Handbook of the Swatow Vernacular modernized/Introductory

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Lesson 1[edit | edit source]

Pêng'im TL Characters English
ua2 I.
ung2 úng We (not including the person addressed.)
nang2 náng We (including the person addressed.)
le2 lúr You (singular.)
ning2 níng You (plural.)
i1 i He, she, it, him, her.
u6 ŭ Have.
bho5 No, none.
si6 Yes, is.
m6(7)si6 m̆-sĭ 唔是 Not, no.
ain3 àinn Want, wish
main3 màinn Don't want, don't.
lai5 lâi Come.
ke3 khùr Go.
m6 Will not.
ua2 u6 uá ŭ 我有 I have.
le2 bho5 lúr bô 汝無 You haven't.
ung2 main3 úng màinn 阮勿 We don't want.
ning2 lai5 níng lâi 恁來 You (plural) come.
i1 m6(7)lai5 i m̆-lâi 伊唔來 He won't come.
i1 ain3(2)ke3 i àinn khùr 伊愛去 He wants to go.
nang2 lai5(7)ke3 náng lâi-khùr 俺來去 Let us go.
ua2 m6(7)ke3 uá m̆-khùr 我唔去 I am not going.
m6(7)si6(7) le2 m̆-sĭ lúr 唔是汝 Not you.
si6(7) i1 sĭ i 是伊 It is he.


Lesson 2[edit | edit source]

Pêng'im TL Characters English
zi2(6)go3, ziê2 tsí-kò, tsíe 只塊,照 Here.
he2(6)go3, hiê2 húr-kò, hié 許塊,~ There.
di5(7)go3 tî-kò 底塊 Where?
diang1si5, di5(7)si5 tiang-sî, tî-sî 𫢗時 When?
zi2(6)gai5, zia2 tsí-kâi, tsía 只個,者 This.
he2(6)gai5, hia2 húr-kâi, hía 許個,~ That.
di5(7)-zêg8(4)gai5, di5(7)gai5 tî-tsêk-kâi, tî-kâi 底一個,底個 Which?
di5(7)gai5, si6(7)mih4 tî-kâi, sĭ-mih 底個,是乜 What?
zo2(6)nin5 tsó-nî 做呢 Why?
ing1ui5 ing-ûi 因爲 Because, on account of.
di5(7)diang5 tî-tîang 底𫢗 Who?
di5(7)diang5-gai5 tî-tîang-kâi 底𫢗個 Whose?
zi2(6)zuan3-gai5 tsí-tsùann-kâi 只賤個 These.
he2(6)zuan3-gai5 húr-tsùann-kâi 許賤個 Those.
zo2(6)nin5, riêh8 tsó-nî, zîeh 做呢,若 How?
ziên3(2)sên1 tsìenn-senn 照生 Like this, thus.
hiên3(2)sên1 hìenn-senn ~生 Like that.
liou2 líou Then.
ziu6 tsĭu Thereupon.
huang5(7)liou2 hûang-líou 還了 Still.
do6 At, in, on, in the act of.
ziê3 tsìe According to.
huang2(6)dng2 húang-tńg 返轉 On the contrary, on the other hand.
ding1do3 ting-tò On the contrary, on the other hand.
gang7, gah4 kāng, kah 共,甲 And.
si6 But.
ia7 īa Also.
cong5, do6 tshông, tŏ 從,在 From.
gao3 kàu To.
kah4 khah Too.
iag4(8)liang5 iak-lîang 約量 About.
ca1bug4(8)do1 tsha-puk-to 差不多 About.
ba1lag4 pa-lak ~~ Perhaps.
nan7si6 nā-sĭ 哪是 If.
a1si6 a-sĭ 啊是 Or.
a1bho5 a-bô 啊無 Or not? Interrogative signs.
mê7 Or not? Interrogative signs.
nê7 Or not? Interrogative signs.

Lesson 3[edit | edit source]

Pêng'im TL Characters English
ua2 do6(7) zi2(6)go3 uá tŏ tsí-kò 我 在 只塊。 I am here,
le2 do6(7) he2(6)go3 lúr tŏ húr-kò 汝 在 許塊。 You are there.
i1 do6(7) di5(7)go3? i tŏ tî-kò 伊 在 底塊? Where is he?
ning2 diang1si5(7) ke3? níng tiang-sî khùr? 恁 𫢗時 去? When did you go?
zi2(6)gai5 si6(7) di5(7)gai5? tsí-kâi sĭ tî-kâi? 只個 是 底個? What is this?
he2(6)gai5 ua2 main3 húr-kâi uá màinn 許個 我 勿。 I don't want that one.
le2 ain3(2) di5(7)zêg8(4)gai5? lúr àinn tî-tsêk-kâi? 汝 愛 底 一個? Which do you want?
le2 ain3(2) di5(7)gai5? lúr àinn tî-kâi? 汝 愛 底個? What do you want?
i1 zo3(2)nin5(7) bho5(7)lai5? i tsò-nî bô-lâi? 伊 做呢 無來? Why did he not come?
si6(7) ing1ui5(7) zo3(2)nin5? sĭ ing-ûi tsò-nî? 是 因爲 做呢? For what reason?
le2 si6(7) di5(7)diang5? lúr sĭ tî-tîang? 汝 是 底𫢗? Who are you?
zia2 si6(7) di5(7)diang5-gai5? tsía sĭ tî-tîang--kai? 者 是 底𫢗個? Whose is this?
zi2zuan3-gai5 m6(7)si6 tsí-tsùann--kai m̆-sĭ 只~個 唔是。 These are not them.
he2(6)zuan3-gai5 si6-me7? húr-tsùann--kai sĭ-mē? 許~個 是~? Are those them?
le2 u6(7) riêh8(4)zoi7? lúr ŭ ziêh-tsōi? 汝 有 若濟? How much have you?
le2 u6(7) riêh8(4)zoi7 gai5? lúr ŭ ziêh-tsōi kâi? 汝 有 若濟 個? How many have you?
si6(7) ziên3(2)sên1 sĭ tsìenn-senn 是 照生。 It is like this.
m6(7)si6(7) hiên3(2)sên1 m̆-sĭ hìenn-senn 唔是 ~生。 Not like that.

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Pêng'im TL Characters English
i1 huang5(7)liou2 bhuê7ke3 i hûang-líou būe-khùr 伊 還了 未去。 He hasn't gone yet.
zi2(6)gai5 gah4(8) he3(2)gai5 tsí-kâi kah hùr-kâi 只個 甲 許個。 This one and that one.
zia2 m6(7)si6 tsía m̆-sĭ 者 唔是。 This is not it.
hia2 ziu6(7)si6 hía tsĭu-sĭ ~ 就是。 That is it.
le2 ia7 u6 lúr īa ŭ 汝 也 有。 You have got it too.
cong5(7) di5(7)go3 gao3(2) di5(7)go3? tshông tî-kò kàu tî-kò? 從 底塊 到 底塊? From where to where?
do6(7) zi2(6)go3 gao3(2) he2(6)go3 tŏ tsí-kò kàu húr-kò 在 只塊 到 許塊。 From here to there.
ba1lag4(8) bho5 pa-lak bô 拍叻 無。 Perhaps not.
le2 u6 a1bho5? lúr ŭ a-bô? 汝 有 啊無? Have you or have you not? did you or did you not?
ua2 bho5 úa bô 我 無。 I havn't; I did not.
le2 u6(7)ke3-mê7? lúr ŭ-khùr--mē? 汝 有 去 ~? Did you go?
bho5 無。 No.
zo3(2)nin5(7) bho5-nê7? tsò-nî bô--nē? 做呢 無呢? Why not?
ing1ui5(7) ua2 m6(7)ke3 ing-ûi úa m̆-khùr 因爲 我 唔去。 Because I don't want to go.
zi2(6)gai5 si6(7) ua2-gai5 tsí-kâi sí úa-kâi 只個 是 我個。 This is mine.
m6(7)si6(7) le2-gai5 m̆-sĭ lúr-kâi 唔是 汝個。 It isn't yours.
si6 i1-gai5 sĭ i-kâi 是 伊個。 It is his.
le2-gai5 m6(7)si6(7) ziên3(2)sên1 lúr-kâi m̆-sĭ tsiènn-senn 汝個 唔是 照生。 Yours is not like his.
i1-gai5 si6(7) ziên3(2)sên1 i-kâi sĭ tsìenn-senn 伊個 是 照生。 His is like this.