Experimental Petrology and Metallurgy/Print version
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Concepts/Calibration
Pre-experimental Calibration[edit | edit source]
In-situ measurements[edit | edit source]
Temperature[edit | edit source]
Pressure[edit | edit source]
Deviatoric stress[edit | edit source]
Apparatus/Multi Anvil Presses
Introduction[edit | edit source]
History[edit | edit source]
Assembly Types[edit | edit source]
Much of the material below comes from Kawazoe, Takaaki. "Multianvil Apparatus".
First stage anvils[edit | edit source]
Kawai-type[edit | edit source]
In the Kawai-type multianvil apparatus (multianvil 6-8 system; Kawai and Endo, 1970), sample pressure is generated by successive compression: (1) Hydraulic ram(s) drive six first-stage anvils (via guide blocks). (2) The six first-stage anivls compress eight second-stage anvils. (3) The second-stage anvils compress an octahedral cell assembly.
Split-cylinder type[edit | edit source]
Walker-type[edit | edit source]
(Walker et al., 1990)
Split-sphere type[edit | edit source]
6-ram[edit | edit source]
Oil reservoir[edit | edit source]
(Kawai and Endo, 1970)
(D)-DIA-type[edit | edit source]
(Ohtani et al., 1989)
(D)T-Cup-type[edit | edit source]
Cubic-type[edit | edit source]
Second stage anvils[edit | edit source]
Gaskets[edit | edit source]
Cell assembly[edit | edit source]
Pressure media[edit | edit source]
Heaters[edit | edit source]
Capsules[edit | edit source]
Thermocouples[edit | edit source]
Common Designs[edit | edit source]
25/18[edit | edit source]
18/11[edit | edit source]
14/8[edit | edit source]
10/5[edit | edit source]
7/3[edit | edit source]
Cell Preparation[edit | edit source]
Starting materials
Preparing starting mixes[edit | edit source]
Synthetic compounds[edit | edit source]
| Component (mostly oxides) | Added as | Motivation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Na2O | Na2CO3 | Oxide hygroscopic | -- |
| CaO | CaCO3 | Oxide hygroscopic | -- |
| K2O | K2CO3 | Oxide hygroscopic | -- |
| FeO | Fe2O3 | Oxide non-stoichiometric | -- |
| MgO | MgO / Mg2SiO4 | Oxide hygroscopic | -- |
| Al2O3 | Al2O3 | Fire at 1000 C before weighing | -- |
| Cr2O3 | Cr2O3 | Fire at 1000 C before weighing | -- |
| SiO2 | SiO2 | Fire at 1000 C before weighing | -- |
| P2O5 | Ca3(PO4)2 | Very hygroscopic | -- |
| CO2 | Carbonates (see above) | Heat gently before weighing. MgCO3 should be natural magnesite, as excess water is impossible to drive off the structure. | -- |
| H2O | Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3, PtO2.4H2O | Liquid water difficult to weigh | -- |
Decarbonation[edit | edit source]
- Put powders into a crucible
- Place in 1 atm furnace at room temperature
- Heat slowly (over at least two hours to avoid spitting during decarbonation) to around 200 K above decarbonation temperature.
Gas mixing[edit | edit source]
Pelletisation
Gas mixing with H2-CO or CO-CO2. Make sure there is >20 mol% of both gases to ensure good control of fO2.
Sol-gel[edit | edit source]
Starting form[edit | edit source]
Glasses[edit | edit source]
Crystalline powder[edit | edit source]