sudw.
1934. Pseudotsuga flahaultii Flous
1950. Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca Franco |
Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir, Douglas-fir, Blue Douglas-fir, Colorado Douglas-fir, Inland Douglas-fir Douglas bleu, Douglas de Menzies bleu |
Introduced, ¿Naturalized? |
NYFA: X |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
|
Larix
[edit | edit source]The larches (Larix spp.) are deciduous conifers. Of the three species found in New York, only the American larch or tamarack is native to the state. The European and Japanese larches occasionally naturalize near plantations and individuals that have been planted.
Among the other words for tamarack is hackmatack, which means "wood used for snowshoes" in the Abenaki language.[1] |
Genus Larix sect. Larix | Larch | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(DuRoi) K.Koch 1771. Pinus laricina Du Roi
1803. Larix americana Michx.
1839. L. intermedia Lodd. ex J.Forbes
1873. L. laricina (Du Roi) K.Koch
1908. L. alaskensis W.Wight
1947. L. laricina var. (W.Wight) Raup {{{5}}}
2008. L. laricina ssp. (W.Wight) Silba {{{5}}} |
Tamarack
American larch
Eastern larch
Red larch
Hackmatack
Alaska larch Mélèze laricin ⓘ
Épinette rouge ⓘ
Fausse épinette rouge ⓘ
|
Native, CoC: 5, Secure FACW Perennial, Tree |
NYFA: 5 iNat |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
Mill. 1753. Pinus larix L.
1768. Larix decidua Mill.
1805. Larix europaea DC. |
European larch ⓘ
|
Introduced from Europe, Naturalized Perennial, Tree |
NYFA: X iNat |
USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
(Lam.) Carrière 1856. Larix kaempferi (Lam.) Carrière
1858. Larix leptolepis (Siebold & Zucc.) Gordon
1858. Pseudolarix kaempferi (Lamb.) Gordon |
Japanese larch | Introduced from eastern Asia, Naturalized Perennial, Tree |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
|
Subfamily Abietoideae
[edit | edit source]Tsuga
[edit | edit source]Tsuga contains the hemlocks, of which, the only New York native is the eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis. Hemlocks in eastern North America are threatened by the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae).
|
Genus Tsuga | Hemlock | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Carrière 1763. Pinus canadensis L.
1842. Picea canadensis Link
1855. Tsuga canadensis Carrière
1862. Abies canadensis var. gracilis |
Eastern hemlock, Canadian hemlock, Canada hemlock Pruche du Canada, Pruche de l'Est, Tsuga du Canada |
Native, Secure |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
|
Abies
[edit | edit source]The genus Abies contains the "true" firs. It does not include the Douglas-firs of the genus Pseudotsuga, which is in the Laricoideae with larches, not here in the Abietoideae with hemlocks.
|
Genus Abies | Fir | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Mill. 1753. Pinus balsamea L.
1768. Abies balsamea Mill.
1770. Pinus abies var. balsamea Münchh.
1810. Peuce balsamea Rich. |
Balsam fir, Canada balsam Sapin baumier, Sapin |
Native, CoC: 6, Secure FAC Perennial, Tree |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
(Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl. 1833. Abies grandis (Douglas ex D.Don) Lindl. |
Grand fir, Lowland white fir |
Introduced from western N.A., No specimens |
NYFA: X0 |
USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Abies (excluded species) | Fir | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
A.Murray bis 1863. Abies magnifica A.Murray bis
1875. Picea magnifica Gordon
1876. Pseudotsuga magnifica W.R.McNab
1876. Pinus magnifica W.R.McNab |
California red fir, Shasta red fir, Red fir |
Introduced from western US, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
(Pursh) Poir. 1813. Pinus fraseri Pursh
1817. Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. |
Fraser fir | Introduced from western VA & NC, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies | |
Siebold & Zucc. 1842. Abies homolepis Siebold & Zucc. |
Nikko fir | Introduced from Asia, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies | |
(Gordon & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. 1858. Picea concolor Gordon & Glend.
1861. Abies concolor Lindl. ex Hildebr. |
White fir, Colorado white fir, Silver fir, Colorado fir, Rocky Mountain white fir |
Introduced from western US, No specimens |
NYFA: 0 |
USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies | |
|
Family Cupressaceae
[edit | edit source]The Cupressaceae (cypress family)...[1]
|
Subfamily Taxodioideae
[edit | edit source]The Taxodioideae contains the three genera: Cryptomeria (1 Japanese species), Glyptostrobus (1 Asian species), and Taxodium (1-3 North American species).
|
Taxodium
[edit | edit source]There are about three Taxodium taxa, all of which are native to southeastern North America. Of these, Taxodium distichum var. distichum has been reported in New York, mainly along the Hudson River and on Long Island. Whether it has truly naturalized in the state in uncertain.
|
Genus Taxodium | Cypress | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NPT |
(L.) Rich. var. distichum 1753. Cupressus disticha L.
1789. Cupressus disticha var. nutans Aiton
1810. Taxodium distichum Rich.
1827. Taxodium distichum var. nutans Sweet
1927. Taxodium ascendens var. nutans Rehder |
Baldcypress, Bald cypress, Swamp cypress |
Introduced from southern US, N. America native OBL Perennial, Tree |
NYFA: X NYFA: 8 counties 14 counties |
USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
|
Subfamily Cupressoideae
[edit | edit source]Most of the Cupressoideae in New York go by the common names "cedar" or "juniper." But there is some resistance to calling any of them "cedar," as this could be seen to imply that they are of the Eurasian genus Cedrus, which does not have any naturalized populations in New York, and is normally included in the Pinaceae, not Cupressoideae. Instead, many prefer the common names "arborvitae" or "whitecedar" for Thuja occidentalis, and "red juniper" or "redcedar" for Juniperus virginiana.
|
Thuja
[edit | edit source]Thuja (pronounced either thoo-juh or thoo-yuh) is Greek for juniper and other trees with aromatic wood. There are two North American Thuja species: T. occidentalis (eastern arborvitae or northern whitecedar) and T. plicata (western redcedar). There are also three asian Thuja species. Of the five Thuja species, only T. occidentalis is known to occur in New York.
|
Genus Thuja | Arborvitae | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Thuja occidentalis L. |
Eastern arborvitae, Eastern white cedar, Northern whitecedar, Swamp cedar Thuya occidental, Cèdre, Balai, Cèdre blanc |
Native, CoC: 6, Secure FACW-UPL Perennial, Tree |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos ADF Images Wikispecies | |
|
Juniperus
[edit | edit source]
|
Genus Juniperus | Juniper | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. var. virginiana1753. Juniperus virginiana L.
1857. Sabina virginiana var. virginiana |
Eastern red cedar, Eastern redcedar, Pencil cedar, Virginia cedar, Eastern juniper, Red juniper Genévrier de Virginie, Genévrier rouge, Cèdre rouge |
Native, CoC: 3, Secure FAC-UPL Perennial, Tree |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
L. var. depressa Pursh1787. Juniperus canadensis Lodd. ex Burgsd.
1814. Juniperus communis var. depressa Pursh
1818. Juniperus depressa Raf.
1838. Juniperus communis var. canadensis Loudon |
American common juniper, Dwarf juniper, Prostrate juniper, Ground juniper Genévrier commun déprimé, Genévrier nain, Genévrier du Canada |
Native, CoC: 4, Likely secure FACU Perennial, Tree, shrub, Sun |
NYFA: 4 |
USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
L. var. communis1753. Juniperus communis L.
1768. Juniperus suecica Mill.
1822. Juniperus hemisphaerica C.Presl
1881. Juniperus communis ssp. hemisphaerica Nyman
1887. Juniperus communis f. suecica Beissn. |
Eurasian common juniper, Common juniper Genévrier commun |
Introduced from Eurasia, Unknown naturalization FACU Perennial, Tree |
NYFA: X NYFA: Tompkins (1946) ? counties |
USDA-0 Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Moench 1794. Juniperus horizontalis Moench
1807. Juniperus prostrata Pers.
1814. Juniperus sabina var. procumbens Pursh
1838. Juniperus sabina var. humilis Hook.
1843. Juniperus virginiana var. prostrata Torr.
1857. Sabina prostrata Antoine
1912. Sabina horizontalis Rydb. |
Creeping juniper, Trailing juniper, Prostrate juniper, Horizontal juniper, Creeping savin Genévrier horizontal, Genévrier rampant, Savinier |
Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, NYNHP: 1[1] FACU Perennial, Shrub, subshrub |
Chenango, Clinton, Genesee, Madison, Oneida, Onondaga NYFA: 1 |
USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Juniperus (excluded taxa) | Juniper | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Juniperus sabina L. |
Savin Sabine |
Introduced from Eurasia, Cultivated Perennial, Tree-shrub |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Chamaecyparis
[edit | edit source]Chamaecyparis thyoides (Atlantic white cedar) is restricted primarily to acidic coastal swamps, where it can form dense stands.
|
Genus Chamaecyparis | False cypress | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1753. Cupressus thyoides L.
1888. Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
1962. Chamaecyparis henryae H.L.Li
1966. Chamaecyparis thyoides var. henryae Little |
Atlantic white cedar, Southern white cedar, Atlantic white cypress |
Native, CoC: 10, Threatened, S2, G4, NYNHP: 2[1] OBL Perennial, Tree, Part shade |
Nassau, New York, Orange, Putnam, Queens, Richmond, Rockland, Suffolk, Westchester NYFA: 2 |
USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN-0 ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
(Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. 1844. Retinispora squarrosa Zucc.
1847. Chamaecyparis pisifera (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl.
1867. Chamaecyparis obtusa f. plumosa Carriere |
Sawara false cypress ⓘ
Sawara-cypress ⓘ
|
Introduced from Japan, Not naturalized |
Orange NYFA: Xm |
USDA-W0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Chamaecyparis (excluded taxa) | False cypress | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. 1844. Retinospora obtusa Siebold & Zucc.
1847. Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl.
1871. Cupressus obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) F. Muell. |
Hinoki false cypress | Introduced from Taiwan & Japan, N.Y. excluded |
excluded NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-X Go Botany-0 VASCAN-0 ARS-GRIN FoC Images Wikispecies | |
Family Taxaceae
[edit | edit source]The Taxaceae (yew family)...[1]
Taxus
[edit | edit source]The American yew (Taxus canadensis) is the only Taxus species native to New York. The Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata) and the English yew (Taxus baccata) are widely cultivated in New York and occasionally escape. The Japanese yew has been found to naturalize and has become common in the forests of some New York counties. Its invasive tendencies deserve monitoring.
|
Genus Taxus | Yew | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Marshall 1785. Taxus canadensis Marshall
1803. Taxus baccata var. minor Michx.
1856. Taxus baccata var. canadensis A.Gray
1894. Taxus minor Britton
1903. Taxus baccata ssp. canadensis Pilg.
2007. Taxus canadensis var. minor Spjut |
American yew, Canada yew, Ground hemlock, Shinwood Buis de sapin, L'if du Canada, Sapin trainard |
Native, CoC: 9, Secure FAC-FACU Perennial, Shrub |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies Note: WBA | |
Siebold & Zucc. 1846. Taxus cuspidata Siebold & Zucc.
1867. Taxus baccata var. cuspidata
1903. Taxus baccata ssp. cuspidata
auct. Taxus baccata non L. |
Japanese yew, Rigid branched yew |
Introduced from eastern Asia, Potentially invasive, CP-5[1] NE-4,[2], WW |
NYFA: X |
USDA-X0 Go Botany VASCAN-0 ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
L. 1753. Taxus baccata L.
1829. Taxus fastigiata Lindl. |
English yew, European yew, Common yew L'if commun |
Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Rare escape |
NYFA: X |
USDA-X0 Go Botany VASCAN-0 ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Taxus × media Rehder Taxus baccata × Taxus cuspidata 1923. Taxus × media Rehder |
Anglo-Japanese yew, Anglojap yew, Hybrid of English yew & Japanese yew |
Introduced, No specimens, IO |
USDA-00 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | ||
Taxus × hunnewelliana Rehder Taxus canadensis × Taxus cuspidata 1925. Taxus × hunnewelliana Rehder |
Hunnewell yew, Hybrid of American yew & Japanese yew |
Introduced, No specimens, Cultivated |
ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | ||
|
Taxus species differentiation
[edit | edit source]Character[1] | Taxus canadensis American yew |
Taxus cuspidata Japanese yew |
Taxus baccata English yew | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Habit | low, straggling, diffusely branched, spreading to prostrate |
upright | upright | ||
Mature height (m) | 2 | up to 16 | 10 - 20(-40) | ||
Mature dbh (m) | 4 | ||||
Winter bud scales | sharply pointed to cuspidate, keeled or folded |
sharply pointed to cuspidate, keeled or folded |
blunt at the apex, slightly keeled | ||
Leaf blade taper to apex | abrupt | abrupt | gradual | ||
Leaf blade width (mm) | 1 – 2.4 | 2 - 3 | 2 - 3 | ||
Leaf blade length (mm) | 10 - 25 | 15 - 25 | 10 - 40 | ||
Leaf upper (dorsal) surface | dark green to yellow-green | dark green, prominent midrib when dry |
dark green | ||
Leaf lower (ventral) surface | pale green, mostly without cuticular papillae along stomatal bands | 2 wide tawny stomatal bands | dark green | ||
Number of cells from margin to stomata band | (8-) 16 - 18 (-22) | 11 - 13 | 4 - 7 | ||
Stomata rows per band | (4-) 5 - 7 (-11) | 7 - 15 (-19) | 8 – 10 | ||
Petiole | gradually curved or abrupt bend near the junction of the branch, not clasping the branchlet |
abrupt bend near the junction of the blade, clasping the branchlet | |||
Seed shape near apex | round or somewhat compressed | 4- or 5-angled | |||
Bark | reddish, very thin | brown, thin, scaly | |||
Cone (aril). All red when ripe | |||||
|