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Elementary Spanish/Unit1-Tradiciones

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Goals

  • Introduce language used at holidays and gatherings
  • Begin Present Tense
  • Advance production for simple present tense phrases.




Introduction

For this unit, we will focus on the theme of holidays and celebrations.
To begin practicing, read the following three sentences, and try to identify their corresponding
English phrase. Try to find matching translations!

Warm Up Activity

Español Inglés
A La casa es pequeña. 1 The boy celebrates.
B Las amigas preparar la cena. 2The house is small.
C El niño celebra. 3The friends prepare the dinner.



Part 1: Articles and Nouns

In Part 1 we will discuss articles and nouns, as they relate to holidays and celebrations.
Before we move into more complicated grammar components, starting off with a general
understanding of how masculine and feminine structures work in Spanish will give a great basis.

Part 1: Lesson

Add more information here about what this section covers
Articles in Spanish are classified in two sets of categories.
These two sections, gender and number, determine how nouns are treated within a sentence.
Article Description Feminine: Number Spanish English Example
Singular La The La casa es roja.
Singular Una A Tengo una amiga.
Plural Las The Las niñas juegan.
Plural Unas * (slang for some) A (plural) * Some* Unas casas son rojas, otras son verdes.


Article Description Masculine: Number Spanish English Example
Singular El The El apartamento es grande.
Singular Un A Tengo un amigo.
Plural Los The Los niños hablan.
Plural Unos A *(slang for some) Unos apartamentos son grandes, otros pequeños.


These are nouns that relate to our topic of Family Traditions.
Here, we include words that relate to parties, holidays and events, as well as different types of celebrations.
General Vocabulary
Español Inglés
comida food
familia family
amigo friend
cena dinner
casa house
apartamento apartment
hogar home
restaurante restaurant
fiesta party
Holiday Types
Español Inglés
Navidad Christmas
Kwanzaa Kwanzaa
Hanukkah Hanukkah
Día de los Muertos Day of the Dead
Solsticio de Invierno Winter Solstice
Diwali (Festival de las luces) Diwali (Festival of lights)
Pascua Easter
Año Nuevo New Years
Día de Independencia Independence Day








Part 2: Subject Pronouns and Infinitive Verbs

In Part 2, we will gain familiarity with subject pronouns.
In this section, we will gain a solid familiarity of pronouns and infinitive verbs separately
before we combine these ideas to begin work on creating short sentences.

Part 2: Lesson

Subject Pronouns

Classes of gender and number also exist within subject pronouns.
These two sections, gender and number, determine how nouns are treated within a sentence.
In Spanish, it is common for subject pronouns to be omitted, as they are incorporated as part of a verb conjugation.
We will begin verb conjugations next.


Persona Person
Español Inglés
Yo I
You
Él He
Ella She
Nosotros We
Ellos They
Ellas They (females)

Infinitive Verbs: Family Tradition

There are three broad categories of verb-types in Spanish:
Verbs that end in ...

  • -AR*
  • -ER*
  • -IR*

Infinitive Verb List

Regular Verbs
Español Inglés
preparar to prepare
invitar to invite
cocinar to cook
viajar to travel
celebrar to celebrate
decorar to decorate
deber should
comer to eat
vivir to live
escribir to write
leer to read
Irregular Verbs
Español Inglés
ir to go
venir to come
tener to have
salir to go out / to leave
querer to want
ser to be (permanent)
estar to be (temporary)




Part 3: Verb Conjugations

In this section we will learn about how subject pronouns are associated with particular verb endings in Spanish
Here, we will begin making short phrases by combining subjects and verbs in a single word.

Part 3: Lesson

The general formula for creating verb conjugations is to replace the infinitive verb ending (-ar/-er/-ir) with the appropriate ending of the subject.

Although there are three verb-ending categories, -er and -ir verbs tend to share most of the conjugation endings.


Conjugated Verbs:Present Tense

Subject - Verb Ending Conjugations

In Spanish, verbs are conjugated depending on the subject they are associated with, as well as the tense.
For now, we will focus on Present Simple Tense
Each subject pronoun is associated with a particular verb-ending type.

Persona Verb ends in:
Español Inglés
Yo : I -o
Tú : You -as / -es
Él : He -a / -e
Ella: She -a / -e
Nosotros: We -amos / -emos
Ellos / Ellas: They -an / -en




Regular Verbs table

Regular Verbs: Present Tense

These tables show how verbs change based on the subject pronouns used in the sentence. The ending of the verb is typically dropped, and the corresponding subject pronoun ending is added.

-Ar Verbs Table

-AR Verbs
Subject Pronoun Verb Ending Infinitive Verb Conjugated Verb Example - Spanish Example - Translation
Yo -o celebrar celebro Yo celebro a la fiesta. I celebrate at the party.
-as invitar invitas Tú invitas a tú amigo. You invite your friend.
Él -a preparar prepara Él prepara la comida. He prepares the food.
Ella -a cocinar cocina Ella cocina la cena. She cooks the dinner.
Nosotros -amos viajar viajamos Viajamos a Florida cada Navidad. We travel to Florida every Christmas.
Ellos / Ellas -an decorar decoran Ellos no decoran el árbol. They don't decorate the tree.

ER/IR Verbs Table

-ER / -IR Verbs
Subject Pronoun Verb Ending Infinitive Verb Conjugated Verb Example - Spanish Example - Translation
Yo -o comer como Yo como la cena. I eat the dinner.
-es escribir escribes Tú escribes una carta. You write a card.
Él -e leer lee Él lee la carta. He reads the card.
Ella -e vivir vive Ella vive en Nueva York. She lives in New York.
Nosotros -imos / -emos comer comemos Comemos juntos a la fiesta del Día de Independenia. We eat together at the Independence Day party.
Nosotros -imos / -emos vivir vivimos Nostoros vivimos en Mexico. We live in Mexico.
Ellos -en deber deben Ellos deben cocinar. They should cook.


Student Check Point Part 3

Teacher Activity Guide Part 3