Chinese (Classical Mandarin)/Transliteration and pronunciation

Traditional name	Transliteration	IPA	Colloquial variation (IPA)	English approximation
	Onset consonants
幫	p	p		spy
滂	ph	pʰ		pat
並	phh	pʰ⁽ʱ⁾	pʰ	pat
並	b	b	p	b
明	m	m		m
非	f	f		f
奉	fv	fʱ	f	f
微	v	v	v~w	v
端	t	t		stay
透	th	tʰ		Thai
定	thh	tʰ⁽ʱ⁾	tʰ	Thai
定	d	d	t	d
泥	n	n		n
精	tz	ts		tz
清	ths	tsʰ		cats
從	thhs	tsʰ⁽ʱ⁾	tsʰ	cats
從	dz	dz	ts	cards
心	s	s		s
邪	sz	sʱ	s	s
照	č (before e/u/we)	tʃ	ts
照	č (elsewhere)	tʃ		tj
穿	čh (before e/u/we)	tʃʰ	tsʰ
穿	čh (elsewhere)	tʃʰ		chat
牀	čhh (before e/u/we)	tʃʰ⁽ʱ⁾	tsʰ
牀	čhh (elsewhere)	tʃʰ⁽ʱ⁾	tʃʰ	chat
牀	dj (before e/u/we)	dʒ	ts
牀	dj (elsewhere)	dʒ	tʃ	j
審	sh (before e/u/we)	ʃ	s
審	sh (elsewhere)	ʃ		sh
禪	shh (before e/u/we)	ʃʱ	s
禪	shh (elsewhere)	ʃʱ	ʃ	sh
見	k	k		sky
溪	kh	kʰ		kite
羣	khh	kʰ⁽ʱ⁾	kʰ	kite
羣	g	g	k	gum
疑	ng (before w/u/i/y)	ŋ	∅
疑	ng (elsewhere)	ŋ	ŋ	hangar
影	’ (before w/u/i/y)	ʔ	∅
影	’ (elsewhere)	ʔ	ŋ
曉	h	h ~ ꭓ		h
匣	hh	ɦ	h ~ x	h
來	l	l		l
日	zh	ʒ ~ ɻ		vision
	Rhymes
東	ung	uŋ		oong
	yung (after khh or ∅)	yuŋ		yoong
	yung (elsewhere)	yuŋ	uŋ	yoong
支	e	ɨ		sit
	ï	ɨ	i
	i (after f/v)	i	i/ei	key
	i (elsewhere)	i		key
	r	ɻ
齊	i	i		key
魚	yu	y		you
模	u	u		cool
皆	ai	aɪ		side
	wai	waɪ		wise
	iai	iaɪ		yikes
灰	ui	uɪ ~ weɪ		way
真	en	ən		pin
	un (after labials)	un ~ wən	ən
	un (elsewhere)	un ~ wən		win
	in (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh)	in ~ iən		keen
	in (elsewhere)	in ~ iən		keen
	yun (after k/kh/khh/g/h/hh/ʾ/∅)	y(u)n ~ yən		yoon
	yun (elsewhere)	y(u)n ~ yən	un ~ wən	yoon
寒	won	wɔn		won
刪	an	an		Ann
	wan	wan
	ian	ian	iɛn	yen
先	ien	iɛn		yen
	yuen	y(u)ɛn
蕭	iew/iau (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh)	iɛʊ	iɛʊ ~ iɑʊ
	iew/iau (elsewhere)	iɛʊ	iɛʊ ~ iɑʊ
爻	ao/aw	ɑʊ		cow
	iao/iaw	iaʊ	iɛʊ ~ iɑʊ
歌	o	ɔ		awe
	wo	wɔ		walk
麻	a	a		bat
	wa	wa
	ia	ia		yak
遮	ie (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh)	iɛ		yes
	ie (elsewhere)	iɛ		yes
	yue (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh)	y(u)ɛ
	yue (elsewhere)	y(u)ɛ
陽	ang	ɑŋ		ong
	wang	wɑŋ		Wong
	iang (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh)	iɑŋ		yong
	iang (elsewhere)	iɑŋ		yong
庚	eng	əŋ		ung
	weng	wəŋ		wung
	ing	iŋ ~ iəŋ
	yueng	y(u)əŋ
尤	ow	oʊ ~ əʊ
	iow (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh)	ioʊ ~ iəʊ
	iow	ioʊ ~ iəʊ
侵	em	əm	ən	limb
	im (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh)	im	in	limb
	im	im	in	deem
覃	am	am	an	lamb
	iam	iam	iɛn	yam
鹽	iem	iɛm	iɛn	yam
屋	uk	ʊʔ		look
	yuk (after k/kh/khh/g/h/hh/ʾ/∅)	yʊʔ
	yuk (elsewhere)	yʊʔ	ʊʔ
質	et	əʔ		cut
	ut	ʊʔ		put
	it (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh)	iɪʔ		eat
	it (elsewhere)	iɪʔ		eat
	yut	yʔ
曷	ot	ɔʔ		caught
	wot	wɔʔ
轄	at	aʔ		cat
	wat	waʔ
	iat	iaʔ
屑	iet (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh)	iɛʔ		yet
	iet (elsewhere)	iɛʔ		yet
	yuet (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh)	y(u)ɛʔ
	yuet (elsewhere)	y(u)ɛʔ
藥	ok	ɒʔ	ɔʔ
	wok	wɒʔ	wɔʔ
	iok (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh)	iɒʔ	iɔʔ
	iok (elsewhere)	iɒʔ	iɔʔ
陌	ek	əʔ
	wek	wəʔ
	ik (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh)	iɪʔ
	ik (elsewhere)	iɪʔ
	yuek	yuəʔ
緝	ep	əʔ
	ip (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh)	iɪʔ
	ip (elsewhere)	iɪʔ
合	ap	aʔ
	op	ɔʔ
	iap	iaʔ
葉	iep	iɛʔ
	Tones
平	a/ā	˧
	ȃ	˨˩
上	à	˥˧
	á'	˨˦
去	á	˨˦
入	a(-p/t/k)/ă	-ʔ