Láadan/Lessons/9
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The Manner marker: -nal[edit | edit source]
[(Aux) Verb (Neg) CP-S CP-Manner]
To mark the manner in which something is done (such as quickly, meticulously, etc.), we use the "-nal" suffix.
Examples[edit | edit source]
| Láadan | English | Vocab words |
|---|---|---|
| Bíi di be wa. | He speaks. | di = to speak, be = he/she/it/they (singular) |
| Bíi di be lóolonal wa. | He speaks slowly. | lóolo = slow |
The Reason-cause marker: -wáan[edit | edit source]
[(Aux) Verb (Neg) CP-S CP-Cause]
This cause marker is used to specify that something is done because of some reason, while "-wan" is to specify "in order to..." or for some purpose.
Examples[edit | edit source]
| Láadan | English | Vocab words |
|---|---|---|
| Bíi héeya be wa. | She is afraid. | héeya = to be afraid |
| Bíi héeya be óowamidewáan wa. | She is afraid because of the dragon. | óowamid = dragon |
The Purpose-cause marker: -wan[edit | edit source]
[(Aux) Verb (Neg) CP-S CP-Cause]
The "-wan" suffix is used to specify that some action is being done, in order to to do something (that something being whatever has the -wan suffix.)
Examples[edit | edit source]
| Láadan | English | Vocab words |
|---|---|---|
| Bíi ulanin be wa. | She is studying. | ulanin = to study |
| Bíi ulanin be bediwan wa. | She is studying to learn. | bedi = to learn |
The cause marker: dó-[edit | edit source]
[(Aux) Verb (Neg) CP-S CP-Obj]
You can change a verb into "the subject causes the object to [VERB]" by putting "dó-" at the beginning of the verb.
Examples[edit | edit source]
| Láadan | English | Vocab words |
|---|---|---|
| Bíi yod le wa. | I am eating. | yod = to eat |
| Bíi dóyod le mideth wa. | I am feeding the animal. | mid = animal |