IGCSE Science/Section 2: Structures and functions in living organisms/Cell structure
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All living things are made from cells. Parts of cells are called organelles.
Most cells have these organelles:
Name | Function |
---|---|
Nucleus | to control the actions of the cell, by containing DNA or RNA |
Cytoplasm | a place for chemical reactions to happen, and it contains enzymes which speed up these reactions |
Cell membrane | to control the movement of substances in and out of the cell |
Mitochondria | to perform cellular respiration |
Plants cells have:
Name | Function |
---|---|
Cellulose cell wall | to keep the structure of the cell |
Chloroplasts | to absorb sunlight to make for by photosynthesis, as they contain chlorophyll |
Vacuole | to store nutrients and food in the form of cell sap |
Yeast cells have:
Name | Function |
---|---|
Chitin cell wall | to keep the structure of the cell |
Vacuole | to store nutrients and food |
Animal cells only have the basic organelles, but plants have all the basic organelles and some more: a cell wall, chloroplasts and a vacuole: