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Manchu/Lesson 10 - Postpositions

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Dialogue

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  1. niyalma tome emte cuse mooi xusihe weilefi, meimeni hala gebu be arafi emu sibiyai dobton de tebumbi, kadalara xusai sibiyai dobton gajifi acinggiyame, terei dorgi ci emke be tatambi, tatahangge we oci uthai xejilebumbi, xejilehengge sain oci sefu guwebure bithe emke be bumbi, tere guwebure bithe de ilan moo tantara be guwebu seme arambi, geli terei ninggude temgetu hergen arambi, aikabade xejileme muterakv ohode, guwebure bithe tucibufi tatame waliyafi, nenehe xanggan be weile de fangkabume tantabure be guwebumbi, aikabade guwebure bithe akv oci, urunakv ilan moo tantabure be alimbi.
  2. si tere nikan i bithe be tacifi ainambi?
  3. sini hendurengge udu inu secibe, mini gvnin de kemuni akvnahakv adali gvnimbi, te bicibe han beise duin mederi be uherilafi abkai fejergi be yooni gemu kadalahabi, jalan de nikan i gisun be baitalara ba umesi labdu, meni ere coohiyan i gisun oci, damu coohiyan i bade teile baitalambi, i jio be duleme nikan i bade jici, gubci yooni nikan i gisun ofi, we ya aika emu gisun fonjime ohode, yasa gadahvn i xame jabume muterakv oci gvwa niyalma membe ai niyalma seme tuwambi?
  4. si ere nikan i bithe be tacirengge, eici sini cihai tacimbio? sini ama eniye taci sembio?
  5. meni ama eniye taci sehe kai.
  6. sini tacihangge udu aniya oho?
  7. mini tacihangge hontohon aniya funcehe.
  8. gemu bahanambio bahanarakvn?
  9. inenggidari nikan i xusai emgi emu bade tefi bithe taciha turgunde majige bahanambi.
  10. sini sefu ainara niyalma?
  11. nikan i niyalma.
  12. se udu oho?
  13. gvsin sunja se oho.
  14. sithvme tacibumbio sithvme taciburakvn?
  15. meni sefu daci nomhon ofi, umesi sithvme tacibumbi.
  16. suweni geren xusai dorgi de nikan i niyalma udu? coohiyan i niyalma udu?
  17. nikan coohiyan tob seme emu dulin.
  18. terei dorgi de inu ehe ningge bio?
  19. ainu ehe ningge akv, tere ehe ningge be inenggidari dalaha xusai sefu de alafi tantacibe, umai gelere be sarkv. erei dorgi de nikan i jusei tacin umesi ehe, kemuni coohiyan i juse majige nomhon gese.
  20. amba age si te absi genembi?
  21. bi inu gemun hecen i baru genembi.
  22. si gemun hecen i baru geneci tetendere, bi coohiyan i niyalma, nikan i bade feliyeme urehe akv,bi sini emgi gucu arame geneci antaka?
  23. uttu oci sain kai, muse sasari yoki dere.
  24. age sini hala ai?
  25. mini hala wang.

Translation

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  1. Each person makes a wooden card and writes their name on it. The cards are all put in a container and the Xiucai in charge takes the container, shakes it, and takes out one of the cards. The person whose card is chosen then needs to recite something, and if they recite well then the teacher will give them a get out of punishment card. On the card it is written: "avoid three hits with the wood ", and on top of it there is a seal. If the person can't recite (the text), they can take out the card and tear it up, and use their previous achievement to avoid getting hit. If the person doesn't have a get out of punishment card, then they will certainly receive three hits with the wood.
  2. What do you study Chinese for?
  3. Although what you say may be so, I still think that it is not completely like that. Now that the emperor has unified the four seas, and all is ruled under heaven, the places where (the populous) uses Chinese are many. As for our Korean language, it is only used in Korea (Korean land). When you pass Yizhou and arrive in Chinese territory, because everyone speaks Chinese, if somebody asks you a question and you stare and are unable to answer, what kind of a person will other people look at you as?
  4. Did you study Chinese because you like it or because your parents told you to study it?
  5. My mother and father told me to study it
  6. How many years have you studied for?
  7. I have studied for more than half a year
  8. Do you know it all?
  9. I know a bit because I live and study with Chinese Xiucai (students) each day
  10. What kind of person is your teacher?
  11. He is Chinese
  12. How old is he?
  13. 35 years old
  14. Does he teach diligently?
  15. Our teacher is originally (very) humble, and therefore is very diligent in his teaching.
  16. Out of the Xiucai how many are Chinese and how many are Korean?
  17. Exactly half are Chinese and half are Korean.
  18. Are there also bad students?
  19. Why would there not be bad ones? Although the head Xiucai reports the bad students to the teacher and they get hit, they do not know fear. In this the Chinese children's nature is really bad. The Korean students seem a bit more well behaved.
  20. Big older brother where are you going now?
  21. I am also going towards the capital city.
  22. As you are going to the capital city, and I am Koren and am not familiar with the way, how would it be if I was to accompany you as a friend?
  23. That is very good, we shall go together.
  24. Older brother what is your surname?
  25. My surname is Wang

Vocab

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.................................................................. .................................................................. .................................................................. ..................................................................
acinggiyambi To shake, to move aika If
aikabade If akvnambi Detailed, exhaustive, to arrive at the end
alimbi To receive antaka How
arambi To do, to write, to be friends with bahanambi To be able to, to understand
baitalambi To use cihai At will, randomly
cuse Bamboo dalambi Head
dere Face, direction, table, think it to be dobton Case, cover, envelope
dorgi Inside dulin Half
ehe Evil, bad eici Or
emte Each fangkabumbi To resist
fejergi Under feliyembi To go, to travel
fonjimbi To ask funcembi More than
gadahvn Long and thin, tall and thin gajimbi To take
gelembi To fear geren everybody, all
gese It seems, like gubci All
gvwa Other, other people hontohon Half
jabumbi To answer jalan World, generation
juse Children kadalabumbi To be ruled
kadalambi To rule kemuni Still, in addition
majige A bit meimeni Each person
nenehe First ninggu On top
nomhon Well behaved sasari Together
sithvmbi Concentrate, concentration, dilligent tacin Nature, studies, habbits, religion
tantambi To hit teile Only
temgetu Seal tetendere Since, as being the case
tob Exactly tome Each, each time
tucibumbi To take out turgunde Because
tuwambi To look udu Although, how many
uherilambi Altogether, bring together, unify umai Completely
urembi Familiar urunakv Certainly
waliyambi To avoid, to abandon weile Thing, work, crime
weilembi Work xambi To stare
xanggan Acheivement xusihe Card
yasa Eyes yoki To go, to travel (imperative)
yombi To go, to travel yooni All

Grammar

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Postpositions

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Some of the more commonly used Manchu postpositons are:

......................................... ......................................... ......................................... .........................................
adali The same as jakade Because of, when
baru To jalin Because
canggi Only manggi After
dahame Because of this nerginde When
ebsi Since ninggude On top of
emde Together with onggolo Before
emgi Together with saka And then
ergide At … direction sidende When
fonde When songkoi In accordance with
haran Because of tetendere Since…
ici To, right tulgiyen Apart from this..
ishvn To, across from turgunde Because of
jaka Just then
......................................... ......................................... ......................................... .........................................

Linking Words

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Some of the more commonly used Manchu linking words are:

.................................................................. .................................................................. .................................................................. ..................................................................
jai… …and… bime… … and at the same time …
emu derei ......emu derei...... …on the one hand…. And on the other… ememu ....... ememu ......    … on the one hand …. And on the other…
ememungge ...... ememungge .....  … on the one hand …. And on the other… eici ........ eici ........... Either…..or……
embici........... embici..........  Either…..or…… ........teile akv......... Inu/geli  Not only….. But also….
.........dade, geli Not only….. But also… .............sere anggala.............Inu/geli Not only….. But also…
tuttu ofi, uttu ofi, tuttu Therefore… ….jakade Because
…turgunde Because …ofi Because (after becoming)
…ohode Because of (when it became) teni… Then …
…seme Because of... aika .......... oci If…then…
aikabade ......... oci If…then… unenggi .............oci If…then…
..................oci If…then .............. ohode , teni ................. If…then… (more for only if A then B)
udu.............. seme Although… udu ............ bicibe , inu ................  Although… also…
udu ............ (verb-)cibe   Although… udu ............ ocibe , inu.................. Although… also…
udu .................secibe , inu .............. Although… also… uthai ............. ocibe  Even though…
uthai ................. seme   Even though… uthai ................ okini Even though…
damu But... only… tuttu oci… In that case…
uttu oci… In this case… tuttu bime… Yet/however…
uttu bime… Yet/however… uttu seme… Yet/however…
tuttu secibe… Yet/however… neneme… On the contrary
.................................................................. .................................................................. .................................................................. ..................................................................


Information on Linking words was taken from the Manchu Sky website (满洲天空网站). More specifically from a post by Baksi titled: 满洲族语的连词 (see link below)

满洲天空网站-满洲族语的连词


Now for some examples of the different linking words

  • si ere nikan i bithe be tacirengge, eici sini cihai tacimbio? (eici) sini ama eniye taci sembio? - Did you study Chinese because you like it or because your parents told you to study it?
  • uttu oci sain kai - (In this case) that is good
  • ajige xanyan gvlmahvn jai ajige yacin gvlmahvn - A small white rabbit and a small black rabbit
  • ajige yacin gvlmahvn ningge jetere jaka akv ofi, geli sakda niman i boode sogi baime genehe - As the small black rabit had nothing to eat, he then went to the old mountain goat's house to ask for more vegetables
  • Beijing ni niyengniyeri forgon de edun amba, damu aga muke komso - In spring in Beijing the wind is strong, but there isn't much rain.
  • gebu adali akv bicibe , daci gemu emu hala - Although the name is not the same, they originally have the same surname
  • mini beye udu bucecibe , jui bikai - Although I will die, I have sons



Lesson 9 (Adverbs) ---- Contents ---- Lesson 11 (Grammar Summary)