## Parts list and theory

Voltage = potential between two charges. Defined as the derivative of the flux linkage:

$V(t)=\frac{d(Ni(t))}{dt}$

Current = flow of electrons Defined as the rate of change of the charge:

$I(t)=\frac{dQ(t)}{dt}$

There are 3 parameters in an electrical circuit:

Resistance =

$R=\frac{V}{I}$

In a resistor voltage and current are in sync.

$V(t)=Ri(t)$

In capacitors voltage leads current. Capacitors are good as a low pass filter.

$V(t)=\frac{1}{C} \int i(t)dt$

In inductors current leads voltage. Current equals the negative derivative of the voltage. Inductors are good as a high pass filter.

$V(t)=L\frac{di(t)}{dt}$

relationship between voltage and current

$P=VI$

in a circuit

in series voltage drops and current stays constant in parallel voltage stays constant and current divides according to the resistance

voltage stays constant in parallel and current drops in p

pizoelectric = a crystal under compression creates current

transformers

vacuum tube = electron emitter in a vacuum

integrated circuit a semiconductor doped with impurities

group 4 elements doped with group 3 and 5

electrons and holes

ground

## applications

Resistors in series (Christmas lights, stove)

computer

3.5, 5, 12 Volts

lamp

monitor

power distribution (three phase power)

modem

speaker

bandgap

cmos

flip flop

computer parts

leakage current