Flora of New York/Amaryllidaceae & Asparagaceae

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Asparagales (2)
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Superorder Order Family Subfamily Tribe Genus Common names #
Lilianae
(E)
lilioid
monocots 		Asparagales Orchidaceae Vanilloideae Pogonieae Pogonia snakemouth orchid 3
Isotria fiveleaf orchid 3
Cypripedioideae — Cypripedium lady's slipper 7
Epidendroideae Neottieae Epipactis helleborine 2
Neottia twayblade 4
Triphoreae Triphora noddingcaps 1
Arethuseae Arethusa dragon's mouth 2
Malaxideae Liparis widelip-orchid 2
Malaxis adder's-mouth-orchid 3
Maxillarieae Corallorhiza coralroot 6
Aplectrum Adam and Eve 1
Calypsoeae Calypso fairy slipper 1
Tipularia cranefly orchid 1
Orchidoideae Orchideae Amerorchis roundleaf orchis 1
Coeloglossum frog-orchid 1
Galearis galearis 1
Platanthera fringed-orchid 18
Cranichideae Goodyera rattlesnake-plantain 3
Spiranthes ladies'-tresses 14
Hypoxidaceae — — Hypoxis eastern yellow stargrass 1
Iridaceae Iridoideae Irideae Iris iris 10
Sisyrinchieae Sisyrinchium blue-eyed grass 7
Crocoideae Ixiae Crocus crocus 4
Asphodelaceae Hemerocallidoieae Hemerocallideae Hemerocallis daylily 2
Amaryllidaceae Allioideae Allieae Allium garlic, onion, leek, chives 14
Amaryllidoideae Narcisseae Narcissus daffodil 4
Galantheae Galanthus snowdrop 2
Leucojum snowflake 1
Asparagaceae Scilloideae Ornithogaleae Ornithogalum star-of-Bethlehem 2
Hyacintheae Chionodoxa glory of the snow 1
Hyacinthoides English-bluebell 2
Muscari grape-hyacinth 1
Scilla squill 1
Agavoideae Agaveae Yucca Adam's needle 1
Hosta plantain lily 4
Camassia Atlantic camas 0
Asparagoideae — Asparagus asparagus 1
Nolinoideae Convallarieae Convallaria lily-of-the-valley 2
Polygonateae Maianthemum mayflower 4
Polygonatum Solomon's-seal 3

Family Amaryllidaceae

The Amaryllidaceae (family)...

Subfamily Allioideae

Allium

Allium subg. Anguinum
Allium tricoccum
wild leeks, ramps
Subg. Anguinum contains the native wild leeks, also known as ramps.
Asparagales — Amaryllidaceae — Allioideae — Allium subg. Anguinum
Genus Allium subg. Anguinum Wild leeks N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Aiton
var. tricoccum
1789. Allium tricoccum Aiton
1808. Allium triflorum Raf.
1822. Ophioscorodon tricoccum (Aiton) Wallr.
1840. Aglitheis tricoccum (Aiton) Raf.
1903. Validallium tricoccum (Aiton) Small
 Small white leek,
Wild leek,
Wood leek,
Ramp,
Ramps
Ail des bois,
Ail trilobé,
Ail sauvage 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure

NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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FNA
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Note: FLNPS
 Aiton
var. burdickii Hanes
1953. Allium tricoccumvar. burdickii Hanes
1979. Allium burdickii (Hanes) A.G.Jones
 Narrow-leaf wild leek,
Burdick's wild leek,
Ramp
Ail de Burdick 		Native, CoC: 8,
Endangered,
No recent reports,
DEC-A[1]

NYFA: Z
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  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
Allium subg. Amerallium
Asparagales — Amaryllidaceae — Allioideae — Allium subg. Amerallium
Genus Allium subg. Amerallium Onion N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
var. canadense
 Meadow garlic,
Canadian garlic,
Wild onion 		Native,
Secure

NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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Note: FLNPS
var. cernuum
 Nodding onion Native,
Threatened,
DEC-B[1]

NYFA: 2
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
Note: FLNPS
 Cirillo
 Ail de Naples,
Neapolitan garlic,
White garlic 		Introduced,
Old-World native

NYFA: X
USDA-X0
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Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened.
Allium subg. Cepa
Allium schoenoprasum L.
wild chives
Chives (Allium schoenoprasum) is a circumboreal species. Although escapes of these widely-cultivated plants are common, natural populations are now considered to be endangered in New York.
Asparagales — Amaryllidaceae — Allioideae — Allium subg. Cepa
Genus Allium subg. Cepa sect. Schoenoprasum Chives N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Allium schoenoprasum L.
1753. Allium sibiricum L.
yyyy. A. schoenoprasum  var. laurentianum  
yyyy. A. schoenoprasum  var. sibiricum  
Wild chives Native, CoC: 9,
Endangered,
Note[1][2]

NYFA: U
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Genus Allium subg. Cepa sect. Cepa Onions N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 Garden onion,
Cultivated onion 		Introduced,
Not naturalized

NYFA: X
USDA-C0
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Wikispecies
  1. ↑ USDA-NRCS PLANTS shows Allium schoenoprasum var. schoenoprasum as introduced in North America, but not present in NY. It shows var. sibiricum as native to North America, present in NY, and threatened in MI, MN, and NH. The New York Flora Atlas treats these varieties as cultivars and gives the species a state-exotic status. Flora of North America treats the species as a polymorphic North American native, with no reliable varietal separations.
  2. ↑ New York Rare Plant Status Lists, November 2017:Changes Since the June 2010 Rare Plant Status Lists: Taxa added to the Active List: Allium schoenoprasum G5 S1
Allium subg. Allium
Asparagales — Amaryllidaceae — Allioideae — Allium subg. Allium
Genus Allium subg. Allium sect. Allium Garlic & Leeks N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 Wild garlic,
Wild onion,
Onion-grass 		Introduced,
Widespread weed,
NE-3[1]

NYFA: X
USDA-XX
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 L.
var. ophioscorodon
 Hardneck garlic Introduced

NYFA: X
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 Round-head garlic Introduced

NYFA: X
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 Leek Introduced

NYFA: X
USDA-X0
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Genus Allium subg. Allium  Garlic & Leeks N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 Wild garlic Introduced,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
USDA-XW
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 L.
var. sativum
 Garlic Introduced,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
USDA-XX
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Wikispecies
 L.
var. paniculatum
 Mediterranean onion Introduced,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
USDA-X0
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Wikispecies
 L.
 Broadleaf wild leek,
Broad-leaved wild leek 		Introduced,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
USDA-X0
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  1. ↑ Category 3 Plants - widespread non-native species - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Subamily Amaryllidoideae

The Amaryllidoideae (amaryllis subfamily)...

Tribe Narcisseae

Narcissus
Asparagales — Amaryllidaceae — Amaryllidoideae — Narcisseae — Narcissus
Genus Narcissus Daffodil N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 Poet’s narcissus,
Pheasant’s-eye narcissus,
Daffodil 		Introduced

NYFA: X
USDA-XX
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Wikispecies
L. 1753
 Daffodil,
Common daffodil,
Trumpet narcissus 		Introduced,
from Eurasia,
Macaronesia

NYFA: X
USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
Mill. (pro sp.)
[ poeticus × pseudonarcissus ]
 Nonesuch daffodil Introduced

NYFA: X
USDA-X0
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Wikispecies
Genus Narcissus  Daffodil N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L
 Jonquil,
Daffodil 		Introduced,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
USDA-X0
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Tribe Galantheae

Leucojum
Asparagales — Amaryllidaceae — Amaryllidoideae — Galantheae — Leucojum
Genus Leucojum Snowflake N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L. 1759
 Summer snowflake,
Loddon-lily 		Introduced,
from Eurasia

NYFA: X
USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
FNA
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Wikispecies
Galanthus
Asparagales — Amaryllidaceae — Amaryllidoideae — Galantheae — Galanthus
Genus Galanthus Snowdrop N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Hook.f. 1875
1882. G. graecus Orph. ex Boiss.
 Giant snowdrop,
Greater snowdrop 		Introduced,
from Eurasia

NYFA: X
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 L. 1753
1839. G. imperati Bertol.
1888. G. nivalisssp. imperati Baker
 Snowdrop,
Common snowdrop
Perceneige 		Introduced,
from Eurasia

NYFA: X
USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
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Family Asparagaceae

Subfamily Scilloideae

Tribe Ornithogaleae

Ornithogalum
Ornithogalum umbellatum L.
common star-of-Bethlehem


Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Scilloideae — Ornithogaleae — Ornithogalum
Genus Ornithogalum Star of Bethlehem N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Ornithogalum umbellatum L.
 Common star-of-Bethlehem,
Pyrenees Star of Bethlehem,
Nap-at-noon,
Sleepy dick
Dame de onze heures 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Invasive,
WW

NYFA: X
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 L. (1753)
 Drooping star-of-Bethlehem,
Nodding star-of-Bethlehem 		Introduced,
Eurasia native

NYFA: X
USDA-XX
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Tribe Hyacintheae

Subribe Hyacinthinae
Scilla
Asparagales — Hyacinthaceae — Hyacinthoideae — Hyacintheae — Hyacinthinae
Genus Scilla Scilla N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Andrews
1804. Scilla siberica Andrews
1804. Scilla siberica Haw.
1998. Othocallis siberica (Haw.) Speta
 Siberian squill,
Wood squill 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Naturalized

NYFA: X
USDA-X
ARS-GRIN
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Chionodoxa
Asparagales — Hyacinthaceae — Hyacinthoideae — Hyacintheae — Hyacinthinae
Genus Chionodoxa Glory-of-the-snow N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
1844. Chionodoxa luciliae Boiss.
1899. Chionodoxa gigantea Whittall
1971. Scilla luciliae (Boiss.) Speta
 Glory of the snow,
Lucile's glory of the snow 		Introduced,
Naturalized

NYFA: X
USDA-X0
FNA
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Muscari
Asparagales — Hyacinthaceae — Hyacinthoideae — Hyacintheae — Hyacinthinae
Genus Muscari Grape-hyacinth N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Common grape-hyacinth,
Compact grape-hyacinth,
Italilan grape-hyacinth,
Grape-hyacinth 		Introduced from
 Europe,
Naturalized

NYFA: X
USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
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Grape hyacinth,
Starch grape hyacinth 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Unknown naturalization

NYFA: X
USDA-X
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Wikispecies
Hyacinthoides
Asparagales — Hyacinthaceae — Hyacinthoideae — Hyacintheae — Hyacinthinae
Genus Hyacinthoides Hyacinthoides N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Chouard
1753. Hyacinthus non-scriptus L.
1803. Scilla non-scripta (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link
1934. Hyacinthoides non-scripta (L.) Chouard
 English-bluebell Introduced,
Not naturalized

NYFA: X
USDA-X
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 (Mill.) Rothm.
1768. Scilla hispanica Mill.
1944. Hyacinthoides hispanica (Mill.) Rothm.
1983. Scilla non-scripta  ssp. hispanica (Mill.)  Ietsw.
1993. Hyacinthoides non-scripta  ssp. hispanica (Mill.)  Kerguélen
Spanish bluebell ⓘ
Introduced,
Not naturalized

NYFA: Xm
USDA-XX
FNA
Tropicos
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Subfamily Agavoideae

Yucca

Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Agavoideae — Agaveae — Yucca
Genus Yucca Yucca N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Yucca,
Adam's needle,
Spanish bayonette 		Introduced,
North America native

NYFA: X
USDA-N
NatureServe
BONAP
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Hosta

Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Agavoideae — Agaveae — Hosta
Genus Hosta Plantain-lily N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Thunb.) Engl.
 Narrowleaf plantain lily,
Narrow-leaved plantain-lily 		Introduced

NYFA: X
USDA-X
Images
Wikispecies
Blue plantain-lily Introduced

NYFA: X
USDA-X
Images
Wikispecies
Fragrant plantain lily Introduced,
No NY reports

NYFA: X
USDA-X
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Camassia

Camassia scilloides
wild hyacinth, eastern camas
Camassia scilloides (wild hyacinth) was listed in the 1912 Flora of Onondaga County as Quamasia hyacinthina Raf., a "very rare" plant found on the bank of Onondaga Creek in 1900.[1] It is not listed in the New York Flora Atlas.
  1. ↑ L. Leonora Hutchinson Goodrich (1912) Flora of Onondaga County as Collected by the Members of the Syracuse Botanical Club. p. 64.
Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Agavoideae — Camassia
Genus Camassia Raf. (1818) 0 N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Raf.) Cory
1818. Cyanotris scilloides Raf.
1824. Quamasia scilloides (Raf.) Raf.
1896. Quamasia hyacinthina Britton
1908. Camassia esculenta (Ker Gawl.) B.L.Rob.)
1936. Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory
Eastern camas ⓘ
Atlantic camas ⓘ
Wild hyacinth ⓘ
Camassie faux-scille ⓘ
Jacinthe des bois ⓘ
N. America native

USDA-NN
FNA
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Subamily Asparagoideae

The Asparagoideae (asparagus subfamily)...

Asparagus

Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Asparagoideae — Asparagus
Genus Asparagus Asparagus N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Asparagus officinalis L.
1753. Asparagus officinalisssp. officinalis
1753. Asparagus officinalisvar. altilus L.
1783. Asparagus tenuifolius Lam.
1864. Asparagus altilus (L.) Asch.
 Garden asparagus,
Common asparagus,
Asparagus
Asperge,
Asperge officinale 		Introduced
Perennial,
Forb-herb

NYFA: X
USDA-XX
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Subfamily Nolinoideae

The Nolinoideae subfamily...

Convallaria

Convallaria majalis
lily of the valley
The lily-of-the-valley plants that have been found to have naturalized or persisted from old plantings in New York have been the Eurasian lily-of-the-valley (C. majalis ssp. majalis). The American lily-of-the-valley (C. majalis ssp. majuscula[1]) is considered to be native to the Appalachian Mountain region with a natural range extending only as far north as West Virginia. These North American natives have not been reported outside of cultivation in New York.
  1. ↑ Gandhi.. 2012. Nomenclatural and taxonomic analysis of Convallaria majalis, C. majuscula, and C. montana
Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Nolinoideae — Convallaria
Genus Convallaria Lily of the valley N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
ssp. majalis
1753. Convallaria majalis L.
 Eurasian lily-of-the-valley,
European lily-of-the-valley
Muguet 		Introduced,
Naturalized

NYFA: X
USDA-X
FNA
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Genus Convallaria  Lily of the valley N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
ssp. majuscula (Greene)
Gandhi, Reveal, and Zarucchi
1840. Convallaria montana Raf.
1908. Convallaria majuscula Greene
1964. Convallaria majalis
var. montana (Raf.) H.E.Ahles
2012. Convallaria majalisssp. majuscula
 American lily-of-the-valley N. America native,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA: 0
USDA-N0
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
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Note: Gandhi[1]
  1. ↑ Gandhi.. 2012. Nomenclatural and taxonomic analysis of Convallaria majalis, C. majuscula, and C. montana

Maianthemum

Maianthemum canadense Desf.
Canada mayflower
Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Nolinoideae — Maianthemum
Genus Maianthemum Mayflower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Desf.
1807. Maianthemum canadense Desf.
1814. Smilacina canadensis Pursh
1888. Unifolium canadense Greene
 Canada May-flower,
Canadian May-lily,
Wild lily-of-the-valley,
False lily-of-the-valley,
Two-leaved Solomon’s-seal
Maïanthème du Canada 		Native, CoC: 5,
Secure
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Zoochore

NYFA: 5
USDA-N
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(L.) Link
ssp. racemosum
1753. Convallaria racemosa L.
1807. Smilacina racemosa Desf.
1821. Maianthemum racemosum Link
1840. Vagnera retusa Raf.
1889. Unifolium racemosum (Britton
1893. Vagnera racemosa Morong
1903. Vagnera australis Rydb.
 False Solomon’s-seal,
False spikenard,
Solomon’s-plume,
Feathery false lily of the valley
Smilacine à grappes 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Zoochore

NYFA: 5
USDA-N
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 (L.) Link
1753. Convallaria stellata L.
1807. Smilacina stellata (L.) Desf.
1821. Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link
 Starry Solomon's-seal,
Little false Solomon’s-seal,
Starflower Solomon’s-seal,
Starflower Solomon's-plume
Smilacine étoilée,
Maïanthème étoilé 		Native,
Secure

NYFA: 5
USDA-N
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
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(L.) Sloboda
1753. Convallaria trifolia
    Smilacina trifolia
    Tovaria trifolia
    Vagnera trifolia
1852. Maianthemum trifolium L
 Three-leaved Solomon's-plume,
Threeleaf false lily of the valley,
Threeleaf false Solomon's seal,
Swamp false Solomon's seal
Smilacine trifoliée,
Smilacine à trois feuilles 		Native,
Secure

NYFA: 5
USDA-N
Images
Wikispecies

Polygonatum

Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott
Solomon’s seal
Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Nolinoideae — Polygonatum
Genus Polygonatum Mill. Solomon's-seal N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Willd.) Pursh
1803. Convallaria pubescens Willd.
1814. P. pubescens (Willd.) Pursh
 auct. P. biflorum sensu Gray & Britton
 Hairy Solomon’s seal,
Downy Solomon's-seal
Sceau-de-Salomon
  pubescent 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5
USDA-N
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(Walter) Elliott
var. biflorum
1788. Convallaria biflora Walter
1817. Polygonatum biflorum Elliott
1917. P. biflorumvar. hebetifolium
1927. P. hebetifolium (R.R. Gates) Bush
 Giant Solomon’s seal,
Great Solomon’s seal,
Common Solomon's-seal,
Smooth Solomon’s seal,
King Solomon's-seal
Sceau-de-Salomon
  à deux fleurs 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5
USDA-N
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(Walter) Elliott
var. commutatum (Schult.f.) Morong
1830. Convallaria commutata Schult.f.
1835. P. commutatum A.Dietr.
1894. P. biflorumvar. commutatum
 Large Solomon's-seal,
Giant Solomon’s seal,
Great Solomon’s seal
Sceau-de-Salomon géant,
Sceau-de-Salomon canaliculé 		Native, CoC: 5,
Unrankd
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: U
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Genus Polygonatum  Solomon's-seal N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Jacq.) Desf.
1775. Convallaria latifolia Jacq.
1797. Convallaria hirta Bosc ex Poir.
1807. P, latifolium (Jacq.) Desf.
1814. P. hirtum (Bosc ex Poir.) Pursh
1840. Sigillaria hirta (Bosc ex Poir.) Raf.
Broad-leaved Solomon's-seal ⓘ
Broadleaf Solomon's-seal ⓘ
Introduced from
 Europe,
N.Y. excluded,
Cultivated

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←
Asparagales (2)
Iridaceae & Asphodelaceae 		Flora of New York — Asparagales (3)
Ammaryllidaceae & Asparagaceae 		→
Poales (1)
Typhaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Xyridaceae
Table of
contents 		Genus
index 		Protected species index Invasive species index
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