Flora of New York/Poaceae 2

A reviewed version of this page, approved on 18 September 2019, was based off this revision.

← Poaceae 1	Flora of New York — Poaceae 2				→ Poaceae 3
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

Poales genus index

Subfamily Danthonioideae

Tribe Danthonieae

Danthonia

Poales — Poaceae — Danthonioideae — Danthonieae
Genus Danthonia	Oat grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Danthonia spicata (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem.& Schult. 1753. Avena spicata L. 1817. Danthonia spicata (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem.& Schult. 1913. Pentameris spicata (L.) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.	Poverty grass, Poverty oatgrass, Poverty oat grass	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Danthonia compressa Austin 1869. Danthonia compressa Austin 1871. D. spicatavar. compressa 1909. Merathrepta compressa (Austin) A. Heller 1913. Pentameris compressa (Austin) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr.	Northern oat grass, Flattened oatgrass	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Genus Danthonia (excluded taxa)	Oat grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Danthonia sericea Nutt. 1818. Danthonia sericea Nutt. 1901. Danthonia epilis Scribn.	Downy oat grass, Downy danthonia	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Danthonia compressa × spicata Danthonia compressa × Danthonia spicata	Hybrid of northern oat grass & poverty grass	Native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	Images Wikispecies

Subfamily Chloridoideae

Tribe Eragrostideae

Subtribe Eragrostidinae

Eragrostis

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Eragrostideae — Eragrostidinae — Eragrostis
Genus Eragrostis	Lovegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees	Lace grass, Tiny love-grass	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Eragrostis frankii C.A.Mey. ex Steud.	Frank's love-grass, Sandbar lovegrass	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.	Teal love grass	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Eragrostis spectabilis	Purple lovegrass	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees ex Steud. var. pectinacea	Tufted lovegrass, Spreading lovegrass, Purple lovegrass	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees ex Steud. var. miserrima (Fourn.) J.Reeder	Desert lovegrass	Introduced, N. America native		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Alph. Wood	Sand lovegrass	Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P.Beauv. var. pilosa 1753. Poa pilosa L. 1812. Eragrostis pilosa P.Beauv.	India love-grass, Hairy love-grass, Soft love-grass, Jersey love-grass Pâturin poilu	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vign. ex Janchen E. major Host E. megastachya (Koeler) Link Poa cilianensis All.	Stinkgrass, Candygrass	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Eragrostis minor Host	Little lovegrass	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees E. chloromelas Steud. E. robusta Stent	Weeping lovegrass, Boer love grass	Introduced, Invasive, NYIS: 57%^[1], Invasive		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Eragrostis curvula: Moderate (57).

Subtribe Uniolinae

Uniola

Sea oats (Uniola paniculata) are native to the southeastern coastal United States, Mexico, Bahamas and Cuba. They are not known to have naturalized any farther north than Delaware. Sea oats produce few seeds and spread primarily by rhizomes. This plant is no longer considered to be a close relative of Chasmanthium latifolium (Indian woodoats) which was once placed in this genus as Uniola latifolia and is sometimes known as "northern sea oats".

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Eragrostideae — Uniolinae — Uniola
Genus Uniola	Uniola	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Uniola paniculata L. 1753. Uniola paniculata L.	Seaoats, Sea oats, Seaside oats, North American sea-oats Araña, Arroz de costa	Introduced, N. America native FACU		NYFA: Not listed	USDA-N BONAP Images Wikispecies

Tribe Zoysieae

Subtribe Sporobolinae

Sporobolus

The subgeneric classification used here for Sporobolus (Dropseed) is from Peterson et. al. (2014), which includes the genera Calamovilfa, Crypsis, Spartina, and Thellungia (most of Sporobolinae) within Sporobolus to make it monophyletic.^[1]

Sporobolus sect. Clandestini

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Zoysieae — Sporobolinae — Sporobolus sect. Clandestini
Genus Sporobolus sect. Clandestini	Dropseed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sporobolus neglectus Nash 1895. Sporobolus neglectus Nash 1901. Sporobolus vaginiflorus var. neglectus Scribn. 1954. Sporobolus vaginiflorus var. neglectus Shinners [isonym]	Small dropseed, Puffsheath dropseed Sporobole négligé	Native, Secure Annual, Graminoid		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr. ex A. Gray) Alph. Wood var. vaginiflorus	Sheathed dropseed, Poverty dropseed	Native, Secure Annual, Graminoid		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies
Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. var. compositus 1803. Agrostis aspera Michx. [illeg.] 1823. Agrostis longifolia Torr. 1829. Sporobolus asper (P.Beauv.) Kunth 1901. Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr.	Composite dropseed, Tall dropseed, Rough dropseed, Rushgrass Sporobole rude	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4-5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Sporobolus clandestinus (Biehler) Hitchc. 1807. Agrostis clandestina Biehler 1861. Sporobolus longifolius Alph.Wood 1901. Sporobolus canovirens Nash 1908. Sporobolus clandestinus Hitchc. 1954. S. aspervar. canovirens Shinners 1954. S. aspervar. clandestinus Shinners 1995. S. compositusvar. clandestinus	Rough dropseed, Hidden dropseed	Native, Endangered Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: 1	USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ Paul M. Peterson, Konstantin Romaschenko, Y. Herrera Arrieta, J.M. Saarela (2014). "A molecular phylogeny and new subgeneric classification of Sporobolus (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Sporobolinae)." TAXON 63(6) - December 2014: 1212–1243.

Sporobolus sect. Calamovilfa

Because the genus Calamovilfa (sandreed) has been found to be embedded within a paraphyletic Sporobolus genus, Peterson et. al. (2014) recommended the transfer of the Calamovilfa species to a subsection within Sporobolus.^[1]

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Zoysieae — Sporobolinae — Sporobolus sect. Calamovilfa
Genus Sporobolus subsect. Floridani	Dropseed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sporobolus heterolepis (A.Gray) A.Gray 1835. Vilfa heterolepis A.Gray 1848. Sporobolus heterolepis in…	Northern dropseed, Prairie dropseed	Native, CoC: 10, Threatened FACU Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: 2	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Genus Sporobolus subsect. Calamovilfa	Sandreed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sporobolus rigidus (Buckley) P.M.Peterson var. magnus P.M.Peterson 1901. Calamovilfa longifolia var. magna Scribn.& Merr. 2014. Sporobolus rigidus var. magnus P.M.Peterson	Prairie sandreed, Sand reed-grass	Introduced, N. America native, Likely extirpated in NY		NYFA: XZm	USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies
↑ Paul M. Peterson, Konstantin Romaschenko, Y. Herrera Arrieta, J.M. Saarela (2014). "A molecular phylogeny and new subgeneric classification of Sporobolus (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Sporobolinae)." TAXON 63(6) - December 2014: 1212–1243.

Sporobolus sect. Pyramidati

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Zoysieae — Sporobolinae — Sporobolus sect. Pyramidati
Genus Sporobolus sect. Pyramidati subsect. Pyramidati	Dropseed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sporobolus pyramidatus (Lam.) Hitchc.	Whorled dropseed	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies
Sporobolus contractus Hitchc. 1882. S. cryptandrusvar. strictus 1901. S. strictus (Scribn.) Merr. (i) 1915. S. contractus Hitchc.	Narrow-spiked dropseed, Spike dropseed	Introduced from western U.S.A., northern Mexico, N.Y. excluded Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Sporobolus sect. Cryptandri

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Zoysieae — Sporobolinae — Sporobolus sect. Cryptandri
Genus Sporobolus sect. Cryptandri	Dropseed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A.Gray 1824. Agrostis cryptandra Torr. 1840. Vilfa cryptandra (Torr.) Trin. 1848. Sporobolus cryptandrus A.Gray 1870. Sporobolus subinclusus Phil.	Sand dropseed, Prairie grass Sporobole à fleurs cacnées	Native, Unranked FACU-UPL Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: U	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies

Sporobolus sect. Sporobolus

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Zoysieae — Sporobolinae — Sporobolus sect. Sporobolus
Genus Sporobolus sect. Sporobolus	Dropseed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sporobolus indicus	Blackseed, Smut grass	Introduced		NYFA: Xm	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies

Sporobolus sect. Airoides

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Zoysieae — Sporobolinae — Sporobolus sect. Airoides
Genus Sporobolus sect. Airoides	Dropseed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sporobolus airoides (Torr.) Torr. 1824. Agrostis airoides Torr. 1841. Vilfa airoides Trin. ex Steud. 1854. Vilfa airoides Trin. ex Steud. hom? 1856. Sporobolus airoides Torr.	Alkali sacaton	Introduced from western N.A., Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Sporobolus sect. Spartina

Because the genus Spartina (Cordgrass) has been found to be embedded within a paraphyletic Sporobolus genus, Peterson et. al. (2014) recommended the transfer of the Spartina species to a section within Sporobolus.^[1]^[2]

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Zoysieae — Sporobolinae — Sporobolus sect. Spartina
Genus Sporobolus sect. Spartina subsect. Spartina	Cordgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sporobolus michauxianus (Hitchc.) P.M.Peterson & Saarela 1803. Trachynotia cynosuroides Michx. 1820. Spartina pectinata Link 1908. Spartina michauxiana Hitchc. 2014. Sporobolus michauxianus P.M.Peterson & Saarela non Sporobolus pectinatus Hack.	Fresh water cordgrass, Prairie cordgrass	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Sporobolus pumilus (Roth) P.M.Peterson & Saarela 1789. Dactylis patens Aiton 1806. Spartina pumila Roth 1817. Spartina patens Muhl. 2014. Sporobolus pumilus P.M.Peterson & Saarela non Sporobolus patens Swallen	Saltmeadow cordgrass, Marshhay cordgrass, Marsh grass	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Sporobolus cynosuroides (L.) P.M.Peterson & Saarela 1753. Dactylis cynosuroides L. 1803. Trachynotia cynosuroides Michx. 1804. Paspalum cynosuroides Brot. 1806. Spartina cynosuroides Roth 1812. Spartina polystachya (Michx.) P. Beauv. 1825. Cynodon cynosuroides Raspail	Salt reedgrass, Big cordgrass	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies
Sporobolus × eatonianus P.M.Peterson & Saarela Sporobolus michauxianus × Sporobolus pumilus 1898. Spartina × caespitosa A.A.Eaton 1906. Spartina patens var. caespitosa Hitchc. 2014. Sporobolus × eatonianus P.M.Peterson & Saarela non Sporobolus caespitosus Kunth	Marsh cordgrass hybrid, Hybrid of Freshwater cordgrass & Saltmeadow cordgrass	Native, Threatened		NYFA: 2?	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Genus Sporobolus sect. Spartina subsect. Alterniflori	Cordgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sporobolus alterniflorus (Loisel.) P.M.Peterson & Saarela 1803. Spartina alterniflora Loisel. 1815. Trachynotia alterniflora DC. 2014. Sporobolus alterniflorus P.M.Peterson & Saarela	Saltwater cordgrass, Smooth cordgrass	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies

Sporobolus sect. Crypsis

Because the genus Crypsis (Picklegrass) has been found to be embedded within a paraphyletic Sporobolus genus, Peterson et. al. (2014) recommended the transfer of the Crypsis species to a subsection within Sporobolus.^[1]

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Zoysieae — Sporobolinae — Sporobolus sect. Crypsis
Genus Sporobolus sect. Crypsis	Prickle grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sporobolus schoenoides (L.) P.M.Peterson 1753. Phleum schoenoides L. 1791. Crypsis schoenoides Lam. 1801. Heleochloa schoenoides Host 2014. Sporobolus schoenoides P.M.Peterson	Swamp pricklegrass, Swamp timothy, Rush-like timothy Crypside faux-choin, Crypsis faux-choin	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa OBL-FACU Annual, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
↑ Paul M. Peterson, Konstantin Romaschenko, Y. Herrera Arrieta, J.M. Saarela (2014). "A molecular phylogeny and new subgeneric classification of Sporobolus (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Sporobolinae)." TAXON 63(6) - December 2014: 1212–1243.

Subtribe Zoysiinae

Zoysia

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Zoysieae — Sporobolinae — Zoysia
Genus Zoysia (excluded taxa)	Zoysiagrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	X NPT
Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr 1771. Agrostis matrella L. 1801. Zoysia pungens Willd. 1891. Osterdamia matrella (L.) Kuntze 1912. Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr	Manila grass, Japanese carpet grass, Korean grass, Siglap grass, Zoysia grass Chiendent gazon	Introduced from Asia, Australia, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Tribe Cynodonteae

Subtribe Gouiniinae

Triplasis

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Gouiniinae
Genus Triplasis	Sand grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Triplasis purpurea (Walter) Chapm. var. purpurea 1788. Aira purpurea Walter 1860. Triplasis purpurea Chapm.	Purple sandgrass	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Eleusininae

Diplachne

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Eleusininae — Diplachne
Genus Diplachne	Sprangle top	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Diplachne fusca (L.) P.Beauv. ssp. fascicularis Diplachne maritima E.P.Bicknell Diplachne acuminata Nash Diplachne fascicularis (Lam.) P.Beauv. Leptochloa fusca ssp. fascicularis Diplachne fusca ssp. fascicularis	Bearded sprangletop, Salt-meadow grass, Saltpond grass	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-NX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Chloris

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Eleusininae — Chloris
Genus Chloris	Windmill grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Chloris ciliata Sw. 1788	Fringed windmill grass	Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Chloris verticillata Nutt.	Tumble windmill grass	Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies
Chloris virgata Sw. (1797)	Feather fingergrass	Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Trichloris

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Eleusininae — Trichloris
Genus Trichloris	False rhodes grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Trichloris crinita (Lag.) Parodi	False rhodes grass	Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent		NYFA: X	USDA-N ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Cynodon

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Eleusininae — Cynodon
Genus Cynodon	Bermuda grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon 1753. Panicum dactylon L. 1805. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. 1806. Digitaria stolonifera Schrad. 1891. Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze	Bermudagrass, Bermuda grass	Introduced		NYFA: Xn	Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Eleusine

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Eleusininae — Eleusine
Genus Eleusine Gaertn.	Goose grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. 1753. Cynosurus indicus L. 1788. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. 1854. Eleusine japonica Steud.	Goose grass, India goosegrass, Indian goosegrass	Introduced from Africa, Asia, Naturalized FACU Annual, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Genus Eleusine Gaertn. (excluded taxa)	Goose grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam. 1786. Cynosurus tristachyos Lam. 1792. Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam.	American crowfoot grass	Introduced from South American, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Eustachys

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Eleusininae — Eustachys
Genus Eustachys	Finger grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Eustachys retusa (Lag.) Kunth	Argentine fingergrass	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies

Dactyloctenium

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Eleusininae — Dactyloctenium
Genus Dactyloctenium	Crowfoot-grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. (1809)	Crowfoot grass, Egyptian grass, Finger grass	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Pappophorinae

Tridens

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Pappophorinae
Genus Tridens	Fluff grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc. var. flavus Triodia flava (L.) Smyth Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc. 1894. Sieglingia sesleroides (Michx.) Scribn.	Purpletop tridens, Tall purple-topped fluffgrass, Purpletop, Redtop, Tall Red Top	Native, CoC: 0, Secure UPL Perennial, Perennial		NYFA: 5	USDA-NX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Pappophorum

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Pappophorinae
Genus Pappophorum	Pappus grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Pappophorum bicolor Fourn.	Pink pappusgrass	Introduced, US South native, Impersistent		NYFA: X	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies
Pappophorum vaginatum Buckley	Whiplash pappusgrass	Introduced, US South native, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Traginae

Tragus

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Traginae
Genus Tragus	Burr grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Tragus berteronianus Schult.	Spiked burr grass, Spiked bur grass, Texas bur, African bur grass	Introduced from Africa, Asia, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Tragus racemosus (L.) All.	Spiked burr grass, Stalked bur grass, Texas bur, European bur grass	Introduced from Africa, Eurasia, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Monanthochloinae

Distichlis

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Monanthochloinae
Genus Distichlis	Salt grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene	Inland saltgrass	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Boutelouinae

Bouteloua

Bouteloua has about 20 species that are native to North America. The two that have been found in New York, sideoats grama and blue grama were both major components of the shortgrass prairie of the Great Plains.^[1] Sideoats grama is still common in the west, but has become rare in the east and in listed as endangered in New York. Blue grama is not considered to be native to the Northeast, and is a rare introduction to New York.

↑ J.K. Wipff "17.46 Bouteloua Lag." published in Barkworth et al. (eds.), Flora of North America vol.

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Boutelouinae — Bouteloua
Genus Bouteloua subg. Bouteloua	Grama	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. var. curtipendula 1803. Chloris curtipendula Michx. 1853. Bouteloua curtipendula Torr.	Sideoats grama, Side-oats grama, Tall grama grass	Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[1]		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Genus Bouteloua subg. Chondrosum	Grama	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths	Blue grama, Blue gramma, Eyelash grass	Introduced, N. America native		NYFA: Xnn	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. var. hirsuta 1805. Bouteloua hirsuta Lag.	Hairy grama	Introduced, N. America native		NYFA: U	ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies
Genus Bouteloua subg. Buchloe	Grama	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) J.T.Columbus	Buffalograss, Buffalo-grass	Introduced from central N. America, N. America native		NYFA: U	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Bouteloua curtipendula var. curtipendula. Endangered, S1/G5T5.

Subtribe Muhlenbergiinae

Muhlenbergia

Poales — Poaceae — Chloridoideae — Cynodonteae — Muhlenbergiinae — Muhlenbergia
Genus Muhlenbergia	Muhly	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fernald 1803. Agrostis lateriflora Michx. 1810. Agrostis frondosa Poir. 1833. M. lateriflora Trin. ex Kunth (i) 1907. M. mexicanassp. commutata Scribn. 1943. M. frondosa (Poir.) Fernald	Wirestem muhly, Wire-stemmed muhly Muhlenbergie feuillée	Native, CoC: 4, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Muhlenbergia glomerata (Willd.) Trin. auct. M. racemosa non BSP	Spike muhly, Spiked muhly, Bog muhly, Marsh muhly Muhlenbergie agglomérée, Muhlenbergia agglomérée	Native, CoC: 10, Secure OBL-FACW		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies
Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. Agrostis mexicana M. ambigua M. foliosa M. mexicanavar. filiformis	Mexican muhly, Wire-stemmed muhly	Native, CoC: 4, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Muhlenbergia schreberi J.F.Gmel.	Nimblewill, Nimblewill muhly, Schreber muhly	Native, CoC: 0, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl. ex Willd.) Trin.	Cliff muhly	Native, CoC: 8, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Muhlenbergia sylvatica (Torr.) Torr. ex A. Gray	Woodland muhly, Forest muhly	Native, CoC: 6, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Muhlenbergia tenuiflora (Willd.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.	Slender muhly	Native, CoC: 8, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Muhlenbergia uniflora (Muhl.) Fernald	Fall dropseed muhly, Bog muhly	Native, CoC: 6, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Trin.	Hairawn muhly	Native, CoC: 10, Likely extirpated		NYFA: Z	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees & Meyen ex Trin.) Parodi	Alkali muhly, Scratchgrass	Introduced, N. America native		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Genus Muhlenbergia (excluded taxa)	Muhly	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Muhlenbergia torreyana (Schult.) Hitchc. M. torreyana (Schult.) Hitchc.	New Jersey muhly	N. America native, N.Y. excluded FACW Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies
Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. M. racemosa (Michx.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.	Marsh muhly	N. America native, N.Y. excluded FAC-FACU Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies

Subfamily Aristidoideae

Tribe Aristideae

Aristida

Poales — Poaceae — Aristidoideae — Aristida
Genus Aristida	Threeawn	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aristida dichotoma Michx. var. dichotoma	Churchmouse threeawn, Shinners three-awned grass	Native, CoC: 3, Secure FACU Annual, Graminioid		NYFA: 5 iNat	USDA-NX Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies
Aristida purpurascens Poir. var. purpurascens	Arrow-feather threeawn ⓘ Arrow feather threeawn ⓘ Arrowfeather threeawn ⓘ	Native, CoC: 5, Unranked		NYFA: NU iNat	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Aristida tuberculosa Nutt.	Seaside threeawn ⓘ	Native, CoC: 7, Unranked Annual, Graminoid		NYFA: 3 iNat	USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Aristida basiramea Engelm. ex Vasey	Forked threeawn, Forked three-awned grass, Branching needle-grass	Native, CoC: 0, Endangered, NYNHP: S1S2^[1]		NYFA: U iNat	USDA-NN Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies
Aristida geniculata Raf. 1816. Aristida gracilis Elliott 1817. Aristida geniculata Raf. 1901. Aristida intermedia Scribn. & C.R.Ball 1933. Aristida longespica var. geniculata (Raf.) Fernald 1954. Aristida necopina Shinners	Kearney’s threeawn	Native, CoC: 5, Endangered, NYNHP: S1^[2]		NYFA: 1 iNat	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Aristida longespica Poir.	Slimspike threeawn, Slim-spiked threeawn	Native, CoC: 8, Endangered, NYNHP: S1^[3]		NYFA: H iNat	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Aristida adscensionis L. Aristida fasciculata Torr.	Sixweeks threeawn, Six-weeks three-awn grass	Introduced, Waif		NYFA: X iNat	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies
Aristida oligantha Michx.	Prairie three-awn grass	Introduced		NYFA: X iNat	Go Botany Images Wikispecies
↑ A. basiramea (Fork-tipped Threeawn) G5-S1S2-U New York Rare Plant Status Lists, March 2019, Compiled by Stephen M. Young, New York Natural Heritage Program. ↑ A. geniculata (Kearney's Threeawn) G5T5?-S1-U New York Rare Plant Status Lists, March 2019, Compiled by Stephen M. Young, New York Natural Heritage Program. ↑ A. longespica (Slender Threeawn) G5T5?-S1-U New York Rare Plant Status Lists, March 2019, Compiled by Stephen M. Young, New York Natural Heritage Program.

Subfamily Arundinoideae

Phragmites

The vast majority of Phragmites (common reed) in New York today is of the introduced Eurasian lineage (haplotype M) Phragmites australis subsp. australis. The native lineage (haplotype E) P. australis subsp. americanus is only known to be present in the vicinity of Montezuma Swamp in Cayuga County, although it is likely to have been present, and may still be present elsewhere in the state.

Although the native and non-native Phragmites strains normally share habitats (until the natives are replaced by the non-natives), hybrids of the two were not discovered in the field until 2014, when a hybrid clone was discovered at the Montezuma site.^[1]

↑ Kristin Saltonstall (2014). "Hybrid Phragmites australis in North America" Great Lakes Phragmites Collaborative website. October 2014.

Poales — Poaceae — Arundinoideae — Phragmites
Genus Phragmites	Reed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Phragmites americanus (Saltonst., P.M.Peterson & Soreng) A.Haines 2004. Phragmites australis ssp. americanus ^[1] 2010. P. americanus (Saltonst., P.M.Peterson & Soreng) A.Haines^[2] auct. P. communisssp. berlandieri auct. P. communisvar. berlandieri	American reed, American common reed, American reedgrass Roseau d'Amérique	Native, CoC: 7, Rare		NYFA: 3	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. 1753. Arundo phragmites L. 1799. Arundo australis Cav. 1820. P. communis Trin. 1841. P. australis Trin. ex Steud. 1881. P. phragmites (L.) Karst.	Common reed, Phragmites, European reed, European reedgrass, Phragmites Roseau commun	Introduced, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 92%^[3], CP-2^[4]		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Phragmites australis × Phragmites americanus^[5] P. australis ssp. americanus × P. australis ssp. australis	Hybrid of American reed & Common reed	Introduced, Unranked		NYFA: U	USDA-X Go Botany BONAP CABI Images Wikispecies
Genus Phragmites (excluded species)	Reed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Phragmites berlandieri E.Fourn. 1877. P. berlandieri E.Fourn. 1932. P. communisvar. berlandieri 1954. P. communisssp. berlandieri 1987. P. australisvar. berlandieri 2007. P. australisssp. berlandieri	Subtropical common reed	N. America native, Excuded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-N0 Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ Kristin Saltonstall, Paul M. Peterson, and Robert J. Soreng (2004) Recognition of Phragmites australis subsp. americanus (Poaceae:Arundinoideae) in North America: evidence from morphological and genetic analysis. SIDA 21(2): 683-692. ↑ Arthur Haines (2010) New Combinations in the New England Traceophyte Flora: Phragmites americanus (Saltonstall, P.M. Peterson, & Soreng) A. Haines, comb. et stat. nov. Stantec Botanical Notes ISSN 1541-8626, Number 13. 8 September 2010 ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Phragmites australis: Very high (92). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY. ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Saltonstall, K., Castillo, H. E., & Blossey, B. (2014). Confirmed field hybridization of native and introduced Phragmites australis (Poaceae) in North America. American journal of botany, 101(1), 211-215.

Molinia

Poales — Poaceae — Arundinoideae — Molinia
Genus Molinia	Moor grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench 1753. Aira caerulea L. 1771. Melica caerulea L. 1794. Molinia caerulea Moench	Purple moorgrass, Purple moor grass Molinie bleue	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa FACU Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies

Subfamily Ehrhartoideae

Tribe Oryzeae

Subtribe Oryzinae

Leersia

Poales — Poaceae — Ehrhartoideae — Oryzeae — Oryzinae
Genus Leersia	Cut grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw.	Rice cutgrass, Ricegrass	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Leersia virginica Willd. (1797)	Virginia cutgrass, Whitegrass	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Zizaniinae

Zizania

Poales — Poaceae — Ehrhartoideae — Oryzeae — Zizaniinae
Genus Zizania	Wildrice	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Zizania aquatica L. var. aquatica 1753. Zizania aquatica L. 1967. Zizania aquaticavar. subbrevis	Annual wildrice, Eastern wild rice, Indian rice	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Zizania palustris L. var. palustris 1771. Zizania palustris L. 1906. Zizania aquaticavar. angustifolia 1971. Zizania aquaticassp. angustifolia	Northern wildrice, Northern wild rice	Native, Unranked		NYFA: U	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Subfamily Bambusoideae

The bamboo subfamily, Bambusoideae Luerss. (1893). Synonyms: Olyroideae Pilg. (1956), Parianoideae Butzin (1965).

Tribe Arundinarieae

The Arundinarieae contains about 500 temperate woody bamboo species. Most are native to Asia, with only three native to the Western Hemisphere. However, all bamboo species that are known to have naturalized in New York are considered to be invasive or potentially invasive.

Arundinaria

The three North American bamboo or cane species comprise the genus Arundinaria and are from the southeastern United States.^[1] ^[2] Although listed in New York's Non-Native Plant Species Invasiveness Assessment,^[3] both of these species have been excluded from the New York Flora Atlas.

Poales — Poaceae — Bambusoideae — Arundinarieae — Arundinaria
Genus Arundinaria	Cane	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Arundinaria tecta (Walter) Muhl. 1788. Arundo tecta Walter 1813. Arundinaria tecta Muhl. 1871. A. macrospermavar. tecta Alph.Wood 1893. A. giganteavar. tecta Scribn 1973. A. giganteassp. tecta McClure	Switch cane	Introduced from southern US, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 60%^[3], Excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Arundinaria gigantea (Walter) Muhl. 1788. Arundo gigantea Walter 1803. Arundinaria macrosperma Michx. 1813. Arundinaria gigantea Muhl. 1818. Miegia gigantea Nutt. 1973. A. giganteassp. macrosperma McClure	Giant cane, River cane, Canebreak bamboo	Introduced from southern US, Potentially invasive, NYIS: 60%^[3], Excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ Jimmy Triplett. Iowa State University. "Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Arundinaria (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) ↑ Jimmy K. Triplett & Lynn G. Clark (2009). "Towards a Stable Nomenclature for the North American Temperate Bamboos: Epitypification of Arundo gigantea Walt. and Arundinaria macrosperma Michx. (Poaceae)" Castanea Vol. 74, No. 3, pp. 207-212 ↑ ^a ^b ^c New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment .

Phyllostachys

Poales — Poaceae — Bambusoideae — Arundinarieae — Phyllostachys
Genus Phyllostachys	Bamboo	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	2 NPT
Phyllostachys aureosulcata McClure 1945. Phyllostachys aureosulcata McClure 1980. P. aureosulcata f. spectabilis	Yellow-groove bamboo	Introduced from China, Potentially invasive, NYIS: 71%^[1]		NYFA: 0	USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Phyllostachys aurea Carrière ex Rivière & C.Rivière 1878. Phyllostachys aurea Rivière & al.	Golden bamboo, Fish-pole bamboo	Introduced from China, Taiwan, Potentially invasive, NYIS: 71%^[1]		NYFA: 0	USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
↑ ^a ^b New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment .

Pseudosasa

Poales — Poaceae — Bambusoideae — Arundinarieae — Pseudosasa
Genus Pseudosasa	Arrow bamboo	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1 NPT
Pseudosasa amabilis (McClure) Keng f. ex S.L.Chen et al. 1931. Arundinaria amabilis McClure 1957. Pseudosasa amabilis Keng f. nom. inval. 1996. Pseudosasa amabilis S.L.Chen et al.	Arrow bamboo, Tea-stick bamboo, Tonkin cane	Introduced from China, Potentially invasive		NYFA: 0	USDA-00 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Pseudosasa japonica (Siebold & Zucc. ex Steud.) Makino ex Nakai 1854. Arundinaria japonica Siebold & al. 1912. Sasa japonica Makino 1920. Pseudosasa japonica Makino nom. inval. 1925. Pseudosasa japonica Nakai	Arrow bamboo	Introduced from Japan, Korea, Potentially invasive, NYIS: 55%^[1]		NYFA: 0	USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Pseudosasa japonica: Potential (55).

← Poaceae 1	Flora of New York — Poaceae 2				→ Poaceae 3
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

[1] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Eragrostis curvula: Moderate (57).

[2] Paul M. Peterson, Konstantin Romaschenko, Y. Herrera Arrieta, J.M. Saarela (2014). "A molecular phylogeny and new subgeneric classification of Sporobolus (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Sporobolinae)." TAXON 63(6) - December 2014: 1212–1243.

[3] Paul M. Peterson, Konstantin Romaschenko, Y. Herrera Arrieta, J.M. Saarela (2014). "A molecular phylogeny and new subgeneric classification of Sporobolus (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Sporobolinae)." TAXON 63(6) - December 2014: 1212–1243.

[4] Paul M. Peterson, Konstantin Romaschenko, Y. Herrera Arrieta, J.M. Saarela (2014). "A molecular phylogeny and new subgeneric classification of Sporobolus (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Sporobolinae)." TAXON 63(6) - December 2014: 1212–1243.

[5] Mary Barkworth. "17.45 Treatment for Spartina Schreb." The Grass Manual on the Web.

[6] Paul M. Peterson, Konstantin Romaschenko, Y. Herrera Arrieta, J.M. Saarela (2014). "A molecular phylogeny and new subgeneric classification of Sporobolus (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Sporobolinae)." TAXON 63(6) - December 2014: 1212–1243.

[7] J.K. Wipff "17.46 Bouteloua Lag." published in Barkworth et al. (eds.), Flora of North America vol.

[8] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Bouteloua curtipendula var. curtipendula. Endangered, S1/G5T5.

[9] A. basiramea (Fork-tipped Threeawn) G5-S1S2-U New York Rare Plant Status Lists, March 2019, Compiled by Stephen M. Young, New York Natural Heritage Program.

[10] A. geniculata (Kearney's Threeawn) G5T5?-S1-U New York Rare Plant Status Lists, March 2019, Compiled by Stephen M. Young, New York Natural Heritage Program.

[11] A. longespica (Slender Threeawn) G5T5?-S1-U New York Rare Plant Status Lists, March 2019, Compiled by Stephen M. Young, New York Natural Heritage Program.

[12] Kristin Saltonstall (2014). "Hybrid Phragmites australis in North America" Great Lakes Phragmites Collaborative website. October 2014.

[13] Kristin Saltonstall, Paul M. Peterson, and Robert J. Soreng (2004) Recognition of Phragmites australis subsp. americanus (Poaceae:Arundinoideae) in North America: evidence from morphological and genetic analysis. SIDA 21(2): 683-692.

[14] Arthur Haines (2010) New Combinations in the New England Traceophyte Flora: Phragmites americanus (Saltonstall, P.M. Peterson, & Soreng) A. Haines, comb. et stat. nov. Stantec Botanical Notes ISSN 1541-8626, Number 13. 8 September 2010

[15] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Phragmites australis: Very high (92). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY.

[16] Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)

[17] Saltonstall, K., Castillo, H. E., & Blossey, B. (2014). Confirmed field hybridization of native and introduced Phragmites australis (Poaceae) in North America. American journal of botany, 101(1), 211-215.

[1]

[1]

[1]

[1]

[2]

[1]

[1]

[1]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[1]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[1]

[1]