Flora of New York/Orchidaceae & Hypoxidaceae

A reviewed version of this page, approved on 8 May 2019, was based off this revision.

← Dioscoreales & Liliales	Flora of New York — Asparagales (1) Orchidaceae & Hypoxidaceae				→ Asparagales (2) Iridaceae & Asphodelaceae
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

Superorder	Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genus	Common names	#
Lilianae (E) lilioid monocots	Asparagales	Orchidaceae	Vanilloideae	Pogonieae	Pogonia	snakemouth orchid	3
			Vanilloideae	Pogonieae	Isotria	fiveleaf orchid	3
			Cypripedioideae	—	Cypripedium	lady's slipper	7
			Epidendroideae	Neottieae	Epipactis	helleborine	2
				Neottieae	Neottia	twayblade	4
				Triphoreae	Triphora	noddingcaps	1
				Arethuseae	Arethusa	dragon's mouth	2
				Malaxideae	Liparis	widelip-orchid	2
				Malaxideae	Malaxis	adder's-mouth-orchid	3
				Maxillarieae	Corallorhiza	coralroot	6
				Maxillarieae	Aplectrum	Adam and Eve	1
				Calypsoeae	Calypso	fairy slipper	1
				Calypsoeae	Tipularia	cranefly orchid	1
			Orchidoideae	Orchideae	Amerorchis	roundleaf orchis	1
					Coeloglossum	frog-orchid	1
					Galearis	galearis	1
					Platanthera	fringed-orchid	18
				Cranichideae	Goodyera	rattlesnake-plantain	3
				Cranichideae	Spiranthes	ladies'-tresses	14
		Hypoxidaceae	—	—	Hypoxis	eastern yellow stargrass	1
		Iridaceae	Iridoideae	Irideae	Iris	iris	10
			Iridoideae	Sisyrinchieae	Sisyrinchium	blue-eyed grass	7
			Crocoideae	Ixiae	Crocus	crocus	4
		Asphodelaceae	Hemerocallidoieae	Hemerocallideae	Hemerocallis	daylily	2
		Amaryllidaceae	Allioideae	Allieae	Allium	garlic, onion, leek, chives	14
			Amaryllidoideae	Narcisseae	Narcissus	daffodil	4
				Galantheae	Galanthus	snowdrop	2
				Galantheae	Leucojum	snowflake	1
		Asparagaceae	Scilloideae	Ornithogaleae	Ornithogalum	star-of-Bethlehem	2
				Hyacintheae	Chionodoxa	glory of the snow	1
					Hyacinthoides	English-bluebell	2
					Muscari	grape-hyacinth	1
					Scilla	squill	1
			Agavoideae	Agaveae	Yucca	Adam's needle	1
					Hosta	plantain lily	4
					Camassia	Atlantic camas	0
			Asparagoideae	—	Asparagus	asparagus	1
			Nolinoideae	Convallarieae	Convallaria	lily-of-the-valley	2
				Polygonateae	Maianthemum	mayflower	4
				Polygonateae	Polygonatum	Solomon's-seal	3

The classification scheme used here for the order Asparagales is from P.F. Stevens, (2001-2015). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, April 2015. - University of Missouri, St Louis, and Missouri Botanical Garden.

Family Orchidaceae

The Orchidaceae (orchid family) has about 20 genera with close to 70 taxa growing outside of cultivation in New York.^[1]

↑ Orchidaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Subfamily Vanilloideae

The Vanilloideae ...

Tribe Pogonieae

Pogonia

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Vanilloideae — Pogonieae
Genus Pogonia	Pogonia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Pogonia ophioglossoides (L.) Ker Gawl. 1753. Arethusa ophioglossoides L. 1816. Pogonia ophioglossoides Ker Gawl. 1921. Pogonia ophioglossoides var. brachypogon Fernald	Rose pogonia, Snakemouth orchid, Snake-mouth orchid Pogonie langue-de-serpent, Pogonie à langue de serpent	Native, Likely secure, CITES II OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies

Isotria

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Vanilloideae — Pogonieae
Genus Isotria Raf. (1808)	Fiveleaf orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Isotria verticillata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Raf. 1805. Arethusa verticillata Muhl. ex Willd. 1808. Isotria verticillata Raf. 1818. Pogonia verticillata Nutt.	Large whorled pogonia, Large whorled pogonia orchid, Purple five-leaved orchid, Purple fiveleaf orchid Isotrie verticillée, Grande pogonie verticillée	Native, Vulnerable, DEC-D^[1], CITES II		NYFA: 3-4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies
Isotria medeoloides (Pursh) Raf. Arethusa medeoloides Pogonia affinis Isotria medeoloides	Small whorled pogonia	Native, Endangered, DEC-A^[2]		NYFA: Z	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.

Subfamily Cypripedioideae

The Cypripedioideae consists of the lady's slipper orchids.

Cypripedium

Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Cypripedioideae — Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium
Genus Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Acaulia	Lady's-slipper	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cypripedium acaule Aiton 1789. Cypripedium acaule Aiton 1789. Fissipes acaulis (Aiton) Small	Pink lady's-slipper, Moccasin flower, Stemless lady’s-slipper Cypripède acaule, Cypripède rose, Sabot de la Vierge	Native, CoC: 5, Likely secure FACW		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Genus Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Cypripedium	Lady's-slipper	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. makasin (Farw.) Sheviak 1918. C. pubescensvar. makasin 1993. C. parviflorumvar. makasin	Northern yellow lady's slipper, Greater yellow lady's slipper, Small yellow lady's slipper Cypripède mocassin	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) O.W.Knight 1804. Cypripedium pubescens Willd. 1906. C. parviflorumvar. pubescens 1938. C. calceolusvar. pubescens	Greater yellow lady's slipper, Large yellow lady's slipper Cypripède pubescent, Cypripède jaune variété à pétales plats	Native, Vulnerable		NYFA: 3	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. parviflorum 1791. Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. 1946. C. calceolusvar. parviflorum 1968. C. calceolusssp. parviflorum	Small yellow lady's-slipper	Native, Endangered		NYFA: Z	USDA-N0 Go Botany FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Cypripedium candidum Muhl. ex Willd.	Small white lady's slipper, White lady's slipper	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN BONAP Images Wikispecies
Genus Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Cypripedium (excluded taxa)	Lady's-slipper	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cypripedium calceolus L. 1753. Cypripedium calceolus L.	Eurasian lady's-slipper	Introduced from Eurasia, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	Kew WCSP Images Wikispecies
Genus Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Arietinum	Lady's-slipper	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cypripedium arietinum R.Br. 1813. Cypripedium arietinum R.Br. 1905. Criosanthes arietina (R.Br.) House	Ram's head lady's slipper, Ram's head Cypripède tête-de-bélier	Native, Threatened		NYFA: 2	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies

Cypripedium subg. Irapeana

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Cypripedioideae — Cypripedium subg. Irapeana
Genus Cypripedium subg. Irapeana sect. Obtusiflora	Lady's-slipper	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cypripedium reginae Walter	Showy lady's-slipper, Pink-and-white lady's-slipper, Queen's lady's-slipper Cypripède royal	Native, Vulnerable FACW		NYFA: 3	USDA-NN Go Botany FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies

Subfamily Epidendroideae

The Epidendroideae.

Tribe Neottieae

Neottia

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Neottieae — Neottia
Genus Neottia Guett. 1750	Twayblade	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Neottia cordata (L.) Rich. 1753. Ophrys cordata L. 1813. Listera cordata (L.) R.Br. 1818. Neottia cordata (L.) Rich. 1825. Distomaea cordata (L.) Spenner 1867. Pollinirhiza cordata (L.) Dulac 1891. Diphryllum cordatum (L.) Kuntze	Broadlipped twayblade, Heart-leaved twayblade Listère à feuilles cordées, Listère à feuilles en coeur	Native, Vulnerable		NYFA: 3-4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Neottia bifolia (Raf.) Baumbach 1840. Listera australis Lindl. 1852. Neottia australis (Lindl.) Rchb.f. 1891. Diphryllum australe Kuntze 1905. Ophrys australis (Lindl.) House 1913. Bifolium australe (Lindl.) Nieuwl. 2009. Neottia bifolia (Raf.) Baumbach	Southern twayblade Listère australe	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1-2	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Neottia auriculata (Wiegand) Szlach. 1899. Listera auriculata Wiegand 1905. Ophrys auriculata House 1913. Bifolium auriculatum Nieuwl. 1995. Neottia auriculata Szlach.	Auricled twayblade Listère auriculée	Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[1]		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos IPN Images Wikispecies
Neottia convallarioides (Sw.) Rich. 1800. Epipactis convallarioides Sw. 1817. Neottia convallarioides Rich. 1818. Listera convallarioides Nutt. 1823. L. convallarioides Nutt. ex Elliott 1905. Ophrys convallarioides W.Wight ex House 1828. L. eschscholziana Cham. & Schltdl. 1840. Neottia eschscholziana Steud.	Broad-leaved twayblade, Broad-lip twayblade Listère faux-muguet	Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[2]		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Neottia × veltmanii (Case) Baumbach Neottia auriculata × Neottia convallarioides 1964. Listera × veltmanii Case 2009. Neottia × veltmanii Baumbach	Veltman's twayblade, Veltman's listera, Hybrid of Auricled twayblade & Broad-leaved twayblade Listère de Veltman	Native, No reports Perennial			USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Listera auriculata. Endangered, S1/G3G4. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Listera convallarioides. Endangered, S1/G5.

Epipactis

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Neottieae — Epipactis
Genus Epipactis	Helleborine	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz	Broad-leaved helleborine, Eastern helleborine, Helleborine, Weed orchid	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz	Marsh orchid	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-00 ITIS Images Wikispecies

Tribe Triphoreae

Triphora

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Triphoreae — Triphora
Genus Triphora	Noddingcaps	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Triphora trianthophora ssp. trianthophora	Nodding pogonia, Threebirds	Native, Threatened		NYFA: 2	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies

Tribe Arethuseae

Calopogon

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Arethuseae — Calopogon
Genus Calopogon	Grass pink	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1 NPT
Calopogon tuberosus (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. var. tuberosus 1753. Limodorum tuberosum L. 1796. Limodorum pulchellum Salisb. 1813. Calopogon pulchellus R.Br. 1888. Calopogon tuberosus BSP	Grass pink, Tuberous grass-pink, Swamp pink Calopogon tubéreux,, Calopogon gracieux	Native, Likely secure FACW-OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Arethusa

Arethusa is currently a monotypic species.

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Arethuseae — Arethusa
Genus Arethusa	Dragon's mouth	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Arethusa bulbosa L. 1753. Arethusa bulbosa L.	Dragon's mouth, Swamp pink Aréthuse bulbeuse	Native, Threatened OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 2	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Tribe Malaxideae

Liparis

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Malaxideae — Liparis
Genus Liparis	Wide-lip orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich. 1753. Ophrys loeselii L. 1815. Malaxis correana W.P.C.Barton 1817. Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich.	Loesel's twayblade, Fen orchid, Fen orchis, Bog twayblade, Yellow wide-lip orchid Liparis de Loesel, Liparide de Loesel	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Liparis liliifolia (L.) Rich. ex Lindl. 1753. Ophrys liliifolia L. 1800. Malaxis liliifolia Sw. 1825. Liparis liliifolia (L.) Rich.	Brown widelip orchid, Lily-leaved twayblade, Purple twayblade, Large twayblade, Mauve sleekwort Liparis à feuilles de lis	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Malaxis

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Malaxideae — Malaxis
Genus Malaxis Sol. ex Sw. (1788)	Adder's-mouth orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Malaxis unifolia Michx. 1803. Malaxis unifolia Michx. 1808. Achroanthes unifolia (Michx.) in… 1888. Microstylis unifolia (Michx.) in…	Green adder's-mouth Malaxis unifolié	Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. var. brachypoda (A.Gray) F. Morris & E.A.Eames 1833. Microstylis brachypoda A. Gray 1926. Malaxis brachypoda in… 1929. Malaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda (A.Gray) F. Morris & E.A.Eames 1969. Malaxis monophyllos ssp. brachypoda 2006. Microstylis monophyllos ssp. brachypoda	North American white adder’s-mouth, White adder's-mouth orchid	Native, CoC: 10, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Malaxis bayardii Fernald 1936. Malaxis bayardii Fernald	Bayard's adder's-mouth orchid, Appalachian adder's-mouth orchid, Bayard’s malaxis Malaxis de Bayard	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[1]		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN LBJ IUCN Red List: [1] Images Wikispecies
Genus Malaxis (excluded taxa)	Adder's-mouth orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. var. monophyllos 1753. Ophrys monophyllos L. 1800. Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. 1828. Malaxis diphyllos Cham. 1830. Microstylis monophyllos in… 1891. Achroanthes monophylla in… 1975. Malaxis monophyllos var. diphyllos (Cham.) Luer	Aleutian adder's-mouth orchid, Eurasian white adder’s-mouth	Introduced from Eurasia, Alaska, BC, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Malaxis bayardii. Endangered, S1/G1G2.

Tribe Maxillarieae

Corallorhiza

Corallorhiza (coralroot) species are leafless, rootless, mycotrophic orchids.

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Maxillarieae — Corallorhiza
Genus Corallorhiza	Coral root	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Corallorhiza maculata (Raf.) Raf. var. maculata 1817. Corallorhiza maculata (Raf.) Raf. 1823. Corallorhiza multiflora Nutt.	Spotted coralroot, Summer coralroot Corallorhize maculée	Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies
Corallorhiza maculata (Raf.) Raf. var. occidentalis (Lindl.) Ames 1840. C. multiflora var. occidentalis Lindl. 1916. C. maculata ssp. occidentalis (Lindl.) Cockerell 1924. C. maculata var. occidentalis (Lindl.) Ames	Early spotted coralroot ⓘ Summer coralroot ⓘ	Native, CoC: 10, Unranked Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: U	USDA-NN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Corallorhiza trifida Châtel. 1753. Ophrys corallorhiza L. 1760. Corallorhiza trifida Châtel. 1813. Corallorhiza innata R.Br. 1881. C. corallorhiza (L.) H.Karst. 1892. C. corallorhiza (L.) MacMill.	Early coralroot, Northern coral-root	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Poir. var. odontorhiza	Autumn coralroot	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA- Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies
Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Poir. var. pringlei	Pringle's coralroot, Pringle's autumn coralroot	Native, No recent reports		NYFA: Z	Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies
Corallorhiza striata var. striata	Striped coral-root	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Aplectrum

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Maxillarieae — Aplectrum
Genus Aplectrum	Adam and Eve	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt. (1818) Cymbidium hyemale Muhl. ex Willd.	Adam and Eve, Putty root	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies

Tribe Calypsoeae

Calypso

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Calypsoeae — Calypso
Genus Calypso	Fairy slipper	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes var. americana (R.Br.) Luer Cytherea bulbosa (L.) House p.p.	Fairy slipper	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, No recent reports FACW Perenial, Herb-forb		NYFA: Z	USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies
Genus Calypso (excluded taxa)	Fairy slipper	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes var. bulbosa	Fairy slipper	Introduced from Eurasia, N.Y. excluded Perenial, Herb-forb		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN FNA LBJ Images Wikispecies

Tipularia

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Calypsoeae — Tipularia
Genus Tipularia	Tipularia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt.	Cranefly orchid, Crippled cranefly	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies

Subfamily Orchidoideae

Tribe Orchideae

Coeloglossum

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Coeloglossum
Genus Coeloglossum	Frog orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm. 1753. Satyrium viride L. 1820. Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm. 1997. Dactylorhiza viridis (L.) R.M. in…	Longbract frog orchid, Long-bract green orchis	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany FNA LBJ Images Wikispecies

Galearis

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Galearis
Genus Galearis Raf.	Galearis	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf. 1753. Orchis spectabilis L. 1826. Habenaria spectabilis Spreng. 1833. Galearis spectabilis Raf. 1901. Galeorchis spectabilis Rydb.	Showy orchid, Showy orchis	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Amerorchis

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Amerorchis
Genus Amerorchis	Amerorchis	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Amerorchis rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) Hultén 1814. Orchis rotundifolia Banks ex Pursh 1966. Ponerorchis rotundifolia Soó 1968. Amerorchis rotundifolia Hultén 2009. Galearis rotundifolia R.M.Bateman	Round-leaved orchis	Native, Likely extirpated		NYFA: Z	USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies

Platanthera

The grouping used here for the Platanthera species is based primarily on Argue (2012).^[1]

↑ Charles L. Argue (2012) The Pollination Biology of North American Orchids: Volume 1. pp. 81-179.

Platanthera: Limnorchis group

^[1]

↑ Argue C.L. (2012) Limnorchis Group. In: The Pollination Biology of North American Orchids: Volume 1. pp 87-107. Springer, New York, NY

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Platanthera — Limnorchis group
Genus Platanthera Limnorchis group	Fringed orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Platanthera aquilonis Sheviak 1753. Orchis hyperborea L. s.l.p.p. 1813. Habenaria hyperborea (L.) R.Br. (i) 1835. Platanthera hyperborea (L.) Lindl. (i) 1900. Limnorchis hyperborea (L.) Rydb. (i) 1999. Platanthera aquilonis Sheviak 2008. Limnorchis aquilonis Rebrist. & Elven	Northern green orchid, Tall northern green orchid, North wind bog-orchid, Eagle rein orchid, Sheviak's bog orchid Platanthère du Nord	Native, Likely secure Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Platanthera dilatata var. dilatata (Pursh) Lindl. ex L.C.Beck 1814. Orchis dilatata Pursh 1825. Habenaria dilatata (Pursh) Hook. 1833. P. dilatata Lindl. ex L.C.Beck 1839. P. dilatatavar. angustifolia Hook. 1901. Limnorchis dilatata (Pursh) Rydb.	Bog-candle, Scent-bottle, White bog-orchid, White northern bog-orchid, Tall white bog orchid Platanthère dilatée	Native, Likely secure Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos IPN Images Wikispecies
Platanthera huronensis (Nutt.) Lindl. 1818. Orchis huronensis Nutt. 1826. P. huronensis (Nutt.) Spreng. 1835. Habenaria huronensis (Nutt.) Lindl. 1901. Limnorchis × media Rydb. 1904. Habenaria × media (Rydb.) G.G.Niles 1923. H. hyperboreavar. huronensis Farw. 1975. P. × media (Rydb.) Luer 1975. P. hyperboreavar. huronensis Luer	Huron green orchid, Lake Huron green orchid, Lake Huron green bog-orchid, Fragrant green orchid, Intermediate bog orchid, Northern green bog orchid Platanthère du lac Huron	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Platanthera aquilonis × dilatata Platanthera aquilonis × Platanthera dilatata	Hybrid of Northern green orchid & Bog-candle	Native, Not reported Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: D	Images Wikispecies
Platanthera dilatata × huronensis Platanthera dilatata × Platanthera huronensis	Hybrid of Bog-candle & Huron green orchid	Native, Not reported Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: D	Images Wikispecies
Genus Platanthera Limnorchis group (excluded taxa)	Fringed orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Platanthera hyperborea (L.) Lindl. 1767. Orchis hyperborea L. 1813. Habenaria hyperborea (L.) R. Br. 1900. Limnorchis hyperborea (L.) Rydb. 1835. Platanthera hyperborea (L.) Lindl.	Northern green orchid	Introduced, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-00 ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Platanthera: Flava group

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Platanthera — Flava group
Genus Platanthera Flava group	Fringed orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. var. herbiola (R.Br.) Luer 1813. Habenaria herbiola R.Br. 1943. Habenaria flava var. herbiola (R.Br.) Ames & Correll 1975. Platanthera flava var. herbiola (R.Br.) Luer	Palegreen orchid, Pale green orchid, Northern tubercled bog-orchid	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Genus Platanthera Flava group (excluded taxa)	Fringed orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. var. flava Perularia flava (L.) Farw. Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl.	Palegreen orchid	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN FNA Images Wikispecies

Platanthera: Platanthera group

Platanthera obtusata is pollinated by mosquitoes.[2]

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Platanthera — Platanthera group
Genus Platanthera Platanthera group	Fringed orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Platanthera orbiculata (Pursh) Lindl. 1814. Orchis orbiculata Pursh 1826. Habenaria orbiculata Torr. 1835. Platanthera menziesii Lindl. 1835. Platanthera orbiculata Lindl. 1901. Lysias orbiculata (Pursh) Rydb. 1950. Habenaria orbiculata var. lehorsii Fernald 1950. Habenaria orbiculata var. menziesii Fernald 1977. Platanthera orbiculata var. lehorsii W.J.Schrenk	Lesser roundleaved orchid, Lesser roundleaved rein orchid, Small roundleaved orchid, Large round-leaved orchid Platanthère à feuilles orbiculaires, Habénaire à feuilles orbiculaires	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4?	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Platanthera macrophylla (Goldie) P.M.Brown 1822. Habenaria macrophylla Goldie 1906. Lysias macrophylla House 1929. Habenaria orbiculata fo. macrophylla F.J.A.Morris & E.A.Eames 1967. Habenaria orbiculata var. macrophylla B.Boivin 1975. Platanthera orbiculata var. macrophylla Luer 1988. P. macrophylla P.M.Brown	Greater round-leaved orchid, Large-leaved bog-orchid, Dinner plate orchid, Goldie's round-leaved orchid Platanthère à grandes feuilles, Habénaire à grandes feuilles	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4?	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Platanthera obtusata (Banks ex Pursh) Lindl. 1814. Orchis obtusata Banks ex Pursh 1823. Habenaria obtusata Richardson 1835. Platanthera obtusata Lindl. 1900. Lysiella obtusata Rydb. 1926. Habenaria obtusata var. collectanea Fernald	Small northern bog-orchid, Blunt-leaved orchid, Blunt-leaved bog-orchid, One-leaved rein orchid Platanthère à feuille obtuse, Habénaire à feuille obtuse	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Platanthera hookeri (Torr. ex A.Gray) Lindl. 1835. Habenaria hookeri Torr. ex A.Gray 1835. Habenaria hookeriana Lindl.* 1835. Platanthera hookeri Lindl. 1870. Orchis hookeri Alph. Wood 1901. Lysias hookeri Rydb. 1901. Lysias hookeriana * Rydb. 1933. Habenaria hookeri var. abbreviata Fernald 1977. Platanthera hookeri var. abbreviata W.J.Schrenk	Hooker's orchid Platanthère de Hooker, Habénaire de Hooker	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Platanthera: Lacera group

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Platanthera — Lacera group
Genus Platanthera Lacera group	Fringed orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Platanthera lacera (Michx.) G.Don 1803. Orchis lacera Michx. 1810. Habenaria lacera R.Br. 1839. Platanthera lacera G.Don 1900. Fimbriella lacera Farw. 1901. Blephariglotis* lacera Farw. 1901. Blephariglottis lacera Farw. 1981. Fimbriella lacera Butzin	Green fringed bog-orchid, Green fringed orchis, Ragged orchis Platanthère lacérée, Habénaire lacérée	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies
Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl. 1753. Orchis psycodes L. 1826. Habenaria psycodes (L.) Spreng. 1835. P. psycodes (L.) Llindl. 1981. Fimbriella psycodes (L.) Butzin	Lesser purple fringed orchid, Lesser purple fringed bog-orchid Platanthère papillon, Habénaire papillon, Habénaire frangée pourpre	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies
Platanthera grandiflora (Bigelow) Lindl. 1824. Orchis grandiflora Bigelow 1835. P. grandiflora (Bigelow) Lindl. 1840. Habenaria psycodes var. grandiflora	Large purple fringed orchis, Greater purple fringed orchid	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Platanthera leucophaea (Nutt.) Lindl. 1835. Orchis leucophaea Nutt. 1835. Platanthera leucophaea Lindl. 1867. Habenaria leucophaea A.Gray	Eastern prairie white fringed orchid, Eastern prairie white fringed bog-orchid	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, Likely extirpated FACW Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos FWS Images Wikispecies
Genus Platanthera Lacera group (excluded taxa)	Fringed orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Platanthera peramoena 1840. Habenaria peramoena A.Gray 1848. Platanthera peramoena (A.Gray) A.Gray 1901. Blephariglotis peramoena (A.Gray) Rydb.	Purple fringeless orchid	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-N0 FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Platanthera × andrewsii Platanthera lacera × Platanthera psycodes	Fringed orchid, Hybrid of Green fringed orchis & Lesser purple fringed orchid	Native, Not listed		NYFA: 0	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Platanthera × hollandiae P.M.Catling & Brownell Platanthera lacera × Platanthera leucophaea	Fringed orchid, Hybrid of Green fringed orchis & Eastern prairie white fringed orchid	Native, No reports		NYFA: 0	USDA-0N VASCAN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Platanthera × keenanii P.M.Brown Platanthera grandiflora × Platanthera lacera	Hybrid of Large purple fringed orchis & Green fringed bog-orchid	Native, No reports		NYFA: D	Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Platanthera: Blephariglottis group

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Platanthera — Blephariglottis group
Genus Platanthera Blephariglottis group	Fringed orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Platanthera blephariglottis (Willd.) Lindl. var. blephariglottis 1805. Orchis blephariglottis Willd. 1824. Habenaria blepharoglottis Hook. 1835. Platanthera blephariglottis Lindl. 1836. Blephariglottis albiflora Raf. 1901. Blephariglottis blephariglottis Rydb.	White fringed orchis, White fringed bog orchid Platanthère à gorge frangée, Habénaire à gorge frangée, Habénaire frangée blanche	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Platanthera clavellata	Small green woodland orchid	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl. 1753. Orchis ciliaris L. 1813. Habenaria ciliaris (L.) R.Br. 1835. Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl. 1901. Blephariglottis ciliaris (L.) Rydb. 1901. Blephariglotis ciliaris (L.) Rydb.*	Yellow fringed orchid, Orange fringed bog orchid Platanthère ciliée, Habénaire ciliée	Native, Endangered FACW Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Platanthera cristata	Yellow crested orchis	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	Images Wikispecies
Platanthera × bicolor Platanthera blephariglottis × Platanthera ciliaris	Fringed orchid, Hybrid of White fringed orchid & Yellow fringed orchid	Native			Images Wikispecies
Platanthera × canbyi Platanthera blephariglottis × Platanthera cristata	Fringed orchid, Hybrid of White fringed orchid & Yellow crested orchis	Native			Images Wikispecies
Platanthera × vossii F.W.Case Platanthera blephariglottis × Platanthera clavellata		Native, No reports		NYFA: D	Images Wikispecies

Tribe Cranichideae

Goodyera

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Cranichideae — Goodyera
Genus Goodyera	Rattlesnake plantain	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R.Br. 1805. Neottia pubescens Willd. 1891. Orchiodes pubescens Kuntze 1892. Peramium pubescens MacMill. 1813. Goodyera pubescens R.Br.	Downy rattlesnake-plantain Goodyérie pubescente	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4-5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Goodyera repens (L.) R.Br. 1753. Satyrium repens L. 1813. Goodyera repens (L.) R.Br. 1899. Goodyera repens var. ophioides Fernald 1901. Peramium ophioides Rydb. 1931. Goodyera ophioides Rydb.	Dwarf rattlesnake-plantain, Lesser rattlesnake-plantain Goodyérie rampante	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4-5	USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Goodyera tesselata Lodd. 1824. Goodyera tesselata Lodd. 1900. Peramium tesselatum A.Heller 1908. Epipactis tesselata A.A.Eaton 1979. Goodyera repens var. tesselata (Lodd.) B.Boivin	Checkered rattlesnake plantain, Tesselated rattlesnake-plantain, Loddiges' rattlesnake-plantain Goodyérie panachée	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Goodyera oblongifolia Raf. 1833. Goodyera oblongifolia Raf. 1908. Epipactis decipiens Benth. 1923. Goodyera decipiens Hubbard	Western rattlesnake plantain, Giant rattlesnake plantain Goodyérie à feuilles oblongues	Native, Unranked		NYFA: D	Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Spiranthes

Spiranthes cernua complex

Morphologically, the species of the Spiranthes cernua complex are known to be quite variable within species but relatively similar from one species to another. Recent molecular phylogenetic research has redefined this group by moving some species in or out, confirming hybrid origins, and adding newly published species.^[1]

↑ Matthew C. Pace, Kenneth M. Cameron (2017) "The Systematics of the Spiranthes cernua Species Complex (Orchidaceae): Untangling the Gordian Knot," Systematic Botany, American Society of Plant Taxonomists, Vol. 42, No. 4, December 2017, pp. 640-669(30). https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X696537

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Cranichideae — Spiranthes
Genus Spiranthes	Ladies' tresses	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Spiranthes cernua (L.) Rich. 1753. Ophrys cernua L. 1800. Neottia cernua (L.) Willd. 1817. S. cernua (L.) Rich. 1891. Gyrostachys cernua (L.) Kuntze 1905. Ibidium cernuum (L.) House 1913. Triorchis cernua (L.) Nieuwl.	Nodding lady's tresses, Nodding ladies'-tresses Spiranthe penchée, Spiranthe cernuée	Native, CoC: 2, Likely secure FACW Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Spiranthes ochroleuca (Rydb.) Rydb. 1901. Gyrostachys ochroleuca Rydb. 1905. Spiranthes cernua var. ochroleuca Ames 1932. Spiranthes ochroleuca Rydb. 1941. Spiranthes × steigeri Correll	Yellow ladies'-tresses ⓘ Yellow nodding ladies'-tresses ⓘ Spiranthe jaunâtre ⓘ	Native, CoC: 7, Secure N. R. Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Spiranthes casei Catling & Cruise var. casei 1974. S. casei Catling & Cruise 1981. S. caseivar. casei auct. S. × intermedia non Ames auct. S. vernalis non Engelm & A.Gray	Case's ladies'-tresses Spiranthe de Case	Native, CoC: 2, Vulnerable N. R. Perennial, Herb-forb		Clinton, Cortland, Essex, Franklin, Genesee, Hamilton, Herkimer, Jefferson, Lewis, St.Lawrence, Wyoming NYFA: 3-4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Spiranthes magnicamporum Sheviak 1973. S. magnicamporum Sheviak	Great Plains ladies'-tresses, Great Plains lady's-tresses	Native, CoC: 8, Endangered, CITES-II FACU Perennial, Herb-forb		Jefferson, St. Lawrence NYFA: 1	USDA-NN FNA NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Spiranthes incurva (Jenn.) M.C.Pace S. cernua s. s. × S. magnicamporum 2017. Spiranthes incurva (Jenn.) M.C.Pace	Sphinx ladies’ tresses, Ancient hybrid of Nodding ladies’ tresses & Great Plains ladies'-tresses	Native, Unranked, Herb-forb		Fulton, Hamilton, Oswego NYFA: NU	Images Wikispecies
Spiranthes arcisepala M.C. Pace 2017. Spiranthes arcisepala M.C.Pace	Appalachian ladies’ tresses ⓘ	Native, Unranked		Delaware, Hamilton NYFA: NU	Images Wikispecies
Spiranthes ovalis Lindl. var. erostellata Catling 1840. Spiranthes ovalis Lindl. 1983. Spiranthes ovalis var. erostellata Catling	October ladies’ tresses	Native, Endangered, Herb-forb		St. Lawrence only NYFA: 1	USDA-NN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Spiranthes outside of cernua complex

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Cranichideae — Spiranthes
Genus Spiranthes	Ladies' tresses	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Spiranthes lucida (H.H.Eaton) Ames 1832. Neottia lucida H.H.Eaton 1833. S. plantaginea (Raf.) Raf. 1905. Ibidium plantagineum (Raf.) House 1908. S. lucida (H.H.Eaton) Ames	Shining ladies'-tresses, Wide-leaved ladies'-tresses Spiranthe lustrée, Spiranthe brillante	Native, CoC: 4, Secure FACW Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies
Spiranthes romanzoffiana Cham. 1828. S. romanzoffiana Cham. 1900. Gyrostachys stricta Rydb. 1905. Ibidium strictum House 1909. S. stricta A.Nelson	Hooded ladies'-tresses, Irish lady's-tresses Spiranthe de Romanzoff	Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies
Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. var. lacera 1818. Neottia lacera Raf. 1833. S. lacera (Raf.) Raf.	Northern slender ladies'-tresses, Northern slender lady's tresses Spiranthe découpée, Spiranthe lacérée	Native, CoC: 5, Likely secure Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. var. gracilis (Bigelow) Luer 1824. Neottia gracilis Bigelow 1833. S. gracilis (Bigelow) L.C.Beck 1840. S. beckii Lindl. 1905. Ibidium gracile (Bigelow) House 1906. Ibidium beckii House 1975. S. laceravar. gracilis	Southern slender ladies'-tresses, Slender lady's tresses Spiranthe grêle, Spiranthe gracile	Native, CoC: 5, Vulnerable Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 3-4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Spiranthes tuberosa Raf. 1833. Spiranthes tuberosa Raf. 1904. S. grayi Ames 1867. S. simplex A.Gray 1946. S. tuberosavar. grayi	Little ladies'-tresses, Little lady's tresses Spiranthe	Native, CoC: 10, Vulnerable Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 3	USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & A.Gray 1845. S. vernalis Engelm. & A.Gray 1891. Gyrostachys vernalis Kuntze 1905. Ibidium vernale House 1908. S. sinensis (Pers.) Ames	Twisted ladies'-tresses, Spring ladies'-tresses, Spring lady's tresses, Upland ladiestresses Spiranthe	Native, CoC: 7, Endangered, NYNHP: S1S2^[1] FAC Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 1	Go Botany ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Genus Spiranthes (excluded taxa)	Ladies' tresses	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Spiranthes praecox (Walter) S. Watson 1788. Limodorum praecox Walter 1890. S. praecox (Walter) S. Watson 1906. Ibidium praecox (Walter) House 1913. Triorchis praecox (Walter) Nieuwl.	Greenvein lady's tresses	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-N0 FNA IPN Images Wikispecies
Spiranthes × simpsonii Catling & Sheviak S. lacera var. lacera × S. romanzoffiana		Native, No reports			FNA Images Wikispecies
Spiranthes × eamesii P.M.Brown S. lacera var. gracilis × S. tuberosa		Native, No reports			Images Wikispecies
Spiranthes × ‌intermedia Ames S. lacera var. gracilis × S. vernalis		Native, No reports			Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2019. Online Conservation Guide for Spiranthes vernalis. Available from: https://guides.nynhp.org/spring-ladies-tresses/. Accessed May 7, 2019.

Family Hypoxidaceae

The Hypoxidaceae^[1]

Hypoxis

Asparagales — Hypoxidaceae — Hypoxis
Genus Hypoxis	Star grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville 1753. Ornithogalum hirsutum L. 1759. Hypoxis erecta L. superfl. 1803. Hypoxis carolinensis Michx. 1814. Hypoxis graminea Pursh 1894. Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville 1894. Hypoxis micrantha Pollard	Eastern yellow stargrass, Common goldstar, Common stargrass, Yellow stargrass Hypoxis hirsute	Native, CoC: 6, Secure FAC Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies
↑ Hypoxidaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

← Dioscoreales & Liliales	Flora of New York — Asparagales (1) Orchidaceae & Hypoxidaceae				→ Asparagales (2) Iridaceae & Asphodelaceae
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

[1] Orchidaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[DECD-2] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.

[DECA-3] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.

[4] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Listera auriculata. Endangered, S1/G3G4.

[5] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Listera convallarioides. Endangered, S1/G5.

[6] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Malaxis bayardii. Endangered, S1/G1G2.

[7] Charles L. Argue (2012) The Pollination Biology of North American Orchids: Volume 1. pp. 81-179.

[8] Argue C.L. (2012) Limnorchis Group. In: The Pollination Biology of North American Orchids: Volume 1. pp 87-107. Springer, New York, NY

[9] Matthew C. Pace, Kenneth M. Cameron (2017) "The Systematics of the Spiranthes cernua Species Complex (Orchidaceae): Untangling the Gordian Knot," Systematic Botany, American Society of Plant Taxonomists, Vol. 42, No. 4, December 2017, pp. 640-669(30). https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X696537

[10] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2019. Online Conservation Guide for Spiranthes vernalis. Available from: https://guides.nynhp.org/spring-ladies-tresses/. Accessed May 7, 2019.

[11] Hypoxidaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[1]

[1]

[2]

[1]

[2]

[1]

[1]

[1]

[1]

[1]

[1]