DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid; molecule making up the genetic material in all living cells. Double stranded
RNA – ribonucleic acid; molecule used to transfer genetic material to ribosomes; contains (some) viruses entire genome, but not all. Single stranded
nucleotide – a single monomer making up DNA and RNA
base – cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil, adenine; complementary to bases, only allowing (A,T/U), (G,C) to bind together (with H-bonds)
semi-conservative replication – the theory stating that, during DNA replication, 1 strand is new, and 1 strand is old. Ensures genetic continuity between cells, reducing the likelihood of mutations