Word classes ~ පද වර්ග
Word classes[edit | edit source]
This part will basically teach you that how the words are classified into classes in Sinhalese. Mainly, there are three word classes in Sinhalese. They are:
- Nouns (නාම පද; Nāmə padhə)
- Verbs (ක්රියා පද; Kriyā padhə)
- Indeclinable words (අව්යය පද; Awyə padhə)
- Prepositions (නිපාත පද; Nipāthə padhə)
- Prefixes (උපසර්ග; Upəsargə)
Nouns ~ නාම පද[edit | edit source]
Nouns can be divided into these categories:
- Pronouns (සර්ව නාම; Sarwə nāmə)
- Abstract nouns (කේවල නාම; Kēwalə nāmə)
Pronounce were described in the previous lesson. So, Let's see how the abstract nouns are divided:
- ජාති නාම - Jāthi nāmə
- Nouns describing a group with similarities.
- eg: Sinhalese, English, Men, Women...
- ද්රව්ය නාම - Dhrawyə nāmə
- Nouns describing lifeless objects.
- eg: Stone, tree, book, pencil...
- ගුණ නාම - Gunə nāmə
- Nouns describing qualities of something.
- eg: Fat, tall, red, kind...
- ක්රියා නාම - Kriyā nāmə
- Nouns describing an incidences, activities and doers
- eg: Running, runner, playing, player...
- සංඥා නාම - Sagñā nāmə
- Nouns describing something separately from others. (Names of people and places)
- eg: John, London, Mary, Paris...
Verbs ~ ක්රියා පද[edit | edit source]
Beside the basic verbs, there are few kinds of verbs. They are:
- පූර්ව ක්රියා
- මිශ්ර ක්රියා
- විධි ක්රියා
- ආශිර්වාද ක්රියා
- ප්රයෝජ්ය ක්රියා
- අසම්භාව්ය ක්රියා
Indeclinable words ~ අව්යය පද[edit | edit source]
Indeclinable words can be divided into prepositions and prefixes. There are no suffixes in Sinhalese.
Prepositions ~ නිපාත පද[edit | edit source]
Prepositions can be used in the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence. They are written as single words and there are a large number of prepositions in Sinhalese.
අති දක්ශ ලෙස[edit | edit source]
Prefixes can be joined to a word at the beginning of the word. These are not considered as words, because they can not be written separately. There are only few prefixes in Sinhalese.