A-level Graphic Products/Edexcel/Unit 3 :Designing for the Future/Sustainability/Cleaner design and technology
Sustainable product design[edit | edit source]
Designers now need to consider the following when creating their products:
- Easy to dismantle for re-pair, reuse to extend the life-span.
- Easy to dismantle and part the different material for recycling
- Easy to remove separate parts that have a different repair criteria.
- Reduction in the material used to produce the product.
- Label the material in order to sort them correctly
- Avoid coating the material with something that would make it more difficult to recycle.
In the book, "The Total Beauty of Sustainable Products", there are five factors that make a product sustainable:
- Cyclic
- Made from biodegradable materials, or mineral that are recycled, E.g. Biopol®
- Solar
- Products that only consume renewable sources of power. E.g. Solar cells
- Safe
- Products that don't do any harm the environment. E.g. They don't emit emission during manufacture.
- Efficient
- Products that require less energy than they did previously. E.g. click here
- Social
- Products that support human rights and natural practices. E.g. Fairtrade products.
Raw materials[edit | edit source]
Material have an economic and environment cost; for example metals are abundant, but they need a lot of energy to get them out of the rock, and a lot of money to pay people to use expensive machinery to take it out.
Table of the environmental impact of raw materials for packaging[edit | edit source]
Packaging material | Raw material | Extraction | Processing |
---|---|---|---|
Paper and board | Trees | Click here for details | Chemical pollutants used in chemical wood pulp production/bleaching |
Metals |
|
Mining, Energy use, Open-cast mining and transport | Large amounts of energy put into the processing of these ores which gives out carbon emissions. |
Polymers | Crude Oil | Drilling, Energy use, destruction of habitat | Large amounts of energy put into the processing of these polymers which gives out carbon emissions. |
Manufacture[edit | edit source]
Ways to reduce use of materials in manufacturing:
- Make a simpler design
- Different materials to reduce weight or quantity needed.
- Materials that use less energy to process.
- Simpler components
- Better work flow.
The Coca-Cola '202' drinks can[edit | edit source]
This is a can developed by Coca-Cola Enterprise Ltd that replaced the 206 can. The difference is that the top of the can went from a diameter of 206, to a diameter of 202, thus making a material reduction.[1]
This small change resulted in:
- £1 Saving per 1,000,000 cans
- £2,300,000 saving per year from 1995 onwards
- Made the can more light weight, better for delivery.
Another way they made material cost changes was that they changed the way that the aluminium sheet were cut, rather than a square tesselation, they interlocked each circular shape, this saved them around 12.1% of aluminium.
Distribution[edit | edit source]
The main problem is a lot of energy is needed and that a lot of carbon emissions are released, with congested roads not helping. Other forms of transport could be used like a train.
If a delivery lorry wants to reduce the fuel used, then the following could be changed:
- Move the manufacturing company to a better location, nearer to delivery location(s).
- Reducing the amount of products
- Lightening the load, make lighter products
- Driving sensibly
- using alternative fuels
Alternatives to fossil fuels[edit | edit source]
A good solution for the distribution problem would be to use an alternative eco-friendly fuel, however, there is currently a lack of availability.
Table of alternative fossil fuels[edit | edit source]
Fuel Type | Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|---|
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) |
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Bio ethanol |
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Compressed natural gas |
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Hydrogen |
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Electricity |
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Repair and maintenance[edit | edit source]
Issues in current product are that they are too difficult to fix if they are broken, meaning that the whole thing needs to be thrown away, this is a waste. For more on this, see: built-in obselecence
Standardisation:
- Using standardised parts makes it easier to use bought-in components for repairing products
- Manufacturers can be sure of parts' interchangeability
- Examples include nuts, bolts, fuses, inkjet cartridges, plumbing fittings and lock barrels