# Designing Sound in SuperCollider/Bubbles

## Fig 35.5: producing a repeating but random-seeming pattern of triggers

First we'll create a reusable synthdef that outputs triggers (but not sound):

```(
SynthDef(\bubbletrigs, {|out=0, probability=0.5|
var trigs, buf, a;
// These two lines create a loop of zeroes
// with some ones (i.e. triggers) placed at prime-number locations
a = {0}.dup(200);
[29, 37, 47, 67, 89, 113, 157, 197].do{|val| a[val] = 1};
buf = a.as(LocalBuf);
// playbuf by default will use the server's rate, but we want one item every 15ms
trigs = PlayBuf.kr(1, buf, 0.015.reciprocal / (s.sampleRate / s.options.blockSize), loop: 1);
// Randomly discard half of them, to remove too much obvious looping
trigs = CoinGate.kr(probability, trigs);
// Let's poll to watch the events appearing
trigs.poll(trigs);
Out.kr(out, trigs);
}).store
)

// Then we'll play it:
x = Synth(\bubbletrigs); // watch the post window to see the bubble events happening (no sound yet!)
x.free;
```

## Fig 35.8: sound of a bubble

```(
SynthDef(\bubblebub, {	|out=0, t_trig=0, attack=0.01, decay=0.08, pitchcurvelen=0.1, freq=1000, doneAction=0, amp=0.1|
var pitch, son;
amp   = amp * EnvGen.ar(Env.perc(attack, decay).delay(0.003), t_trig, doneAction: doneAction);
pitch = freq * EnvGen.ar(Env.new([0,0,1],[0,1]).exprange(1, 2.718), t_trig, timeScale: pitchcurvelen);
son = SinOsc.ar(pitch);
// high-pass to remove any lowpitched artifacts, scale amplitude
son = HPF.ar(son, 500) * amp * 10;
Out.ar(out, son);
}).store
)

x = Synth(\bubblebub);
x.set(\t_trig, 1); // run this line multiple times, to get multiple (very similar) bubbles!
x.free;
```

## Fig 35.9: four bubble systems, simply triggered at random.

```(
s.bind{
// Here we'll create busses to hold the triggers, passing them from synth to synth
~maintrigbus = Bus.control(s, 1);
~bubtrigbus = Bus.control(s, 4);
// Note how we make sure things are running in the desired order, using \addAfter
~trigs = Synth(\bubbletrigs, [\out: ~maintrigbus]);
// This reads the main trig and puts each trig on a randomly-chosen bus
~randomdistrib = {
var trig, which;
trig = In.kr(~maintrigbus);
which = TIRand.kr(0,3, trig);
// or try the Stepper instead of TIRand for "round-robin" selection:
// which = Stepper.kr(trig, 0, 0, 3);
which = which.poll(trig);
Out.kr(~bubtrigbus.index + which, trig);

s.sync;

~bubs = [2400, 2600, 2500, 2700].collect{|afreq|
};

s.sync;

// "map" allows us to push the triggers from the control bus to the "t_trig" inputs:
~bubs.do{|bub, bubindex| bub.map(\t_trig, ~bubtrigbus.index + bubindex) };
};
)
```

Note, instead of using the "bubbletrigs" synth (which is a direct port of the pd example) we could use Patterns to trigger bubble synths. This is a different model for resource management: instead of having four always-running synths which re-trigger to create a new bubble, we create one synth whenever we need a bubble, and it frees itself after.

```(
p = Pbind(
\instrument, \bubblebub,
// The commented version is a bit like the above timings...
// \dur, Pseq([29, 37, 47, 67, 89, 113, 157, 197, 200].differentiate * 0.015, inf),
// ...but happily we have useful random-distrib generators. Ppoisson would be ideal but is misbehaving for me!
\dur, Pgauss(0.3, 0.2),
\freq, Pwhite(0.0,1,inf).linexp(0,1, 1000, 3000),
// doneAction of two allows the synths to free themselves. See  "UGen-doneActions".openHelpFile
\doneAction, 2
).play
)
p.stop
```

This next one's a bit more complex - we do as the book does and make smaller bubbles have (a) higher pitch (b) lower volume (c) shorter duration. To connect these values together we define a "sizefactor" and use Pkey to reuse it in each of the args.

```(
p = Pbind(
\instrument, \bubblebub,
\sizefactor, Pwhite(0.0,1,inf),
\dur, Pgauss(0.3, 0.2),
\freq,  Pkey(\sizefactor).linexp(0, 1, 1000, 3000),
\amp ,  Pkey(\sizefactor).linlin(0, 1, 0.15, 0.04),
\decay, Pkey(\sizefactor).linlin(0, 1, 0.05, 0.08),
\doneAction, 2
).play
)
p.stop
```