Flora of New York/Poaceae 3
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Flora of New York — Poaceae 3 | → Poaceae 4 | |||
Table of contents |
Genus index |
Protected species index | Invasive species index | ||
From A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae
Subfamily Pooideae
[edit | edit source]Subfam. Pooideae Benth. (1861) is a large group that contains the cool-season grasses. This includes barley, oats, rye, wheat, and others.
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Tribe Brachyelytreae
[edit | edit source]Tribe Brachyelytreae Ohwi (1941) contains only the genus Brachyelytrum.[1]
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Brachyelytrum
[edit | edit source]The ranges of the two North American shorthusk species overlap in New York, and they grow closely together in some parts of the state, but not in mixed populations, nor have they been known to hybridize.[1]
According to the New York Flora Atlas, both shorthusk species grow in mesic hardwood forests. Northern shorthusk (B. aristosum) is found in cooler, more northern sites, while southern shorthusk (B. erectum) usually grows in warmer, more southern sites, and sometimes in dry-mesic or calcareous sites.
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Genus Brachyelytrum | Shorthusk | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Michx.) Trel. 1888. Brachyelytrum aristosum Trel. 1943. Brachyelytrum erectum var. septentrionale Babel 1988. B. septentrionale G.C.Tucker auct. B. erectumvar. glabratum |
Northern short-husk, Northern long-awned wood grass |
Native, Secure |
NYFA: 5 iNat |
USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
(Schreb.) P.Beauv. 1802. Muhlenbergia erecta Schreb. 1812. Brachyelytrum erectum P.Beauv. 1892. B. aristosumvar. glabratum Vasey 1964. B. erectumvar. glabratum T. Koyama & Kawano |
Bearded short-husk, Southern long-awned wood grass |
Native, Secure |
NYFA: 5 iNat |
USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
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Tribe Nardeae
[edit | edit source]Tribe Nardeae W.D.J. Koch. (1837) contains only the genus Nardus..[1]
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Nardus
[edit | edit source]Nardus stricta (matgrass) is and Old-World grass that has been found in northern New York, New England, and eastern Canada. It is also present in Oregon and Idaho, where it is listed as a noxious weed.
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Genus Nardus | Mat grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Nardus stricta L. 1941. N. glabriculmis Sakalo 1976. N. strictavar. glabriculmis |
Matgrass, Mat grass, Moor matgrass, Doormat grass, Strict matgrass, Nard grass, Wirebent Nard raide, Nard, Poil-de-bouc, Poil-de-chien |
Introduced from Europe, temperate Asia, northern Africa, Potentially invasive, Naturalized weed |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
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Tribe Meliceae
[edit | edit source]Tribe Meliceae Link ex Endl. (1830) contains Glyceria, Lycochloa, Melica, Pleuropogon, Schizachne, and Triniochloa.[1]
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Glyceria
[edit | edit source]Glyceria (manna grass or sweet grass) is treated here based on:
Glyceria sect. Hydropoa
[edit | edit source]Glyceria sect. Hydropoa (Dumort.) Dumort includes a total of about five species, of which only American manna grass in known to grow in New York State. The Eurasian G. maxima is assessed as highly invasive for the region, but there have as yet been no vouchered reports in New York. However, there is concern that some of the specimens of G. grandis might in fact be G. maxima.
An observation of Glyceria maxima made by Paul Rutledge in Wyoming County 1994 is shown in iMapInvasives.[1] |
Genus Glyceria sect. Hydropoa | Manna grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
S.Watson var. grandis 1890. Glyceria grandis S.Watson 1823. Poa aquaticavar. americana 1892. Panicularia americana (Torr.) MacMill. 1913. Panicularia grandis (S. Watson) Nash 1921. Glyceria grandisfo. grandis (i) 1934. Glyceria grandisvar. grandis (i) 1942. Glyceria maximassp. grandis 1957. Glyceria maximavar. grandis 1967. Glyceria maximavar. americana |
American manna grass
American mannagrass
American glyceria
Giant glyceria
Giant manna grass
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Native, CoC: 4, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 5 iNat |
USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
(Hartm.) Holb. 1753. Poa aquatica L.
1812. Melica aquatica (L.) Weber ex P.Beauv.
1820. Glyceria aquatica (L.) Wahlb.
1820. Molinia maxima Hartm.
1919. Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holb. |
Reed meadowgrass ⓘ
Reed mannagrass ⓘ
Reed sweetgrass ⓘ
Tall glyceria
English watergrass Glycerie aquatique
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Introduced from northern Eurasia, Highly invasive, NYIS: 80%[1], No NY reports, NYFA Excluded |
Wyoming (1994 iMap) NYFA-Excluded iNat GBIF |
USDA-XX Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies | |
Glyceria sect. Glyceria
[edit | edit source]
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Genus Glyceria sect. Glyceria | Manna grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Nash) Batchelder Panicularia borealis Nash G. borealis (Nash) Batchelder G. fluitansvar. angustata |
Northern manna grass, Small floating manna grass |
Native, CoC: 7, Secure OBL Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 5 iNat |
USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
Hitchc. (1906) var. septentrionalis Panicularia septentrionalis |
Floating manna grass | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 5 iNat |
USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
Torr. Panicularia acutiflora |
Creeping mannagrass, Sharp-glumed manna grass, Sharp-flowered manna grass, Sharp-scaled manna grass |
Native, CoC: 9, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 5 iNat |
USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
(L.) R.Br. Festuca fluitans L. Panicularia fluitans |
Water manna grass | Introduced, Naturalized, SNA, GNR OBL Perennial, Graminoid |
Bronx (1898), Chemung, Chenango (1939), Oneida, Richmond, Rockland, Westchester NYFA: X iNat |
USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
Brébiss. |
Small manna grass, Waxy mannagrass |
Introduced, Impersistent, Unk. naturalization |
NYFA: X iNat |
USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Glyceria sect. Glyceria (excluded taxa) | Manna grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Hitchc. var. arkansana (Fernald) Steyerm. & C. Kucera |
Floating manna grass | Native, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
USDA- Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
G. borealis × septentrionalis |
Hybrid of northern manna grass & floating manna grass |
Native, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
Images Wikispecies | |
Chevall. 1827. Glyceria notata Chevall. 1839. G. fluitansvar. plicata 1845. G. plicata (Fr.) Fr. |
Plicate sweet grass | Introduced from Eruasia, northern Africa, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded iNat |
Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
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Glyceria sect. Striatae
[edit | edit source]
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Genus Glyceria sect. Striatae | Manna grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Lam.) Hitchc. 1791. Poa striata Lam.
1797. Poa nervata Willd.
1830. Glyceria nervata (Willd.) Trin.
1891. Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Kuntze
1928. Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc.
1929. Glyceria striata var. stricta (Scribn.) Fernald
1933. Panicularia striata (Lam.) Hitchc.
1942. Glyceria striata ssp. stricta (Scribn.) Hultén |
Fowl manna grass, Fowl mannagrass |
Native, CoC: 6, Secure |
NYFA: 5 iNat |
USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
(Michx.) F.T.Hubbard (1912) |
Slender manna grass ⓘ
Melic mannagrass
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Native, CoC: 7, Secure |
NYFA: 5 iNat |
USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
(Michx.) Trin. Panicularia canadensis |
Rattlesnake mannagrass
Canada manna grass
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Native, CoC: 8, Secure |
NYFA: 5 iNat |
USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
(Muhl.) Trin. 1817. Poa obtusa Muhl. 1830. Glyceria obtusa (Muhl.) Trin. 1891. Panicularia obtusa (Muhl.) Kuntze |
Atlantic mannagrass, Blunt manna grass |
Native, CoC: 10, Vulnerable |
NYFA: 3? iNat |
USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
(Scribn.) Scribn. G. canadensisvar. laxa Glyceria × ottawensis Panicularia laxa Scribn. |
Limp manna grass, Northern manna grass |
Native, CoC: 10, Endangered |
NYFA: 1? |
USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Glyceria sect. Striatae (excluded taxa) | Manna grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Glyceria melicaria × Glyceria striata Glyceria × gatineauensis |
Hybrid of slender manna grass & fowl manna grass |
Native, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
Images Wikispecies | |
Glyceria canadensis × Glyceria striata Glyceria × ottawensis |
Hybrid of slender manna grass & Canada manna grass |
Native, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
Images Wikispecies | |
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Melica
[edit | edit source]
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Genus Melica (excluded taxa) | Melic grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. |
Siberian melicgrass | Introduced, N.Y. excluded, Waif |
excluded NYFA-Excluded iNat |
USDA-XW Images Wikispecies | |
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Schizachne
[edit | edit source]False melic (Schizachne purpurascens)
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Genus Schizachne | False melic | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Torr.) Swallen 1823. Trisetum purpurascens Torr.
1803. Avena striata Michx. illeg. hom.
1906. Melica striata Hitchc.
1908. Melica purpurascens (Torr.) Hitchc.
1913. Avena torreyi Nash
1928. S. purpurascens (Torr.) Swallen
1936. S. striata (Hitchc.) Hultén |
False melic, False melic grass, Purple oat |
Native, Secure |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
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Tribe Stipeae
[edit | edit source]Tribe Stipeae Dumort. (1824) contains Achnatherum, Aciachne, Amelichloa, Anatherostipa, Anemanthele, Austrostipa, Celtica, Eriocoma, Hesperostipa, Jarava, Lorenzochloa, Macrochloa, Nassella, Oloptum, Ortachne, Orthoraphium, Oryzopsis, Pappostipa, Patis, Piptochaetium, Piptatheropsis, Piptatherum, Psammochloa, Ptilagrostis, Stipa, Stipellula, Timouria, and Trikeraia.[1] Many of the New York grasses in the tribe Stipeae are referred to in general as rice grasses.
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Oryzopsis
[edit | edit source]The name Oryzopsis reflects a similarity to the genus Oryza (rice). Spreading whitegrass, roughleaf ricegrass, or white-grained mountain rice grass is common in shaded habitats of New York.
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Genus Oryzopsis | Rice grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Michx. |
Spreading white grass ⓘ
Roughleaf ricegrass
White-grained mountain-ricegrass
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Native, Secure |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
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Patis
[edit | edit source]Genus Patis | Rice grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Sm.) Romasch., P.M.Peterson & R.J.Soreng 1813. Milium racemosum Sm.
1817. Oryzopsis melanocarpa Muhl.
1829. Piptatherum racemosum (Sm.) Eaton
1906. Oryzopsis racemosa in…
2011. Patis racemosa (Sm.) Romasch., in… |
Black-fruited rice grass, Blackseed ricegrass, Black-fruited mountain-ricegrass |
Native, Secure |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
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Piptatheropsis
[edit | edit source]Genus Piptatheropsis Romasch., P.M.Peterson & Soreng |
Rice grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Torr.) Romasch., P.M.Peterson & R.J.Soreng 1821. Milium pungens in…
1908. Oryzopsis pungens in…
2001. Piptatherum pungens in…
2011. Piptatheropsis pungens in… |
Mountain ricegrass, Short-awned mountain-rice grass |
Native, Likely secure |
NYFA: 4 |
USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
(Poir.) Romasch., P.M.Peterson & R.J.Soreng 1806. Stipa canadensis Poir.
1835. Urachne canadensis (Poir.) Torr.
1843. Oryzopsis canadensis (Poir.) Torr.
1888. Oryzopsis juncea in…
2001. Piptatherum canadense (Poir.) Dorn
2011. Piptatheropsis canadensis (Poir.) in… |
Canada ricegrass, Canada mountain-ricegrass |
Native, Endangered |
NYFA: 2 |
USDA-NN Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
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Piptochaetium
[edit | edit source]Genus Piptochaetium | Spear grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Parodi (1944) Stipa avenacea L |
Black-seeded spear grass ⓘ
Blackseed speargrass
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Native, Vulnerable |
NYFA: 3? |
USDA-NN Images Wikispecies | |
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Hesperostipa
[edit | edit source]Needle-and-thread grass is native to western North America and has not been found to naturalize in New York State. It was collected from Cobb's Hill Reservoir in Rochester 1914 but has not persisted there. See Plants of Monroe County.
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Genus Hesperostipa | Needle and thread | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth ssp. comata1842. Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr. in Sp. Gram. Stipac.:75 |
Needle-and-thread
Needle-and-thread grass
Needlegrass
Speargrass
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Introduced from western N. America, N. America native, Impersistent, SNA, G5, Graminoid, Heliophily: 9 |
NYFA: Monroe 1914 |
USDA-NN POWO FSUS VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
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Nassella
[edit | edit source]Genus Nassella | Tussock grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Trin.) Barkworth Stipa viridula Trin. |
Green needlegrass | Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent |
NYFA: Xm |
USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
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Tribe Diarrheneae
[edit | edit source]Tribe Diarrheneae C.S. Campb. (1985) contains Diarrhena and Neomolinia.[1]
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Diarrhena
[edit | edit source]Genus Diarrhena | Beak grain | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Gleason) Brandenburg (1991) Diarrhena americana var. obovata |
Western beakgrain ⓘ
Beak grass
Obovate beakgrain ⓘ
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Native, Endangered |
NYFA: 2 |
USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
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Tribe Brachypodieae
[edit | edit source]Tribe Brachypodieae Harz (1880) consists of the single genus Brachypodium (syn. Trachynia),[1] which has no known species that are native to the western hemisphere.
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Brachypodium
[edit | edit source]Brachypodium, commonly known as false brome contains the invasive slender false brome (B. sylvaticum), which has a number of dense populations in New York and according to iMapInvasives is present in at least 11 counties.[1]
Purple false brome (B. distachyon) has not been reported in New York, but in listed in iMap as Highly invasive with an NYS Tier of 1b, as it is present in New Jersey. Heath false brome (B. pinnatum) has not been reported in New York, but may be of concern because it has been reported in western Massachusetts. |
Genus Brachypodium P.Beauv. | False brome | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Huds.) P.Beauv. ssp. sylvaticum 1762. Festuca sylvatica Huds. 1776. Bromus sylvaticus Moench 1777. Triticum sylvaticum Pollich 1812. Bra. sylvaticum P.Beauv. 1827. Agropyron sylvaticum Chevall. |
Slender false brome ⓘ
Brachypode des bois, Brachypode des forêts |
Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 87%[2], Prohibited[3], NYS Tier 3, SNA, GNR |
NYFA: 2 counties iMap: 11 counties NYFA: X |
USDA-X0 VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Brachypodium (excluded taxa) | False brome | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) P. Beauv. Brachypodium distachyon |
Purple false brome
Stiff brome
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Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Highly invasive, NYS Tier 1b |
No counties NYFA: 0 |
USDA-XX BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
(L.) P.Beauv. 1753. Bromus pinnatus L. 1812. Bra. pinnatum P.Beauv. |
Heath false brome, Chalk false brome, Japanese false bromegrass |
Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, No NY reports |
No counties NYFA: 0 |
USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Tribe Bromeae
[edit | edit source]Bromus
[edit | edit source]The genus Bromus is here divided by sections according to the treatment by Leon E. Pavlick and Laurel K. Anderton.
Bromus sect. Bromus
[edit | edit source]Catalogue of New World Grasses
Genus Bromus sect. Bromus | Brome | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. Forasaccus arvensis (L.) Bubani Serrafalcus arvensis (L.) Godr. B. erectusvar. arvensis (L.) Huds. B. anatolicus Boiss. & Heldr. |
Field brome | Introduced Annual, Graminoid |
NYFA-X |
NRCS-XX ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
Fisch. & C.A.Mey. B. brizaeformis (i) |
{Rattlesnake brome, Rattlesnake chess |
Introduced from temperate Asia, Impersistent Annual, Graminoid |
NYFA-X |
NRCS-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
Schrad. 1806 B. racemosusssp. commutatus B. commutatusvar. apricorum B. hordaceusvar. commutatus |
Hairy brome, Hairy chess, Meadow brome |
Introduced, Weed Annual, Graminoid |
NYFA-X |
NRCS-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
L. ssp. hordeaceus Bromus mollis L. |
Soft brome, Soft chess |
Introduced Annual, Graminoid |
NYFA-X |
NRCS-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
L. ssp. pseudothominei (P.M.Sm.) H.Scholz |
Lesser soft brome | Introduced Annual, Graminoid |
NYFA-X |
NRCS-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
L. ssp. thominei (Hardouin) Braun-Blanq. 1833. Bromus thominei Hardouin 1907. B. hordeaceusvar. thominei 1923. B. hordeaceusssp. thominei |
Sand soft brome Brome des dunes, Brome des Thomine-Desmazures |
Introduced, No specimens |
NYFA-D |
NRCS-XX Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies | |
Thunb. ex Murray 1784 B. arvensisvar. japonicus B. japonicusvar. porrectus B. patulus Mert. & W.D.J.Koch |
Japanese brome, Japanese chess, Japanese bromegrass, Thunberg's brome |
Introduced, Weed |
NYFA-X |
NRCS-XX ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
Mediterranean brome | Introduced | NYFA-X |
NRCS-XX Images Wikispecies | ||
Slender soft brome | Introduced | NYFA-X |
Images Wikispecies | ||
L. B. arvensisvar. racemosus B. hordeaceusvar. racemosus B. squarrosusvar. racemosus |
Bald brome, Smooth brome, Spiked brome-grass |
Introduced, Naturalized Annual, Graminoid |
NYFA-Xn |
NRCS-XX ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
Broom brome | Introduced | NYFA-X |
NRCS-XX Images Wikispecies | ||
Rye brome | Introduced | NYFA-X |
NRCS-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
var. squarrosus |
Corn brome | Introduced | NYFA-X |
NRCS-XX Images Wikispecies | |
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Bromus sect. Bromopsis
[edit | edit source]Bromus sect. Bromopsis Dumort has also gone by the name Bromus sect. Pnigma Dumort.
Bromus inermis (smooth brome) is listed as a Tier-4 invasive plant in the Finger Lakes PRISM, though it hasn't been assessed at the state level. |
Genus Bromus sect. Bromopsis | Brome | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Fringed brome | Native, Secure |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
(Shear) Hitchc. Bromus altissimus Pursh |
Canada brome, Earlyleaf brome |
Native, Secure |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
Hairy wood brome grass, Hairy woodland brome |
Native, Secure |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
Arctic brome, Kalm's brome, Wild chess |
Native, Likely secure |
NYFA: 4 |
USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
Satin brome, Virginia brome |
Native, CoC: 7, Very vulnerable, S1-2, G4-5 FACU Perennial, Graminoid |
Erie (1927-28), Tompkins (1914-2004), Washington (1913-15) NYFA: 1-2 iNat |
USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
Meadow brome | Introduced | NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
Leyss. Bromus inermis Leyss.
Bromus inermis ssp. aristatus Schur
Bromus inermis ssp. divaricatus Rohlena
Bromus inermis ssp. villosus (Mert. & Koch) Beck
Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub |
Smooth brome | Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive, FL Tier 4[1], CP-W,[2] NE-M[3], ISSG-GISD[4], SNA, G5 UPL Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: X iNat |
USDA-MM Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Bromus sect. Bromopsis (excluded taxa) | Brome | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Hairy brome | Introduced, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-X0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
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Bromus sect. Ceratochloa
[edit | edit source]Bromus sect. Ceratochloa is native to North and South America, and contains about 25 species, including: B. aleutensis, B. arizonicus, B. carinatus, B. maritimus, B. polyanthus, and B. sitchensis.[1]
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Genus Bromus sect. Ceratochloa | Brome | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Hook. & Arn. var. carinatus 1816. Bromus pendulinus Sessé ex Lag.
1840. Bromus carinatus Hook. & Arn.
1874. Bromus hookerianus Thurb.
1896. Bromus laciniatus Beal |
California brome | Introduced from western North America, N. America native, Not naturalized |
Bronx (2017) NYFA: X |
USDA-MM ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Bromus sect. Ceratochloa (excluded taxa) | Brome | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
var. marginatus |
Large mountain brome | Introduced, N.Y. excluded |
excluded NYFA-Excluded |
Images Wikispecies | |
var. catharticus |
Rescuegrass | Introduced, N.Y. excluded |
excluded NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-XX Images Wikispecies | |
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Bromus sect. Genea
[edit | edit source]Bromus sect. Genea Dumort. in New York State consists primarily of the moderately invasive Bromus tectorum (cheat grass, downy brome, or downy chess). Other species of this section also present in the state are Bromus diandrus (ripgut brome), B. rubens (red brome), and B. sterilis (poverty brome). All grasses in this section are native to Europe and northern Africa[1]
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Genus Bromus sect. Genea | Brome | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. Bromus tectorum L.
Bromus tectorum var. glabratus Spenn. |
Cheatgrass ⓘ
Downy brome ⓘ
Downy chess ⓘ |
Introduced from Europe, northern Africa, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 50%[1], ISSG-GISD[2], SNA, GNR Annual, Graminoid |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Images Wikispecies | |
Barren brome ⓘ
Poverty brome ⓘ
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Introduced from Europe, northern Africa, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: [1], Naturalized Annual, Graminoid |
NYFA: 11 counties NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Images Wikispecies | ||
Ripgut brome | Introduced from Europe, northern Africa, Unknown naturalization, SNA Annual, Graminoid |
Suffolk (1946) NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Images Wikispecies | ||
Foxtail brome ⓘ
Foxtail chess ⓘ
Red brome
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Introduced from Europe, northern Africa, Not naturalized, Impersistent, SNA UPL Annual, Graminoid |
Tompkins (1932) NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Images Wikispecies | ||
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Tribe Triticeae
[edit | edit source]
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Subtribe Hordeinae
[edit | edit source]Subribe Hordeinae Dumort. (1829) contains Agropyron, Anthosachne, Australopyrum, Connorochloa, Crithopsis, Douglasdewya, Elymus, Eremopyrum, Festucopsis, Henrardia, Heteranthelium, Hordelymus, Hordeum, Kengyilia, Leymus, Pascopyrum, Peridictyon, Psathyrostachys, Pseudoroegneria, Secale, Stenostachys, and Taeniatherum.[1] Genera in bold text have been found in New York.
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Agropyron
[edit | edit source]Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass) is common and considered invasive in the west but is uncommon in New York State. The New York Flora Atlas shows that it was collected from five counties during the 1940s and '50s. It also infers that North American Agropyron cristatum has likely introgressed with Agropyron desertorum (desert wheatgrass) to a degree that makes them indistinguishable.
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Genus Agropyron | Wheat grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Gaertn. 1770. Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.
1824. Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult. auct.
1956. Agropyron cristatiforme P.K.Sarkar
1970. Agropyron cristatum ssp. pectinatum (M.Bieb.) Tzvelev |
Crested wheatgrass | Introduced | NYFA: X NYFA: 5 counties No observations |
USDA-XX Images Wikispecies | |
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Elymus
[edit | edit source]Elymus virginicus/hystrix complex
[edit | edit source]Genus Elymus L. | Wild rye | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. var. virginicus 1753. Elymus virginicus L. 1797. E. striatus Willd. 1898. E. hirsutiglumis Scribn. 1908. E. virginicusvar. hirsutiglumis 1909. E. jejunus (Ramaley) Rydb. 1926. E. virginicusvar. jejunus 1933. E. virginicusvar. typicus (i) |
Virginia wildrye, Virginia wild rye, Common eastern wildrye, Terrell grass Élyme de Virginie |
Native, CoC: 6, Secure Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS NWG Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
L. var. halophilus (E.P. Bicknell) Wiegand 1908. E. halophilus E.P.Bicknell 1918. E. virginicusvar. halophilus 1932. Terrellia halophila (E.P. Bicknell) Nevski 1933. E. virginicusfo. lasiolepis |
Saltmarsh wildrye, Terrell grass Élyme halophile |
Native, CoC: 8, Vulnerable Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 3? |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
L. var. intermedius (Vasey ex S.Watson & J.M.Coult.) Bush 1890. E. canadensisvar. intermedius 1926. E. virginicusvar. intermedius |
Hairy Virginia wild-rye, Intermediate wildrye Élyme intermédiaire |
Native, CoC: 6, Unranked Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: U |
Go Botany VASCAN Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
L. var. jejunus (Ramaley) Bush 1909. Elymus jejunus (Ramaley) Rydb. 1926. E. virginicusvar. jejunus Bush |
Exserted Virginia wild-rye, Western wildrye Élyme maigre |
Native, CoC: 6, Unranked Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: U |
Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
L. var. hystrix 1753. Elymus hystrix L. 1794. Hystrix patula Moench 1819. Asperella echidnea Raf. (i) 1892. Hystrix hystrix (L.) Millsp. (i) |
Eastern bottle-brush grass Élyme |
Native, CoC: 6, Secure Perennial, Graminoid, Part shade |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
L. var. bigelovianus (Fernald) Bowden 1922. Asperella hystrixvar. bigeloviana 1929. Hystrix patulavar. bigeloviana 1964. E. hystrixvar. bigeloviana 1972. E. hystrixvar. bigelovianus (i) |
Bigelow’s bottlebrush grass ⓘ
Eastern bottlebrush grass ⓘ Élyme étalé, Hystrix étalé, Gymnostique hérisson |
Native, CoC: 5, Likely secure Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 4 |
USDA-N0 Go Botany NWG Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
G.C.Tucker Elymus hystrix × Elymus virginicus var. virginicus |
Ebinger's wild-rye Élyme |
Native, Likely secure Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 4? |
USDA-NN VASCAN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
(Vasey ex L.H.Dewey) Scribn. & C.R.Ball 1894. E. canadensisvar. glabriflorus 1896. E. virginicusvar. glaucus 1901. E. glabriflorus (Vasey ex L.H.Dewey) Scribn. & C.R.Ball 1918. E. australisvar. glabriflorus 1926. E. virginicusvar. glabriflorus |
Hairy southeastern wildrye, Southeastern wildrye Élyme |
Native, CoC: 10, Unranked Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: N |
USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
R.Brooks & J.J.N.Campb. 2000. Elymus macgregorii R.Brooks & J.J.N.Campb. auct. E. striatus (i) auct. E. virginicus (i) auct. E. glabriflorus (i) |
Early wildrye, MacGregor's wild rye, Wheatgrass Élyme de MacGregor |
Native, CoC: 6, Endangered, Note[1] Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 1? |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
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Elymus canadensis complex
[edit | edit source]Genus Elymus L. | Wild rye | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. var. canadensis 1753. Elymus canadensis L. p.p. 1759. E. philadelphicus L. p.p. 1809. E. glaucifolius Willd. 1824. E. canadensisvar. glaucifolius |
Canada wildrye, Great Plains wildrye, Nodding wildrye Èlyme du Canada |
Native, CoC: 6, Secure Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
Wiegand 1895. E. salina M.E. Jones 1918. E. riparius Wiegand 1967. E. canadensisvar. riparius |
River wild-rye, Riverbank wildrye, Eastern riverbank wildrye Élyme des rivages |
Native, CoC: 6, Secure Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
(Link) Gould ssp. glaucus (Pease & A.H.Moore) Cody 1910. Agropyron caninumfo. glaucum 1932. A. trachycaulumvar. glaucum 1994. Elymus trachycaulusssp. glaucus |
Slender wheatgrass Élyme |
Native, CoC: 8, Secure Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
(Link) Gould ex Shinners ssp. trachycaulus 1900. Agropyron novae-angliae Scribn. 1947. E. pauciflorus (Schwein.) Gould non Lam. 1791 1954. E. trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners p.p. 1977. E. novae-angliae (Scribn.) Tzvelev |
Slender wheatgrass Élyme |
Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 4 |
USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
Muhl. ex Willd. var. villosus 1809. Elymus villosus Muhl. ex Willd. 1854. Elymus propinquus Fresen. ex Steud. 1954. Elymus canadensisvar. villosus (i) |
Downy wild-rye, Hairy wildrye Élyme |
Native, CoC: 6, Secure Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
Muhl. ex Willd. var. arkansanus (Scribn. & C.R.Ball) J.J.N.Campb. 1901. Elymus arkansanus Scribn. & C.R. Ball 1906. E. striatusvar. arkansanus 1995. E. villosusvar. arkansanus |
Arkansas wild-rye, Hairy wildrye Élyme |
Native, CoC: 10, Unranked Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: U |
USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS NWG Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
Fernald 1933. Elymus wiegandii Fernald 1980. E. canadensisssp. wiegandii 1964. E. canadensisvar. wiegandii |
Wiegand's wild rye, Wiegand's wildrye, Northern riverbank wild rye Élyme de Wiegand |
Native, CoC: 6, Likely secure FAC Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 4 |
USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
(L.) Gould Agropyron repens Elytrigia repens |
Quack grass, Couch grass, Quick grass, Quitch Élyme |
Introduced, Widespread weed, NISIC Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
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Elymus excluded taxa
[edit | edit source]Genus Elymus L. (excluded taxa) | Wild rye | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Elymus riparius × Elymus villosus |
Hybrid of river wild-rye & hairy wild-rye |
N. America native, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
Images Wikispecies | |
L. var. robustus (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Mack. & Bush 1897. Elymus robustus Scribn. & J.G.Sm. 1902. E. canadensisvar. robustus 1926. E. glaucifoliusvar. robustus 1927. E. philadelphicusvar. robustus |
N. America native, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-NN Tropicos Images Wikispecies | ||
(Hornem.) Feilberg 1832. Triticum violaceum Hornem. 1880. Agropyron violaceum (Hornem.) Lange 1984. E. violaceus (Hornem.) Feilberg |
N. America native, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies | ||
(L.) L. 1753. Triticum caninum L. 1755. E. caninus (L.) L. 1934. Roegneria canina (L.) Nevski |
Bearded couch, Bearded wheatgrass, Fibrous wheatgrass |
N. America native, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
Buckley ssp. glaucus 1862. E. glaucus Buckley 1881. E. glaucusvar. glaucus 1901. E. glaucusvar. jepsonii 1947. E. glaucusssp. jepsonii 1902. E. parishii Burtt Davy & Merr. |
Blue wild-rye, Common western wild-rye, Smooth wild-rye Élyme glauque |
N. America native, N.Y. excluded, Note[1] Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Piper 1840. E. virginicusvar. submuticus 1903. E. curvatus Piper |
Awnless wild-rye | N. America native, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
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Eremopyrum
[edit | edit source]Genus Eremopyrum | False wheatgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
1827. Agropyron squarrosum Link
1851. Eremopyrum squarrosum (Roth) Jaub. & Spach
1894. A. bonaepartis (Spreng.) T. Durand & Schinz
1933. E. bonaepartis (Spreng.) Nevski |
Taper-tipped wheatgrass ⓘ
Tapertip false wheatgrass ⓘ
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Introduced from Asia, northern Africa, Impersistent, Not naturalized |
NYFA: Xm |
USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
(L.) Jaub. & Spach |
Oriental false wheatgrass | Introduced | NYFA: Xm NYFA: Westchester (1894-95) xx counties |
Images Wikispecies | |
(Gaertn.) Nevski |
Annual wheatgrass | Introduced | NYFA: NYFA: Westchester (1895) xx counties |
Images Wikispecies | |
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Hordeum
[edit | edit source]Barley (genus Hordeum) includes species both native and introduced to North America, but none are considered to be native to New York State.
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Genus Hordeum | Barley | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. ssp. jubatum1753. Hordeum jubatum L. in Sp. Pl.:85 |
Foxtail barley Squirreltail barley |
Introduced from western N. America, Asia, N. America native, Naturalized, SNA, G5 FAC Perennial, Graminoid, Heliophily: 9, 2n = 28 |
NYFA: 35 counties iNat: 22 counties GBIF: present in NY |
USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Nutt. |
Little barley | Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent |
NYFA: X |
USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
Cultivated barley ⓘ
Common barley
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Introduced, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: [2], GRIIS-US: invasive (D2), Not naturalized, SNA, GNR Annual, Graminoid |
NYFA: X NYFA: 18 counties GBIF New York county |
USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
L. ssp. leporinum (Link) Arcang.1834. Hordeum leporinum Link.
1882. Hordeum leporinum ssp. leporinum (Link) Arcang.
1890. Hordeum leporinum var. leporinum (Link) K.Richt.
1980. Critesion murinum ssp. leporinum (Link) Á.Löve |
Hare barley, Leporinum barley |
Introduced, Potentially invasive, iMapInvasives, Invasive.org: [3], Naturalized |
NYFA: X NYFA: 4 counties 5 counties |
USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
Huds. ssp. gussoneanum (Parl.) Thell. Hordeum hystrix Roth |
Mediterranean barley ⓘ |
Introduced, Not naturalized |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Hordeum (excluded taxa) | Barley | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
ssp. brachyantherum |
Meadow barley | N. America native, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
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Leymus
[edit | edit source]Genus Leymus Hochst. | Wild rye | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Hochst. |
Wild rye | Introduced, Naturalized |
NYFA: Xn |
USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Leymus Hochst. (excluded taxa) | Wild rye | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
American dune grass | N. America native, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | ||
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Pascopyrum
[edit | edit source]Genus Pascopyrum | Wheat grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Barkworth & D.R.Dewey (1985) |
Western wheatgrass | Introduced, N. America native, Imperisistent |
NYFA: Xm |
USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
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Secale
[edit | edit source]Rye (Secale cereale) is commonly planted as a grain, forage, or cover crop, but is not listed as naturalizing in New York State.[1] Feral rye is known to contaminate wheat crops and become established in open rangeland, waste places, and roadsides if it escapes cultivation elsewhere in North America.[2]
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Genus Secale | Rye | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Secale cereale L.
1753. Secale cereale var. hybernum L.
1753. Secale cereale var. vernum L.
1796. Triticum cereale (L.) Salisb.
1933. Triticum secale Link
1933. Secale turkestanicum Bensin |
Rye ⓘ
Cereal rye
Cultivated rye
Cultivated annual rye
Common rye Seigle cultivé
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Introduced from southwest Asia, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: [4], GRIIS-US: Invasive, Not naturalized, SNA Annual, Graminoid |
NYFA: X NYFA: 28 counties iNat GBIF 2 counties |
USDA-XW Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
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Taeniatherum
[edit | edit source]Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) is a winter annual grass, native to Eurasia, that has infested western grasslands.[1] It is not known to naturalize in New York State but was collected in Westchester County in 1898, from "about the Yonkers Wool Mill."[2]
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Genus Taeniatherum | Taeniatherum | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Nevski ssp. caput-medusae 1753. Elymus caput-medusae L.
auct.. Taeniatherum asperum non Nevski
1988. Taeniatherum crinitum var. caput-medusae (L.) Wipff
1933. Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski |
Medusahead, Rye-weed, Medusahead rye |
Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive, GRIIS-US: Invasive, Not naturalized, SNA Winter annual, Graminoid |
NYFA: Xm NYFA: Westchester (1898) GBIF no NY observations |
USDA-X0 Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies | |
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Subtribe Triticinae
[edit | edit source]Aegilops
[edit | edit source]Genus Aegilops | Goat grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Host A. cylindricavar. rubiginosa auct. A. tauschii non Coss. Cylindropyrum cylindricum Triticum cylindricum |
Jointed goatgrass, Jointgrass |
Introduced, Naturalized |
NYFA: X NYFA: 5 counties iNat no observations |
USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies | |
Boiss. |
Persian goatgrass | Introduced, Not naturalized, Waif around wool mill |
NYFA: X |
USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies | |
Ovate goatgrass | Introduced, Impersistent |
NYFA: Xm |
USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies | ||
Coss. 1850. Aegilops tauschii Coss. |
Tausch's goatgrass, Rough-spiked hardgrass |
Introduced, Impersistent |
NYFA: Xm |
USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies | |
Barbed goatgrass | Introduced, Impersistent |
NYFA: Xm |
USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies | ||
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Triticum
[edit | edit source]Genus Triticum | Wheat | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Cultivated wheat | Introduced | NYFA: Xm |
USDA-Xw Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
Genus Triticum (excluded taxa) | Wheat | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. (1753) T. dicoccum Schrank |
Pouland wheat, Rivet wheat |
Introduced, N.Y. excluded |
Images Wikispecies | ||
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Thinopyrum
[edit | edit source]Genus Thinopyrum | Wheat grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Host) Barkworth & D.R.Dewey (1985) ssp. barbulatum |
Intermediate wheatgrass | Introduced, Impersistent |
NYFA: Xm |
USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
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