SQL Dialects Reference/Write queries/Replace query
Replace query
[edit | edit source]Replace query inserts new row if no row with such primary key exists or updates existing row if it does. SQL:2003 standard introduced a MERGE statement to implement such functionality, while other implementations provide similar queries named "REPLACE" or so-called "Upsert" query (a portmanteau of UPDATE and INSERT).
| Standard | MERGE statement can be used to do a replace query:
MERGE INTO table_name1 USING table_name2 ON (condition)
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET column1 = value1 [, column2 = value2 ...]
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT columns VALUES (values)
Note that MERGE is much more powerful than just doing replace queries. |
|---|---|
| DB2 | MERGE statement
MERGE INTO phonebook AS p
USING ( VALUES ('john doe', '1234' ) ) AS v(name, extension)
ON ( p.name = v.name )
WHEN MATCHED
UPDATE SET p.extension = v.extension
WHEN NOT MATCHED
INSERT VALUES ( v.name, v.extension )
|
| Firebird | MERGE statement
MERGE INTO phonebook B
USING (
SELECT name
FROM phonebook
WHERE name = 'john doe') E
ON (B.name = E.name)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET B.extension = '1234'
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (name, extension)
VALUES ('john doe', '1234);
Non-standard simplified form: UPDATE OR INSERT INTO phonebook (name, extension)
VALUES ('john doe', '1234')
MATCHING (name)
|
| Ingres | ? |
| Linter | ? |
| MonetDB | ? |
| MSSQL | MERGE statement (from version SQL Server 2008)
DECLARE @UnitMeasureCode nchar(3) = 'ABC'
DECLARE @Name varchar(25) = 'Test name'
MERGE INTO Production.UnitMeasure AS target
USING (SELECT @UnitMeasureCode, @Name) AS source (UnitMeasureCode, Name)
ON (target.UnitMeasureCode = source.UnitMeasureCode)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET Name = source.Name
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (UnitMeasureCode, Name)
VALUES (source.UnitMeasureCode, source.Name)
|
| MySQL | Allows 3 syntaxes: non-standard REPLACE query, (since 4.1) INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE, and a variant on IF EXISTS.
REPLACE [INTO] table [(columns)] VALUES (values) INSERT INTO table (columns) VALUES (values) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE column1=value1, column2=value2 IF EXISTS( SELECT * FROM phonebook WHERE name = 'john doe' )
THEN UPDATE phonebook SET extension = '1234' WHERE name = 'john doe'
ELSE INSERT INTO phonebook VALUES( 'john doe','1234' )
END IF
|
| Oracle | MERGE statement
MERGE INTO phonebook B
USING (
SELECT name_id
FROM phonebook
WHERE name = 'john doe') E
ON (B.name = E.name)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET B.extension = '1234'
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (B.name, B.extension)
VALUES ('john doe', '1234);
IF EXISTS( SELECT * FROM phonebook WHERE name = 'john doe' )
UPDATE phonebook SET extension = '1234' WHERE name = 'john doe'
ELSE
INSERT INTO phonebook VALUES( 'john doe','1234' )
|
| PostgreSQL | Since version 9.5 INSERT INTO...ON CONFLICT... syntax inspired by MySQL:
INSERT INTO distributors (did, dname)
VALUES (5, 'Gizmo Transglobal'), (6, 'Associated Computing, Inc')
ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dname = EXCLUDED.dname;
|
| SQLite | REPLACE statement:
REPLACE [INTO] table [(columns)] VALUES (values) (always deletes the old row) |
| Virtuoso | ? |