Flora of New York/Commelinales, Zingiberales, Ceratophyllales
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Flora of New York — Commelinales, Zingiberales, Ceratophyllales | → Ranunculales | |||
Table of contents |
Genus index |
Protected species index | Invasive species index | ||
The orders Commelinales and Zingiberales are members of the commelinids clade within the monocots.
The monospecific order Ceratophyllales is thought to be the phylogenetic sister to all the eudicots, which include all the angiosperms that follow. |
Order Commelinales
[edit | edit source]The Commelinales
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Family Commelinaceae
[edit | edit source]The Commelinaceae (dayflower family).[1]
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Subamily Commelinoideae
[edit | edit source]Tribe Tradescanteae
[edit | edit source]Tradescantia
[edit | edit source]Spiderwort (Tradescantia) is a New World genus of herbaceous perennials, named by Carl Linnaeus in honor of John Tradescant the Elder (ca. 1570–1638). Although all spiderworts listed in New York are considered to be native to eastern North America, none are listed as New York natives by the New York Flora Atlas. However, Tradescantia ohiensis is listed as native in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Massachusetts; and BONAP shows it native in New York.
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Genus Tradescantia | Spider wort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Raf. 1814. Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. in Précis Découv. Somiol.:45 |
Ohio spiderwort, Bluejacket, Smooth spiderwort |
Introduced from eastern N. America, N. America native, Naturalized, SNA, G5 FACU-FAC Perennial, Herb-forb, Part Shade, 2n = 12, 24 |
NYFA: 15 counties |
USDA-NN POWO Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNAFNA BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
L. 1753. Tradescantia virginiana L. |
Virginia spiderwort Éphémère de Virginie |
Introduced from eastern N. America, N. America native, Naturalized |
NYFA: X |
USDA-NX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Tradescantia ohiensis × Tradescantia virginiana |
Hybrid of Ohio spiderwort & Virginia spiderwort |
Introduced from eastern N. America, N. America native, Naturalized |
NYFA: X |
Images Wikispecies | |
(Britton) Smyth var. occidentalis1896. Tradescantia virginiana var. occidentalis Britton
1899. Tradescantia occidentalis var. occidentalis
1935. Tradescantia virginiana var. typica E.S.Anderson & Woodson |
Prairie spider-wort, Western spiderwort |
Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent |
NYFA: Xm |
USDA-NN ARS-GRIN FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Ker Gawl. 1813. Tradescantia subaspera Ker Gawl.
1893. Tradescantia montana Shuttlew. ex Small & Vail
1935. Tradescantia subaspera var. montana E.S.Anderson & Woodson
1949. Tradescantia subaspera ssp. montana R.T.Clausen |
Zigzag spiderwort | Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent |
NYFA: Xm |
USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
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Tribe Commelineae
[edit | edit source]The Commelineae in New York include the dayflowers (Commelina spp.) and dewflowers (Murdannia spp.).
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Commelina
[edit | edit source]The only dayflower (Commelina sp.) listed as native to New York is Commelina erecta (slender dayflower),[1] which is thought to be extirpated from the state.
The introduced Asiatic dayflower (Commelina communis) is fairly common in many parts of the state. It is reported to be invasive in Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virgina, Virginia, and Kentucky.[2]
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Genus Commelina | Dayflower | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. ssp. erecta1753. Commelina erecta L.
1816. Commelina elegans Kunth
1903. Commelina saxicola Small |
Slender dayflower ⓘ
Erect dayflower ⓘ
Whitemouth dayflower ⓘ
Widow's tears ⓘ
Common dayflower ⓘ
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Native, CoC: 10, Extirpated, Impersistent, NYNHP:[1] UPL-FAC Perennial, Herb-forb |
NYFA: Z NYFA: 1 county 0 counties |
USDA-N0 POWO Go Botany-0 BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
L. 1753. Commelina communis L.
1811. Commelina debilis Ledeb.
1843. Commelina willdenowii Kunth
1861. Commelina ludens Miq.
1881. Commelina communis var. ludens (Miq.) C.B. Clarke
1909. Commelina communis var. angustifolia Nakai
1910. Commelina coreana H.Lév.
1961. Commelina communis f. aureostriata |
Asian dayflower, Asiatic dayflower, Dayflower |
Introduced from temperate Asia, Potentially invasive, Naturalized Annual, Herb-forb |
NYFA: X NYFA: 0 counties iNat 0 counties |
USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Commelina (excluded taxa) | Dayflower | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Burm.f. var. diffusa1768. Commelina diffusa Burm.f. |
Climbing dayflower | N. America native, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded NYFA: 0 counties 0 counties |
USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
L. 1753. Commelina virginica L. |
Virginia dayflower | N. America native, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded NYFA: 0 counties 0 counties |
USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies | |
Murdannia
[edit | edit source]Genus Murdannia Royle (excluded species) | Dew-flower | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Brenan Commelina nudiflora. L.
Murdannia nudiflora. (L.) Brenan |
Nakedstem dewflower, Dove-weed |
Introduced from Asia, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA: X |
USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
(Hassk.) Hand.-Maz. 1870. Aneilema keisak Hassk.
1936. Murdannia keisak (Hassk.) in… |
Wart-removing herb, Marsh dewflower, Asian spiderwort |
Introduced from Asia, Highly invasive, NYIS: 78%[1], No NY reports |
USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP BUG Images Wikispecies | ||
Family Haemodoraceae
[edit | edit source]The Haemodoraceae (bloodwort family).[1]
Subfamily Haemodoroideae
[edit | edit source]Lachnanthes
[edit | edit source]The genus Lachnanthes consists of the single species Carolina redroot or bloodroot (Lachnanthes caroliniana).
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Genus Lachnanthes | Redroot | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Lam.) Dandy 1791. Dilatris caroliniana Lam.
1791. Heritiera tinctorium Walter ex J.F.Gmel.
1812. Gyrotheca tinctoria (Walter ex J.F.Gmel.) Salisb.
1814. Dilatris tinctoria (Walter ex J.F.Gmel.) Pursh
1816. Lachnanthes tinctoria (Walter ex J.F.Gmel.) Elliott
1932. Lachnanthes caroliana (Lam.) Dandy |
Carolina redroot, Carolina bloodroot, Red-root, Paint-root, Dye-root Lachnanthe de Caroline |
Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, S1, G4, NYNHP: 1[1] OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
Suffolk NYFA: 1 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
Family Pontederiaceae
[edit | edit source]The Pontederiaceae (family).[1]
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Tribe Pontederieae
[edit | edit source]Pontederia
[edit | edit source]Pontederia subg. Pontederia
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Genus Pontederia | Pickerel weed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | n NPT |
L. 1753. Pontederia cordata L. |
Pickerelweed Pontédérie cordée, Langue du boeuf |
Native, Secure |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Images Wikispecies | |
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Pontederia subg. Oshunae
[edit | edit source]Pontederia crassipes (water hyacinth) is an attractive free-floating aquatic perennial that is known to be very invasive in the south. It has been reported outside of cultivation in New York State, but was thought to be unable to overwinter this far north. However, it may be able to grow as an annual, and there is concern that water hyacinths may eventually evolve resistance to the cold.[1][2]
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Genus Pontederia | Water hyacinth | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Mart. 1823. Pontederia crassipes Mart.
1837. Piaropus crassipes (Mart.) Raf.
1837. Piaropus mesomelas Raf.
1843. Eichhornia speciosa Kunth (i)
1883. Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms
1883. Eichornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (i)
1893. Piaropus crassipes (Mart.) Britton
2021. Oshuna crassipes (Mart.) A.Haines |
Common water hyacinth | Introduced from South America, Highly invasive, Impersistent, NA, G5 OBL |
NYFA: X NYFA: 3 counties 7 counties |
USDA-XX POWO Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
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Tribe Heteranthereae
[edit | edit source]Heteranthera
[edit | edit source]The genus Heteranthera contains aquatic plants known as mud plantains, two of which are native to New York.
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Genus Heteranthera | Mud plantain | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Jacq.) MacMill. 1768. Commelina dubia Jacq.
1892. Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacMill.
1894. Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) Morong isonym
1913. Zosterella dubia (Jacq.) Small |
Water star-grass, Grassleaf mudplantain, Grass-leaved mud-plantain Hétéranthère litigieuse, Hétéranthère douteuse |
Native, CoC: 5, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
NYFA: |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
Ruiz & Pav. 1798. Heteranthera reniformis Ruiz & Pav.
1799. Heterandra reniformis (Ruiz & Pav.) P.Beauv. |
Mud-plantain, Kidneyleaf mudplantain, Kidney-leaved mud-plantain |
Native, CoC: 7, Rare, S3, G5 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
Albany, Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Rensselaer, Suffolk, Ulster NYFA: 3 |
USDA-N0 ITIS FNA LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
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Order Zingiberales
[edit | edit source]Family Cannaceae
[edit | edit source]The Cannaceae (family) contains the single genus Canna.[1]
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Canna
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Genus Canna | Canna lily | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L.H.Bailey (pro sp.) Canna glauca × Canna indica 1923. Canna × generalis L.H.Bailey
1923. Canna × orchiodes L.H.Bailey
auct. Canna × hortensis non Guillaumin (1934) |
Canna-lily, Canna lily, Common garden canna Balisier |
Introduced, Impersistent, Not naturalized, Cultivated, SNA, GNA FACW-OBL |
Oneida (1965) NYFA: Xm |
USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
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Order Ceratophyllales
[edit | edit source]The Ceratophyllales contains a single family.
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Family Ceratophyllaceae
[edit | edit source]The Ceratophyllaceae contains a single genus.
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Ceratophyllum
[edit | edit source]The genus Ceratophyllum (coontails or hornworts) contains only about a half-dozen species, of which, two are listed as native to New York.
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Genus Ceratophyllum | Hornwort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Ceratophyllum demersum L.
1794. Dichotophyllum demersum (L.) Moench
1829. Ceratophyllum apiculatum Cham.
1860. Ceratophyllum demersum var. apiculatum (Cham.) Asch. |
Common coontail ⓘ
Coon's tail ⓘ
Common hornwort ⓘ
Coontail ⓘ
Common hornweed
Coontail hornwort ⓘ
Rigid hornweed ⓘ Cornifle nageante ⓘ
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Native, CoC: 4, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
A.Gray 1848. Ceratophyllum echinatum A.Gray
1856. Ceratophyllum demersum var. echinatum (A.Gray) A.Gray
1985. Ceratophyllum submersum var. echinatum (A.Gray) Wilmot-Dear |
Spiny-fruited coontail ⓘ
Prickly coontail
Prickly hornwort
Spineless hornwort ⓘ Cornifle échinée
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Native, CoC: 4, Vulnerable, S4, G4? OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
NYFA: 3 |
USDA-NN POWO Go Botany FNAFNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
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