FHSST Physics:Index

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The Free High School Science Texts:

A Textbook for High School Students Studying Physics.

Physics

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The Free High School Science Texts: A Textbook for High School Students Studying Physics.

Main Page - Introduction Units Units - PGCE Comments - TO DO LIST - Introduction - Unit Systems - The Importance of Units - Choice of Units - How to Change Units-- the Multiply by Technique - How Units Can Help You - Temperature - Scientific Notation, Significant Figures and Rounding - Conclusion Waves and Wavelike Motion Waves and Wavelike Motion - What are waves? - Two Types of Waves - Properties of Waves - Practical Applications of Waves- Sound Waves - Practical Applications of Waves: Electromagnetic Waves - Important Equations and Quantities Vectors Vectors - PGCE Comments - TO DO LIST - Introduction - Some Examples of Vectors - Mathematical Properties of Vectors - Techniques of Vector Addition - Components of Vectors - Do I really need to learn about vectors? Are they really useful? - Summary of Important Quantities, Equations and Concepts Forces Forces - TO DO LIST - What is a force - Force diagrams - Equilibrium of Forces - Newton's Laws of Motion - Examples of Forces Studied Later - Summary of Important Quantities, Equations and Concepts Rectilinear Motion Rectilinear Motion - What is rectilinear motion - Speed and Velocity - Graphs - Equations of Motion - Important Equations and Quantities Momentum Momentum - What is Momentum - The Momentum of a System - Change in Momentum - What properties does momentum have - Impulse - Summary of Important Quantities, Equations and Concepts Work and Energy Work and Energy - What are Work and Energy - Work - Energy - Mechanical Energy and Energy Conservation - Summary of Important Quantities, Equations and Concepts - Essay 1 - Energy Collisions and Explosions Essay 2: Tiny, Violent Collisions - Collisions and Explosions - Types of Collisions - Explosions - Explosions: Energy and Heat - Important Equations and Quantities Newtonian Gravitation Newtonian Gravitation - Properties - Mass and Weight - Normal Forces - Comparative problems - Falling bodies - Terminal velocity - Drag force - Important Equations and Quantities Pressure Pressure - Important Equations and Quantities Heat and Properties of Matter Heat and Properties of Matter - Phases of matter - Deformation of solids - Ideal gasses - Temperature - Thermal Properties of Materials - Important Equations and Quantities Electrostatics Electrostatics - What is Electrostatics - Charge - Electrostatic Force - Electric Fields - Electrical Potential - Important Equations and Quantities| Electricity Electricity - Flow of Charge - Circuits - Voltage and current - Resistance - Voltage and current in a practical circuit - How voltage, current, and resistance relate - An analogy for Ohm's Law - Power in electric circuits - Calculating electric power - Resistors - Nonlinear conduction - Circuit wiring - Polarity of voltage drops - What are series and parallel circuits - Simple series circuits - Simple parallel circuits - Power calculations - Correct use of Ohm's Law - Conductor size - Fuses - Important Equations and Quantities Magnets and Electromagnetism Magnets and Electromagnetism - Permanent magnets - Electromagnetism - Magnetic units of measurement - Electromagnetic induction - AC - Measurements of AC magnitude Electronics Electronics - capacitive and inductive circuits - filters and signal tuning - active circuit elements, diode, LED and field effect transistor, operational amplifier - principles of digital electronics - logical gates - Counting circuits The Atom The Atom - Models of the Atom - Structure of the Atom - Isotopes - Energy quantization and electron configuration - Periodicity of ionization energy to support atom arrangement in Periodic Table - Successive ionisation energies to provide evidence for arrangement of electrons into core and valence - Bohr orbits - Heisenberg uncertainty Principle - Pauli exclusion principle - Ionization Energy - Electron configuration - Valency Modern Physics Modern Physics - Introduction to the idea of a quantum - The wave-particle duality Inside atomic nucleus Inside atomic nucleus - What the atom is made of - Nucleus - Nuclear force - Binding energy and nuclear masses - Radioactivity - Nuclear reactions - Detectors - Nuclear energy - Nuclear energy: Nuclear reactors - Nuclear energy: Fusion energy - Elementary particles - Elementary particles: beta decay - Elementary particles: Particle physics - Elementary particles: Quarks and leptons - Elementary particles: Forces of nature - Origin of the universe

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• Introduction

Units

• Units
  • PGCE Comments
  • TO DO LIST
  • Introduction
  • Unit Systems
    • SI Units (Système International d'Unités)
    • The Other Systems of Units
  • The Importance of Units
  • Choice of Units
  • How to Change Units-- the Multiply by Technique
  • How Units Can Help You
    • What is a sanity test?
  • Temperature
  • Scientific Notation, Significant Figures and Rounding
  • Conclusion

Waves and Wavelike Motion

• Waves and Wavelike Motion
  • What are waves?
    • Characteristics of Waves - Amplitude
    • Characteristics of Waves - Wavelength
    • Characteristics of Waves - Period
    • Characteristics of Waves - Frequency
    • Characteristics of Waves - Speed
  • Three Types of Waves
  • Properties of Waves
    • Properties of Waves - Reflection
    • Properties of Waves - Refraction
    • Properties of Waves - Interference
    • Properties of Waves - Standing Waves
    • Beats
    • Properties of Waves - Diffraction
    • Properties of Waves - Dispersion
  • Practical Applications of Waves- Sound Waves (not written)
    • Doppler Shift
    • Ultra-Sound
  • Practical Applications of Waves: Electromagnetic Waves
  • Important Equations and Quantities

Vectors

• Vectors
  • PGCE Comments
  • TO DO LIST
  • Introduction
    • Mathematical representation
    • Graphical representation
  • Some Examples of Vectors
    • Displacement
    • Velocity
    • Acceleration
  • Mathematical Properties of Vectors
    • Addition of Vectors
    • Subtraction of Vectors
    • Scalar Multiplication
  • Techniques of Vector Addition
    • Graphical Techniques
    • Algebraic Addition and Subtraction of Vectors
  • Components of Vectors
    • Block on an incline
    • Vector addition using components
  • Do I really need to learn about vectors? Are they really useful?
  • Summary of Important Quantities, Equations and Concepts

Forces

• Forces
  • TO DO LIST
  • What is a force
  • Force diagrams
  • Equilibrium of Forces
  • Newtons Laws of Motion
    • First Law
    • Second Law
    • Third Law
  • Examples of Forces Studied Later
    • Newtonian Gravity
    • Electromagnetic Forces
  • Summary of Important Quantities, Equations and Concepts

Rectilinear Motion

• Rectilinear Motion
  • What is rectilinear motion
  • Speed and Velocity
  • Graphs
    • Displacement-Time Graphs
    • Velocity-Time Graphs
    • Acceleration-Time Graphs
    • Worked Examples
  • Equations of Motion
  • Important Equations and Quantities

Momentum

• Momentum
  • What is Momentum
  • The Momentum of a System
  • Change in Momentum
  • What properties does momentum have
  • Impulse
  • Summary of Important Quantities, Equations and Concepts

Work and Energy

• Work and Energy
  • What are Work and Energy
  • Work
  • Energy
    • Types of Energy
  • Mechanical Energy and Energy Conservation
  • Summary of Important Quantities, Equations and Concepts
  • Solar
  • Wind
  • Biomass
  • Geothermal Energy
  • Wave Energy
  • Alternatives
    • Biodiesel
    • Ethanol
    • Hydrogen

Collisions and Explosions

• Collisions and Explosions
  • Essay 2: Tiny, Violent Collisions
  • Types of Collisions
    • Elastic Collisions
    • Inelastic Collisions
  • Explosions
  • Explosions: Energy and Heat
  • Important Equations and Quantities

Newtonian Gravitation

• Newtonian Gravitation
  • Properties
  • Mass and Weight
    • Examples
  • Normal Forces
  • Comparative problems
  • Falling bodies
  • Terminal velocity
  • Drag force
  • Important Equations and Quantities

Pressure

• Pressure
  • Essay 3: Pressure and Forces
  • Important Equations and Quantities

Heat and Properties of Matter

• Heat and Properties of Matter
  • Phases of matter
    • Density
    • Solids, liquids, gasses
    • Pressure in fluids
    • change of phase
  • Deformation of solids
    • strain, stress
    • Elastic and plastic behaviour
  • Ideal gasses
    • Equation of state
    • Kinetic theory of gasses
    • Pressure of a gas
    • Kinetic energy of a molecule
  • Temperature
    • Thermal equilibrium
    • Temperature scales
    • Practical thermometers
  • Thermal Properties of Materials
    • Specific heat capacity
    • Specific latent heat
    • Internal energy
    • First law of thermodynamics
  • Important Equations and Quantities

Electrostatics

• Electrostatics
  • What is Electrostatics?
  • Charge
  • Electrostatic Force
    • Coulombs Law
  • Electric Fields
    • Test Charge
    • What do field maps look like
    • Combined Charge Distributions
    • Parallel plates
    • What about the Strength of the Electric Field
  • Electrical Potential
    • Work Done and Energy Transfer in a Field
    • Electrical Potential Difference
    • Millikans Oil-drop Experiment
  • Important Equations and Quantities

Electricity

• Electricity
  • Flow of Charge
  • Circuits
  • Voltage and current
  • Resistance
  • Voltage and current in a practical circuit
  • How voltage, current, and resistance relate
  • An analogy for Ohm's Law
  • Power in electric circuits
  • Calculating electric power
  • Resistors
  • Nonlinear conduction
  • Circuit wiring
  • Polarity of voltage drops
  • What are "series" and "parallel" circuits?
    • Simple series circuits
    • Simple parallel circuits
  • Power calculations
  • Correct use of Ohm's Law
  • Conductor size
  • FHSST_Physics_Electricity:Fuses
  • Important Equations and Quantities

Magnets and Electromagnetism

• Magnets and Electromagnetism
  • Permanent magnets
  • Electromagnetism
  • Magnetic units of measurement
  • Electromagnetic induction
  • AC
  • Measurements of AC magnitude

Electronics

• Electronics
  • Capacitive and inductive circuits
    • A capacitor
    • An inductor
  • filters and signal tuning
  • active circuit elements
    • Diode
    • LED
    • Transistor
    • The transistor as a switch
  • principles of digital electronics - Electronic logic gates
  • principles of digital electronics - Counting circuits
    • Half Adder
    • Full adder

The Atom

• The Atom
  • Models of the Atom
  • Structure of the Atom
  • Isotopes
  • Energy quantization and electron configuration
  • Periodicity of ionization energy to support atom arrangement in Periodic Table
  • Successive ionisation energies to provide evidence for arrangement of electrons into core and valence
  • Bohr orbits
  • Heisenberg uncertainty Principle
  • Pauli exclusion principle
  • Ionization Energy
  • Electron configuration
  • Valency

Modern Physics

• Modern Physics
  • Introduction to the idea of a quantum
  • The wave-particle duality

Inside atomic nucleus

• Inside atomic nucleus
  • What the atom is made of
  • Nucleus
    • Proton
    • Neutron
    • Isotopes
  • Nuclear force
  • Binding energy and nuclear masses
    • Binding energy
    • Nuclear energy units
    • Mass defect
    • Nuclear masses
  • Radioactivity
    • Discovery of radioactivity
    • Nuclear Alpha, Beta and Gamma rays
    • Danger of the ionizing radiation
    • Decay law
    • Radioactive dating
  • Nuclear reactions
  • Detectors
    • Geiger counter
    • Fluorescent screen
    • Photo-emulsion
    • Wilsons chamber
    • Bubble chamber
    • Spark chamber
  • Nuclear energy
    • Nuclear reactors
    • Fusion energy
  • Elementary particles
    • _$ decay
    • Particle physics|
    • Quarks and leptons|
    • Forces of nature|
  • Origin of the universe