Elementary Spanish/Tradition:Unit1

Goals

• Introduce language used at holidays and gatherings
• Begin Present Tense
• Advance production for simple present tense phrases.

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Articles and Nouns

Articles in Spanish are classified in two sets of categories.
These two sections, gender and number, determine how nouns are treated within a sentence.

Article Description Feminine: Singular La : The Una: A Plural Las: The Unas A Examples: La amiga. ---> Las amigas. Una casa. ---> Unas casas.	Article Description Masculine: Singular El : The Un: A Plural Los The Unos A Examples: Un amigo. --> Unos amigos. El hogar --> Los hogares

Nouns: Family Traditions

General Vocabulary Español Inglés comida food familia family amigo friend cena dinner casa house apartamento apartment hogar home restaurante restaurant fiesta party Holiday Types Español Inglés Navidad Christmas Kwanzaa Kwanzaa Hanukkah Hanukkah Día de los Muertos Day of the Dead Solsticio de Invierno Winter Solstice Diwali (Festival de las luces) Diwali (Festival of lights) Pascua Easter Año Nuevo New Years Día de Independencia Independence Day

Subject Pronouns

Classes of gender and number also exist within subject pronouns.
These two sections, gender and number, determine how nouns are treated within a sentence.
In Spanish, it is common for subject pronouns to be omitted, as they are incorporated as part of a verb conjugation.
We will begin verb conjugations next.

Nouns Check Point Activity:

Subject Pronouns
Persona Person Español Inglés Yo I Tú You Él He Ella She Nosotros We Ellos They Ellas They (females)

Infinitive Verbs: Family Tradition

There are three broad categories of verb-types in Spanish:
Verbs that end in ...

• -AR*
  
• -ER*
  
• -IR*
  

Infinitive Verb List
Regular Verbs Español Inglés preparar to prepare invitar to invite cocinar to cook viajar to travel celebrar to celebrate decorar to decorate deber should comer to eat vivir to live escribir to write leer to read	Irregular Verbs Español Inglés ir to go venir to come tener to have salir to go out / to leave querer to want ser to be (permanent) estar to be (temporary)

Conjugated Verbs:Present Tense

In Spanish, verbs are conjugated depending on the subject they are associated with, as well as the tense.
For now, we will focus on Present Simple Tense
Each subject pronoun is associated with a particular verb-ending type.

Subject - Verb Ending Conjugations
Persona Verb ends in: Español Inglés Yo : I -o Tú : You -as / -es Él : He -a / -e Ella: She -a / -e Nosotros: We -amos / -emos Ellos / Ellas: They -an / -en

The general formula for creating verb conjugations is to replace the infinitive verb ending (-ar/-er/-ir) with the appropriate ending of the subject.
Although there are three verb-ending categories, -er and -ir verbs tend to share most of the conjugation endings.

Regular Verbs: Present Tense

-Ar Verbs Table -AR Verbs Subject Pronoun Verb Ending Infinitive Verb Conjugated Verb Example - Spanish Example - Translation Yo -o celebrar celebro Yo celebro a la fiesta. I celebrate at the party. Tú -as invitar invitas Tú invitas a tú amigo. You invite your friend. Él -a preparar prepara Él prepara la comida. He prepares the food. Ella -a cocinar cocina Ella cocina la cena. She cooks the dinner. Nosotros -amos viajar viajamos Viajamos a Florida cada Navidad. We travel to Florida every Christmas. Ellos / Ellas -an decorar decoran Ellos no decoran el árbol. They don't decorate the tree. ER/IR Verbs Table -ER / -IR Verbs Subject Pronoun Verb Ending Infinitive Verb Conjugated Verb Example - Spanish Example - Translation Yo -o comer como Yo como la cena. I eat the dinner. Tú -es escribir escribes Tú escribes una carta. You write a card. Él -e leer lee Él lee la carta. He reads the card. Ella -e vivir vive Ella vive en Nueva York. She lives in New York. Nosotros -imos / -emos comer comemos Comemos juntos a la fiesta del Día de Independenia. We eat together at the Independence Day party. Nosotros -imos / -emos vivir vivimos Nostoros vivimos en Mexico. We live in Mexico. Ellos -en deber deben Ellos deben cocinar. They should cook.