Ruby By Examples
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The book is broken down into sections. Each section deals with a Ruby language theme, giving examples, from basic to advanced. A full list of Ruby methods can be found here.
Basics
[edit | edit source]Strings
[edit | edit source]Example-001: String Length
puts 'That is an object'.size # => prints 17
Example-002: Reversing
puts 'This is not a palindrome'.reverse # => prints 'emordnilap a ton si sihT'
Example-003: Single substitution
puts 'a banana'.sub('a', '*') # => prints '* banana'
Example-004: Global substitution
puts 'a banana'.gsub('a', '*') # => prints '* b*n*n*'
Numbers
[edit | edit source]Example-001: Use the times method to run code over and over
5.times do
puts 'Loop' # => prints 'LoopLoopLoopLoopLoop'
end
Example-002: Calculating absolute value
puts -10.abs # => prints 10
Arrays
[edit | edit source]Example-001
arr = [['0','0','0'],['0','$','0'],['0','0','0']]
puts arr[1][1]
Example-002
a = [1, 2, 3, 4].shuffle
a.each {|e| puts e}
Example-003
a = %w|this is a string array|
puts a.join(' ')
Example-004
a = (0..10).to_a
a.map! {|x| x**2}
a.each {|e| puts e} # 0, 1, 4, 9, 16...
Example-005
items = ['random', 3, Math::PI, 'items']
puts items.index(3) # 1
puts items.include?(Math::E) # false
Hashes
[edit | edit source]books = {'978-0140449266' => 'The Count of Monte Cristo',
'978-0140439243' => 'The Man in the Iron Mask'
}
puts books['978-0140439243']
# The output is 'The Man In The Iron Mask'
more_books = {}
more_books['978-1593081485'] = 'The Three Musketeers'
Operators
[edit | edit source]:: (Scope Operator)
[edit | edit source]Example-001
MR_COUNT = 0 # constant defined on main Object class
module Foo
MR_COUNT = 0
::MR_COUNT = 1 # set global count to 1
MR_COUNT = 2 # set local count to 2
end
puts MR_COUNT # this is the global constant
puts Foo::MR_COUNT # this is the local "Foo" constant
Example-002
CONST = ' out there'
class Inside_one
CONST = proc {' in there'}
def where_is_my_CONST
::CONST + ' inside one'
end
end
class Inside_two
CONST = ' inside two'
def where_is_my_CONST
CONST
end
end
puts Inside_one.new.where_is_my_CONST # out there inside one
puts Inside_two.new.where_is_my_CONST # inside two
puts Object::CONST + Inside_two::CONST # out there inside two
puts Inside_two::CONST + CONST # inside two out there
puts Inside_one::CONST # #<Proc:0xedfa98(irb):3> , reference to the procedure
puts Inside_one::CONST.call + Inside_two::CONST # in there inside two
[ ]
[edit | edit source]Example-001
a = [1, 2, 3, 4] # array creation
puts a[0] # array indexing
puts a[-1] # same as a[a.length-1]
Example-002
s = 'a meaningless string'
puts s[10] # prints 'e'
Example-003
p = proc {|arg| puts 'You called me with ' + arg.to_s}
p['a string arg'] # same as proc.call
**
[edit | edit source]+ - ! ~
[edit | edit source]* / %
[edit | edit source]<< >>
[edit | edit source]&
[edit | edit source]| ^
[edit | edit source]> >= < <=
[edit | edit source]<=> == === != =~
[edit | edit source]&&
[edit | edit source].. ...
[edit | edit source]= ( += -= )
[edit | edit source]not
[edit | edit source]and or
[edit | edit source]Intermediate
[edit | edit source]Modules and Procedures
[edit | edit source]Classes a
[edit | edit source]Names, Variables, Constants and Symbols
[edit | edit source]Advanced
[edit | edit source]Active record
[edit | edit source]Sockets
[edit | edit source]Example-001
# daytimeserver.rb
puts'========================================='
require 'socket'
puts'== daytime server =='
# Open a socket to a local daytime server, read, and print.
print TCPSocket.open('129.6.15.28', 'daytime').read
puts'========================================='
Example-002
# socketmethods.rb
require 'socket'
mySocket = TCPSocket.new( 'www.wikibook.com', 80 )
puts'==================================='
# Returns information on this connection's peer socket as a struct
# sockaddr packed into a string.
strinfo = mySocket.getpeername
puts 'strinfo: '+strinfo
# Returns true if query returns numeric address not host name.
puts BasicSocket::do_not_reverse_lookup
puts'==================================='
# Returns information on s as a struct sockaddr packed into a string.
strinfo = mySocket.getsockname
puts 'strinfo: '+strinfo
puts'==================================='
# Gets the specified socket option.
optval = mySocket.getsockopt(Socket::SOL_SOCKET,Socket::SO_REUSEADDR)
puts 'optval: '+optval.inspect
optval = optval.unpack "i"
puts 'optval: '+optval.inspect
optval = mySocket.getsockopt(Socket::SOL_SOCKET, Socket::SO_LINGER)
puts 'optval: '+optval.inspect
optval = optval.unpack "ii"
puts 'optval: '+optval.inspect
# Sets reverse_lookup status
BasicSocket::do_not_reverse_lookup=true
# Sets the specified socket option.
mySocket.setsockopt(Socket::SOL_SOCKET,Socket::SO_REUSEADDR, true)
optval = mySocket.getsockopt(Socket::SOL_SOCKET,Socket::SO_REUSEADDR)
puts 'optval: '+optval.inspect
optval = optval.unpack "i"
puts 'optval: '+optval.inspect
puts'==================================='
#
mySocket.shutdown(2) # 0 shuts down receiving, 1 sending, and 2 both.
puts 'mySocket: '+mySocket.inspect
puts'==================================='
# Returns true if query returns numeric address not host name.
puts BasicSocket::do_not_reverse_lookup
puts'==================================='