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Flora of New York/Aquifoliaceae, Campanulaceae, Menyanthaceae

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Lamiales 3
Flora of New York — Aquifoliaceae, Campanulaceae, Menyanthaceae
Carduoideae
Table of
contents
Genus
index
Protected species index Invasive species index


Order Aquifoliales

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The order Aquifoliales contains primarily the Aquifoliaceae (holly family), members of which are found in New York. Smaller families of Aquifoliales (Helwingiaceae, Phyllonomaceae, Stemonuraceae, and Cardiopteridaceae) are not known to naturalize in New York.

Family Aquifoliaceae

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The Aquifoliaceae (holly family) ...

Ilex verticillata
Ilex contains trees and shrubs generally known as holly and winterberry.
Aquifoliales — Aquifoliaceae — Ilex
Genus Ilex Holly N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(L.) A.Gray

1753. Prinos verticillatus L.
1856. Ilex verticillata A.Gray
1912. Ilex fastigiata E.P.Bicknell
1921. Ilex verticillata var. fastigiata Fernald

Common winterberry,
Winterberry,
Virginia winterberry,
Black holly,
Black alder
Houx verticillé
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure

FACW

Perennial,
Tree, shrub,
Dioecious,
Sun - part shade

NYFA: 5

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(L.) M.Powell, Savol. & S.Andrews

1753. Vaccinium mucronatum L.
1901. Nemopanthus mucronatus Loes.
2000. Ilex mucronata M.Powell et al.
Mountain holly,
Catberry
Némopanthe mucroné,
Faux houx
Native, CoC: 8,
Secure

OBL

Perennial,
Tree, shrub

NYFA: 5

USDA-N
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ARS-GRIN
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LBJ
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Torr. & A.Gray

1848. Ilex montana Torr. & A.Gray
1856. Ilex monticola A.Gray
1870. Ilex amelanchier  var. monticola  Alph.Wood
1964. Ilex ambigua  var. montana  H.E.Ahles
1977. Ilex ambigua  var. monticola  Wunderlin & Poppleton
1983. Ilex ambigua  ssp. montana  A.E.Murray
Mountain winterberry,
Mountain holly,
Big-leaved holly
Native, CoC: 8,
Likely secure

FACU

Perennial,
Tree, shrub

NYFA: 4

USDA-N0
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(L.) A.Gray 1856

1753. Prinos glaber L.
1856. Ilex glabra A.Gray
Inkberry, ink-berry,
Gallberry,
Winter-berry,
Evergreen winterberry,
Appalachian-tea
Native, CoC: 8,
Likely secure

FACW-FAC

Perennial,
Tree, shrub

NYFA: 4

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(Pursh) A.Gray

1813. Prinos laevigatus Pursh
1856. Ilex laevigata (Pursh) A.Gray
Smooth winterberry,
Smooth winterberry holly
Native, CoC: 8,
Vulnerable

OBL

Perennial,
Tree, shrub

NYFA: 4

USDA-N0
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Aiton
 var. opaca

1789. Ilex opaca Aiton
American holly,
White holly,
Christmas holly
Native, CoC: 8,
Vulnerable

FACU

Perennial,
Tree, shrub,
Sun - shade

NYFA: 3-4

USDA-N0
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Thunb. 1784

1865. Celastrus adenophyllus Miq.
Japanese holly,
Box-leaf holly
Houx crénelé
Introduced from
 Asia,
Somewhat invasive,
 NYIS: 48%[1],
Naturalized

Perennial,
Tree, shrub
Nassau (1994),
Queens (2003-08),
Rockland (1995),
Suffolk (1995-2008)
NYFA: X

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L.

1753. Ilex aquifolium L.
English holly
Houx commun
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa

Perennial,
Tree, shrub

USDA-XX
Go Botany
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Note: [2]
  1. New York non-native plant invasiveness assessmentIlex crenata: Low (48).
  2. Although Ilex aquifolium is not listed as naturalized in New York or most of the Northeast, it is listed as present in "forests and borders of swamps in areas of habitation" in the adjacent state of Massachusetts,[1] and it is cultivated in suitable parts of New York as an ornamental tree.

Order Asterales

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Family Campanulaceae

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Campanulaceae is known as the bellflower family, which includes two subfamilies that are found in New York. Subfamily Campanuloideae contains the bellflowers, Lobelioideae contains the lobelias.

Subfamily Campanuloideae

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Phylogenetic studies of the subfamily Campanuloideae have recently confirmed that the genus Campanula was polyphyletic and that most of the native North American species of Campanuloideae fit into Campanula's Rapunculus clade.[1]
Campanulastrum
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Campanulastrum americanum
In 1903, J.K. Small proposed segregating Campanula americana (American bellflower) into the monotypic genus Campanulastrum. Acceptance of that view seems to have been sporadically increasing over the years.[1][2]

Campanulastrum corollas are rotate rather than campanulate as is typical of Campanula corollas.


Asterales — Campanulaceae — Campanuloideae — Campanuleae — Campanulastrum
Genus Campanulastrum Bellflower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(L.) Small

1753.  Campanula americana  L. in…
1765.  Phyteuma americanum  (L.) Hill in…
1789.  Campanula nitida  Aiton in…
1796.  Campanula asteroides  Lam. in…
1798.  Campanula obliqua  Jacq. in…
1802.  Campanula declinata  Moench in…
1803.  Campanula acuminata  Michx. in…
1836.  Campanula illinoensis  Fresen. in…
1840.  Campanula pauciflora  Lam. ex Steud. in…
1884.  Specularia americana  (L.) Morgan ex J.James in…
1903.  Campanulastrum americanum (L.) Small in…
1919.  Campanula americana  var. illinoensis  (Fresen.) Farw.
1953.  Campanula americana  f. albiflora  M.L.Grant
Tall bellflower,
American bellflower
Campanule d'Amérique
Native, CoC: 7,
Endangered

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Heliophily: 6
Part shade,
2n=58 & 102

NYFA: 8 counties
iNat: 10 counties

USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
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FNA
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Triodanis
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Triodanis perfoliata
Triodanis (Venus' looking glass) are annual plants that can have both chasmogamous (CH) flowers and cleistogamous (CL) flowers. CH flowers are open to pollination by visitors and so can either outcross or self-fertilize. CL flowers remain closed throughout the season and must necessarily self-fertilize.

The New York native Triodanis perfoliata (clasping Venus' looking-glass) will often have several open (CH) corollas, while the southern Venus' looking-glass (Triodanis biflora or T. perfoliata ssp. biflora) will usually only have as single terminal open corolla.[1]


Asterales — Campanulaceae — Campanuloideae — Campanuleae — Triodanis
Genus Triodanis Venus' looking glass N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(L.) Nieuwl.

1753.  Campanula perfoliata  L. in…
1826.  Prismatocarpus perfoliatus  (L.) Sweet in…
1830.  Specularia perfoliata  (L.) A.DC. in…
1842.  Dysmicodon perfoliatum  (L.) Nutt. in…
1894.  Legousia perfoliata  (L.) Britton in…
1914.  Triodanis perfoliata  (L.) Nieuwl. in…
Common Venus’ looking glass
Clasping Venus' looking-glass
Clasping-leaved Venus'-looking-glass
Claspingleaf Venus'-looking-glass
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure,
S5, G5-T5

FACU-FAC

Annual,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5

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(Ruiz & Pav.) Greene

1799.  Campanula biflora  Ruiz & Pav. in…
1843.  Dysmicodon californicum  Nutt. in…
1843.  Campanula intermedia  Engelm. ex Nutt. in…
1874.  Specularia californica  (Nutt.) Vatke in…
1891.  Pentagonia biflora  (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze in…
1891.  Specularia biflora  (Ruiz & Pav.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. in…
1894.  Triodanis biflora  (Ruiz & Pav.) Greene in…
1894.  Legousia biflora  (Ruiz & Pav.) Britton in…
1975.  Triodanis perfoliata  var. biflora  (Ruiz & Pav.) T.R.Bradley  in…
1988.  Asyneuma anhuiense  B.A.Shen in…
2006.  Triodanis perfoliata  ssp. biflora  (Ruiz & Pav.) Lammers  in…
Southern Venus’s looking glass
Small Venus' looking-glass

Spéculaire biflore
Introduced from
 southern US,
N. America native,
Unknown naturalization,
SNA, G5-T5

FACU-FAC

Annual,
Herb-forb

NYFA: X
NYFA: Otsego, Suffolk
iNat
GBIF
No RG observations

USDA-N
COL
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Palustricodon
[edit | edit source]
Campanula aparinoides
Palustricodon is a genus of one species, Palustricodon aparinoides (marsh bellflower), with possibly two varieties.[1][2]
Asterales — Campanulaceae — Campanuloideae — Campanuleae — Campanula
Genus Palustricodon Bellflower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY /NPT
(Pursh) Morin

1813.  Campanula aparinoides  Pursh in…
1813.  Campanula erinoides  Muhl. in…
1830.  Campanula aparinoides  var. multiflora  A.DC.  in…
1861.  Campanula aparinoides  var. erinoides  Alph.Wood  in…
1896.  Campanula aparinoides  var. grandiflora  Holz.  in…
1901.  Campanula uliginosa  Rydb. in…
1952.  Campanula aparinoides  var. uliginosa  (Rydb.) Gleason in…
2020.  Palustricodon aparinoides  (Pursh) Morin in…
2020.  Palustricodon aparinoides  var. grandiflorus  (Holz.) Morin}  in…
Marsh bellflower
Bedstraw bellflower
Marsh harebell
Campanule faux-gaillet
Campanule scabre
Native, CoC: 8,
Secure

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
2n = 34, 136, 170

NYFA: 5
NYFA: ? counties
GBIF
? counties

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Campanula
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Campanula rotundifolia
After the segregation of Campanulastrum and Palustricodon from Campanula, the only New York native remaining in the genus is Campanula rotundifolia, which is a widespread circumboreal species complex of bellflowers or harebells that likely originated in south-central Europe about two million years ago. North American populations probably migrated from northwestern Europe to northeastern North America about 114,000 years ago.[1][2][3][4]
Rapunculus clade
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Shetler (1982) described four "races" of harebells within Campanula rotundifolia, reporting an "eastern race" in lowlands and ravines in the Appalachian-Great Lakes region of eastern United States and adjacent Canada, from Minnesota and Iowa to Gaspe Peninsula and Nova Scotia, Ontario (except James Bay) and southern Quebec to southern Missouri and Illinois and northern West Virginia and Maryland.[1]

Though Shelter didn't recommend segregating his races as full species, his description seems to correspond with the treatment of Campanula intercedens by Lammers (2007).[2]

Here, the segregate species name Campanula intercedens is tentatively used for the New York harebell. This agrees with European sources[3] but not with most North American sources.[4]


  1. Shetler, S.G. 1982. Variation and evolution of the nearctic harebells (Campanula subsect. Heterophylla). Phanerogamarum Monographiae Tomus XI. J. Cramer: Vaduz.
  2. Lammers, T.G. 2007. Campanulaceae. In J.W. Kadereit & C. Jeffrey, vol. eds., VIII Flowering Plants - Eudicots. Asterales. In K. Kubitzki, ed., The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp.26-56.
  3. Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne. The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023.
  4. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2023. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A. Accessed Dec 26, 2023.
Asterales — Campanulaceae — Campanuloideae — Campanuleae — Campanula
Genus Campanula Bellflower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Witasek

1819.  Campanula virgata  Raf. ex Schult. in…
1843.  Campanula rotundifolia  var. alpina  Tuck.  in…
1874.  Campanula rotundifolia  var. dentata  Coleman  in…
1878.  Campanula rotundifolia  var. canescens  E.J.Hill  in…
1894.  Campanula latisepala  f. albiflora  E.L.Rand & Redfield  ...
1902.  Campanula intercedens  Witasek in…
1924.  Campanula rotundifolia  var. intercedens  (Witasek) Farw.  in…
1924.  Campanula rotundifolia  f. linifolia  Farw.  ...
1982.  Campanula rotundifolia  ssp. intercedens  (Witasek) Á.Löve & D.Löve  in…
1952.  Campanula latisepala  f. alba  J.Rousseau & Raymond  ...
Harebell
Intermediate bellflower
Bluebell
Bluebell-of-Scotland
American harebell
Bluebell bellflower
Scotch bellflower

Native, CoC: 8,
Likely secure,
S4-S5, G5

FACU

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
2n = 34, 68, 102

NYFA: 4-5
NYFA: ? counties
iNat
GBIF
? counties

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L.
 ssp. persicifolia

1753.  Campanula persicifolia  L. in…
1796.  Campanula amygdalifolia  Salisb. in…
1854.  Campanula racemosa  var. grandiflora  Vuk. in…
1869.  Rapunculus persicifolius  (L.) Fourr. in…
1894.  Campanula persicifolia  f. alba  Voss ...
1984.  Neocodon persicifolius  (L.) Kolak. & Serdyuk. in…
Peach-leaved bellflower
Peachleaf bellflower
Peach-Bells
Introduced from
 Europe,
Unknown Naturalization,
SNA, GNR

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
2n = 16

NYFA: X
NYFA: 7 counties
iNat
GBIF
? counties

USDA-XX
POWO
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Campanula s. str. clade
[edit | edit source]
Asterales — Campanulaceae — Campanuloideae — Campanuleae — Campanula
Genus Campanula Bellflower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.
 ssp. rapunculoides

1753.  Campanula rapunculoides  L. in…
1802.  Campanula azurea  Sol. & Banks ex Sims in…
1844.  Campanula rapunculoides  var. ucranica  (Besser) K.Koch  in…
1852.  Cenekia rapunculoides  (L.) Opiz in…
1869.  Drymocodon rapunculoides  (L.) Fourr. in…
1904.  Rapunculus redivivus  E.H.L.Krause in…
Creeping bellflower,
Rampion bellflower
Campanule fausse-raiponce
Campanule raiponce
Fausse raiponce
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Potentially invasive,
Naturalized,
CBG-A4[1],
SNA, GNR

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
2n = 68, 102

NYFA: X
NYFA: 41 counties
iNat
GBIF
58 counties

USDA-XX
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L.
 ssp. glomerata

1753.  Campanula glomerata  L. in…
1781.  Campanula betonicifolia  Gilib. in…
1791.  Campanula conglomerata  Gueldenst. in…
1807.  Campanula barbata  Spreng. in…
1814.  Campanula aggregata  Willd. in…
1852.  Weitenwebera glomerata  (L.) Opiz in…
1869.  Syncodon glomeratum  (L.) Fourr. in…
Clustered bellflower,
Dane's blood
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Potentially invasive,
iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [2],
Not naturalized,
2n = 30, 60

NYFA: X
NYFA: 3 counties
iNat
21 counties

USDA-XX
POWO
FSUS
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L.
 ssp. trachelium

1753.  Campanula trachelium  L. in…
1794.  Campanula urticifolia  F.W.Schmidt in…
1796.  Campanula urticifolia  Salisb. in…
1834.  Campanula trachelium  ssp. urticifolia  (Dumort.) Schübl. & G.Martens  in…
1852.  Trachelioides vulgaris  Opiz in…
1854.  Campanula serratifolia  Vuk. in…
1854.  Campanula serratifolia  var. ciliatosepala  Vuk.  in…
1869.  Drymocodon trachelium  (L.) Fourr. in…
Nettle-leaved bellflower
Bats in the belfry

Campanule gantelée
Introduced from
 Mediterranean Europe,
 northern Africa,
Unknown naturalization,
SNA, GNR

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
2n = 34

NYFA: X
NYFA: 6 counties
iNat
6 counties

USDA-
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FSUS
VASCAN
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L.

1753.  Campanula medium  L. in…
1836.  Rapuntia media  (L.) Chevall. in…
1838.  Talanelis medium  (L.) Raf. in…
1840.  Medium grandiflorum  Spach in…
1853.  Marianthemum medium  (L.) Schur in…
    
Canterbury bells
Introduced,
Naturalization unknown

Biennial,
Herb-forb,
2n = 34

NYFA: U
NYFA: Genesee (1981)
iNat
? counties

USDA-XX
POWO
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L.

1753.  Campanula patula  L. in…
1869.  Rapunculus patulus  (L.) Fourr. in…
1984.  Neocodon patulus  (L.) Kolak. & Serdyuk. in…
Rambling bellflower,
Spreading bellflower
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
N.Y. excluded

Biennial,
Herb-forb,
2n = 20, 40, 60, 80

NYFA-Excluded
NYFA: Excluded
iNat
GBIF
No NY observations

USDA-X0
POWO
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Jasione
[edit | edit source]
Jasione montana

Asterales — Campanulaceae — Campanuloideae — Campanuleae — Jasione
Genus Jasione Jasione N.Y. Status Images Distribution NPT
L.
 ssp. montana

1753.  Jasione montana  L. in…
1789.  Jasione vulgaris  Gaterau in…
1793.  Phyteuma montanum  (L.) C.K.Spreng. in…
1860.  Ovilla globulariiflora  Rupr. in…
Sheepbit,
Sheep's-bit
Introduced from
 Europe,
Naturalized,
SNA, GNR

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
2n = 12, 24, 36 (x = 6)

NYFA: X
NYFA: Suffolk only
iNat
GBIF
Bronx, Suffolk

USDA-X0
WFO
FSUS
Images
Wikispecies
Platycodon
[edit | edit source]
Platycodon grandiflorus
Although Platycodon grandiflorus (balloon flower) has been excluded from the New York Flora Atlas, iNaturalist shows research-grade Platycodon grandiflorus observations in about 15 New York State counties. Most of these appear to be in gardens however and should probably be flagged as cultivated.

A.S. Weakley (2023) lists Platycodon grandiflorus in PA, SC, and MO with a habitat of "ditches, disturbed areas, spread from horticultural cultivation," but shows the plant as "rarer than rare" in each of the regions were it's mapped.[1]


Asterales — Campanulaceae — Campanuloideae — Campanuleae — Platycodon
Genus Platycodon Platycodon N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Jacq.) A.DC.

1777.  Campanula grandiflora  Jacq. in…
1785.  Campanula gentianoides  Lam. in…
1830.  Platycodon grandiflorus  (Jacq.) A.DC. in…
1814.  Wahlenbergia grandiflora  (Jacq.) Schrad. in…
Balloonflower
Japanese bellflower
Chinese bellflower
Introduced from
 east & southeast Asia,
No specimens,
2n = 18, 36, 72 (x = 9)

NYFA-Excluded
NYFA: Excluded
iNat
GBIF
15 counties

USDA-X0
POWO
FSUS
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Wikispecies

Subfamily Lobelioideae

[edit | edit source]
Lobelia
[edit | edit source]
Lobelia sect. Lobelia
[edit | edit source]
Lobelia cardinalis
cardinal flower
All native New York Lobelia species are in sect. Lobelia.[1]
Asterales — Campanulaceae — Lobelioideae — Lobelieae — Lobelia sect. Lobelia
Genus Lobeliasect. Lobelia Cardinal flower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.

1753.  Lobelia inflata  L. in…
1768.  Rapuntium inflatum  (L.) Mill. in…
1891.  Dortmanna inflata  (L.) Kuntze in…
1892.  Lobelia inflata  var. simplex  Millsp.  in…
1944.  Lobelia inflata  f. albiflora  Moldenke  ...
Indian-tobacco,
Puke weed
Lobélie enflée,
Tabac indien
Native, CoC: 1,
Secure

FAC-FACU

Annual,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5

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Lam.

1792.  Lobelia spicata  Lam. in…
1803.  Lobelia claytoniana  Michx. in…
1804.  Lobelia goodenioides  Willd. in…
1830.  Lobelia nivea  Raf. in…
1836.  Rapuntium claytonianum  (Michx.) C.Presl in…
1839.  Lobelia leptostachys  A.DC. in…
1878.  Lobelia spicata  var. hirtella  A.Gray  in…
1891.  Dortmanna spicata  (Lam.) Kuntze in…
1898.  Lobelia hirtella  (A.Gray) Greene in…
1903.  Lobelia bracteata  Small in…
1913.  Lobelia leptostachys  var. hirtella  (A.Gray) Farw. in…
1917.  Petromarula hirtella  (A. Gray) Nieuwl. & Lunell in…
1936.  Lobelia spicata  var. originalis  McVaugh  in…
Palespike lobelia,
Pale-spiked lobelia,
Spiked lobelia,
Balespike lobelia,
Highbelia
Lobélie à épi
Native, CoC: 4,
Secure

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5
iNat

USDA-NN
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L.

1753.  Lobelia siphilitica  L. in…
1768.  Rapuntium siphiliticum  (L.) Mill. in…
1794.  Rapuntium syphiliticum  Moench in…
1812.  Lobelia reflexa  Stokes in…
1813.  Lobelia antisyphilitica  Hayne in…
1839.  Lobelia siphilitica  var. ludoviciana  A. DC.  in…
1845.  Lobelia belgica  De Jonghe in…
1891.  Dortmanna siphilitica  (L.) Kuntze in…
Great blue lobelia,
Blue cardinal flower,
Great lobelia
Lobélie bleue
Native, CoC: 5,
Secure

OBL-FACW

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Sun - shade

NYFA: 5

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L.

1753.  Lobelia kalmii  L.
1836.  Rapuntium kalmii  (L.) C.Presl
1891.  Dortmanna kalmii  (L.) Kunze
1900.  Lobelia kalmii  var. strictiflora  Rydb.
1908.  Lobelia strictiflora  (Rydb.) Lunell
Brook lobelia,
Kalm's lobelia,
Bog lobelia,
Ontario lobelia
Lobélie de Kalm
Native, CoC: 8,
Secure

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5

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L.

1753.  Lobelia cardinalis  L.
1792.  Lobelia graminea  Lam.
1809.  Lobelia fulgens  Willd.
1809.  Lobelia splendens  Willd.
1891.  Dortmanna cardinalis  (L.) Kuntze
1891.  Dortmanna fulgens  Kuntze
1940.  Lobelia cardinalis  ssp. graminea  (Lam.) McVaugh
Cardinalflower,
Cardinal flower,
Scarlet lobelia
Lobélie cardinale,
Lobélie du cardinal,
Lobélie écarlate
Native, CoC: 7,
Likely secure

OBL-FACW

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Sun-shade

NYFA: 4-5

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L.

1753. Lobelia dortmanna L.
1796. L. lacustris (L.) Salisb. superfl.
1836. Rapuntium dortmanna (L.) C.Presl
Dortmann's cardinalflower,
Water lobelia,
Dortmann's lobelia,
Water gladiole
Lobélie de Dortmann,
Cardinale de Dortmann,
Lobélie aquatique
Native, CoC: 9,
Likely secure

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 4

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Schult.

1818.  Lobelia gracilis  Nutt. in…
1819.  Lobelia nuttallii  Schult. in…
1836.  Rapuntium nuttallianum  C.Presl in…
1891.  Dortmanna nuttallii  (Schult.) Kuntze in…
1803.  Lobelia kalmii  var. caroliniana  Michx  in…
1821.  Lobelia kalmii  var. gracilis  W.P.C.Barton  in…
Nuttall's lobelia Native, CoC: 7,
Vulnerable

FACW

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 3

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Lobelia sect. Hypsela
[edit | edit source]
Lobelia pedunculata
The New York Flora Atlas (as of 2023) doesn't list any non-native Lobelias in New York State, but Lobelia chinensis is considered potentially invasive if it were to be found in the state. Of more concern might be Lobelia pedunculata, a small Australian ground cover that has been noted to be aggressive in Europe and western North America.
Asterales — Campanulaceae — Lobelioideae — Lobelieae — Lobelia sect. Hypsela
Genus Lobeliasect. Hypsela Lobelias N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Lour.

1790. Lobelia chinensis Lour.
Chinese lobelia Introduced from
 Asia,
Potentially invasive,
 NYIS: 37%[1]

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 0
NYFA: Not listed
iNat
New Jersey

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R.Br.

1810.  Lobelia pedunculata  R.Br. in…
1836.  Rapuntium pedunculatum  (R.Br.) C.Presl in…
1868.  Pratia pedunculata  (R.Br.) Benth. in…
Matted Pratia
Trailing Pratia
Blue Star Creeper
Blue lawn-lobelia

Introduced from
 eastern Australia,
Cultivated

NYFA: Not listed
iNat
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Cultivated only

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  1. New York non-native plant invasiveness assessmentLobelia chinensis: Low (37). Although it is listed a potentially invasive in New York, BONAP and USDA-NRCS plants database show that Lobelia chinensis has naturalized in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, but not New York State.
Lobelia sect. Stenotium
[edit | edit source]
Lobelia erinus
Lobelia erinus has been introduced as a garden plant from tropical and southern Africa. It appears to be commonly planted in New York State.[1]

In western Europe, it is said to increasingly escape from cultivation but not to persist.[2]


Asterales — Campanulaceae — Lobelioideae — Lobelieae — Lobelia sect. Stenotium
Genus Lobeliasect. Stenotium Bractless Lobelias N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.

1753.  Lobelia erinus  L. in…
1768.  Rapuntium erinus  (L.) Mill. in…
1891.  Dortmanna erinus  (L.) Kuntze in…
Edging Lobelia
Garden Lobelia
Bedding Lobelia
Common Lobelia
Dwarf Annual Lobelia

Lobélie érine
Introduced from
 tropical & southern Africa

NYFA: Not listed
iNat
Widely cultivated

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Family Menyanthaceae

[edit | edit source]
The Menyanthaceae is a family of aquatic and wetland plants.

Menyanthes

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Menyanthes trifoliata
The genus Menyanthes contains a single species, Menyanthes trifoliata (buckbean or bogbean). Its native range covers much of the temperate and subarctic northern hemisphere.
Asterales — Menyanthaceae — Menyanthes
Genus MenyanthesL. Buckbean N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.

1753.  Menyanthes trifoliata  L. in…
1822.  Menyanthes palustris  Gray in…
1826.  Menyanthes americana  Sweet in…
1830.  Menyanthes verna  Raf. in…
1837.  Menyanthes latifolia  Raf. in…
1837.  Menyanthes tridentata  Raf. in…
1929.  Menyanthes trifoliata  var. minor  Fernald
2003.  Menyanthes trifoliata  ssp. verna  (Raf.) Gervais & M. Parent
Buckbean,
Buck-bean,
Bog buckbean,
Bogbean
Trèfle d'eau
Native, CoC: 9,
Likely secure,
S4, G5

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 4
NYFA: ? counties
? counties

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Nymphoides

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Nymphoides cordata
Floating-hearts (Nymphoides)
Asterales — Menyanthaceae — Nymphoides
Genus NymphoidesSég. 1754 Floatingheart N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Elliott) Fernald

1803.  Villarsia lacunosa  Vent. in…
1817.  Villarsia cordata  Elliott in…
1837.  Limnanthemum lacunosum  (Vent.) Griseb. in…
1838.  Limnanthemum lacunosum  var. australe  Griseb. in…
1839.  Menyanthes punctata  Muhl. ex Griseb. in…
1891.  Nymphoides lacunosa  (Vent.) Kuntze in…
1921.  Trachysperma lacunosa  (Vent.) House in…
1938.  Nymphoides cordata  (Elliott) Fernald in…
Floating-heart,
Little floatingheart,
Little floating heart,
Eight-angled floatingheart
Faux-nymphéa à feuilles cordées,
Nymphoïde cordées
Native, CoC: 9,
Vulnerable,
SNR, G5

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 3-4
iNat
GBIF

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(S.G.Gmel.) Kuntze

1753.  Menyanthes nymphoides  L. in…
1770.  Limnanthemum peltatum  S.G.Gmel. in…
1803.  Villarsia nymphoides  (L.) Vent. in…
1805.  Nymphoides natans  J. St.-Hil. in…
1805.  Schweyckerta nymphoides  (L.) C.C.Gmel. in…
1819.  Villarsia peltata  (S.G.Gmel.) Roem. & Schult. in…
1891.  Nymphoides peltata  (S.G.Gmel.) Kuntze in…
1907.  Nymphoides peltatum  (S.G.Gmel.) Britten & Rendle in…
1914.  Nymphoides flava  Druce in…
Yellow floating-heart,
Yellow floatingheart
Faux-nymphéa pelté,
Faux-nénuphar,
Nymphoïdès pelté,
Petit nénuphar
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS: 74%[1],
Prohibited[2]

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: X
iNat

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(Lour.) Kuntze

1790.  Menyanthes hydrophylla  Lour. in…
1799.  Menyanthes cristata  Roxb. in…
1819.  Villarsia hydrophyllum  (Lour.) Roem. & Schult. in…
1824.  Villarsia cristata  (Roxb.) Spreng. in…
1839.  Limnanthemum cristatum  (Roxb.) Griseb. in…
1839.  Limnanthemum hydrophyllum  (Lour.) Griseb. in…
1841.  Menyanthes sinarica  Buch.-Ham. ex Steud. in…
1891.  Nymphoides hydrophylla  (Lour.) Kuntze in…
1891.  Nymphoides cristata  (Roxb.) Kuntze in…
1910.  Limnanthemum taquetii  H.Lév. in…
Crested floatingheart
Introduced from
 Asia (China, India, Indo-China),
Highly invasive,
 Invasive.org: [3],
 GRIIS-US: Invasive,
Cultivated

NYFA: Not Listed
iNat
GBIF
Cutivated?

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