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Research on Tibetan Languages: A bibliography

Contents 1 Introduction 2 Related Fields 2.1 General Bibliographies of Tibetan Studies 2.2 Tibeto-Burman 2.3 The Bodish Languages 2.4 The indigenous grammatical tradition 2.5 The Tibetan alphabet and paleography 3 Varieties of Written Tibetan 3.1 Classical Tibetan 3.1.1 Classical Tibetan Grammars 3.1.2 Classical Tibetan Phonology 3.1.3 Classical Tibetan Morphology 3.1.4 Classical Tibetan Syntax 3.1.5 Classical Tibetan Dictionaries and General Works of Tibetan Lexicography 3.2 Old Tibetan 3.2.1 Old Tibetan Grammars 3.2.2 Old Tibetan Phonology 3.2.3 Old Tibetan Morphology 3.2.4 Old Tibetan Syntax 3.2.5 Old Tibetan Dictionaries 3.3 Modern Literary Tibetan 3.3.1 Modern Literary Tibetan Grammars 4 Spoken Tibetan Languages 4.1 Western Dialects 4.1.1 Balti 4.1.1.1 Balti Grammars 4.1.1.2 Balti Dictionaries 4.1.2 Ladakhi 4.1.2.1 Phonology 4.1.2.2 Texts 4.1.2.3 Grammars 4.1.2.4 Dictionaries 4.1.3 Purik 4.2 Central Tibetan 4.2.1 Lhasa 4.2.1.1 Handbooks and Manuals 4.2.1.2 Grammars 4.2.1.3 Phonology 4.2.1.4 Ergativity 4.2.1.5 Verbal System 4.2.1.6 Texts 4.2.2 Bhutia 4.3 Amdo Tibetan 4.3.1 Early Word lists 4.3.2 Standard Amdo 4.3.3 Amdo Sherpa 4.3.4 Reb-goṅ 4.3.5 Mdzo-dge-sde-pa 4.3.6 A-mchog 4.3.7 Źo-ṅu 4.3.8 Mgo-log 4.4 Khams Tibetan 5 References 5.1 Angelini, Pietro 5.2 Amundsen, Edward 5.3 Andersen, Paul Kent. 5.4 Andvik, Erik 5.5 Aschoff, Jürgen C. 5.6 Aubin, Françoise 5.7 Austen, H. H. G. 5.8 Babinger, F. 5.9 Bailey, T. Grahame 5.10 Barnett, L. D. 5.11 Beckwith, Christopher I. 5.12 Behr, Wolfgang 5.13 Bell, Charles 5.14 Benedict, Paul 5.15 Beyer, Stephan V. 5.16 Bielmeier, Roland 5.17 Bodman, N. 5.18 Bkra shis bzang po 5.19 Bskal bzang vgyur med 5.20 Btsan lha ngag dbang tshul khrims 5.21 Buck, Stuart H. 5.22 Causemann, Margret 5.23 Chang, Kun 5.24 Chang, Kun & Betty Shefts 5.25 Che Qian 車謙 5.26 Clark, Larry V. et al. 5.27 Coblin, W. South 5.28 Davidson, Roland M. 5.29 Das Gupta, Kamalesh 5.30 Dey, Pradip. 5.31 Chos kyi grags pa 5.32 Das, Sarat Chandra 5.33 Delancey, Scott 5.34 Denwood, Philip 5.35 Desgodins, Auguste 5.36 van Driem, George 5.37 Edgerton, Franklin 5.38 Eimer, Helmut 5.39 Gesang Jumian (格桑居冕 = Skal bzang 'gyur med) 5.40 Giraudeau, Pierre Philippe et Françis Goré 5.41 Goldstein, Melvyn C. 5.42 Gould, Basil John, Sir, and Hugh Edward Richardson 5.43 Hackett, Paul G. 5.44 Hahn, Michael 5.45 Hale, Austin 5.46 Haller, Felix 5.47 Hamid, Abdul. 5.48 Haudricourt, A 5.49 Hermann, Silke 5.50 Hermanns, Matthias 5.51 Hill, Nathan W. 5.52 Hongladarom, Krisadawan (กฤษดาวรรณ หงศ์ลดารมภ์) 5.53 Hua, Kan (華侃) 5.54 Hoshi Izumi (星泉) 5.55 Hoshi, Michiyo 5.56 Huang Bufan 黃布凡 5.57 Huber, Brigite 5.58 Hyslop, Gwendolyn 5.59 Inaba Shōju 稲葉正就 5.60 Jäschke, Heinrich August 5.61 Jin Peng [Chin P’eng] 金鵬 5.62 Kitamura Hajime 5.63 de Kőrös, Alexander Csoma [= Kőrösi Csoma, Sándor] with Sangs rgyas Phun tshogs 5.64 Koshal, Sanyukta 5.65 LaPolla, Randy J. 5.66 Laufer, Berthold 5.67 Lehman, F. K 5.68 Lewin, Thomas Herbert 5.69 Li Fang-Kuei 5.70 Li yung khrang 5.71 Lobsang, Ghulam Hassan 5.72 Lu shao zun 陸紹尊 5.73 Matisoff, James A. 5.74 Michailovsky, Boyd and Martine Mazaudon 5.75 Migot, A. 5.76 Miller, P. M. (1951). 5.77 Miller, Roy Andrew 5.78 Mimaki, Katsumi 5.79 Nagano, Yasuhiko 5.80 Nagano, Yasuhiko and Randy J. LaPolla, eds. 5.81 Needham, J.F. 5.82 Norberg-Hodge, Helena and Gyelong Thupstan Paldan (eds.). 5.83 Norman, Rebecca 5.84 Oetke, Claus 5.85 Richardson, Hugh Edward 5.86 Rnam-rgyal Tshe-ring, ed. 5.87 Rockhill, William Woodville 5.88 de Roerich, George 5.89 von Rosthorn, A. 5.90 Róna-Tas, András 5.91 von Rosthorn, A. 5.92 Sadakane Ayako (貞兼綾子) 5.93 Sandberg, Graham 5.94 Sato Michio 5.95 Schmidt, Iakov Ivanovich 5.96 Schroeter, Rev. Frederic Christian Gotthelf 5.97 Schwieger, Peter 5.98 Sedláček, Kamil 5.99 Shafer, Robert ed. 5.100 Simon, Walter 5.101 Sprigg, Richard Keith 5.102 Skorupski, Tadeuse 5.103 Steward, FIRST NAME 5.104 Sun, Jackson T. S.(孫天心) 5.105 Suo Wenqing (索文清) 5.106 Takeuchi Tsuguhito 5.107 Taube, Manfred 5.108 Tharchin, G. Rev. 5.109 Thomas, Frederick William 5.110 Tillemans, Tom 5.111 Tournadre, Nicolas 5.112 Tsan chung 5.113 Tshe dbang rnam rgyal 5.114 Tsering, Dhondup 5.115 Uray, Géza 5.116 Verhagen, Pieter 5.117 Vigne, Godfrey Thomas 5.118 Wen Yu 5.119 Wilhelm, Friedrich 5.120 Wylie, Turrell V. 5.121 Yukawa Yasutosi 湯川泰敏 5.122 Zemp, Marius 5.123 Zeisler, Bettina 5.124 Zhang Yisun / Krang dpyi sun 5.125 Zhou Li

[edit] Introduction

[edit] Related Fields

[edit] General Bibliographies of Tibetan Studies

n order to situate this bibliography among other Tibetan studies bibliographies, it is worth mentioning what other bibliographies are available. I have used all of the ones relevant for this study. But also this may help the student navigate the secondary literature in other areas. Bibliographies of primary sources, manuscript catalogues and the like have been excluded. Perhaps most relevant here is Clark (2006) which includes a bibliography of Tibetan dictionaries. Bibliographies of Tibetan studies concentrating on research in Japanese include Sadakane (1982, 1997) and Suo (1999). A useful bibliography of Chinese and Tibetan language works has been issued in three volumes covering the period 1949-2000 (Zhongguo Zangxue shumu 1994, 1997, 2001). The somewhat longer period 1972-2004 is covered in another two volume bibliography (Zhongguo zangxue lunwen 1999, 2006). However whereas the former has information in Tibetan and English as well as Chinese, the latter is a monolingual publication. Bibliographies focusing on work in other languages include French *(Aubin 1993), German *(Aschoff 1992), and Italian *(Angelini 1994).

[edit] Tibeto-Burman

Tibetan is generally considered a member of the Tibeto-Burman (also called Sino-Tibetan) family. Bibliographies of Tibeto-Burman studies include Shafer (1957), Hale (1982), and LaPolla and Lowe (1994). Another important bibliographic resource is van Driem (2001). Attempts to reconstruct Tibeto-Burman (none terribly successful) include Shafer (1966-???), Benedict (1972), and Matisoff (2003). MENTION SUB BRANCH RECONSTRUCTIONS. and GONG

[edit] The Bodish Languages

Apart from the Tibetan languages the Bodic subbranch of Tibeto-Burman is probably among the least researched branches of Tibeto-Burman. Languages regarded as members of this family include Bumthang (Michailovsky and Mazaudon 1994; van Driem 1995), Tshangla (Hoshi 1987; Andvik 1999), Dakpa (Lu 1986; Sun et al. 1991), and Zhangzhung (Nagano and LaPolla 2001). As for grammars of 'Monpa' there is Das Gupta (1968) and Lu (2002). Some papers on Kurtoep include Hyslop (2008a, 2008b, 2009).

[edit] The indigenous grammatical tradition

The study of the indigenous Tibetan grammatical tradition, while of course offering much insight into the language, is a field in itself. Therefore, no attempt to comprehensivly discuss the Tibetan genres of Sum rtags and Bdra gsar rnying will be made in this bibliography. Studies of the Tibetan grammatical tradition include Inaba (1989), Miller (1976, 1993) and Verhagen (1994, and 2001). It remains a discipline in its infancy.

[edit] The Tibetan alphabet and paleography

Uray 1955, van Schaik.

[edit] Varieties of Written Tibetan

[edit] Classical Tibetan

[edit] Classical Tibetan Grammars

Beyer's grammar (1992) is insufficient in various respects. Despite being positively reviewed (Behr 1994, Davidson 1996, Eimer 1993, LaPolla 1994, Miller 1994). Beyer cites neither his predecessors nor his textual examples. He contributes little new, and muddles much of his sources. Tibeto-Burmanists are commended to the use of any of the several more reliable Tibetan grammars, including Inaba (1954), Hahn (1994), Bskal bzang vgyur med (1981, 1992), and Schwieger (2006).

BACOT, de KOROS, SCHMIDT, ROERICH (?)

[edit] Classical Tibetan Phonology

[edit] Classical Tibetan Morphology

Uray's papers on duplication, -e, and the diminutive.

[edit] Classical Tibetan Syntax

Thre is an excellent article on zero-anaphora in Classical Tibetan by Andersen (1987), which unfortunately seems not to have been noticed much by other researchers. Andersen discusses in particular the use of -pa-dang to block zero-anaphora. He also discusses constructions which are comparable to the passive and anti-passive.

Oetke (1977) discusses the use of vgyur, byed, and yin as auxiliary verbs, in particular with reference to conditional clauses in Buddhist literature.

Sato (1994) discusses ergativity in Classical Tibetan. On the same topic is the disasterous article by Saxena which must be read together with the response to it by Dempsey. Nagano (1994) discusses two examples one from Old TIbetan and one from Classical where he believes the suffix -kyis marks the patient of a transitive clause. He has another paper about this too somewhere.

[edit] Classical Tibetan Dictionaries and General Works of Tibetan Lexicography

Pre-modern dictionaries including Manchu-Tibetan, and Sanskrit-Tibetan dictionaries have been excluded. see Simon's article, the bibliography of Walters, and the article by Ruegg in Studia Tibetica 4.

The first Tibetan dictionary by a western author is a manuscript Tibetan-Latin dictionary by the Cappucian missionaries Giuseppe da Ascoli, Franceso Maria da Tours and F. Domenico da Fano (1674-1728), compiled between 1708 and 1713. This dictionary unfotunately remains unpublished but according to Simon (1964: 85) an extract is held at the Bibliothèque Nationale (Fonds Tibétain No. 542). Because this dictionary reportedly carries indication of pronunciation it could be of significant interest for Tibetan historical phonology. A Tibetan Italian dictionary was compiled by F. Francesco Orazio della Penna (1680-1745), a student of da Fano. The text of this work was translated into English and considerably mangled. The English version became the first published Tibetan dictioary (Schroeter 1826) but the original remains unpublished. These first two dictionaries and well as those of de Kőrös (1834), Schmidt (1841), Jäschke (1881), Desgodins (1899), and Das (1902) are well discussed by Simon and require no lenghty discussion here. de Kőrös is widely regarded as the founder of Tibetology as an academic discipline He has himself been the subject of a significant amount of research. Schmidt (1841) is largely a translation of de Kőrös (1834) into German, but it has been supplimented with lexicographical entries from some Tibetan-Mongolian glossaries at Schmidt's disposal. (WHICH ONES). Schmidt also prepared a Tibetan-Russian dictionary, which however I have not examined. A biography of Schmidt is provided in Babingen (1920). In Jäschke's first dictionary of 1866, the entries are alphabetized by their phonetic romanization, according to Latin alphabetical order. Tibetan script equivalents given for each entry, and differences of dialect are reported; information on verb syntax or stem variation occasionally reported. This dictionary was intended for practical use in the colloquial language. (OF LADAKH OR CENTRAL TIBET???) His 1881 dictionary does not differ significantly from the 1871 dictionary (IS THIS TRUE??). This is the first Tibetan dictionary of real caliber, and indeed as a work of lexicography is unrivaled to this day.

In the history of Tibetan lexicography special place must be afforded to the word of Chos kyi grags pa (1946). This is the first indigenous Tibetan dictionary (although the author was actually ethnically a Mongolian) to be organized alphabetically. Chos kyi grags pa received the aid of Dge 'dun chos 'phel in compiling the work. The latter has become a subject of scholarly inquiry in his own right, which now verges on a subdiscipline within Tibetan Studies (CITATIONS). Until recently this was used very widely be Tibetan as well as Western scholars. A number of lexeme from this dictionary are discussed in Wilhelm, F. (1962).

Gould and Richardson (1943) produced an interesting lexical resource. In a series which included Tibetan Verbs, and Tibetan Sentences. Each of 2950 syllables is numbered. Compound words are listed under each heading, and crossreferenced to each of their members. A phonetic transcription is given. Intransiive and transitive verbs are marked, aswell as honorifics and high honorifics. A real contribution to Tibetan etymology and word analysis which has not be properly followed up on. For a similar work see Tshe dbang rnam rgyal ([1958] 1997). Gould’s work is reviewed by Edgerton (1944), Barnett (1946) and Steward (1947).

A number of dictionaries can be mentioned all of which serve more or less the same function and are of roughly equal quality, i.e. derivative, somewhat unreliable, unscientific, but useful. In ths category would be a French-Tibetan dictionary (Giraudeau and Goré 1956) closely based on Desgodins (1899) but incorporating more modern technology as well, the Tibetan-Russian dictionary of Semichov (1963), which includes an appendix of verb tables, the Tibetan-German dictionary of Richter (1965), the Tibetan-English dictionary Buck (1969), which relies heavily on the French Catholic lexicographical tradition.

The luminous figure of early twentieth century Tibetology, George Nicholas de Roerich, left a long manuscript Tibetan-English dictionary as part of his Nachlass. It was edited and translated into Russian to form a twenty volume Tibetan-English and Russian dictionary. The size of the work and erudition of its author recommend it. Unfortunately not citing any sources it is not a methodological improvement on its peers, and is now rather difficult to obtain. CITATION

A number of other Tibetan-Tibetan or Tibetan-Chinese dictionaries were published in Tibet during the fifities, unfortunately they have all so far evaded me and it seems unproductive to share the inadaquet bibliographic scrapes which I have managed to collect.

A Tibetan-Tibetan dictionary of lasting importance is Tsan chung (1979). This is an excellent dictionary, with carefully written definitions. The cross references are excellent, and the handling of verbs is more sophisticated and reliable than in most dictionaries. Its relatively small size means that obscure words are not to be found, though it does have a strength in colloquial words and eastern dialect words. The examples appear to have been invented by the authors. While not a contribution to the scientific description of the Tibetan language, for a dictionary of its nature and size it is the best that can be achieved. Western students of Tibetan who do not yet know most basic vocabulary and are making the transition from using bilingual to monolingual dictionaries will find a particular asset in this work. It has been unfortunateley somewhat upstaged by its larger but less carefully edited sucessor, to be treated in the next paragraph. The dictionary which has become the current unrivaled standard is that of Zhang (1985). It is certainly a very large and useful work, but its merit is somewhat overrated. The definitions are so laconic as to sometimes be unintelligible, in particular words close in meaning are poorly differentiated. As usual, the compilers do not cite their examples or provide information on their sources. They have also haphazardly included geographical and biographical information properly outside the scope of a dictionary. Begun in 1928, as a translation of Jäschke (1881) the only mention of sources I am aware of cites western works, and Qing dynasty works in general. This work has been the subject of an translation into English (Skorupski 2001) though so far only until the letter nya, and supplement of more recent words has been compiled by Hackett (2001). The handling of tshad ma terminology in Zhang (1985) has been criticized by Bkra shis bzang po (1999). The verb entries have been excerpted and published seperately as Li yung khrang (1989).

[edit] Old Tibetan

[edit] Old Tibetan Grammars

As yet no grammar of Old Tibetan has been written.

[edit] Old Tibetan Phonology

Beckwith (2006), Che (1981, 1984), Dragunov (1936, 1939), Hill (2005b, 2006, 2007).

Studies of loanwords from Tibetan into other languages include Róna-Tas (1962, 1966) for Mongour, Emmerick (1983, 1985) for Khotanese, de Roerich (1957) for Mongolian, and Jacques (2004) for Japhug Rgyalroṅ. Studies of loanwords into Tibetan include Laufer (1916/18 and 1919) from various languages, Emmerick (1983, 1985) from Khotanese, and Beckwith and Walter (1997) from Indo-European. Studies of Tibetan words written in other scripts include Laufer (1914), Miller (1955b), Zhang (1987), Che (1991) and Róna-Tas (1992). Studies concerning the influence of Tibetan on Tokharian include Sapir (1936) and Ivanov (1961). A newly discovered source for Tibetan historical phonology is a collection of Dunhuang texts which are the transcripts of oral teachings, and give information about the pronunciation of Tibetan in medieval Dunhuang (van Schaik 2007).

[edit] Old Tibetan Morphology

Hill (2005a),

[edit] Old Tibetan Syntax

[edit] Old Tibetan Dictionaries

To date only one work has been published which can be properly called a dictionary of Old Tibetan, this being Btsan lha ngag dbang tshul khrims (1997). This work carefully quotes and cites its sources, however not specifically enough to afford confirmation. Citations have been culled from Dunhuang texts as well as the Bdra gsar rnying, and commentarial literature. Thus it exceeds the scope of Old Tibetan per se, but this only adds to its utility. Despite the very high quality of this work, which exceeds that of most scholarship emmiting from the PRC, in my view a comprehensive dictionary-cum-thesaurus of Old Tibetan texts making specific citations is a remaining desideratum of both Tibetan and Tibeto-Burman studies. Another Old Tibetan dictionary is that of Rnam-rgyal Tshe-ring (2001) which I have not yet seen. Although not dictionaries as such the glossaries of Li and Coblin (1987), Richardson (1985), and F. W. Thomas (1935-1965) should be mentioned as lexicographical resources for Old Tibetan. Although the last is now quite outdated. A number of Old Tibetan texts have been fully indexed, though without any definitions or commentary in Choix 3 and 4, and in Takeuchi (1995), and (1997-1998). Although, Takeuchi (1995) does contain a short glossary of terms, and a variety of invaluable lexicographical data and discussion throughout. Work on Tibetan and Tibeto-Burman historical linguistics must reply foremost upon Old Tibetan, and although moe work can be done in Old Tibetan lexicography, enough resources are already available to make the common practice of many Tibeto-Burmanists of replying exclusively on Jäschke 1881 now inexcusible. There is an indigenous tradition of providing glossaries of Old Tibetan words and phrases in Classical Tibetan, such works are extensively employed by Btsan lha ngag dbang tshul khrims (1997), Mimaki has made two studies of one of the earliest by Dbu pa blo gsal (Mimaki 1990, 1992). An overview of this literature in general is provided in an article by Manfred Taube.

[edit] Modern Literary Tibetan

[edit] Modern Literary Tibetan Grammars

In the later part of the 20th century one of the most active figures in Tibetan lexicography has been Melvyn C. Goldstein. His work is especially strong in political and military terminology. His first dictionary was published in 1975. It is very positively reviewed by Wylie (1980). Goldstein (1984) later compiled an English-Tibetan dictionary. The carefulness of editing seems uncharacteristic of Goldstein’s work. In 2001 he published a dictionary which is ostensibly a new edition 1975 dictionary though many times its size. It suffers from many basic problems such as crossreferences which lead nowhere, and mistakes in alphabetical order. Although ostensibly centered around the language of contemporary news and literature, because the work incorporates other dictionaries more or less in totol, this work even contains Old Tibetan vocabulary. As the first place to turn for a word it has its place. Although this work is useful for reading texts, especially modern, because of its large vocabulary, it fails to contribute to scientific lexicography. The negative comments of the reviewers are well deserved (Beckwith 2001, Denwood 2002, Tsering 2002 CONSULT THIS ONE). Hackett (2001) has overseen the compiling of a dictionary of words compiled from newspapers. This dictionary contains no words already in Zhang (1985), and is intended to serve as a supplement to it. Many quotations are provided but there are unfortunately not cited. A better quality, but smaller lexicon of newspaper terms can be found in the reader of Sedláček (1972).

[edit] Spoken Tibetan Languages

[edit] Western Dialects

[edit] Balti

Some early word lists for Balti include Vigne (1842), Austen (1866:PAGES), and Jäschke (1881: PAGES).

[edit] Balti Grammars

Bielmeier, Roland (1985). REVIEWED BY SPRIGG AND KVAERNE READ, SPRIGG

Lobsang, Ghulam Hassan (1995)

[edit] Balti Dictionaries

Sprigg (2002)

[edit] Ladakhi

[edit] Phonology

Miller (1956), Koshal (1976)

[edit] Texts

A Tibetan script Ladakhi text is Francke (DATE 2000).

[edit] Grammars

Grammars of Ladakhi include Francke (DATE 1979), Koshal (1979, 1982), Norman (2001). Tournadre (1996) and Zeisler (2004) treat specific topics in Ladakhi grammar.

[edit] Dictionaries

Sandberg (1894) includes a long vocabulary of Ladakhi words. Dicionaries of Ladakhi include Ramsay (DATE), Norberg-Hodge and Paldan (199?) and Hamid (1998). Rebecca Norman is compiling a Ladakhi dictionary which will exceed all previous efforts in scope.

Works dealing with social linguistics include Zeisler (2006). Works that I have to read before evaluating include Dey (1975) and Koshal (1990).

[edit] Purik

Bailey (1920: PAGES), short grammar, text and vocabulary.

[edit] Central Tibetan

Bell (1904), Roerich and Phuntshok, Amundsen, Sandberg

A number of works treat 'Central Tibetan' without referring more specifically to dialect. Grammars of 'Central Tibetan include Sandberg (1894), and Roerich and Phuntshok (1957) both of which include fairly extensive vocabularies.

Grammars of more specific Central Tibetan dialects include Skyid-grong (Huber 2005), Dingri (Hermann 1989), Western Drokpa (Kretschmar 1986), Southern Mustang (Kretschmar 1995), and Shigatse (Jin Peng 1958, Haller 2000).

A discussion of the phonemes of Dbu-gtsang dialect is found in P. Miller (1951).

[edit] Lhasa

[edit] Handbooks and Manuals

Early handbooks include Lewin (1879), Sandberg (1894), and Bell (1905). It is not really clear that Lewin is describing Lhasa dialect.

A good discussion of the previous literature is in Haller's Shigatse grammar, which would almost be worth just translating here.

Handbooks and Manuals include thos of the Changs, Goldstein and Nornang (1970), working with one of the same informants. Hu Tan (1989), which is very popular in China. Recently, and popular in Europe and North America is Tournadre and Dorje (2003).

[edit] Grammars

Kitamura (1977) has a short grammar. Hoshi M. also has a grammar. There is a longer grammar in Chinese by Wang Zhi.

[edit] Phonology

The phonology of Lhasa dialect, in particular the analysis of tone has been rather controversial. Sprigg (1955, 1961, 1993).

Chang and Chang Sprigg Chao, Jin Peng (1958) treats mostly phonology. He summers from the Chinese obsetion of giving the "same" sentence in several dialects. Zhou Li (1986) teaches how to read Tibetan script in the pronunciation of Lhasa. His description of phonology closely matches that of Tournadre, with a more detailed treatment of tone and tone sandhi.

[edit] Ergativity

Tournadre (1996) an article by the Changs.

[edit] Verbal System

Delancey has treated the auxiliary system of Lhasa and Modern Standard Tibetan in a number of papers. In particular he has written about the use of the morpheme '’dug to express information new to the speaker, i.e. the admirative, called 'mirative' by DeLancey. Most researchers (e.g. Tournadre, Volkart) see 'dug instead as showing visually witnessed information. Hongladarom (1994) traces the history of this morpheme, and argues (incorrectly in my opinion) that the meaning which DeLancey refers to is quite recent. Yukawa (1966) also discusses the meaning of this morpheme but I have not yet read her paper. Jin (1979).

Hoshi I. (1994) discusses the temporal and aspectual uses of the V-ki-yod, etc. construction.

[edit] Texts

There is a collection of texts by Chang and Chang and quite a series by Michiyo Hoshi.

[edit] Bhutia

Sandberg 1895

[edit] Amdo Tibetan

[edit] Early Word lists

(Prževal'skij 1875: 259) (Széchenyi 1898, vol. 3: 421)

Sbra-nag (Grum-Gržimajlo 1899: 419, cf. Kara 1984)

[edit] Standard Amdo

(Dṅos grub 1989) Various things by Hua Kan, also that textbook by Kevin Stuart, Karl Peet et al.

[edit] Amdo Sherpa

(Nagano 1980)

[edit] Reb-goṅ

(Gō 1954, cf. Stein 1955) (de Roerich 1958)

[edit] Mdzo-dge-sde-pa

(Sun 1986)

[edit] A-mchog

(Wu 1982)

[edit] Źo-ṅu

(Sun 2003)

[edit] Mgo-log

(de Roerich 1958) (Sprigg 1987)

[edit] Khams Tibetan

The language of Qoqonor, Sbatang, and Tsarong in Rockhill (1891: 361-370).

Chab mdo (Needham 1886, Jin Peng 1958)

Khams (Jäschke 1881: xvi-xvii)

Khams (de Roerich 1958)

Khams, Dar-rtse-mdo 1 (Migot 1957)

Khams, Dar-rtse-mdo 2 (Migot 1957)

Khams, Rtaḥu (Migot 1957)

Khams, Dkar-mdzes (Migot 1957)

Khams, Sde-dge (Migot 1957)

Khams, Nangchen (Causemann 1989)

[edit] References

[edit] Angelini, Pietro

• (1994). Leggere il Tibet: bibliografia italiana del paese delle nevi, 1624-1993. Bologna: Il Nove.

[edit] Amundsen, Edward

• (1903). Primer of Standard Tibetan. Ghoom: The Scand. All. Tibetan Mission Press.

[edit] Andersen, Paul Kent.

• (1987) “Zero-anaphora and related phenomena in Classical Tibetan.” Studies in Language, 11: 279-312.

[edit] Andvik, Erik

• (1999). Tshangla Grammar. Ph.D. Thesis University of Oregon.

[edit] Aschoff, Jürgen C.

• (1992). Nepal und der Kulturraum des Himalaya: (mit Ladakh, Sikkim und Bhutan): Kommentierte Bibliographie deutschsprachiger Bücher und Aufsätze 1627 bis 1990 (Aufsätze bis zum Jahre 1900). Dietikon: Garuda-Verlag.

[edit] Aubin, Françoise

• (1993). Ecrits récents sur le Tibet et les Tibétains: bibliographie commentée. Paris: Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, Centre d’études et de recherches internationales.

[edit] Austen, H. H. G.

• (1866). "A Vocabulary of English, Balti and Kashmiri." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 35: 233.

[edit] Babinger, F.

• (1920). “Isaak Jakob Schmidt 1779-1847, Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Tibetforschung.” Festschrift für Friedrich Hirth zu seinem 75. Geburtstag, 16, April 1920. Berlin: PUBLISHER, 7-21.

[edit] Bailey, T. Grahame

• (1920). Linguistic Studies from the Himalayas. (Asiatic Society Monographs 18) London: Royal Asiatic Society.

[edit] Barnett, L. D.

• (1946). Review of Gould and Richardson (1943). Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 11: 445-446.

[edit] Beckwith, Christopher I.

• (1994). "Tibetan language reform: History and future." Language reform: History and future. Ed by I. Fodor and C. Hagege. Vol. VI. Hamburg: Helmut Buske: 73–84.
• (1996). "The Morphological Argument for the Existence of Sino-Tibetan." Pan-Asiatic Linguistics: Proceeings of the Fourth International Symposium on Languages and Linguistics, January 8th-10th, 1996. Vol 3. Bangkock: Institute of Language and Culture for Rural Development Mahidol University at Salaya: 812-826.
• and Michael Walter. (1997). “Some Indo-European Elements in Early Tibetan Culture.” Ernst Steinkellner (ed.), Tibetan Studies: Proceedings of the 7th Seminar of the International Assocaition for Tibetan Studies, Graz 1995. Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, Denkschriften, 256. Band. Vol II. Vienna: Östereichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. 1037-1055.
• (2001). Review of Goldstein 2001. Anthropological Linguisitcs 43.3: 396-399.
• (2006). “The Sonority Sequencing Principle and Old Tibetan Syllable Margins.” Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages II. Leiden: Brill, 45-57.

[edit] Behr, Wolfgang

• (1994). [Review of Beyer 1992] Oriens 34: 557-563.

[edit] Bell, Charles

• Bell, Charles (1905). Manual of Colloquial Tibetan. Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press.

[edit] Benedict, Paul

• Benedict, Paul (1972). Sino-Tibetan: A Conspectus. Cambridge: at the University Press. [reviewed: Bodman, N. (1975), Chang, K. (1973), Coblin, W. S. (1972-3), Haudricourt, A (1973), Lehman, F. K (1975), Matisoff, J. (1975), Miller, R. A. (1974), Sedláček, K. (1974), Sprigg, R. K. (1973)]

[edit] Beyer, Stephan V.

• Beyer, Stephen (1992). The Classical Tibetan language. New York: State University of New York. Reprint 1993, (Bibliotheca Indo-Buddhica series, 116.) Delhi: Sri Satguru.

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• Bielmeier, Roland (1988). "The Reconstruction of the Stop Series and the Verbal System in Tibetan". Languages and History in East Asia: Festschrift for Tatsuo Nishida on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday: 15-27.

• Bielmeier, Roland (1982). "Problems of Tibetan dialectology and language history with special reference to the sKyid-grong dialect". Zentralasiatische Studien 16: 405-25.

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• (1975). (review of Benedict 1972) Linguistics: An International Review 149: 89-97.

[edit] Bkra shis bzang po

• (1999). bod rgya tshig mdzod chen mo yi tshad ma'i skor la dpyad pa [Comments on Tshad ma in the Bod rgya tshig mdzod chen mo] Chengdu: dar thang bshad grwa.

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• (1989). Bhutanese newspaper reader. Wheaton, MD : Dunwoody Press.

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• (1989). Dialekt und Erzählungen der Nangchenpas. (Beiträge zur tibetischen Erzählforschung 11.) Bonn: VGH Wissenschaftsverlag.

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• (1973). (review of Benedict 1972). Journal of Asian Studies 32: 335-337.

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• 1964. A Manual of Spoken Tibetan (Lhasa Dialect). Seattle: University of Washington Press

• 1965. "A Morphophonemic Problem in the Spoken Tibetan of Lhasa". Journal of the American Oriental Society 85/1: 34-39."

• 1967. "Spoken Tibetan Morphophonemics: p." Language 43/2.1: 512-525

• 1969. “Vowel harmony in spoken Lhasa Tibetan.” Lishi Yanjiusuo Jikan 40: 53–124.

• 1978 Spoken Tibetan texts. Vol. II. (Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, special publications, 74.) Taipei: Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica.

• 1980. “Ergativity in Spoken Tibetan.” Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica 51/1:15-32

• 1980 (?). “Perfective and imperfective in Spoken Tibetan.” Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica 52/2:303-21

• 1981 Spoken Tibetan texts. Vol. IV. (Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, special publications, 74.) Taipei: Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica.

• 1984. “The certainty hierarchy among Spoken Tibetan verbs of being.” Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica 55.4: 603–635.

• 1984. “The Spoken Tibetn verb kap”. L. Ligeti (ed.), Tibetan and Budhist Studies Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the Birth of Alexander Csoma de Körös. Budapest: Akadémia Kiadó. Vol I. 131-142

• 1993. “Tense and aspect in spoken Tibetan.” In: Ernst Steinkellner and Helmut Tauscher (eds.), Contributions on Tibetan language, history, and culture. Proceedings of the Csoma de Kőrös Symposium held at Velm-Vienna, Austria, 13–19 September 1981. Vol. I. (Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde 10.) Wien: Arbeitskreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien Universität Wien: 329–37.

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• (1981) “從gcig談起—關於古藏語聲母中清塞音、塞擦音送氣和不送氣問題 Cong gcig tanqi – guanyu gu Zangyu shengmu zhong qingseyin secayin songqi he bu songqi wenti [Starting from gcig: concerning the aspiration of initials of voiceless plosives in Ancient Tibetan.]” 民族語文 Minzu Yuwen 2: 36-39.

• (1984). "古藏語裏有复合元音嗎 Gu Zangyu li you fuhe yuanyin ma?" [Did Old Tibetan have diphthongs?]. 中央民族學院學報Zhongyang Minzu Xueyuan Xuebao 3: 102-105.

• (1990). “Certain phonetic changes in Tibetan in the light of variant and erroneous spellings in Old Tibetan documents of the Royal period.” Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 13/1:1-10

• (1991). "On certain Tibetan and Chinese phonological questions of the medieval period" Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 14: 65-92

• (1992). “A preliminary discussion of subject marking (byed-sgra) in Lhasa Tibetan.” Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 15.1: 53–63.

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• (1976). “Notes on Tibetan verbal morphology.” T'oung Pao 52. 1-3: 45-60.
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• (1968). An Introduction to Central Monpa. Shilong: North-East Frontier Agency.

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• (1975). “Echo-word constructions with special reference to Ladakhi.” Indian Journal of Linguistics 2: 92–98.

[edit] Chos kyi grags pa

• (1946). brda dag ming tshig gsal ba bzhugs, Lhasa: privately printed by Hur kang bsod nam dpel bar, 1950; reprinted Beijing: Minzu Chubanshe / mi rigs dpe skrun khang 1957; Dharamsala: Damchoe Sangpo, 1980; (electronic edition) Kathmandu: Tibetan Computer Company, 2000. Translated into Chinese as 格西曲札藏文辭典 Gexi Quzha Zangwen cidian, Beijing: 民族出版社 Minzu chubanshe, 1957; reprinted: Tokyo: 西藏佛教研究会；発売所山喜房仏書林 Chibetto Bukkyō Kenkyūkai; hatsubaijo Sankibō Busshorin. 昭和 Shōwa 47 [=1972]).

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• (1902). A Tibetan English Dictionary: with Sanskrit Synonyms. Eds. Graham Sandberg and A. William *Hyde. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Book Depôt: reprints include Tokyo: Risen Book Company, 1988; New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1995. SOME REVEIEWS ARE MENTIONED BY SIMON

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• (1944). Review of Gould and Richardson (1943). Language 20: 174-175.

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• (1995). (review of Verhagen 1994). Central Asiatic Journal 39.2: 14-16.

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• 1985. Zangyu Batanghua de yuyin fenxi [An analysis of the phonology of ’Ba’-thang Tibetan]. Minzu Yuwen 1985.2:16-27.

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• (1956). Dictionaire française-tibétain. Paris: Adrien-Maisonneuve, 1956.

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• (1975) . Tibetan-English Dictionary of Modern Tibetan. (Bibliotheca Himalayica, Series II, Vol. 7.). Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak Bhandar.
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• (2004). “Compte rendu.” (Review of Paul G. Hackett, A Tibetan Verb Lexicon. Ithaca: Snow Lion, 2003.) Revue d'Etudes Tibétaines 6: 78-98.

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• (2006) 'Tibetan vwa ‘fox’ and the sound change Tibeto-Burman *wa -> Old Tibetan o.' Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, 29 (2). pp. 75-90.

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• (1994). "Historical Development of the Tibetan Evidential tuu". Current Issues in Sino-Tibetan Linguistics. Kitamura Hajime et al. eds. Osaka: The Organizing Committee, the 26the International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics. 673-684.

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• (1983). "Anduo Zangyu shengmu de jizhong teshu bianhua" [Several special sound changes of Amdo Tibetan initials]. 民族語文 Minzu Yuwen 1983.3:43-46.

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• Hua, Kan (華侃), and Duozangta (朵藏他). 1997. Zangyu Songpanhua de yinxi han yuyin de lishi yanbian [Sound system of Songpan Tibetan and its historical development]. Zhongguo Zangxue 29.2:134-44.

• Hua, Kan (華侃), and Longbojia (龍博甲). 1993. Anduo Zangyu Kouyu Cidian [A Dictionary of Spoken Amdo Tibetan]. Lanzhou: Gansu Minzu Press.

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• (1987). A Sharchok Vocabulary: A Language Spoken in Eastern Bhutan. (Integral Study on the Ecology, Languages and Cultures of Tibet and Himalayas 8). Tokyo: The Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa.

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• (1983) “十二、十三世紀藏語(衛藏)聲母探討 shier, shisan shiji zangyu (weicang) shengmu tantao [An investigation of consonant initials of (dBus-gTsang) Tibetan of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.” 民族語文 Minzu Yuwen 1983.3:33-42.
• Huang, Bufan (黃布凡). 1983. An investigation of consonant initials of (dBus-gTsang) Tibetan of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. 民族語文 Minzu Yuwen 1983.3:33-42.
• Huang, Bufan (黃布凡). 1995. Conditions for tonogenesis and tone split in Tibetan dialects. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 18.1:43-62.
• Huang, Bufan (黃布凡), Suonan Jiangcai (索南江才), and Zhang Minghui (張明慧). 1994. Yushu Zangyu de yuyin tedian han lishi yanbian guilü [Characteristics in Yushu Tibetan phonology and its rules of historical change]. 中國藏學 Zhongguo Zhangxue 26.2:111-134.
• Huang, Bufan (黃布凡), and Zhang Minghui (張明慧). 1995. Baimahua zhishu wenti yanjiu [On the linguistic position of Baima]. 中國藏學 Zhongguo Zhangxue 2:79-118.

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• (2005). The Tibetan Dialect of Lende (Kyirong). (Beiträge zur tibetische Erzählforschung 15). Bonn: VGH Wissenschaftsverlag.

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• Hyslop, G., (2008a). Kurtöp phonology in the context of Northeast India. In: Morey, S., Post, M. (Eds.), North East Indian Linguistics 1: Papers from the First International Conference of the North East Indian Linguistic Society. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 3–25.
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• (1954). チベット古典文法学 Chibettogo koten bunpōgaku. 京都 Kyōto, 法増刊Hōzōkan.

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• (1865) A short practical grammar of the Tibetan language. London, Hardinge Simpole, 1865, ©2004. (Reproduced from manuscript copy. " ... contains a facsimile of the original publication in manuscript, the first printed version of 1883, and the later Addenda published with the Third Edition."--P. [4] of cover. First edition published in Kye-Lang in Brit. Lahoul by the author, in manuscript, in 1865. Cambridge Grammar series, 1 ISBN 1843820773)
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• (1956). 藏文動詞屈折形態在現代拉薩話裏衍變的情況 “Zangwen dongci quzhe xingtai zai xiandai lasayu li yanbian de qingkuang [Verbal Inflexion in Classical Tibetan and Present-day Lhasa Dialect].” 硏究語言研究 Yuyan Yanjiu 25-39.
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• (1977). Tibetan (Lhasa dialect). (Asian and African Grammatical Manual 12z). Tokyo: Ajia Afurika gengo bunka kenkyūjo.

[edit] de Kőrös, Alexander Csoma [= Kőrösi Csoma, Sándor] with Sangs rgyas Phun tshogs

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• (1976). Ladakhi phonetic reader. (Central Institute of Indian Languages phonetic reader series, 18.) Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages.
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• (1990). “The Ladakhi language and its regional perspectives.” Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 44: 13–22.

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• with John B. Lowe (1994). Bibliography of the International Conferences on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics I-XXV. Berkeley: Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus Project, Center for Southeast Asia Studies, University of California, 1994.

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• (1915). “Bird Divination Among the Tibetans” T’oung Pao 15: 1- 110; reprinted in Sino-Tibetan Studies: selected papers on the art, folklore, history linguistics and prehistory of sciences in China and Tibet. 2 vols. Delhi: Rakesh Goel, 1987: 354-463.

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• and W. South Coblin (1987). A Study of the old Tibetan inscriptions. (Special Publications 91). Taipei: Academia Sinica.

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• “The phonemes of Tibetan (U-Tsang dialect) with a practical orthography for Tibetan-speaking readers.” Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Letters 17.3: 191-216.

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• (1955). “The Independent Status of Lhasa Dialect within Central Tibet.” Orbis: Bulletin international de documentation linguistique 4.1: PAGES.
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[edit] Mimaki, Katsumi

• (1990). “Dbus pa blo gsal no ‘Shin Kyuu Goi Shu’ –Kōteibon Shokō / A Fourteenth-Century Tibetan Lexicographical Work, the brDa gsar rnying gi rnam par dbye ba by dBus pa blo gsal.” Asian Languages and General Linguistics, Festschrift for Prof. Tatsuo Nishida on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Tokyo: 17-54.
• (1992). “Index to two brda gsar rnying treatises: the works of dbus pa blo gsal and lCang skya Rol pa’i rdo rje” 成田山仏敎硏究所紀要 Naritasan Bukkyō Kenkyūjo kiyō 15: 479-503).

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• (1994). "On a WT instrumental particle, -kyis ---Ergative marker, adverbializer and/or something else?" Current Issues in Sino-Tibetan Linguistics. Kitamura Hajime et al. eds. Osaka: The Organizing Committee, the 26the International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics. 716-720.

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• (2001). New research on Zhangzhung and related Himalayan languages. (Senri ethnological reports 19, Bon studies 3). Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology.

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• (1977)."Hilfs- und Modalverben". Die aus dem chinesichen Übersetzten Tibetischen Versionen des Suvarṇaprabhāsasūtra. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag GmbH: 359-414.

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• (1985). A corpus of early Tibetan inscriptions. (James G. Forlong series 29). London: Royal Asiatic Society.

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• (1933). Dialects of Tibet: The Tibetan Dialect of Lahul. (Tibetica 1) New York: Urusvati Himalayan Research Institute of Roerich Museum.
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• with Tse-Trung Lopsang Phuntshok (1957). Textbook of colloquial Tibetian: dialect of central Tibet. Calcutta: Govt. of West Bengal, Education Dept., Education Bureau.

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• (1871) "Vokabular fragmente ost-tibetischer Dialekte." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 51: 524-531.

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[edit] Sadakane Ayako (貞兼綾子)

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• (1894). Hand-book of colloquial Tibetan. A practical guide to the language of Central Tibet. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and co.
• (1985). Manual of the Sikkim Bhutia Language or Déjongké. Westminster: Archibald Constable and co.

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[edit] Schmidt, Iakov Ivanovich

• (1841). Tibetisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, nebst deutschem Wortregister. St. Petersburg: Kaiserlichen akademie der wissenschaften..

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• (1957). Bibliography of Sino-Tibetan Languages. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
• (1966-????). Introduction to Sino-Tibetan. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. [reviewed by Miller ???]

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• (1941). “Certain Tibetan suffixes and their combinations.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 5:388-89
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• (1956). "Tibetan "so" and Chinese "ya" 'Tooth'." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 18/3:512-13
• (1957). “Tibetan gseb and cognate words.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 20:523-32
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• (1966). “Tibetan nyin-rans and tho-rangs.” Asia Major 12:179-84
• (1967). “The Tibetan particle re.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 30:117-26
• Simon, Walter 1968 “Tibetan re in its wider context.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 31:555-62
• (1969). “Cognates of Tibetan rnangs-pa (‘entire, complete’).” Academica Sinica: Bulletin of the Insitute of Hisotry and Philology 39:287-9
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• (1979). “Tibetan stes, stes-te, etc. and some of the Sanskrit correspondences.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 42:334-6
• (1980). "Some Tibetan Etymologies of Semantic Interest." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 43/1: 132-36

[edit] Sprigg, Richard Keith

• (1954a). "Verbal Phrases in Lhasa Tibetan—I". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 16.1:134-156.
• (1954b) "Verbal Phrases in Lhasa Tibetan--II". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 16.2:320-350.
• (1954c). "Verbal Phrases in Lhasa Tibetan--III". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 16.3:566-591.
• (1955). "The Tonal System of Tibetan (Lhasa Dialect) and the Nominal Phrase." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 17.1:133-153.
• (1961). "Vowel harmony in Lhasa Tibetan, prosodic analysis applied to interrelated vocalic features of successive syllables." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 24: 116–138.
• (1966a). "Lepcha and Balti Tibetan, tonal or non tonal." Asia Major 12: 185–201.
• (1966b). “Phonological formulae for the verb in Limbu as a contribution to Tibeto-Burman comparison.” In: Charles Ernest Bazel et al. (eds.): In memory of J.R. Firth. London: Longmans:431-53
• (1967). “Balti-Tibetan Verb Syllable Finals and a Prosodic Analysis.” Asia Major 13:187-210
• (1968). "The role of 'R' in the development of the modern spoken Tibetan dialects." Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 21.3. 301-311
• (1970). “Vyajñanabhakti, and irregularities in the Tibetan Verb.” Bulletin of Tibetology 7.2: 5-20
• (1972). "Assimilation, and the definite nominal particle in Balti Tibetan." Bulletin of Tibetology 9.2: 5–19.
• (1972). "A Polysystemic Approach, in Proto-Tibetan Reconstruction, to Tone and Syllable-Initial Consonant Clusters". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 35.3: 546-587.
• (1973). (review of Benedict 1972). Asia Major 19.1: 100-106.]
• (1974). "The main features of the Tibetan dialect." Bulletin of Tibetology 11.1: 11–15.
• (1979). “The Golok dialect and Written Tibetan past-tense verb forms”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 42:53-60
• (1980). “‘Vocalic alternation’ in Balti, the Lhasa, and the Sherpa verb, as a guide to alternation in Written Tibetan, and to Proto-Tibetan Reconstruction”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 43:110-122
• (1980). "Vowel harmony in noun-and-particle words in the Tibetan of Baltistan." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 43: 511–519/AOH 34: 235–43.
• (1981). “The Chang-Shefts tonal analysis, and the pitch variation of the Lhasa Tibetan tones.” Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 6.1:49-60
• (1987). “‘Rhinoglottophilia’ revisited: observations on ‘the mysterious connection between nasality and glottality.’” Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 10.1. 44-62.
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• (2001). Bod dbyin tshig mdzod chen mo / An Encylopaedic Tibetan-Egnlish Dictionary. Volume One ka-nya. Beijing: mi rigs dpe skrun khang dang shar phyogs dang a hphi ri kha’i zhes rig slob gling / The Nationalities Publishing House and The school of Oriental and African Studies.

[edit] Steward, FIRST NAME

• (1947). Review of Gould and Richardson (1943). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society: 108-109.

[edit] Sun, Jackson T. S.(孫天心)

• (1984). Review of Melvyn C. Goldstein. English-Tibetan dictionary of modern Tibetan. 《漢學研究通訊》. 4.3:189-90. Los Angeles, University of California Press.
• 1987. 〈談安多藏語方言若兒蓋話的一種語音現象〉. 《西藏研究會訊》. 3.
• 1993. Evidentials in Amdo Tibetan. Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology. 63.4: 143-188.
• 1997. Typology of tone in Tibetan. Chinese languages and linguistics IV: Typological studies of languages in China; Symposium series of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica; Number 2. Nankang, Taipei: Academia Sinica. 孫天心. 1990. 〈中印邊界「麥克馬洪」地區的民族及語言〉. 《西藏研究論文集－3》. 19-36. 台北：西藏研究委
• 2003 〈求吉藏語的語音特徵〉. 《民族語文》. 2003.6: 1-6.
• 2003. "Phonological profile of Zhongu: A new Tibetan dialect of Northern Sichuan." Language and Linguistics. 4.4: 769-836.
• 2003. Variegated tonal developments in Tibetan. Language Variation: Papers on variation and change in the Sinosphere and in the Indosphere in honour of James A. Matisoff. Pacific Linguistics. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, ANU.
• Sun, Jackson T. S (孫天心) 2004. 〈草登嘉戎語的狀貌詞〉. 《民族語文》2004. 5: 1-11.
• Sun, Jackson T. S (孫天心) 2005. 〈嘉戎語組語言的音高：兩個個案研究〉. 《語言研究》. 25.1: 50-59.
• Sun, Jackson T. S (孫天心) 2006. 〈草登嘉戎語的關係句〉. Language and Linguistics. 7.4: 905-933.
• Sun, Jackson T. S (孫天心) 2006. 〈嘉戎語動詞的派生形態〉. 《民族語文》. 2006.4: 3-14.
• Sun, Jackson T. S. 2006. Special Linguistic features of gSerpa Tibetan. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman area. 29.107-125.
• Sun, Jackson T. S (孫天心) 2007. 〈藏緬語的調查〉. 《語言學論叢》.
• (2007). “Perfective stem renovation in Khalong Tibetan.” Linguistics of the Himalayas and Beyond. Mouton de Gruyter.

[edit] Suo Wenqing (索文清)

• (1999). チベット研究文献目錄 Chibetto kenkyū bunken mokuroku [Bibliography of Tibetan studies 1945-1999 ]. Tokyo: 風響社 Fūkyōsha.

[edit] Takeuchi Tsuguhito

• (1995). Old Tibetan Contracts from Central Asia. Tokyo: Daizo Shuppan.
• (1997-1998). Old Tibetan manuscripts from East Turkestan in the Stein Collection of the British Library. (Bibliotheca codicum Asiaticorum 11-12). Tokyo: The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko; and London: British Library.

[edit] Taube, Manfred

• (1978). “Zu einige Texten der tibetischen brda-gsar-rnying-Literatur.” Asienwissenschaftliche Beiträge: *Johannes Schubert in memoriam. eds. Eberhardt Richter and Manfred Taube. Veröffentlichungen des Museums für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig, 32. Berlin: Akademie Verlag: 169-201 DOUBLE CHECK CITATION

[edit] Tharchin, G. Rev.

• (1968) The English Tibetan Hindi Pocket-Dictionary. Revised and Reprinted by the Author at the Tibet Mirror Press, Kalimpong, West Bengal.

[edit] Thomas, Frederick William

• (1935-1965).Tibetan literary texts and documents concerning Chinese Turkestan. (Oriental transation fund Publication. New series 32, 37, 40, 41). London: The Royal Asiatic Society.

[edit] Tillemans, Tom

• (review of Verhagen 2001). Asiatische Studien / Etudes asiatiques 57.1, (2003) : 213-235]

[edit] Tournadre, Nicolas

• (1996). L'ergativité en tibétain : approche morphosyntaxique de la langue parlée. Paris: Peeters

[edit] Tsan chung

• (1979). Dag yig gsar sgrigs. Xining: mtsho sngon mi rigs dpe skrun khang 1979, 1994, 1999, 2001.

[edit] Tshe dbang rnam rgyal

• (1958) Dag yig ma nor lam bzang, Beijing, mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 1958; 1997).

[edit] Tsering, Dhondup

• (2002). Review of Goldstein 2001. The Tibet Journal 26.3-4: 210-211.

[edit] Uray, Géza

• (1952). "A Tibetan diminutive suffix." Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 2:182-220
• (1953). “Some problems of the ancient Tibetan verbal morphology: methodological observations on recent studies.” Acta Linguistica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae: 37-62.
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[edit] Verhagen, Pieter

• (1994). A History of Sanskrit Grammatical Literature in Tibet. volume1: Transmission of the Canonical Literature. (Handbuch der Orientalistik. Ab 2. vol 8). Leiden: Brill. [reviewd Eimer, Helmut (1995)]
• (2001). A History of Sanskrit Grammatical Literature in Tibet. volume 2: Assimilation into Indigenous Scholarship. (Handbuch der Orientalistik. Ab 2. vol 8.) Leiden: Brill. [reviewed, Tillemans, Tom (2003)]

[edit] Vigne, Godfrey Thomas

• (1842). Travels in Kashmir, Ladak, Iskardo, the countries Adjoining the Mountain-course of the Indus and the Himalaya, North of the Panjab. London: Henry Colburn. vol 2, p. 434-435.

[edit] Wen Yu

• (1947) "Phonetic Changes of the Superadded and Prefixed Letters in Eastern Tibetan Dialects." Studia Serica 5: 1-22.

[edit] Wilhelm, Friedrich

• (1962). “Ein Beitrag zur tibetischen Lexikographie.” Central Asiatic Journal 7: 212-225.

[edit] Wylie, Turrell V.

• (1980). Review of Goldstein 1975. The Journal of Asian Studies 40.1: 123-124.

[edit] Yukawa Yasutosi 湯川泰敏

• (1966). "チベット語のduuの意味 Chibettogo no duu no imi [The meaning of Tibetan duu.]" 言語研究　Gengo Kenkyū 49: 77-84.
• (1971) "チベット語の述部の輪郭 Chibettogo no jutsubu no ringaku [Outline of Tibetan Predicates]" 言語学の基本問題 Basic problems in linguistics. 178-204. 大修館　Taishūkan
• (1975) チベット語の述語 Chibettogo no jutsugo [The Predicates of Tibetan] Asian & African Linguistics. 4: 1-14. Tokyo: ILCAA.

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• (2006). Synchronic and Diachronic Phonology of the Tibetan Dialect of Kargil. Master's Thesis, Bern.

[edit] Zeisler, Bettina

• (2004). Relative tense and aspectual values in Tibetan languages: a comparative study. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
• (2006). “Why Ladakhi must not be written – Being part of the great tradition: Another kind of global thinking.” Anju Saxen & Lars Borin (eds.), Lesser-Known Languages of South Asia. Status and Policies, Case Studies and Applications of Information Technology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 175-94.

[edit] Zhang Yisun / Krang dpyi sun

• (1985). Bod rgya tshig mdzod chen mo / Zhang Han Da Cidian. Beijing: Mi rigs dpe skrun kang / Minzu Chubanshe, 1985, 1993, 2000.

[edit] Zhou Li

• (1986) Bod yig gi sgra sbyor slob deb: Lha sa'i skad / 藏文拼音教材Zangwen-pinyin-jiaocai. Beijing: Minzu Chubanshe.

Choix III 1990: Yoshiro Imaeda and Tsuguhito Takeuchi, Choix de documents tibétains conservés à la Bibliothèque nationale, Tome III, Corpus syllabique. Paris: Bibliothèque nationale. Choix IV 2001: Yoshiro Imaeda, Tsuguhito Takeuchi, Izumi Hoshi, Yoshimichi Ohara and Iwao Ishikawa, Choix de documents tibétains conservés à la Bibliothèque nationale, Tome IV, Corpus syllabique, Tokyo: ILCAA, Université des Langues Étrangères de Tokyo.

Franke, Herbert, ed. (2005-). Wörterbuch der tibetischen Schriftsprache. Munich: Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Kommission beim Verlag C. H. Beck.

Miller, Roy Andrew (1994). "A New Grammar of Written Tibetan." [Review of Beyer 1992]. Journal of the American Oriental Society 114.1: 67-76.

Ngag dbang tshul khrims 1997. Brda dkrol gsel gyi me long. Beijing: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang.

Richardson, Hugh (1985). A Corpus of Early Tibetan Inscriptions. (James G. Forlong series 29). London: Royal Asiatic Society.

Sagart, Laurent (2006). [Review of Matisoff 2003] Diachronica 23.1: 206-223

Schiefner, Anton (1852). "Tibetischen Studien" Mélanges asiatiques tirés du Bulletin de l’Académie impériale des sciences de St.-Pétersboug 1: 324-394.

Schroeter, Rev. Frederic Christian Gotthelf 1826. A Dictionary of the Bhotanta or Boutan Language. Serampore.

Simon, Walter (1964). "Tibetan Lexicography and Etymological Research." Transactions of the Philological Society : 85-107.

Snellgrove, David (1954). (review of Marcelle Lalou's) “Manuel elementaire de tibétain classique.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 16.1: 198-199.

Sprigg, Richard Keith (1968). “The role of ‘R’ in the development of the modern spoken Tibetan dialects” Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 21.3. 301-311.

Sprigg, Richard Keith (1974). (Review of James A. Matisoff's) “The Loloish Tonal Split Revisited.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 37.1: 259-262.

Sprigg, Richard Keith (2002). Balti-English English-Balti dictionary. Richmond: RoutledgeCurzon.

Takeuchi Tsuguhito 武内紹人 (1995). Old Tibetan contracts from Central Asia 中央アジア発現古チベット語契約文書, Tōkyō 東京: Daizō shuppan

Takeuchi Tsuguhito (1997-1998). Old Tibetan manuscripts from East Turkestan in the Stein Collection of the British Library. Tokyo and London: The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies for Unesco, The Toyo Bunko, The British Library.

Tournadre, Nicolas. (1996). “Comparaison des systèmes médiatifs de quatre dialectes tibétains (tibétain central, ladakhi, dzongkha et amdo).” Z. Guentchéva (ed.). L’énonciation médiatisée. Louvain_Paris: Peeters (Bibliothèque de l’Information Grammaticale, 34). 195-214

Uray, Géza (1953). “The suffix -e in Tibetan.” Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 3: 229–244.

[Zhongguo zangxue lunwen 1999] 中国藏学论文资料索引 Zhongguo Zangxue lunwen zi liao suoyin. 1872-1995. Beijing : Zhongguo Zangxue chubanshe 中国藏学出版社, 1999.

• [Zhongguo zangxue lunwen 2006] 中国藏学论文资料索引 Zhongguo Zangxue lunwen zi liao suoyin 1996-2004. Beijing : Zhongguo Zangxue chubanshe 中国藏学出版社, 1999.

[Zhongguo zangxue shumu (1994).] 中国藏学书目Zhongguo Zangxue shumu 1949-1991 / Krung-goʾi Bod rig paʾi dpe chaʾi dkar chag, 1949-1991 / Catalogue of Chinese Publications in Tibetan Studies, 1949-1991. Beijing: 外文出版社Waiwen chubanshe 1994.

[Zhongguo zangxue shumu (1997).] 中国藏学书目续编 Zhongguo Zangxue shumu xubian 1992-1995,/ Kruṅ-goʾi Bod rig paʾi dpe chaʾi dkar chag, 1949-1991 / Catalogue of Chinese publications in Tibetan studies, 1992-1995. Beijing : 外文出版社 Waiwen chubanshe, 1997.

[Zhongguo zangxue shumu (2001).] 中国藏学书目三编 Zhongguo Zangxue shumu sanbian (1996-2000). Kruṅ-goʾi Bod rig paʾi dpe chaʾi dkar chag gsar bsgrigs (1996-2000) / Catalogue of Chinese publications in Tibetan studies (1996-2000). Beijing : 外文出版社 Waiwen chubanshe, 2001.

LaPolla, Randy J. “Phonetic Development of Tibetan.” Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman area 11.2 (1988): 93-97.

Hu Tan (1989). “Comparative Sentences in Tibetan.” AOH 43.2-3: 399-408. Review of Inaba in East and West 6.

Delancy, Scott. (1987). "Etymological notes on Tibeto-Burman case particles." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 8. 59-77. E. H. C. Walsh ‘The Tibetan Language and Recent Dictionaries’ JASB 72 (1903/4) p. 65-86. (a review of Das?)

in Die Erforschung des Tocharischen (1960-1984) von Werner Thomas. Franz Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden GMBH, Stuttgart 1985. we have Ivanov, V. V. Tibetskie kal'ki v tocharskich tekstach [Tibetische Lehnwörter /Lehnübersetzunen/ in den tocharischen Texten] KSINA 57 (1961) 35-40. KSINA : Kratkie soobshchenija instituta narodov Azii.

Simonsson, Nils. "Sanskrit na, Tibetan ma yin" Orientalia Suecana 9 (1960): 11-27. Simonsson, Nils. "On the concept of sentence in ancient Indian and tibetan theory and on the function of case particles in Tibetan according to Tibetan Grammarians," Fenno-Ugrica Suecana 5 (1982): 281-291.

Here are some bibliographic notices from Pavel Poucha's "The Tibetan Language as Example of General Validity of Linguistic Laws" Asienwissenschaftliche Beitrage: Johannes Schubert in memoriam. Eds. Eberhardt Richter and Manfred Taube. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1978: 113-122.

A. A. Dragunov, Voiced plosives and affricates in Ancient Tibetan, Acad. Sinica 7, 1936 (:Buletin of the Institute of History and Philology) pp. 165ff. the same, Osobennosti fonologicheskoj sistemy drevnetibetskogo jazyka, Zapiski Inst. vostokovedenija AN SSR, 7, 1939, p. 284ff. J. H. Edgar, The Tibetan Tonal System, G. W. Ch. Border Res. Soc. 5, 1952, pp. 64ff. Robert Shafer, Prefixed n-, ng- in Tibetan, Sino-Tibetica 1, 1938; Prefixed m- in Tibetan, ib. 3, 1938, p. 11ff. The vocalism of Sino-Tibetan, JAOS 60, 1940, p. 302ff., 61, 1941, pp. 18ff., Problems of Sino-Tibetan phonetics, JAOS, 70, 1950 pp. 96ff. Phonétique comparée de quelques préfixes simples en sino-tibétain, BSL. 46, 1950, pp. 144ff. and other works of this author mentioned in this Bibliography of Sino-Tibetan Languages, Wiesbaden 1957. Further W. Simon, Certain Tibetan suffixes and their combinations, HJAS. 5, 1940, pp. 372ff., The Range of sound alternations in Tibetan word families, AM. Ser. 2, vol. 1, 1949, pp. 3ff. Rolf Stein, Notes d'etymologie tibétaine, BEFEO, 41, 1941. fasc. 2 pp. 203ff. Geza Uray, Some problems of the ancient Tibetan verbal morphology, methodical observations on recent studeis, Acta Linguistica 3, Budapest 1953, pp. 37ff. Stuart N. Wolfenden, The prefix m- with certain substantives in Tibetan, Language 4, 1928 pp. 277ff. Significance of early Tibetan wordforms, JRAS, 1928, pp. 896ff. To the B. Laufer's Loan-Words in Tibetan, T'oung Pao 1916, pp. 403ff. there is a supplement by the same authors Sino-Iranica, Chinese contruibutions to the History of Civilization in Ancient Iran, Chicao 1919, in the chapter "Additional notes on loan words in Tibetan" pp. 591ff. A contribution to the development of Tibetan is also the stud by Chin P'eng, Verbal Inflection in Classical Tibetan and Present-day Lhasa Dialect, Linguistic researches, 1, 1958, pp. 169ff.

Zhang Liansheng. “A quantative study of the Preservation in Modern Tibetan of Ancient Tibetan Final stop *-k.” Tibetan Studies: Proceedings of the 4th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies Schloss Hohenkammer — Munich 1985. Helga Uebach and Jampa L. Panglung, eds. (Studia Tibetica 2). Munich: Kommission für Zentralasiatische Studien Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1988: 567-582.

Bielmeier, Roland. “On Tone in Tibetan.” Tibetan Studies: Proceedings of the 4th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies Schloss Hohenkammer — Munich 1985. Helga Uebach and Jampa L. Panglung, eds. (Studia Tibetica 2). Munich: Kommission für Zentralasiatische Studien Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1988: 43-54.