Flora of New York/Poaceae 4

A reviewed version of this page, approved on 23 July 2019, was based off this revision.

← Poaceae 3	Flora of New York — Poaceae 4: Poeae				→ Commelinales, Zingiberales, Ceratophyllales
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

The Poaceae tribe Poeae

Subtribe Torreyochloinae

Torreyochloa

Torreyochloa (false mannagrass) has been treated as a section of Puccinellia (alkali grass).

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Torreyochloinae — Torreyochloa
Genus Torreyochloa	False manna grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Torreyochloa pallida (Torr.) G.L.Church var. fernaldii (Hitchc.) Dore 1906. Glyceria pallidavar. fernaldii 1917. Glyceria fernaldii (Hitchc.) H.St.John 1949. T. fernaldii (Hitchc.) G.L.Church 1964. T. pallidavar. fernaldii 1966. Puccinellia fernaldii (Hitchc.) E.G.Voss	Fernald's false mannagrass Glycérie de Fernald	Native, CoC: 6, Secure OBL Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Torreyochloa pallida (Torr.) G. L. Church var. pallida 1819. Windsoria pallida Torr. 1829. Uralepis pallida (Torr.) Kunth 1836. Glyceria pallida (Torr.) Trin. 1891. Panicularia pallida (Torr.) Kuntze 1949. T. pallida (Torr.) G.L.Church 1952. Puccinellia pallida (Torr.) R.T.Clausen	Pale false mannagrass, Pale mannagrass Glycérie pâle	Native, CoC: 6, Secure OBL		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Aveninae

Aveninae J.Presl in C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1:246. Jan–Jun 1830

Sphenopholis

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Sphenopholis
Genus Sphenopholis Scribn.	Wedge scale	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb. 1909. Sphenopholis intermedia Rydb	Slender wedge grass, Slender wedgescale	Native, CoC: 6, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies
Sphenopholis nitida (Biehler) Scribn. (1906)	Shiny wedge grass, Shiny wedgescale	Native, CoC: 8, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies
Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. (1906)	Prairie wedgegrass, Prairie wedgescale	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Sphenopholis pensylvanica (L.) Hitchc. Avena pennsylvanica Trisetum pensylvanicum 1915. S. pennsylvanica (L.) Hitchc.	Swamp wedgescale	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-N0 Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies
Genus Sphenopholis (excluded taxa)	Wedge scale	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sphenopholis × pallens Sphenopholis obtusata × Sphenopholis pensylvanica		Native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Sphenopholis intermedia × nitida Sphenopholis intermedia × Sphenopholis nitida		Native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Trisetum

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Trisetum
Genus Trisetum	Oat grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Trisetum spicatum (L.) K.Richt.	Narrow false oats, Spike trisetum	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Trisetum flavescens (L.) P.Beauv. 1753. Avena flavescens 1805. Trisetum pratense Pers. 1812. Trisetum flavescens (L.) P.Beauv. 1816. Trisetaria flavescens (L.) Baumg.	Yellow oatgrass, Yellow oat grass, Golden oat grass Avoine dorée, Avoine jaunâtre	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-XW ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Graphephorum

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Graphephorum
Genus Graphephorum	False oat	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Graphephorum melicoides (Michx.) Desv. (1810) Trisetum melicoides	False melic, Purple false oat, Trisèe fausse-mélique	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Koeleria

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Koeleria
Genus Koeleria	June grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. 1753. Aira cristata L. 1812. Aira macrantha Ledeb. 1824. K. macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. auct. K. cristata non Pers. (i) auct. K. pyramidata non (Lam.) P. Beauv.	Junegrass, Prairie Junegrass	Introduced, N. America native		NYFA: X	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Genus Koeleria (excluded taxa)	June grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Koeleria pyramidata (Lam.) P. Beauv. 1791. Poa pyramidata Lam. 1812. K. pyramidata (Lam.) P. Beauv.	Misapplied to American Junegrass	Introduced from Eurasia, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Arrhenatherum

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Arrhenatherum
Genus Arrhenatherum	Oat grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P.Beauv. ex J.Presl & C.Presl ssp. elatius	Tall oatgrass	Introduced, Naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies
Genus Arrhenatherum (excluded taxa)	Oat grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P.Beauv. ex J.Presl & C.Presl ssp. bulbosum (Willd.) Schübl. & G.Martens 1799. Avena bulbosa Willd. 1825. Arrh. elatiusvar. bulbosum 1834. Arrh. elatiusssp. bulbosum	Tall oatgrass	Introduced, No specimens		NYFA: D	USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Avena

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Avena
Genus Avena	Oat	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Avena fatua L. Avena fatua L. Avena hybrida	Wild oat	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Avena sativa L. Avena sativa L. Avena byzantina Avena fatua var. sativa	Common oat, Cultivated oat	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XW Images Wikispecies

Rostraria

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Rostraria
Genus Rostraria	Hair grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev Festuca cristata (L.) Tzvelev Koeleria gerardii Koeleria phleoides	Mediterranean hairgrass	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Phalaridinae

Anthoxanthum

Anthoxanthum is known variously as sweetgrass, vernalgrass, vanillagrass, or holygrass. The merging of the genus Hierochloe into Anthoxanthum by Schouten and Veldkamp (1985) may be cause for confusion between the native Anthoxanthum nitens (formerly Hierochloe odorata) and the Eurasian Anthoxanthum odoratum. These are two distinct species, and A. nitens appears never to have been considered a sub-taxon of A. odoratum.

Anthoxanthum subg. Hierochloe

The grasses of Anthoxanthum subg. Hierochloe are generally known as sweetgrass. Because A. hirtum and A. nitens were previously included together under Hierochloe odorata, the county-level distribution shown here for these two species is likely incorrect. The A. hirtum map is based on the BONAP map, while the A. nitens is based on the NYFA map as of 10-Nov-2016.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Phalaridinae — Anthoxanthum subg. Hierochloe
Genus Anthoxanthum subg. Hierochloe	Sweet grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Anthoxanthum hirtum (Schrank) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp 1789. Savastana hirta Schrank 1830. Hierochloe arctica J.Presl 1900. H. hirta (Schrank) Borbas 1930. H. odoratavar. annulata 1971. H. hirtassp. arctica 1973. H. odoratassp. hirta 1976. H. odoratassp. arctica 1979. H. hirtavar. annulata 1985. Anthoxanthum hirtum (Schrank) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp 1996. A. hirtumssp. arcticum ^[1]	Hairy sweetgrass, Hairy sweet grass, Northern sweetgrass, Northern sweet grass Hiérochloé hérissée	Native, CoC: 2, Unranked Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: U	USDA-N0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Anthoxanthum nitens (Weber) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp ssp. nitens 1753. Holcus odoratus L. 1787. Poa nitens Weber 1806. Ho. borealis Schrad. (i) 1812. Hierochloe odorata (L.) P.Beauv. 1817. Hi. borealis (Schrad.) Roem. & Schult. (i) 1898. Savastana nashii E.P.Bicknell 1914. Hi. nashii (E.P.Bicknell) Kaczmarek 1915. Torresia odorata (L.) Hitchc. 1921. T. nashii (E.P.Bicknell) House 1985. Anthoxanthum nitens (Weber) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp	Vanilla sweet grass, Vanilla sweetgrass, Common sweetgrass, Vanilla grass, Holy grass, Manna grass, Seneca grass Hiérochloé odorante, Hiérochloé odorant, Avoine odorante, Foin d'odeur, Herbe sainte, Houlque boréale	Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACW Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Anthoxanthum monticola (Bigelow) Veldkamp ssp. monticola 1816. Holcus monticola Bigelow 1817. Dimesia monticola (Bigelow) Raf. 1954. Hierochloe orthantha T.J.Sørensen 1962. Hi. alpinavar. orthantha 1964. Hi. monticola (Bigelow) Á.Löve & D.Löve (i) 1971. Hi. alpinassp. orthantha 1985. A. monticola (Bigelow) Veldkamp 1996. A. monticolassp. orthanthum 2012. A. monticolassp. monticola	Alpine sweetgrass Hiérochloé des montagnes	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[2]		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ When separated into subspecies, A. hirtum ssp. arcticum is the only North American native of the species. The New York Flora Atlas (2016) treats all A. hirtum subspecies as one variable taxon, baed on Allred and Barkworth (2007). ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Anthoxanthum monticola ssp. monticola. Endangered, S1/GNL.

Anthoxanthum subg. Anthoxanthum

The Old-World Anthoxanthum species found in New York often go by the name vernal grass and appear to be more widespread in the state than the native sweetgrass.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Phalaridinae — Anthoxanthum subg. Anthoxanthum
Genus Anthoxanthum subg. Anthoxanthum	Vernal grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Anthoxanthum odoratum L. 1753. Anthoxanthum odoratum L. 1823. A. villosum Dumort. 1873. A. odoratumvar. villosum 1880. Xanthonanthos odoratum (L.) St.-Lag.	Sweet vernal grass, Sweet vernalgrass, Large sweet grass, Large sweet vernalgrass, Scented vernal grass Flouve odorante, Foin d'odeur	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Naturalized Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: Xn	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Anthoxanthum ovatum Lag. var. aristatum (Boiss.) Pérez Lara 1842. Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss. 1848. A. puelii Lecoq & Lamotte 1854. A. odoratumvar. puelii 1854. A. odoratumvar. aristatum 1886. A. ovatumvar. aristatum	Vernal grass, Annual vernalgrass, Small sweet vernal grass Flouve aristée	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Not Naturalized Annual, Graminoid		NYFA: Xm	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Phalaris

Although the New York Flora Atlas only lists Phalaris arundinacea var. picta as a synonym of Phalaris arundinacea, the Catalogue of New World Grasses (2003) lists both P. arundinacea var. arundinacea and P. arundinacea var picta as valid taxa.^[1] Because the ornamental var. picta is readily identifiable by its striped leaves, it's doubtful that it has naturalized in New York without being reported. However, it is believed that hardy European races of var. arundinacea have been introduced at various times since early European settlement and have probably hybridized with American races. So, the Phalaris arundinacea species may be considered invasive in New York.^[2]

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Phalaridinae — Phalaris
Genus Phalaris	Canary grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Phalaris arundinacea L. var. arundinacea 1753. Phalaris arundinacea L. 1969. Phalaroides arundinacea Rauschert	Reed canary grass Alpiste roseau	Native, CoC: 0, Secure, NYIS: 78%^[1], CP-3^[2], Highly invasive^[3] FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Sun		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Phalaris arundinacea L. var. picta L. 1753. P. arundinaceavar. picta L. 1852. Phalaris picta (L.) Sloboda 1969. Phalaroides arundinacea ssp. japonica	Ornamental canary grass, Ribbon grass, Gardener's gaiters Alpiste ruban, Ruban de la vierge	Introduced, Potentially invasive FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Sun		NYFA: 0	USDA-0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Phalaris canariensis L. 1753. Phalaris canariensis L. 1794. Phalaris ovata Moench 1796. Phalaris avicularis Salisb.	Annual canary grass, Common canary grass, Seed canary grass, Birdseed grass	Introduced from Europe, Canary Isands Annual, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Phalaris arundinacea: Highly invasive (78). ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009) ↑ Although Phalaris arundinacea var. arundinacea is native to much of North America, its Eurasian ecotype has been widely planted and become a problem in North America.

Subtribe Brizinae

Briza

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Brizinae — Briza
Genus Briza	Quaking grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Briza maxima L.	Big quakinggrass, Large quaking grass	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Briza media L.	Perennial quaking grass	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XW Images Wikispecies
Briza minor L.	Little quakinggrass	Introduced, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Agrostidinae

Agrostis

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Agrostidinae — Agrostis
Genus Agrostis	Bentgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Agrostis perennans (Walter) Tuck. A. altissima (Walter) Tuck. A. perennans (Walter) Tuck.	Autumn bent, Upland bent, Upland bentgrass	Native, CoC: 4, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Agrostis scabra Willd. A. geminata	Northern tickle grass, Rough bentgrass	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. (1888) A. antecedens E.P.Bicknell A. hiemalis orth. var. Cornucopiae hyemalis Walter	Southern hairgrass, Southern ticklegrass, Winter bentgrass	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4-5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Agrostis mertensii Trin. (1836) A. borealis Hartm. (1843)	Northern bent, Northern bentgrass, Arctic bentgrass Agrostide de Mertens	Native, CoC: 9, Threatened		NYFA: 2	Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Agrostis stolonifera L. (1753) auct. A. alba non L. A. maritima Lam. A. palustris Huds.	Creeping bent, Creeping bentgrass	Introduced, N. America native, Nativity in question		NYFA: X5	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Agrostis canina L. A. caninavar. varians	Velvet bent, Velvet bentgrass Agrostide des chiens	Introduced, N. America native		NYFA: X	USDA-NW Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Agrostis capillaris 1753. A. capillaris L. 1794. A. tenuis Sibth. 1796. A. vulgaris With. A. stricta A. sylvatica	Rhode Island bent, Rhode Island bentgrass, Colonial bent, Colonial bentgrass	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Agrostis gigantea auct. Agrostis alba non L. Agrostis nigra A. stoloniferassp. gigantea A. stoloniferavar. major	Redtop, Red-top, Black bentgrass	Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 68%^[1]		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Genus Agrostis (excluded taxa)	Bentgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Agrostis vinealis Schreb. 1771. Agrostis vinealis Schreb.	Brown bentgrass	Introduced from Alaska, Eurasia, northern Africa, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-00 Images Wikispecies
Agrostis mertensii × scabra Agrostis mertensii × Agrostis scabra	Hybrid of northern bent & northern tickle-grass	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	Images Wikispecies
Agrostis canina × capillaris Agrostis canina × Agrostis capillaris	Hybrid of velvet bent & Rhode Island bent	Introduced, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	Images Wikispecies
Agrostis gigantea × stolonifera Agrostis gigantea × Agrostis stolonifera	Hybrid of red-top & creeping bent	Introduced, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	Images Wikispecies
Agrostis capillaris × gigantea Agrostis capillaris × Agrostis gigantea	Hybrid of Rhode Island bent & red-top	Introduced, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Agrostis.gigantea: M 68 (all).

Ammophila

Molecular and morphological studies have shown that native eastern North American beechgrass comprises a number of lineages with overlapping characteristics that may be best treated as a single species:^[1]

Coastal populations (A. breviligulata):
- Northern Atlantic coast,
- Southern Atlantic coast,
Interior populations (A. champlainensis):
- Lake Champlain & St. Lawrence River, and
- Great Lakes.

The New York Flora Atlas currently lists these two subspecies together as Ammophila breviligulata.

↑ Delisle-Oldham &al. (2008). "Taxonomic Recognition of Ammophila champlainensis and Morphological Variation in Northeastern North American Ammophila (Poaceae)." Rhodora 110(942): 29–156, 2008

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Agrostidinae — Ammophila
Genus Ammophila	Beachgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ammophila breviligulata Fernald ssp. breviligulata 1920. Ammophila breviligulata Fernald	American beachgrass	Native, CoC: 8, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Ammophila breviligulata Fernald ssp. champlainensis (F.Seym.) P.J.Walker, C.A.Paris & Barrington ex Barkworth 1966. Ammophila champlainensis F.Seym. 2006. A. breviligulata ssp. champlainensis (F.Seym.) P.J.Walker, C.A.Paris & Barrington ex Barkworth	Lake Champlain beachgrass, Champlain beachgrass	Native, CoC: 8, Endangered, Excluded, NYNHP: 1^[1]		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Ammophila breviligulata ssp. champlainensis. Endangered, S1/G2G3Q.

Calamagrostis

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Agrostidinae — Calamagrostis
Genus Calamagrostis	Reedgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv. var. canadensis	Canada bluejoint grass, Bluejoint, Blue-joint reedgrass	Native, CoC: 7, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv. var. langsdorfii	Bluejoint	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1?	USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies Note: ^[1]
Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv. var. macouniana	Macoun's reedgrass	Native, Historical		NYFA: N	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Calamagrostis cinnoides (Muhl.) W.P.C. Barton auct. C. cinnoides W.P.C.Barton (i) 1823. Arundo coarctata Torr. 1829. C. coarctata (Torr.) Eaton	Small reedgrass, Arctic reedgrass, Nuttall's reedgrass	Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure OBL		NYFA: 4?	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Calamagrostis pickeringii A.Gray	Pickering's reedgrass, Pickering's reed bent-grass	Native, Rare		NYFA: 3	USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler ssp. inexpansa Calamagrostis hyperborea Calamagrostis inexpansa Calamagrostis lacustris	Northern reedgrass	Native, Threatened		NYFA: 2	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler ssp. stricta Calamagrostis neglecta	Slim-stemmed small-reedgrass	Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[2]		NYFA: 1	Images Wikispecies
Calamagrostis porteri A.Gray ssp. porteri	Porter's reedgrass	Native, CoC: 9, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[3]		NYFA: 1-2	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Calamagrostis perplexa	Wood reed grass	Native, Endangered, Endemic to NY, NYNHP: 1^[4]		NYFA: 1	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies
Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth	Feathertop, Chee reedgrass	Introduced, Very rare		NYFA: X	USDA-XX ITIS Images Wikispecies
↑ Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) lists C. canadensis var. langsdorfii as a synonym of C. canadensis. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Calamagrostis stricta. Endangered, S1/Gx. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for ssssssssssss. Endangered, S1S2/G4T4. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Calamagrostis perplexa. Endangered, S1/G1.

Polypogon

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Agrostidinae — Polypogon
Genus Polypogon	Rabbitsfoot grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Polypogon interruptus Kunth (1816)	Ditch beard grass, Ditch rabbitsfoot grass, Ditch polypogon	Introduced from western N. America, N. America native, Impersistent, Not naturalized		NYFA: Xm	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. 1753. Alopecurus monspeliensis L. 1798. P. monspeliensis (L.) Desf.	Annual rabbit's-foot grass, Annual beard grass, Rabbit's-foot polypogon	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Naturalization unknown		NYFA: X	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Coleanthinae

Puccinellia

The Puccinellia (alkali grass) species are similar in appearance to the wetland genera Glyceria and Torreyochloa, however, alkali grass is adaptable to saline areas.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Coleanthinae — Puccinellia
Genus Puccinellia Parl.	Alkali grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl.	European alkaligrass, Weeping alkaligrass	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-MX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Puccinellia fasciculata (Torr.) E.P. Bicknell	Saltmarsh alkaligrass, Salt marsh alkaligrass, Salt marsh goosegrass	Introduced OBL		NYFA: X	USDA-N0 Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies
Puccinellia rupestris (With.) Fernald & Weath.	Stiff alkaligrass, British alkaligrass, Goosegrass	Introduced Annual, Graminoid		NYFA:	USDA-X Images Wikispecies
Genus Puccinellia (excluded taxa)	Alkali grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Puccinellia nutkaensis (J. Presl) Fernald & Weath.	Nootka alkaligrass	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Puccinellia nuttalliana (Schult.) Hitchc.	Nuttall's alkaligrass	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies
Puccinellia alaskana Scribn. & Merr. P. alaskana Scribn. & Merr. P. langeanassp. alaskana P. pauperculavar. alaskana P. tenellassp. alaskana	Alaska goose grass, Tundra alkaligrass	N. America native, N.Y. excluded FACW Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Puccinellia maritima	Seaside alkaligrass, Seaside speargrass	Introduced, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-MX Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Sclerochloa

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Coleanthinae — Sclerochloa
Genus Sclerochloa	Hard grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sclerochloa dura (L.) P.Beauv. 1753. Cynosurus durus L. 1812. Sclerochloa dura (L.) P.Beauv.	Fairground grass, Common hardgrass, Hard meadowgrass	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Wool mill waif, GMW^[1]		NYFA: Xm	USDA-XN Go Botany-0 VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
↑ Grass Manual on the Web and USDA-NRCS seem to contradict about the North American nativity of Sclerochloa dura.

Subtribe Airinae

Avenella

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Avenella
Genus Avenella	Hairgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drejer 1753. Aira flexuosa L. 1836. Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. 1838. Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drejer 1852. D. flexuosavar. montana 1866. Lerchenfeldia flexuosa (L.) Schur	Common hair grass, Wavy hair grass, Crinkled hair grass	Native, CoC: 8, Secure Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Deschampsia

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Deschampsia
Genus Deschampsia P.Beauv.	Hairgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P.Beauv. 1753. Aira cespitosa L. 1796. Agrostis caespitosa (L.) Salisb. 1812. D. caespitosa (L.) P.Beauv. 1846. D. cespitosa ssp. glauca (Hartm.) Hartm. 1861. D. cespitosa var. parviflora (Thuill.) Coss. & Germ. 1918. D. cespitosa var. glauca (Hartm.) Lindm. 1940. D. anadyrensis V.N.Vassil.	Tufted hairgrass, Small-flowered ticklegrass, Tussock grass Deschampsie cespiteuse, Canche cespiteuse, Canche gazonnante	Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure FACW Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: 5	USDA-NM Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Deschampsia danthonioides (Trin.) Munro 1830. Aira danthonioides Trin. 1830. D. calycina J. Presl 1857. D. danthonioides (Trin.) Munro	Annual hairgrass	Introduced, N. America native, Not naturalized FACW Annual, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Vahlodea

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Vahlodea
Genus Vahlodea	Hair grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Vahlodea atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Fr. ex Hartm. 1812. Aira atropurpurea Wahlenb. 1822. Avena atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Link 1826. Holcus atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Wahlenb. 1843. Vahlodea atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Fr. ex Hartm. 1844. Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Scheele 1937. Vahlodea latifolia (Hook.) Hultén	Mountain hair grass, Mountain hairgrass Deschampsie pourpre	Native, CoC: 10, Likely extirpated, Impersistent FACW, Graminoid		NYFA: Z	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Aira

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Aira
Genus Aira	Hairgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aira praecox L. Aspris praecox (L.) Nash	Early hairgrass, Yellow hairgrass, Spike hairgrass, Early silver hairgrass, Small hairgrass	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX VASCAN Images Wikispecies
Aira caryophyllea L. var. caryophyllea 1753. Aira caryophyllea L. 1780. Avena caryophyllea (L.) Weber 1796. Agrostis caryophyllea (L.) Salisb. 1866. Fussia caryophyllea (L.) Schur 1913. Aspris caryophyllea (L.) Nash	Silver hairgrass, Silvery hairgrass, Common silver hairgrass Canche caryophyllée, Aira caryophyllé	Introduced from Eurasia, n. Africa, GMW, iMapInvasives		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Genus Aira (excluded taxa)	Hairgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aira caryophyllea L. var. capillaris (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Bluff & Fingerh. 1798. Aira capillaris Savi 1823. Avena capillaris Mert. & W.D.J.Koch 1836. Aira caryophylleavar. capillaris Bluff & Fingerh. 1853. Aira elegantissima Schur auct. Aira elegans Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.	Delicate hairgrass, Annual silver hairgrass	Introduced from Eurasia, n. Africa, No specimens, GMW			USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Corynephorus

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Corynephorus
Genus Corynephorus	Clubawn grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Corynephorus canescens (L.) Beauv.	Gray clubawn grass, Gray hairgrass	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XN Images Wikispecies

Holcus

The genus Holcus (velvet grass or soft grass)

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Holcus
Genus Holcus	Velvet grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Holcus lanatus L. 1753. Holcus lanatus L. 1787. Aira holcus-lanata Vill. 1802. Avena lanata (L.) Koeler 1817. Holcus argenteus C. Agardh ex Roem. & Schult. 1912. Notholcus lanatus (L.) Nash ex Hitchc. 1916. Ginannia lanata (L.) F.T.Hubb.	Common velvetgrass, Fog grass Holoque laineuse	Introduced from Europe, western Asia, northern Africa FAC-FACU Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Holcus mollis L. 1759. Holcus mollis L. 1771. Aira mollis (L.) Schreb. 1787. Aira holcus-mollis Vill. 1802. Avena mollis (L.) Koeler (i) 1901. Ginannia mollis (L.) Bubani 1915. Notholcus mollis (L.) Hitchc.	Creeping soft grass, Creeping velvet grass Houlque molle	Introduced from Europe, western Asia, northern Africa FACU Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Cynosurinae

Cynosurus

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Cynosurinae
Genus Cynosurus	Dogstail grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cynosurus cristatus L.	Crested dog's tail, Crested dogtail grass Crêtelle à crêtes	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Cynosurus echinatus L.	Bristly dogtail grass, Rough dog's tail	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Dactylidinae

Dactylis

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Dactylidinae — Dactylis
Genus Dactylis	Orchard grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Dactylis glomerata L. 1753. Dactylis glomerata L. 1771. Bromus glomeratus (L.) Scop. 1785. Festuca glomerata (L.) All. 1817. Limnetis glomerata (L.) Eaton 1828. D. glomeratavar. detonsa 1838. D. glomeratavar. ciliata 1906. D. glomeratassp. lobata 1911. D. glomeratassp. aschersoniana	Orchard grass, Orchardgrass, Cock's foot, Cock's foot grass	Introduced from Eurasia, Naturalized FACU Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: Xn	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Loliinae

Festuca

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Loliinae — Festuca
Genus Festuca	Fescue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Festuca subverticillata Festuca obtusa	Nodding fescue	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Festuca saximontana var. saximontana	Mountain fescue, Sheep fescue, Rocky Mountain fescue	Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[1]		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Festuca filiformis Pourr. Festuca capillata Lam. Festuca ovinassp. tenuifolia Festuca ovinavar. capillata Festuca tenuifolia Sibth.	Hair fescue, Fineleaf sheep fescue, Fine-leaved sheep fescue	Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 60%^[2]		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Festuca heterophylla F. rubra var. heterophylla	Various-leaved fescue	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies
Festuca rubra L. ssp. rubra Festuca prolifera (Piper) Fernald	Red fescue, Prolific fescue	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Festuca rubra L. ssp. commutata Gaudin 1786. Festuca nigrescens Lam. 1788. Festuca heteromalla Pourr. 1799. Festuca fallax Thuill. 1828. F. rubrassp. commutata 1881. F. rubravar. fallax 1882. F. rubrassp. fallax	Chewing's fescue, Varioushair fescue	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) Krajina (1930) F. ovinavar. duriuscula F. ovinavar. duriuscula F. ovinassp. longifolia (i) 1977. F. brevipila R.Tracey	Fétuque dressée, Fétuque à feuilles scabres, Hard fescue, Sheep Fescue	Introduced, Naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Genus Festuca (excluded taxa)	Fescue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Festuca brachyphylla Schult. & Schult.f. 1823. Festuca brevifolia R.Br. non Muhl. 1827. F. brachyphylla Schult. & Schult.f. 1871. F. ovinavar. brevifolia 1906. F. ovinavar. brachyphylla	Alpine fescue, Rock fescue	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Festuca ovina F. ovina var. hispidula	Sheep fescue	Introduced, Synonym		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Festuca saximontana var. saximontana . Endangered, S1/G5T5. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Festuca filiformis: Moderate (60).

Vulpia

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Loliinae — Vulpia
Genus Vulpia	Fescue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb. var. glauca (Nutt.) Fernald Festuca gracilenta Festuca octofloravar. glauca Festuca tenella Vulpia octofloravar. tenella	Sixweeks fescue, Slender 8-flowered fescue	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray Bromus dertonensis Festuca bromoides Festuca dertonensis 1822. Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray Vulpia dertonensis	Brome fescue, Brome six-weeks grass	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.Gmel. Festuca megalura Festuca myuros 1805. Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.Gmel. Vulpia megalura	Annual fescue, Rat's-tail six-weeks grass	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Lolium

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Loliinae — Lolium
Genus Lolium	Rye grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lolium multiflorum Lam.	Italian ryegrass, Ivraie multiflore, Ray-grass d'Italie	Introduced, GMW		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Lolium perenne L.	Ivraie vivace, Perennial ryegrass, Ray-grass anglais	Introduced, GMW		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Lolium persicum Boiss. & Hohen. ex Boiss. (1854) Lolium dorei B. Boivin	Ivraie de Perse, Persian darnel, Persian ryegrass	Introduced, Impersistent, GMW		NYFA: Xm	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Lolium temulentum L. ssp. temulentum	Darnel, Darnel ryegrass, Ivraie enivrante	Introduced, GMW		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Schedonorus

Because the Festuca subgenus Schedonorus seems to be more similar to Lolium than to the rest of Festuca, some sources now treat it as its own genus while others now treat it as a subgenus of Lolium.^[1]

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Loliinae — Schedonorus
Genus Schedonorus	Rye grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P.Beauv. auct. Festuca elatior non L. (1753) 1762. Festuca pratensis Huds. 1812. Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P.Beauv. 1993. Lolium pratense (Huds.) Darbysh.	Tall rye grass, Meadow rye grass, Meadow fescue	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa FACU		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort 1753. Festuca elatior L. nom. rej. 1771. Poa phoenix Scop. 1771. Festuca arundinacea Schreb. 1789. Bromus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Roth 1857. Festuca elatiorvar. arundinacea 1867. Festuca elatiorssp. arundinacea 1824. Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort 1993. Lolium arundinaceum Darbysh. 1998. S. phoenix (Scop.) Holub	Tall rye grass, Alta fescue, Tall fescue, Coarse fescue, Kentucky fescue, Reed fescue Fétuque élevée	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 65%^[2] FACU		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Schedonorus giganteus (L.) Holub 1753. Bromus giganteus L. 1787. Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill. 1993. Lolium giganteum (L.) Darbysh. 1998. Schedonorus giganteus (L.) Holub	Giant rye grass, Giant fescue	Introduced, Unk. naturalization		NYFA: Xu	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies Note: GMW
↑ Stephen J. Darbyshire (1993). "Realignment of Festuca subg. Schedonorus with the genus Lolium (Poaceae)". Novon. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. 3 (3): 239–243. JSTOR 3391460. • Stephen J. Darbyshire. "Schedonorus treatment". Grass Manual on the Web (updated 2009). • "Schedonorus P. Beauv". Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). 2010. Retrieved 27 February 2013. Current Standing: accepted • "Schedonorus P. Beauv". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). USDA-ARS. 13 August 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2013. Probable synonym of: Festuca L. … placed by some in Lolium L. • "Lolium giganteum (L.) Darbysh". Catalogue of New World Grasses. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 27 February 2013. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Schedonorus arundinaceus: Moderate (65).

Subtribe Parapholiinae

Catapodium

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Parapholiinae — Catapodium
Genus Catapodium	Fern grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Catapodium rigidum (L.) C.E. Hubbard ex Dony (1953) ssp. rigidum Desmazeria rigidaScleropoa rigida	Ferngrass	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Sesleriinae

Mibora

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Sesleriinae — Mibora
Genus Mibora	Sand grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Mibora minima (L.) Desv.	Early sandgrass, Early sand grass	Introduced, Impersistent, Waif, GMW Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: Xm	USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Alopecurinae

According to Soreng et. al. (2014)^[1] Alopecurinae should be included in Poinae.

↑ R.J.Soreng, et. al. (2014) A World-Wide Phylogenic Classification of Poaecea (Gramineae): căo (草), capim, çayır, çimen, darbha, ghaas, ghas, gish, gramas, graminius, gräser, grasses, gyokh, he-ben-ke, hullu, kasa, kusa, nyasi, pastos, pillu, pullu, zlaki, etc. (rev. 5 Apr 2014)

Alopecurus

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Alopecurinae — Alopecurus
Genus Alopecurus	Foxtail	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. var. aequalis 1799. Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. 1803. Alopecurus aristulatus Michx. 1823. Alopecurus geniculatusvar. aristulatus 1925. Alopecurus aequalisssp. aequalis 1925. Alopecurus aequalisvar. aequalis 1925. Alopecurus aequalisvar. natans	Shortawn foxtail, Short-awn foxtail, Short-awned foxtail, Short foxtail, Little meadow foxtail, Water foxtail Vulpin à courtes arêtes	Native, Secure OBL Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Alopecurus carolinianus Walter	Tufted foxtail, Carolina foxtail, Carolina meadow foxtail	Introduced, N. America native, Weed Annual, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Alopecurus geniculatus L.	Meadow foxtail, Water foxtail, Floating foxtail, Marsh foxtail, Marsh meadow-foxtail, Knee-joint foxtail	Introduced from Eurasia, Weed FACW-OBL Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.	Slender meadow-foxtail Vulpin des champs	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa Annual, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Alopecurus pratensis L.	Meadow foxtail, Field meadow-foxtail Vulpin des prés	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Beckmannia

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Alopecurinae — Beckmannia
Genus Beckmannia	Sloughgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald	American sloughgrass	Introduced, N. America native			ITIS Images Wikispecies

Phleum

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Alopecurinae — Phleum
Genus Phleum	Timothy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Phleum pratense L. ssp. pratense 1753. Phleum pratense L. 1778. P. pratense var. nodosum (L.) Huds. 1821. P. nodosum var. pratense (L.) St.-Amans 1824. P. pratense ssp. nodosum (L.) Dumort. 1854. P. intermedium Jord. 1859. P. parnassicum Boiss. (i)	Common timothy ⓘ Meadow timothy Timothy ⓘ Meadow cat's-tail ⓘ Fléole des près ⓘ	Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 64%^[1] FACU		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Phleum arenarium L.	Sand timothy	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies
Phleum paniculatum Huds. (1762) Phleum asperum (Retz.) Jacq.	British timothy	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Phleum pratense: Moderate (64).

Subtribe Miliinae

Milium

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Miliinae — Milium
Genus Milium	Millet grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Milium effusum L. var. cisatlanticum Fernald 1950. M. effusumvar. cisatlanticum 2010. M. effusumssp. cisatlanticum	American milletgrass, Tall millet-grass	Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACU Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Genus Milium (excluded taxa)	Millet grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Milium effusum L. var. effusum 1753. Milium effusum L. 1783. Agrostis effusa (L.) Lam. 1794. Miliarium effusa (L.) Moench. 1796. Melica effusa (L.) Salisb. 1808. Decandolia effusa (L.) Bastard	Millet grass, Wood millet	Introduced, N.Y. excluded FACU Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA-Excluded	USDA- ARS-GRIN NWG Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Poinae

Poa

The system used here for Poa (bluegrass) organization is based on Lynn J. Gillespie and Robert J. Soreng (2005) "A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Bluegrass Genus Poa Based on cpDNA restriction site data." Systematic Botany Vol. 30, No. 1 (Jan. - Mar., 2005), pp. 84–105 Published by: American Society of Plant Taxonomists.

The subgenera names use here are those proposed in: Gillespie, Lynn J.; Archambault, Annie; and Soreng, Robert J. (2007) "Phylogeny of Poa (Poaceae) Based on trnT–trnF Sequence Data: Major Clades and Basal Relationships," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 23: Iss. 1, Article 33.

Poa subg. Arctopoa

Poa subg. Arctopoa (Grisebach) Probatova, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 34. 1971.

Subg. Arctopoa is here considered equivalent of the ArcSyl clade, made up of subg. Arctopa sections Arctopa and Aphydris, and previous subg. Poa sect. Sylvestris: ( Arctopoa + Sylvestres ). It is considered to be the basal clade of the genus Poa.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Arctopoa
Genus Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Sylvestres	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa alsodes A.Gray 1856. Poa alsodes A.Gray	Grove bluegrass	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Poa saltuensis Fernald & Wiegand ssp. languida (A.S. Hitchc.) A. Haines Poa debilis Torr. Poa saltuensisssp. languida	Weak bluegrass, Woodland bluegrass, Oldpasture bluegrass	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Poa saltuensis Fernald & Wiegand ssp. saltuensis	Common weak bluegrass, Drooping bluegrass, Oldpasture bluegrass	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Poa sylvestris A.Gray 1848. Poa sylvestris A.Gray	Woodland bluegrass, Forest bluegrass Pâturin des forêts	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Genus Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Arctopoa	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa arida Vasey Poa pseudopratensis Poa glaucifolia 1893. Poa arida Vasey	Plains bluegrass	Introduced, N. America native		NYFA: X	ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Poa subg. Ochlopoa

Poa subg. Ochlopoa (Ascherson & Graebner) Hylander, Bot. Not. 1953: 354. 1953.

This subgenus is here treated as equivalent to the BAPO clade, comprising pervious subg. Poa sections: ( ( Bolbophorum + Alpinae ) ( Parodiochloa + Ochlopoa ) ).

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Ochlopoa
Genus Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Micrantherae	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa annua	Annual bluegrass, Speargrass	Introduced, Naturalized Annual, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Genus (excluded taxa)	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY /NPT
Poa chapmaniana Scribn.	Chapman bluegrass, Chapman's bluegrass	Introduced, N.Y. excluded Annual, Graminoid		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Genus Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Arenariae	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa bulbosa L. ssp. vivipara (Koeler) Arcang.	Bulbous bluegrass	Introduced, Somewhat invasive, NYIS: 49%^[1] Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: Xn	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies
Genus (excluded taxa)	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY /NPT
Poa bulbosa L. ssp. bulbosa Poa bulbosa L.	Bulbous bluegrass	Introduced, N.Y. excluded Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Poa bulbosa: Low (49).

Poa subg. Stenopoa

Poa subg. Stenopoa (Dumortier) Soreng & L. J. Gillespie, Aliso (in press). 2006.

Subg. Stenopoa is here considered to be equivalent to the SPOSTA clade, made up of members of sections:

( Secundae ( Pandemos ( Oreinos + Stenopoa + Tichopoa + Abbreviatae ) ) ).

Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Stenopoa

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Stenopoa
Genus Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Stenopoa	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa palustris L. 1759. Poa palustris L.	Fowl bluegrass, Meadowgrass	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Poa glauca ssp. glauca	Glaucous bluegrass	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 2	Images Wikispecies
Poa interior Rydb.	Inland bluegrass	Native, No recent reports, Endangered		NYFA: 1	Images Wikispecies
Poa nemoralis L. 1753. Poa nemoralis L. 1753. Agrostis alba L. 1808. Poa glaucantha Schleich. ex Gaudin 1915. Agrestis alba (L.) Lunell 1915. Paneion nemorale (L.) Lunell	Woodland bluegrass, Woods bluegrass, Wood bluegrass	Introduced		NYFA: Xn	USDA-MM Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Genus Poa subg. Stenopa (excluded taxa)	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa laxa Haenke ssp. laxa	Mt. Washington bluegrass	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Poa glauca × laxa Haenke	Hybrid of gaucous bluegrass & Mt. Washington bluegrass	Native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies

Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Oreinos

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Oreinos
Genus Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Oreinos	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa laxa Haenke ssp. fernaldiana (Nannf.) Hyl. 1935. Poa fernaldiana Nannf. 1953. Poa laxassp. fernaldiana Hyl. 1964. Poa flexuosassp. fernaldiana Á. Löve & D. Löve	Fernald's bluegrass	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Poa paludigena	Slender marsh bluegrass, Bog bluegrass	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	Images Wikispecies

Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Pandemos

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Pandemos
Genus Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Pandemos	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa trivialis L. ssp. trivialis 1753. Poa trivialis L. 1854. Poa attica Boiss. & Heldr.	Rough bluegrass, Rough-sheathed bluegrass, Rough-stalk bluegrass, Rough-stalk meadow grass, Scribner bluegrass	Introduced from Europe		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Tichopoa

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Tichopoa
Genus Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Tichopoa	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa compressa L. 1753. Poa compressa L.	Wiry bluegrass, Canada bluegrass, Flattened meadow grass	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 69%^[1], CP-2^[2] FAC Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: Xn	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Poa compressa: Moderate (69). ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)

Poa subg. Poa

The Poa subgenus is here considered to be composed of the HAMBADD clade (supersect. Homalopoa) and the PoM clade (supersect. Poa).

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Poa
Genus Poa sect. Homalopoa	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa cuspidata Poa brachyphylla	Early bluegrass	Native, No recent reports, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies
Poa chaixii Vill.	Chaiz bluegrass, Broadleaf bluegrass	Introduced		NYFA: X	Images Wikispecies
Genus Poa sect. Poa	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa pratensis L. ssp. pratensis 1753. Poa pratensis L. 1800. Poa pratensisvar. pratensis 1915. Paneion pratense (L.) Lunell	Kentucky bluegrass, Smooth meadow grass (GBI)	Introduced from Eurasia, n.Africa, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 68%^[1] Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Poa pratensis L. ssp. angustifolia (L.) Lej. 1753. Poa angustifolia L. 1800. P. pratensisvar. angustifolia Sm. 1828. P. pratensisssp. angustifolia Lej.	Narrow-leaved bluegrass	Introduced		NYFA: X	NWG Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Poa pratensis: Moderate (68).

Cinna

According to Soreng et. al. (2014)^[1] Cinna should be included in Poinae.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Cinninae — Cinna
Genus Cinna	Wood reed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cinna arundinacea L.	Stout woodreed, Sweet woodreed, Wood reedgrass	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN NWG Images Wikispecies
Cinna latifolia (Trevis. ex Goepp.) Griseb.	Drooping woodreed, Slender wood reedgrass	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
↑ R.J.Soreng, et. al. (2014) A World-Wide Phylogenic Classification of Poaecea (Gramineae): căo (草), capim, çayır, çimen, darbha, ghaas, ghas, gish, gramas, graminius, gräser, grasses, gyokh, he-ben-ke, hullu, kasa, kusa, nyasi, pastos, pillu, pullu, zlaki, etc. (rev. 5 Apr 2014)

Apera

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Apera
Genus Apera	Silky bent	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Apera interrupta (L.) P.Beauv. Agrostis interrupta Apera interrupta P.Beauv.	Dense silky bentgrass, Interrupted windgrass	Introduced, Naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Apera spica-venti	Silky bentgrass, Loose silkybent, Common windgrass	Introduced, Unk. naturalization		NYFA: Xun	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Ventenata

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Ventenata
Genus Ventenata Köhlerer (excluded taxa)	North Africa grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ventenata dubia (Leers) Coss. 1855. Ventenata dubia (Leers) Coss.	North Africa grass	Introduced, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

← Poaceae 3	Flora of New York — Poaceae 4: Poeae				→ Commelinales, Zingiberales, Ceratophyllales
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

[1] When separated into subspecies, A. hirtum ssp. arcticum is the only North American native of the species. The New York Flora Atlas (2016) treats all A. hirtum subspecies as one variable taxon, baed on Allred and Barkworth (2007).

[2] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Anthoxanthum monticola ssp. monticola. Endangered, S1/GNL.

[3] R.J. Soreng, (2003). "Phalaris." In Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48: 479–488.

[MIAC8-4] Paul M. Catling, Gisèle Mitrow, and Liette Vasseur (2014) "Major Invasive Alien Plants of Canada. 8. Reed Canarygrass." The Canadian Botanical Association Bulletin Vol. 47 No.1. Mar. 2014.

[5] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Phalaris arundinacea: Highly invasive (78).

[CP3-6] Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)

[7] Although Phalaris arundinacea var. arundinacea is native to much of North America, its Eurasian ecotype has been widely planted and become a problem in North America.

[8] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Agrostis.gigantea: M 68 (all).

[9] Delisle-Oldham &al. (2008). "Taxonomic Recognition of Ammophila champlainensis and Morphological Variation in Northeastern North American Ammophila (Poaceae)." Rhodora 110(942): 29–156, 2008

[10] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Ammophila breviligulata ssp. champlainensis. Endangered, S1/G2G3Q.

[11] Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) lists C. canadensis var. langsdorfii as a synonym of C. canadensis.

[12] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Calamagrostis stricta. Endangered, S1/Gx.

[13] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for ssssssssssss. Endangered, S1S2/G4T4.

[14] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Calamagrostis perplexa. Endangered, S1/G1.

[15] Grass Manual on the Web and USDA-NRCS seem to contradict about the North American nativity of Sclerochloa dura.

[16] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Festuca saximontana var. saximontana . Endangered, S1/G5T5.

[17] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Festuca filiformis: Moderate (60).

[Schedonorus-18] Stephen J. Darbyshire (1993). "Realignment of Festuca subg. Schedonorus with the genus Lolium (Poaceae)". Novon. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. 3 (3): 239–243. JSTOR 3391460.
• Stephen J. Darbyshire. "Schedonorus treatment". Grass Manual on the Web (updated 2009).
• "Schedonorus P. Beauv". Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). 2010. Retrieved 27 February 2013. Current Standing: accepted
• "Schedonorus P. Beauv". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). USDA-ARS. 13 August 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2013. Probable synonym of: Festuca L. … placed by some in Lolium L.
• "Lolium giganteum (L.) Darbysh". Catalogue of New World Grasses. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 27 February 2013.

[19] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Schedonorus arundinaceus: Moderate (65).

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