General Chemistry/Useful Equations

Current revision (unreviewed)

	General Chemistry
Book Cover · Introduction · v d e
Units: Matter · Atomic Structure · Bonding · Reactions · Solutions · Phases of Matter · Equilibria · Kinetics · Thermodynamics · The Elements
Appendices: Periodic Table · Units · Constants · Equations · Reduction Potentials · Elements and their Properties

Rauolt's Law	$P_{solution} = P_{1} \chi_{1} + P_{2} \chi_{2} + \dots$
Boiling Point Elevation	$\Delta T_{solution} = K_b \cdot m_{solute}$
Freezing Point Depression	$\Delta T_{solution} = K_f \cdot m_{solute}$
Ideal Gas Law	$P V = n R T$
Combined Gas Law	$\frac{P_1 V_1}{n_1 T_1} = \frac{P_2 V_2}{n_2 T_2}$
Titration	$M A V A = M B V B$
Dilution	$M 1 V 1 = M 2 V 2$

Symbol	Meaning
$K e q$	equilibrium constant (general)
$K p$	pressure equilibrium constant
$K c$	concentration equilibrium constant
$R$	gas law constant
$T$	temperature (in Kelvin)
$Δ n$	moles of product – moles of reactant

pH	$pH = - log[H +]$
pOH	$pOH = - log[OH -]$
(for water)	$pH + pOH = 14$
Pressure/Concentration	$K p = K c (R T) Δ n$
Equilibrium, for a reaction $a\mathrm{A} + b\mathrm{B} \rightarrow c\mathrm{C} + d\mathrm{D}$	$K_{eq} = \frac{[\mathrm{C}]^c [\mathrm{D}]^d}{[\mathrm{A}]^a [\mathrm{B}]^b}$

Density	$\frac{mass}{volume}$
Moles	$\frac{given~mass~(g)}{gram~formula~mass}$
Percent Error	$\frac{measured - accepted}{accepted} \times 100%$
Percent Composition (by mass)	$\frac{mass~of~part}{mass~of~whole} \times 100%$
Molarity	$\frac{moles~of~solute}{moles~of~solution}$

Symbol	Meaning	Symbol	Meaning
$E$	energy	$c$	speed of light
$f$	frequency	$λ$	wavelength
$Q$	charge	$r$	distance
$k e$	Coulomb's constant

Symbol	Meaning
$P$	pressure
$V$	volume
$n$	number of moles
$T$	temperature (in Kelvin)
$K f$	molal freezing point constant
$K b$	molal boiling point constant
$χ$	mole fraction
$m$	molality
$M$	molarity

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