Devanagari/Alphabet
The Devanagari alphabet
In Devanagari, there are 14 vowels and 33 consonants (conjunct consonants included).
The alphabet written with pronunciation
Here are the symbols in an "alphabetic" order. The vowels are on top, followed by the consonants.
| phoneme | pronunciation, transcription |
example (in English) |
example (in Hindi) |
| Vowels | |||
| अ | a (short) | fun | अब (ab, now) |
| आ | â (long) | father | आठ (âth, eight) |
| इ | i (short) | sick | इमली (imlï, Tamarind) |
| ई | î (long) | sheer | मिठाई (mithâï, sweets) |
| उ | ou (short) | put | उर्दू (Urdū) |
| ऊ | oû (long) | shoot | ऊन (oûn, wool) |
| ऋ | ri | crystal | ऋषि (rishi, wise (person)) |
| ऍ | e | spend | ऍडवर्द (Edward, English pronunciation) |
| ए | é | (French) née | एक (ék, one) |
| ऐ | éï | hi | ऐनक (éïnak, glasses) |
| ऑ | o (long, open) | robot | ऑक्सिजन (oxygen) |
| ओ | ô (closed) | loaf | ओड़िया (Oriya) |
| औ | aô (long) | scout | औरत (aôrat, woman) |
| ा | â (long, middle of a word) | सामान (sâmân, baggage) | |
| ि | i (short, middle of a word) | पिता (pitâ, father) | |
| ी | i (long, middle of a word) | घी (ghî, butter) | |
| ु | ou (short, middle of a word) | दुकान (doukân, shop) | |
| ू | oû (long, middle of a word) | जूता (joûtâ, shoe) | |
| ृ | ri (middle of a word) | कृषि (krichi, agriculture) | |
| ॅ | e (middle of a word) | क्रॅडिट (credit, credit) | |
| े | é (middle of a word) | देना (dénâ, to give) | |
| ै | éï (middle of a word) | है (héï, is (verb "to be")) | |
| ॉ | o (long, open, middle of a word) |
कॉलेज (koléj, college, university) | |
| ो | ô (closed, middle of a word) | सोमवार (sômvâr, Monday) | |
| ौ | aô (middle of a word) | नौ (naô, nine) | |
| ं | (anusvâr, nasalises the preceding vowel) | रंग (rang, color) | |
| ँ | (chandrabindu, nasalises the preceding vowel) | on, an | फ़्राँसीसी (fransîsî, French) |
| अः | ah (in the middle of a word, only the two points are used) |
दुःख (duhkh, sadness) | |
| Consonants | |||
| क | k | come | कमरा (kamrâ, room) |
| क़ | k (words of Arabic origin) | crisp | क़मीज़ (kamîz, shirt) |
| ख | kh | khaki | लिखना (likhnâ, write) |
| ख़ | kh | khaki | अख़बार (akhbâr, Newspaper) |
| ग | g | girl | गाना (gânâ, song, to sing) |
| ग़ | g | gum | ग़रीब (garîb, poor) |
| घ | gh | घर (ghar, home, dwelling) | |
| ङ् | unu | finger | वाङ्मय (Vaadmay, helpful) |
| च | tch | Tchechen | चार (tchâr, four) |
| छ | tchh | छे (tchhé, six) | |
| ज | dj | gene | जाना (djânâ, to go) |
| ज़ | z (words of Arabic origin) | zero | मेज़ (méz, table) |
| झ | djh | झूठ (djhoûth, lie) | |
| ञ | gn (only in combination with च छ ज झ) | Gnarl | ज्ञान (Knowledge) |
| ट | t | Tommy | पेट (pét, stomach) |
| ठ | th | मराठी (Marathi) | |
| ड | d | एडी (édî, ankle) | |
| ड़ | r (rolling) | भेड़ (bhér, sheep) | |
| ढ | dh | ढेर (dhér, accumulation) | |
| ढ़ | rh | डेढ़ (dérh, one and a half) | |
| ण | n | अणु (anou, atome, molecula) | |
| त | t | तमिल (tamil, Tamil) | |
| थ | th | thick | हाथ (hâth, hand) |
| द | d | दो (dô, two) | |
| ध | dh | दूध (doûdh, milk) | |
| न | n | name | नमक (namak, salt) |
| प | p | papa | पति (pati, husband) |
| फ | ph, f | सफेद (safed, white) | |
| फ़ | f (words of foreign origin) | failure | फ़ारसी (Farsi) |
| ब | b | balloon | बीस (bîs, twenty) |
| भ | bh | भारत (bhârat, India) | |
| म | m | mom | माथा (mâthâ, forehead) |
| य | y | yac | चाय (tchây, tea/chai) |
| र | r | rate | रिववार (ravivâr, Sunday) |
| ल | l | lake | लाना (lânâ, bring) |
| व | v, w | हवा (hawâ, air) | |
| श | sh (wet ch) | (German) mich | शनिवार (shanivâr, Saturday) |
| ष | ch | shell | भाषा (bhâchâ, language) |
| स | s | silk | सात (sât, seven) |
| ह | h | hill | होना (honâ, to be) |
| ़ | |||
| ् | (to suppress the implicit vowel) | ||
| ॐ | Ôm | ||
| । | . (end of phrase) | ||
| ॥ | (marks the end of the rhyme in poetry) |
English/Hindi/Gujarati Alphabets
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
...................................................
A B bh C ch chh D dh E F G gh H I J K kh L M N O
अ ब भ क च छ ड/द ध/ढ़ इ फ ग घ ह ई ज क ख ल म न/ण ऑ
અ બ ભ ક ચ છ ડ/દ ધ /ઢ ઇ ફ ગ ઘ હ ઈ જ ક ખ લ મ ન/ણ ઓ
..................................................
P ph Q R S sh T th U V W X Y Z
प फ क्यू र स श ट/त ठ/थ उ व व क्ष य झ
પ ફ ક ર સ શ ટ/ત ઠ/થ ઉ વ વ ક્ષ ય ઝ
..................................................
Which Indian script is easier to learn? Hindi or Gujarati?
Hindi can easily be written without horizontal lines in Gujarati Script.
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English/Hindi/Gujarati Vowels:
a aa i ee u oo e ai o au am ah
अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऐ ऐ ओ औ अं अह
અ આ ઇ ઈ ઉ ઊ એ ઐ ઓ ઔ અં અઃ
..........................................
k ka ki kee ku koo ke kai ko kau kam kh
क का कि की कु कू के कै को कौ कं क्ह
ક કા કિ કી કુ કૂ કે કૈ કો કૌ કં કઃ
..........................................
English/Hindi/Gujarati Numbers:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
१ २ ३ ४ ५ ६ ७ ८ ९ १०
૧ ૨ ૩ ૪ ૫ ૬ ૭ ૮ ૯ ૧૦