Chinese (Mandarin)/Traditional/Lesson 5
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Lesson 5: Measure words
[edit | edit source]Measure Words/量詞(liang4ci2)
[edit | edit source]In Chinese, most specified or numbered nouns must be preceded by measure words according to the type of object. It is like the English use of “pair” in the phrase “two pairs of pants”. Like the word “pair,” Chinese measure words are placed between the noun and the preceding number or demonstrative pronoun. |
1. 這本書裡沒有一個漢字。
- Zhè bĕn shū lǐ méi yǒu yí gè Hànzì.
- This book doesn’t contain one Chinese character.
2. 那間宿舍裡有六十個學生。
- Nà jiān sùshè lǐ yǒu liùshí ge xuésheng.
- That dorm has sixty students.
Some Common Measure Words
[edit | edit source]Character | Pinyin | Main uses | Example |
---|---|---|---|
個 (个) | ge (gè) | individual things, people — usage of this classifier in conjunction with any noun is generally accepted if the person does not know the proper classifier. | 一個書包 yí gè shū bāo |
箇 | gè | general classifier | |
把 | bǎ | "handful" — objects that can be held (knives, keys; also chairs) | 一把刀 yì bă dāo. One knife. (The official measure word for scissors is "把", however, many Chinese use "个" when speaking. In written Chinese however, people usually revert to "把".) |
包 | bāo | "package", "bundle" | |
杯 | bēi | "cup" — drinks | |
本 | běn | "volume" — bound print matter (books, etc.) | |
冊 (册) | cè | volumes of books | |
次 | cì | "time" — opportunities, accidents | |
滴 | dī | "droplet" water, blood, and other such fluids | |
點 (点) | diǎn | ideas, suggestions, can also mean "a bit" | |
朵 | duǒ | flowers, clouds | 一朵花 yì duŏ huā. One flower. |
根 | gēn | thin, slender objects (needles, pillars, etc.) | |
家 | jiā | gathering of people (families, companies, etc.) | |
件 | jiàn | matters, clothing, etc. | 一件衣服 yí jiàn yī fù |
節 (节) | jié | "section" — of bamboo, classes, etc. | |
口 | kǒu | people in a family, population of a place | |
輛 (辆) | liàng | automobiles, bicycles, etc. | 一輛車 yí liàng chē. One car. |
面 | miàn | flat and smooth objects (mirrors, flags, etc.) | |
匹 | pǐ | horses and other mounts, rolls/bolts of cloth | 一匹馬 yì pǐ mă. One horse. |
片 | piàn | "slice" — flat objects, cards, slices of bread, etc. | |
瓶 | píng | "bottle" — drinks | |
艘 | sōu | ships | 一艘船 yì sōu chuán. One boat. |
所 | suǒ | buildings | 一所學校 yi suo3 she2 siao4 |
臺 (台) | tái | heavy objects (TVs, computers, etc.) and performances (theatre, etc.) | 一臺電視 yi tai2 dien4 si4 |
條 (条) | tiáo | long, narrow, flexible objects (fish, trousers, etc.) | 一條魚 yì tiáo yú. One fish. |
頭 (头) | tóu | "head" — certain animals (pigs, cows, etc.), hair | 一頭牛 yì tóu niú. One head of cattle. |
位 | wèi | polite classifier for people | |
張 (张) | zhāng | "sheet" — flat objects (paper, tables, etc.), faces, bows, paintings, tickets, constellations | 一張紙 yì zhāng zhĭ. One piece of paper. |
支 | zhī | stick-like objects (pens, chopsticks, etc.) | |
隻 (只) | zhī | one of a pair, animals (birds, cats, etc.) | 一只狗 yì zhī gŏu. One dog. |
種 (种) | zhǒng | types or kinds of objects |
A more complete reference list of Chinese measure words can be found in the Wikipedia.