Novial/Hound Lesson 5

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Novial home - Pronunciation Guide

Contents - Lesson 1 - Lesson 2 - Lesson 3 - Lesson 4 - Lesson 5 - Lesson 6 - Lesson 7 -

Prefixes - Suffixes

Contents 1 Li Hunde de Inferne 2 Vocabulary 3 Grammar Notes 3.1 Active and Passive Participles 3.2 Conjunctions from Prepositions plus KE 3.3 The Reciprocal Pronoun MUTU 3.4 Anaphoric Adjectives 3.5 The Prefix DES- 3.6 The Adjectival Suffix -OSI 3.7 The General Suffix -ET-

[edit] Li Hunde de Inferne

Mortimer kontinua lekte:

”After ke les had voyaja tra un o du kilometres, les pasad mutone-farmere e klamad a lo ob lo had vida li chaso. Tamen li home esed tam foli pro timo ke lo apene poved parla. Ma finalim lo dikted ke ya lo had vida li hundes sekuent li desfelisi yuna. Lo dikted: ’Ma ultru me ha vida ke Hugo Baskerville pasad me sur sen nigri kavala e hintru esed tal hunde de inferne ke me prega ke lu non mey seku me.’

”Li ebri siniores kavalkad a devanu til ke li nigri kavala did veni galopant kun vakui sadle e arosat per blanki skume. Aftru les kavalkad proxim mutu, pro ke les tre timad. Kavalkant lentim ye ti manere les trovad finalim li hundes. Quankam kurajosi tipe de hunde, les ploretad timosim regardant angusti vale devan les.

”Tri ek li homes, li maxim kurajosis o forsan li maxim ebris, kavalkad en li angusti vale. Tand lu larjisad en larji spatie in kel sidad du grandi stones kel esed plasat da serteni oblivet popule de oldi tempes. Li lune lumad klarim vor li desfelisi yuna had fala, morit pro timo e fatigo. Proximu liad li kadavre de Hugo Baskerville. Apud li kadavre mordant li kole, stead sordidu: grandi, nigri bestie kun forme de hunde, ma plu grandi kam irgi hunde kel mortal home ha vida. Durant ke les regardad, lu did tonda eku li kole de Hugo Baskerville, after ke, kand lu turnad sen brulanti okules vers les, li tri homes kriad pro timo e kavalkad for, ankore kriant. On dikte ke un ek les morid ye ti sami nokte pro tu kel lo had vida e ke li du altris esed ruptet homes durant sen seteri vivos.”

[edit] Vocabulary

• after ke - after which
• aftru - after that, afterwards
• altri - other
• angusti - narrow
• apene - hardly, scarcely
• apud - near
• arosa - (to) sprinkle (with liquid), water
• bestie - beast
• blanki - white
• brula - (to) burn
• chaso - (the, a) chase, hunt
• da - by (indicates agent of an act)
• desfelisi - unhappy
• devan - in front of, ahead of, before (in space)
• devanu - ahead
• ebri - drunk, intoxicated
• en - into (instead of a in)
• fala - (to) fall
• fatigo - tiredness, fatigue
• finalim - finally
• foli - mad, crazy
• forme - form
• forsan - perhaps, maybe
• galopa - (to) gallop
• hintru - behind, behind that (him, her, it etc.
• inferne - hell
• irgi - any, no matter which
• kadavre - corpse, cadaver, dead body
• kavalka - (to) ride (on horseback)
• kilometre - kilometre
• klama - (to) shout
• klarim - clearly, brightly
• kole - neck
• kria - (to) cry out, scream
• kuraje - courage
• kurajosi - courageous, brave
• larji - wide, broad
• larjisa - (to) widen, broaden
• lentim - slowly
• lia - (to) lie, be lying down
• luma - (to) shine
• lune - moon
• manere - manner, way
• mey - may, let it be that
• morda - (to) bite
• mori - to die
• mortal - mortal
• mutone-farmere - sheep farmer
• mutu - each other, one another
• nigri - black
• nokte - night
• oblive - (to) forget
• parla - to speak
• pasa - (to) pass (by)
• per - by, with (instrument with which something is done)
• plasa - (to) place, put on a place
• ploreta - (to) whimper
• popule - people
• prega - (to) pray
• proximu - nearby, near to that
• quankam - although
• regarda - to watch, to regard, to look at attentively
• rupte - (to) break
• sadle - saddle
• sami - same
• seku - to follow
• seteri - remaining, rest of
• skume - froth, foam, scum
• sordidi - foul, disgusting, nasty, sordid
• spatie - space
• stea - (to) stand
• stone - (a) stone
• tal(i) - such (a), of that kind
• tand - then
• tamen - however, nevertheless, yet, still
• til ke - until
• timosim - fearfully
• tipe - type, kind
• tonda - (to) tear, rip, shear
• tra - through, across
• ultru - moreover, further
• vakui - empty
• vale - valley
• vivo - life
• vor - where
• voyaja - (to) travel
• ya - indeed, certainly (used to confirm a statement, in a sentence)

[edit] Grammar Notes

[edit] Active and Passive Participles

The active participle is formed by adding -nt to the simple stem if it ends in -a or -e. If the stem ends in -u or -i -ent is added to the stem:

• brula – brulant ((to) burn – burning)
• rupte – ruptent ((to) break – breaking)

• seku - sekuent ((to) follow – following)
• mori - morient ((to) die – dying)

These are pronounced with the stress on the -ant or the -ent.

The endings -i, -e -o or -a can be added to these forms with their usual meanings:

• brulanti okules – burning eyes
• amanti fema – a loving woman
• amanta – a lover (female)
• amanto – a lover (male)
• amante – a lover (male or female)

The passive participle is formed by adding -t to the simple stem.

• brula – brulat ((to) burn – burnt)
• rupte – ruptet ((to) break – broken)

• seku - sekut ((to) follow – followed)
• mori - morit ((to) die – dead)

Notice that li kaptate in the title of lesson 4 literally means the captured (person), i.e. the captive.

[edit] Conjunctions from Prepositions plus KE

Several conjunctions are formed by placing the simple conjunction ke (that) after a preposition:

• after ke – after which
• durant ke – while
• pro ke – because, on account of the fact that
• til ke – until

[edit] The Reciprocal Pronoun MUTU

The phrase one another, each other is translated with the pronoun mutu. Adding the adjectival ending -al forms the adjective mutual (mutual).

• li amantes ama mutu – the lovers love one another
• les rakonta rakontes a mutu – they tell stories to each other
• les tima mutu – they fear each other

or

• les tima mutualim – they fear each other (mutually)

[edit] Anaphoric Adjectives

As we have seen in Lesson 1 adjectives are made into corresponding nouns with the endings -e, -a, -o and -u. However, if an adjective is used alone referring to a noun just mentioned (anaphorically) it retains the -i ending and if plural an -s is added to the -i. For example:

• tri ek li homes, li maxim kurajosis o forsan li maxim ebris - three of the men, the bravest or perhaps the drunkest
• un ek les morid e li du altris esed ruptet homes - one of them died and the two others were broken men

[edit] The Prefix DES-

The prefix des- forms the direct opposite of the root word.

• felisi – desfelisi (happy – unhappy)
• honorabli – deshonorabli (honourable – dishonourable)
• espera – desespera ((to) hope – (to) despair)

[edit] The Adjectival Suffix -OSI

The suffix -osi forms adjectives which mean having or possessing, especially in great quantity.

• otie – otiosi (leisure – idle, unoccupied)
• timo – timosi (fear – fearful)
• kuraje – kurajosi (courage – courageous, brave)

[edit] The General Suffix -ET-

The suffix -et- forms diminutives:

• kastele – kastelete (castle – chateau, small castle)
• plora – ploreta (weep – whimper)
• drinka – drinketa ((to) drink – (to) sip)

It also forms terms of affection:

• patro – patreto (father – daddy)
• matra – matreta (mother – mummy)

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Novial home - Pronunciation Guide

Contents - Lesson 1 - Lesson 2 - Lesson 3 - Lesson 4 - Lesson 5 - Lesson 6 - Lesson 7

Prefixes - Suffixes