Láadan/Lessons/7
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The Association marker: -den and -dan
[edit | edit source][(Aux) Verb (Neg) CP-S CP-Association]
The Association marker is used to specify with whom something is done. "-den" is the neutral form, while "-dan" can additionally specify that it is a pleasure to do so.
Examples
[edit | edit source]| Láadan | English | Vocab words |
|---|---|---|
| Bíi lalom le wa. | I am singing. | lalom = to sing |
| Bóo aril lalom leden. | Would you sing with me? | le+den = with me |
The Beneficiary marker: -da
[edit | edit source][(Aux) Verb (Neg) CP-S CP-Beneficiary]
The Beneficiary marker is used to specify for whom something is done for; on whose behalf.
The Beneficiary marker also has alternative forms in order to specify purpose: "-dá" for "against one's will", as in forced or coerced, "-daá" for "accidentally", and "-dáa" for "because of an obligation of law or duty that one accepts". For all other situations, "-da" should be used.
Examples
[edit | edit source]| Láadan | English | Vocab words |
|---|---|---|
| Bíi lalom le laneda wa. | I am singing for a friend. | lan = friend |