acid + base → salt + water
AH + BOH → AB + H2O
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
acid + metal → salt + hydrogen
2AH + 2M → 2MA + H2
2HCl + 2Na → 2NaCl + H2
2AH + M → MA2 + H2
2HCl + Mg → MgCl2 + H2
6AH + 2M → 2MA3 + 3H2
6HCl + 2Al → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
For any acid, HbX, and any metal, M, with valency a, the stoichiometry of the metal-acid reaction is as follows:
acid + carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide
2AH + M2CO3 → 2MA + H2O + CO2
2HCl + Na2CO3 → 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
2AH + MCO3 → MA2 + H2O + CO2
2HCl + CaCO3 → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2