Spanish Grammar

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Spanish Grammar

Table of Contents

Introduction

• About
• Introduction

Prefaceː Spelling and pronunciation

27 letter Spanish alphabet in upper and lower case.

• Vowels and consonants
• Syllable stress

Chapter 1ː Nouns

• Masculine Nouns
  • Common Masculine Noun Endings
    • Nouns Ending in -o
    • Nouns Ending in -aje
    • Nouns Ending in -ma, -pa, -ta
    • Nouns Ending in -l, (-o), -n, -e, -r, -s (LONERS)
    • Nouns Ending in an Accented Vowel
• Feminine Nouns
  • Common Feminine Noun Endings
    • Nouns Ending in -dad, -tad, -tud
    • Nouns Ending in -ción, sión, -gión
    • Nouns Ending in -ez
    • Nouns Ending in -triz
    • Nouns Ending in -umbre
• Other Genders
  • Neuter
  • Common
  • Epicene
  • Ambiguous
• Days of the week
• Languages
• Colors
• Letters
• Trees and fruits
• Animals
• Diminutives and augmentatives
• Foreign words

Chapter 2ː Articles

• Definite and Indefinite Articles
• Uses of definite Article
  • General or abstract nouns
  • Parts of the body and clothing
  • Weights and measurements
• Definite article contraction
• El + verb
• Indefinitve Article omission

Chapter 3ː Adjectives and adverbs

• Adjectives ending in -o
• Adjectives ending in -e
• Adjectives ending in a consonant
• Inequality adjectives Comparatives
• Superlatives
• Adjectives with -isimo
• Equality adjectives (Comparisons of equality̠)
• Cardinal numbers
• Ordinal numbers
• Use of adjectives as nouns
• Adverbs with -mente
• Frequency Adverbs
• Location Adverbs

Chapter 4ː Pronouns

• Subject Pronouns
  • Object Pronouns
    • Object pronoun position
    • Direct Object Pronouns
    • Indirect Object Pronouns
    • Double Object Pronouns: me lo, te lo, nos lo, os lo, se lo
• Reflexive pronouns
• Possessive pronouns
• Demonstrative Pronouns
• Relative pronouns

Chapter 5ː Indicative verb tenses

• Present tense
  • Uses of the present tense
  • Regular -ar verbs
  • Ser, estar, ir, dar, saber
  • Regular -er verbs
  • Regular -ir verbs
  • -go verbs: tener, venir, hacer, decir
  • -zco verbs: conocer, parece, crecer, aparecer, establecer, etc
  • e-ie stem changing verbs
  • o-ue stem changing verbs
  • -uir verbs
• Present continuous
  • Use of present continous
  • Estar and gerund
  • Other uses of the gerund
• Imperfect Tense
  • Uses of the Imperfect
  • Regular -ar verbs
  • Regular -er and -ir verbs
  • Irregular verbs
• Preterite Tense
  • Uses of the Preterite
  • Regular -ar verbs
  • Regular -er and -ir verbs
  • Stem-changning verbs
  • Irregular verbs
  • Preterite vs imperfect
• Present perfect
  • Uses of the present perfect
  • Conjugation with regular participles
  • Conjugation with irregular participles
• Past perfect continuous and preterite continuous
  • Conjugation
  • Uses of tenses
• Future Tenses
  • Ir a with infinitive
  • Future tense regular verbs
  • Future tense irregular verbs
• Conditional
  • Uses of conditional
  • Regular verbs
  • Irregular verbs
• Pluperfect
• Future perfect
• Conditional perfect

Chapter 6ː Subjunctive verb tenses

• Present subjunctive
  • Regular verbs
  • Stem changing
  • Irregular verbs
• Imperfect subjunctive
  • Imperfect subjunctive with conditional
• Continuous subjunctive tenses
• Pluperfect subjunctive

Chapter 7ː Subjunctive use

• Subjunctive - intro
• Opinions
• Emotions
• Things that don't exist
• Ojala
• With the conditional
• Que and subjunctive
• Como no
• To mean "whatever"ː Hagas lo que hagas, como quieras
• Possibilityː puede que, quizas, tal vez etc

Chapter 8ː Imperative

• Tu imperative
  • Regular tu imperative
  • Irregular tu imperative
  • Negative tu imperative
• Usted and Ustedes imperative
• Vosotros imperative
  • Vosotros negative imperative
• Vos imperative

Chapter 9ː Ser and estar

• Ser and estar with location
• Ser and estar change in meaning

Chapter 10ː Sentence Structure

• Personal "a"
• Word order
• Interogative word order
• Reported speech
• Passive voice with se
• Passive voice with ser

Chapter 11ː Negatation

• Making a sentence negative
• Nada, nadie, ningun
• Tampoco
• Sino
• Ni

Chapter 12ː Por and para

• Por
• Para

Chapter 13ː Special uses of verb

• Saber and conocer
• Acabar, acabarse
• Soler
• Quedar
• Volver
• Tener
• Deber
• Pensar, pensar en
• Costar
• Tardar
• Hacerse, llegar a ser, ponerse, volverse
• Llevar
• Tomar

Chapter 14ː Discourse markers

• Discourse markers