Koine Greek/6. Prepositions and ειμι

Prepositions

Classes of Prepositions

Proper Prepositions (18)

1. ἀμφι - If governing the genitive: around / about / concerning. If governing the accusative: around / on both sides (motion or extent).
   1. Extremely rare on its own in Koine, but survives via compound verbs.
2. ἀνὰ - each, per. Governs the accusative case.
   1. δηνάριον ἀνὰ ἡμέραν - a denarius per day
3. ἀντὶ - instead of / in place of / in exchange for. Governs the genitive case.
   1. ὀφθαλμὸν ἀντὶ ὀφθαλμοῦ - an eye for an eye (Matthew 5:38)
4. ἀπὸ - from, i.e., coming from or away from. Governs the genitive case. See ἀπό on Wikitionary
   1. ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ - deliver us from the wicked [one] (Matthew 6:13)
5. διὰ - If governing the genitive: through, by means of. If governing the accusative: on account of, because of, for (the sake of).
   1. Example with genitive: εὐχαριστῶ τῷ Θεῷ μου διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ - I give thanks to my God through Jesus Christ (Romans 1:8)
   2. Example with accusative: γενομένης θλίψεως ἢ διωγμοῦ διὰ τὸν λόγον - when affliction or persecution arises on account of the word (Matthew 13:21)
6. εἰς - into, to, toward, unto (spatial/purposive), until (temporal), into a state (i.e., resulting in, leading to), for (the sake of). Connotes motion into or toward a goal (think "motion toward" something, whether physical, like a location, or abstract, like a goal)
   1. φεῦγε εἰς Αἴγυπτον - flee into Egypt (Matthew 2:13)
   2. εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ - leading to eternal life through Jesus Christ (Romans 5:21)
7. ἐκ
8. ἐν
9. ἐπὶ
10. κατὰ
11. μετὰ
12. παρὰ
13. περὶ
14. πρὸ
15. πρὸς
16. σὺν
17. ὑπὲρ
18. ὑπὸ

Improper Prepositions (42)

ἅμα

ἄνευ

ἄντικρυς

ἀντιπέρα

ἀπέναντι

ἄτερ

ἄχρι/ἄχρις

ἐγγὺς

ἐκτὸς

ἔμπροσθέν

ἔναντι

ἐναντίον

ἕνεκα

ἐντὸς

ἐνώπιον

ἔξω

ἔξωθεν

ἐπάνω

ἐπέκεινα

ἔσω

ἕως

κατέναντι

κατενώπιον

κυκλόθεν

κύκλῳ

μέσον

μεταξὺ

μέχρι/μέχρις

ὄπισθεν

ὀπίσω

ὀψέ

παραπλήσιον

παρεκτὸς

πέραν

πλὴν

πλησίον

ὑπεράνω

ὑπερέκεινα

ὑπερεκπερισσοῦ

ὑποκάτω

χάριν

χωρίς

εἰμι

Person	Singular	Plural
First person	ειμι	εσμεν
Second person	ει	εστε
Third person	εστι	εισι(ν)