Lombard/Moods and tenses/Use of tenses
| Description of use | Tense in English | Tense in Lombard |
|---|---|---|
| Actions done often (with adverbs of frequency) | Present simple | Present |
| Facts and conditions that do not change | Present simple | Present |
| Future planned | Continuous present | Future (in colloquial form also Present simple) |
| Actions that repeat continuously (with adverbs of frequency) | Continuous present | Continuous present |
| Past actions not yet finished | Present perfect | Past [1] |
| Past actions with effects still present | Present perfect | Past [1] |
| Action just finished | Present perfect | Past [1] |
| Actions carried out in the past for a continuous time and not yet completed | Present perfect continuos | Past [1] |
| Actions carried out in the past for a continuous time and not yet completed with emphasis on the commitment and duration to carry out the action |
Present perfect continuos | Past [1] or Past continuos[2] |
| Action just finished with effects still present | Present perfect continuos | Past [1] |
| Actions past forever | Past simple | Past [1] |
| Actions passed forever, with emphasis on the commitment to carry them out and their duration | Past simple | Past [1] or Past continuous [2] |
| Description of a context in which another action takes place in the past tense | Past continuos | Imperfect or Past continuous [2] (to highlight the duration of the action) |
| Action that started in the past before another past action | Past perfect | Past perfect |
| Actions carried out in the past for a continuous time and not yet concluded in the past moment we are talking about | Past perfect continuous | Past perfect |
| Actions carried out in the past for a continuous time and not yet completed in the past moment we are talking about with emphasis on the commitment and duration to carry out the action |
Past perfect continuous | Past perfect or Past perfect continuos[3] |
| Actions just finished in the past moment being talked about with effects still present at that moment | Past perfect continuous | Past perfect |
| Decision for the future | Future simple | Future simple (in colloquial form also Present simple) |
| Prediction for the future | Future simple | Future simple (in colloquial form also Present simple) |
| Intention or plan for the future or premeditated decision | Future “to be going to” | Future simple |
| Future action that develops over time in the future moment being spoken about | Future continuous | Future simple |
| Future action that will develop over time, with emphasis on the commitment to carry it out and its duration | Future continuous | Future continuous |
| Action that will be finished at the future moment of speaking | Future continuous | Future continuous |