Chipmunk Basic pocketManual
Chipmunk Basic pocketManual as supplied to freeware interpreter for Basic programming language called Chipmunk Basic (release 3 version 6 update 6 patch 0) for Mac OS X (Snow Leopard) or newer by Ron H Nicholson. Some statements work only in the GUI-version, other via the command line interface or both. Most commands and statements should work more or less the same under other supported platforms like Linux or Microsoft Windows. It's no obligation to start statements with a line number if you write them using an advanced syntax-checking editor like TextWrangler for OS X or Notepad++ on Windows. See downloads near the bottom of this page.
The built-in help system is extremely limited, but since this an open project it might be expanded any moment in time. Some sections¶graphs of this concept book cover parts of the complete reference as well.
Please try studying the Chipmunk Basic man page and README file or the author's site.[1]
For a quick start read following main sections first in this order while sections are mainly alphabetic for reader's convenience:
commands
[edit | edit source]- basic
- At the prompt of your operating system can be typed basic optionally followed by the path and/or filename to start a(n existing) Basic program showing its own prompt by default >
- Program names should have a .bas extension to appear in the Open dialog box.
- see also - statements files
bye
[edit | edit source]- see exit
clear
[edit | edit source]- clear
- All variables are cleared and if appropriate (in case of tables and the like) deallocated. Not to be confused with the statement cls to wipe the characters and pictures off your computer's screen and have your cursor in the upper left corner.
cont
[edit | edit source]- cont
- Return to the address after the one where a stop or error occurred.
del
[edit | edit source]- Remove a (sequence of) line(s) from the current progfile e.g. del 40-90 to get rid of lines numbered 40 thru 90.
edit
[edit | edit source]- edit LineNumber
- Built-in editor works with a few vi-like commands on a line (undo erroneous changes via ctrl+c).
- i => insert till key
- x => delete one char
- A => append to end of line
exit
[edit | edit source]- bye or
- exit or
- quit
- Quit interpreting and return to level where you came from. Open files are supposed to be closed after one of these commands.
list
[edit | edit source]- list { { from# } { - [[#LineNum|to#} }
- All parameters are optional listing line(s) of the current prog on screen
- none => entire program of course only option if no line has numbers
- only from# => from till last
- only - to# => from first till to#
- both => from from# till to#
load
[edit | edit source]- Moves a stored file with name resulting from above expression to memory so it can be executed by the interpreter.
- Notes: lines starting with a # are treated as comments. Lines numbered up to 2147483647 (231 - 1) are valid.
merge
[edit | edit source]- ProgFile is merged with the program in memory. Lines with the same number are replaced, non-existing ones are added so a merged program can be executed and if you wish saved.
new
[edit | edit source]- new
- clears all variables, closes all files and gives memory borrowed by the program back to the operating system.
quit
[edit | edit source]- see exit
renum
[edit | edit source]- renum ProgFile { {start}, {increment}, {low_limit} , {high_limit} }
- Renumber current or ProgFile if supplied. All linenumber-parameters are optional. Default is 10,10,1 with result 10,20,30...
- With low_limits and high_limit it's possible to renumber only a part of the file.All referring go*-statements (within limits) will change.
run
[edit | edit source]- Execution of in memory present or named program from the first or supplied line on.
save
[edit | edit source]- save (ProgFile)
- Store in RAM residing program on a disk
constants
[edit | edit source]- A constant can be a literal text between double quotes ("), a number following IEEE double format rules or one of the following
true
[edit | edit source]Not zero (<>0)
false
[edit | edit source]Zero (0)
pi
[edit | edit source]Prints 3.141593
files
[edit | edit source]directory
[edit | edit source]- files ' Lists the current directory.
- files path$, any$ ' Sets the current dir.
- errorstatus$ ' Will return the path afterwards.
file
[edit | edit source]- open filename$ for input as #1
- open "SFGetFile" for input as #3
- while not eof(3) : input #3,a$ : print a$ : wend : close #3
- open "SFPutFile" for output as #4
input
[edit | edit source]- x = fgetbyte #3
- ' Gets one byte from a file.;
- get
- ' Receives a character from console or terminal
- input my_prompt$, y
- ' Set your own prompt when asking for a number.
- input s$
- ' Prompts for an input string.
- ' Puts the entire input line in s$.
- input x
- ' Input one line. Convert to a number.
- input #3, s$
- ' Input from a file (must be open first.)
- print "hello"
- print "hello"; ' Prints without a carriage return or line feed.
- print 1+2
- print #4,s$ ' Prints to a file (must be open first.);
- print format$(x, "$###.##") ' Prints a formatted amount.
- print { # FNUM, } using STRINGVAL ; VAR { [ , | ; ] VAR ... } 'similar to above format
- gotoxy x,y ' Position cursor in console window. (0 origin)
- print fre ' special variable in GUI (graph user int) version
- 20971520 ' 0 in case you use CLI (command line interface)
- ' as always: YMMV (your mileage may vary)
serial-ports
[edit | edit source]- open "COM1:" for input as #3 ' Requires CTB Serial Tool.
- open "COM1:" for output as #4 ' Open input first.
- if not eof(3) then i = fgetbyte(3)'
- open "COM3: 19200" for input as #5 ' Uses the old serial driver.
functions
[edit | edit source]Functions are procedures to convert or format data in order to show information.
abs
[edit | edit source]abs removes the sign of a number. Ex abs(-1234)=1234
acos
[edit | edit source]asc
[edit | edit source]asc(A$) shoes the ASCII# of character A$. Reverse of chr$.
asin
[edit | edit source]atn
[edit | edit source]chr$
[edit | edit source]- chr$(n) shows the ASCII-char with number n. Reverse of asc. There is a difference in the terminal version with the GUI on Mac OSX {3.6.6(b0)} if n>127 (i.e. DEL)
See XFA01 for an example of how to use this function.
cos
[edit | edit source]cosh
[edit | edit source]exp
[edit | edit source]field$
[edit | edit source]- field$(my_str$, word_num) ' Chops words out of a sentence.
- field$(s$, n, seperator_char$) ' Space is seperator default.
floor
[edit | edit source]format$
[edit | edit source]- format$( Value , StringExpression )
- Returns the string representation of Value formatted according to the format StringExpression. The format of the latter is the same formatting syntax as the print using statement.
inkey$
[edit | edit source]- a$ = inkey$ ' Polls for keyboard input. Non-blocking.
input$
[edit | edit source]int
[edit | edit source]isarray
[edit | edit source]lcase$
[edit | edit source]left$
[edit | edit source]len
[edit | edit source]log
[edit | edit source]log10
[edit | edit source]mid$
[edit | edit source]right$
[edit | edit source]rnd
[edit | edit source]sgn
[edit | edit source]sin
[edit | edit source]sinh
[edit | edit source]sqr
[edit | edit source]str$
[edit | edit source]This function is used to convert a number to a string, for example: print "this is my number:"+str$(123+2) , prints: this is my number:125 . In previous example, mixing string with integer will produce a Type mismatch error.
A more interesting example, in a Unix based machine (like Mac OS), for using ls, awk, str$ and system$ for listing the first 3 files in folder /Users/nmm/Desktop/:
10 FOR n=1 TO 3
20 PRINT system$("ls /Users/nmm/Desktop| awk '(NR=="+str$(n)+")")
30 NEXT n
tan
[edit | edit source]tanh
[edit | edit source]ubound
[edit | edit source]ucase$
[edit | edit source]val
[edit | edit source]- see also - files
graphics
[edit | edit source]colors
[edit | edit source]- graphics color r,g,b ' red, green, blue values (range 0-100)
- graphics color 100,100,100 ' white
- graphics color 100, 0, 0 ' red
drawing
[edit | edit source]- moveto x,y ' This sets the starting point.
- lineto x,y ' Draw a line to this end point.;
- pset x,y ' Draw one dot.
- graphics circle r
- graphics rect x1,y1, x2,y2 ' Draws a rectangle.
- graphics fillrect x1,y1, x2,y2 ' also filloval for ovals
- see also - colors sprites pictures graphics-window
graphics-functions
[edit | edit source]- botton_down = mouse(0)
- current_x = mouse(1)
- current_y = mouse(2)
- last_click_x = mouse(3)
graphics-window
[edit | edit source]- graphics 0 ' This makes the window appear.
- ' Also refreshes graphics.
- graphics window w,h ' Changes the size.
- graphics window x,y, w,h ' Moves it.
- graphics -1 ' Hides the graphics window.
- graphics drawtext s$ ' Draws text.
pictures
[edit | edit source]- graphics pict x, y, filename$ ' Displays a PICT file.
- call "savepicture", fname$ ' Saves a PICT file.
sprites
[edit | edit source]- down ' Create your own sprites with ResEdit.
- pendown
- penup
- sprite 1, 100,50, 128 ' Draws sprite #1 at (100,50)
- sprite n, x,y, rsrc_id ' Sprites are ICN# icon images. built in sprite rsrc_id's are 128 to 142
- sprite n forward x ' Moves sprite #n x pixels.
- sprite n turn d ' Turns heading CCW d degrees.
- turnleft
- turnright
- up
user-interface
[edit | edit source]- a$ = inputbox("prompt", "title", "default", 0) ' Puts up a dialog box and ask for input.
- graphics button title$, x,y,w,h,asc("t") ' Puts up a button that enters the letter "t".
- graphics button "",-1 ' Clears all buttons.
- see also - graphics-window
objects
[edit | edit source]- OOP - Object Oriented Programming - Just some syntax hints here -
- class my_class [ extends super_class_name ]
- {public|private} x as {integer|double|string}
- ... ' Etc.
- sub member_function_name() ' Define public member function.
- this.x = ...
- member_function_name = return_value
- end sub
- end class ' End class definition
- dim a as new my_class ' Create an instance.
- a.member_function_name() ' Call member function.
operators
[edit | edit source]Arithmetic
[edit | edit source]- +
With numerics adding numbers print 4 + 2 shows 6
When used with strings plus means concatenation
- NamF$="Jimmy " : NamL$="Wales" : print NamF$ + NamL$
- Result is Jimmy Wales
- -
Subtract. print 6 - 4 results to 2
Multiply. print 4 * 2 results to 8
- /
Divide. print 8 / 2 will return 4
- ^
Exponent. print 2 ˆ 3 gives you 8
- mod
Modulo i.e. calculate remainder after dividing left by right 7 mod 2 = 1
Boolean algebra
[edit | edit source]- and
Bitwise unset. 15 (=1111) and 5 (=0101) makes 5
- or
Bitwise set (inclusive). 5 or 2 (0010) = 7 (0111)
- xor
like or, but exclusive. 15 xor 6 (0110) = 9 (1001)
Comparison
[edit | edit source]- not
negative in comparing variables or constants.
- if not fre then print "via CLI" else print "GUI" : endif
- >
Test if the left's value is greater than right one.
- if fre > 32767 then print "Available memory should be enough for normal use"
- <
- if Age% < 18 then print Permission to marry from your parents necessary"
- >=
- if Speed >=50.1 then print "Risk for a speeding ticket in this city exists"
- <=
- if dat_brn% <= 1995 then print "Next year you may vote, perhaps earlier"
- <>
Test if the left's value is unequal to right one.
- if left$(namf$,5) <> "Admin" then print "Welcome, guest"
- =
Assign a value to a variable or test for equality when comparing fields
- Xmas$="Dec25-26"
- if mo% = 7 or mo% = 8 then print "It's certainly summer on northern hemisphere"
sound
[edit | edit source]- sound 800, 0.5, 50 ' Play a sound for half a sec.
- sound freq,dur,vol ' Hz, seconds, vol [0 to 100]
- sound 0, rsrc_id ' Plays a snd resource.
- sound -2,voice,key,velocity,seconds [,channel] ' sound -2 requires Quicktime 2.1 Midi
morse-code
[edit | edit source]- morse "cq de n6ywu"
- morse my_string$,20,40,13,700 ' dots,vol,wpm,Hz
speech
[edit | edit source]- say "hello"
- ' requires Speech Manager extension
- say my_string$, 196, 44, 1
- ' rate, pitch, voice
- say
- ' reads out the console window
- print macfunction("numSpeakers")
- print macfunction("getSpeaker")
- ' current voices name
special
[edit | edit source]- Mac specific functions
- date$ time$ timer doevents
- call "wait", 1 ' Waits one second.
- fre ' free memory in application heap
- see also - user-interface advanced-features version
statements
[edit | edit source]cls
[edit | edit source]Clears the screen.
- cls : print "Welcome to Chipmunk Basic"
data
[edit | edit source]Enter some static integers, real numbers and/or text (between double quotes (") to fill array(s), variables etc.
- data ...{,...}* : read ... : restore ...
- rem on a farm there are animals with a type name, number in house or in a cage, stable etc.
- dim t%(3) : data "|7|15|15|(END)","animals|5|3","cat|3|0","dog|1|1"
- data "horse|0|0","rabbit|0|2","chicken|0|9","(END)|15|15"
- read a$ : s$=left$(a$,1) : d%=len(field$( a$, -1, s$ )) : g$=right$(a$,len(a$)-1) : e$=field$( g$, d%, s$ ) : d%=1
- while d% < len(field$( a$, -1, s$ ))
- t%(d%-1)=val(field$( g$, d%, s$ )) : d%=d%+1
- wend
- for f%=3 to 7 : if field$( a$, f% - 2, s$ ) = e$ then exit for : end if
- dim r$(3) : dim q$(t%(0),t%(1),t%(2)) :rem schema and table
- for f% = 0 to 3 : read r$(f%) : if r$(f%) = e$ then exit for : end if : next f% : m% = f% - 1
degrees
[edit | edit source]- see radians
dim
[edit | edit source]- dim ... : erase ...
- Special case is define a database in SDBM-format.
- dim DBSTRINGVAR as dbm$( STRINGEXPR )
- Open a sdbm database file using the filename contained in STRINGEXPR. Creates a database if one doesn't exist.
- This database can be accessed by using or storing to the array string variable named by DBSTRINGVAR ( STRINGKEY ).
- Example: mydb$(key$) = somevalstr$; : print mydb$(key$)
- close DBSTRINGVAR
- Close a sdbm database file if one using that variable name is open.
end
[edit | edit source]- end
- optional statement to show explicitly the logical end of program file
for
[edit | edit source]- for ...=... to ... step ... next ...
gosub
[edit | edit source]- gosub ... return
- see also - sub subroutines
goto
[edit | edit source]- goto ...
if
[edit | edit source]- if ... then ... else ... endif
let
[edit | edit source]- {let} ...=...
- documentary or for compatibility reasons since it's implied if the first word is a variable definition
peek
[edit | edit source]- peek( addr { , size_val } )
- Shows content of 1 byte or more depending on size_val (2,4 or 8) at MemoryLocation addr. To change: poke
poke
[edit | edit source]- poke ADDR_EXPR, DATA_EXPR { , SIZE_VAL }
- Change content of addressed locations (see peek)
radians
[edit | edit source]- radians : degrees
- interpreter directive what units to use for trigonometric functions like cos, sin, tan etcetera
rem
[edit | edit source]- rem
select
[edit | edit source]- select case
stop
[edit | edit source]- stop causes a break that can be useful e.g. to make changes in the application, debugging, aborting or just continue.
sub
[edit | edit source]- sub ... : end sub
while
[edit | edit source]- while ...{=...} wend : exit while
subroutines
[edit | edit source]end sub
[edit | edit source]- See sub
gosub line_num
[edit | edit source]- Execute one or more numbered lines somewhere else in current program
- 10 print "Power(s) of two"
- gosub 50 : print "Ok" : end
- 50 print "To quit type number <0 or >8"
- input "FromExp",n% : if n%<0 then return
- 90 m%=2
- for e%=n% to n%+7 : s% =m% ^ e% : : if s%>32767 then return
return
[edit | edit source]- See gosub
sub
[edit | edit source]- Perform a named subroutine or custom call including parameter(s)
- sub mumble(param1, param2) ' Define sub with 2 params.
- mumble = 7 + param1 ' set return value
- end sub
- x = mumble(1) ' Calls sub. Extra params are set to 0.
Downloads
[edit | edit source]- IOS (HotPaw Basic 1.5.6)
- Chipmunk Basic interpreter files (version)
Linux
[edit | edit source]Mac
[edit | edit source]- MacOS 10.13-14 (1.368.2116 beta)
- OS X 10.9-12 (1.367.2627)
- OS X 10.6+ Intel (3.6.6)
- OS X 10.5/6 (3.6.5)
- OSX 10.x (3.6.4)
- Classic 9 (3.6.3)
Raspberry Pi
[edit | edit source]- armv6l command-line executable + man page (3.6.7b6 beta)
Windows
[edit | edit source]Examples
[edit | edit source]External
[edit | edit source]- Shapedraw anoved.net, visited 3 Sep 2019
Internal
[edit | edit source]- XFAT - show table of ASCII-characters 0-127 (CLI) or 0-255 (GUI)
Output may very well be system and/or version dependant.
Below how it looks in 3.6.6(b0) on Mac's OSX 10.6.8 aka Snow Leopard.
In 3.6.8(b2) for macOS 11.2 (Big Sur) it doesn't work unfortunately like this anymore; all characters from 128 to 255 show '#'.
a-3 XFAT.bas rvup1.9.26.22 'eXample Formatted AscTable' Chipmunk BASIC v3.6.6(b0) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 nul soh stx etx eot enq ack bel bs ht lf vt ff cr so si dle dc1 dc2 dc4 dc4 nak syn etb can em sub esc fs gs rs us 0x00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 ' ' '!' '"' '#' '$' '%' '&' ''' '(' ')' '*' '+' ',' '-' '.' '/' '0' '1' '2' '3' '4' '5' '6' '7' '8' '9' ':' ';' '<' '=' '>' '?' 0x20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2a 2b 2c 2d 2e 2f 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 3f 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 '@' 'A' 'B' 'C' 'D' 'E' 'F' 'G' 'H' 'I' 'J' 'K' 'L' 'M' 'N' 'O' 'P' 'Q' 'R' 'S' 'T' 'U' 'V' 'W' 'X' 'Y' 'Z' '[' '\' ']' '^' '_' 0x40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5a 5b 5c 5d 5e 5f 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 '`' 'a' 'b' 'c' 'd' 'e' 'f' 'g' 'h' 'i' 'j' 'k' 'l' 'm' 'n' 'o' 'p' 'q' 'r' 's' 't' 'u' 'v' 'w' 'x' 'y' 'z' '{' '|' '}' '~' del 0x60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 7a 7b 7c 7d 7e 7f 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 'Ä' 'Å' 'Ç' 'É' 'Ñ' 'Ö' 'Ü' 'á' 'à' 'â' 'ä' 'ã' 'å' 'ç' 'é' 'è' 'ê' 'ë' 'í' 'ì' 'î' 'ï' 'ñ' 'ó' 'ò' 'ô' 'ö' 'õ' 'ú' 'ù' 'û' 'ü' 0x80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 8a 8b 8c 8d 8e 8f 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 9a 9b 9c 9d 9e 9f 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 '†' '°' '¢' '£' '§' '•' '¶' 'ß' '®' '©' '™' '´' '¨' '≠' 'Æ' 'Ø' '∞' '±' '≤' '≥' '¥' 'µ' '∂' '∑' '∏' 'π' '∫' 'ª' 'º' 'Ω' 'æ' 'ø' 0xa0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 aa ab ac ad ae af b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 ba bb bc bd be bf 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 '¿' '¡' '¬' '√' 'ƒ' '≈' '∆' '«' '»' '…' ' ' 'À' 'Ã' 'Õ' 'Œ' 'œ' '–' '—' '“' '”' '‘' '’' '÷' '◊' 'ÿ' 'Ÿ' '⁄' '€' '‹' '›' 'fi' 'fl' 0xc0 c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 c7 c8 c9 ca cb cc cd ce cf d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 da db dc dd de df 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 '‡' '·' '‚' '„' '‰' 'Â' 'Ê' 'Á' 'Ë' 'È' 'Í' 'Î' 'Ï' 'Ì' 'Ó' 'Ô' '' 'Ò' 'Ú' 'Û' 'Ù' 'ı' 'ˆ' '˜' '¯' '˘' '˙' '˚' '¸' '˝' '˛' 'ˇ' 0xe0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5 e6 e7 e8 e9 ea eb ec ed ee ef f0 f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 f6 f7 f8 f9 fa fb fc fd fe ff done Break in line 220 >list 100 rem Clear screen - make table of control characters and show your own app+int/vsn_id & first 32 codeNumbers 110 v$ = fn version$() : g% = instr(v$,"graphics") : option base 0 120 if g% = 0 then h$ = "app" else h$ = "a"+mid$(v$,g%+8,2) 130 cls : dim i$(32) : for j% = 0 to 32 : read i$(j%) : next j% 140 print h$;" XFAT.bas rvup1.9.26.22 'eXample Formatted AscTable' "+left$(v$,instr(v$,",")-1) 150 k% = -32 : gosub 240 : for j% = k%+32 to l%+32 : print i$(j%); : next j% : print : gosub 320 160 rem print all codelines until del (0x7f) in a loop & finish 170 while j% < 97 : gosub 310 : wend : if g% = 0 then 200 180 rem GUI-mode when 'graphics' is found in builtin FuNct 'version$()' 190 while j% < 225 : gosub 310 : wend 200 print "done" 210 rem Break so user can decide to change, continue, list, quit, restart etc. r1: added hexadecimal codePoints 220 stop 230 rem SubProcedure to show characterCodes 240 if k% = 64 then l% = k%+30 else l% = k%+31 250 for j% = k%+32 to l%+32 : print right$(" "+str$(j%),4); : next j% : if j% = 127 then print " 127"; : j% = j%+1 260 print : return 270 rem ASCII-characters contained in a line followed by a line containing their hexadecimal value 280 for j% = k%+32 to l%+32 : print " '";chr$(j%);"'"; : next j% : if j% = 127 then print i$(32); : j% = j%+1 290 print : gosub 320 : return 300 rem both codes and content 310 k% = j%-32 : gosub 240 : gosub 280 : return 320 for j% = k%+32 to k%+63 : if j% mod 32 = 0 then 330 print "0x";hex$(j%,2); 340 else 350 print " ";hex$(j%,2); 360 endif 370 next j% : print : return 380 rem 'database' of special chars that are making a mess of your screen if printed as is 390 data " nul"," soh"," stx"," etx"," eot"," enq"," ack"," bel"," bs"," ht"," lf"," vt"," ff"," cr"," so"," si" 400 data " dle"," dc1"," dc2"," dc4"," dc4"," nak"," syn"," etb"," can"," em"," sub"," esc"," fs"," gs"," rs"," us" 410 data " del"
Glossary
[edit | edit source]Expr
[edit | edit source]Hex
[edit | edit source]- Hexadecimal data can be entered with either 0x as prefix or &h
- examples 0x07ff &h241f
LineNum
[edit | edit source]The first one to ten digits of a line within a program file can be used for some statements and the simple built-in editor.
- Limits 1 to 231 - 1 = 2147483647
- Lines with a number of more than nine digits are not visible on the monitor
Labels followed by a colon (:) may be used instead e.g.
- x=7
- foo: print x : x=x-1 : if x>0 then goto foo:
String
[edit | edit source]- literal text between double quotes e.g. "ProgId42.bas", "Hello, world"
- variable ending with $ e.g. my_text$
ULM
[edit | edit source]- Unix, Linux and Mac OS X, three of the various supported operating systems
Val
[edit | edit source]- Value if an expression is not accepted by the interpreter
Var
[edit | edit source]A variable name can be maximum 31 characters [letters, digits or underscores (_)] long.
- Obsolete prefix fn used to be for "def fn" so to avoid downward incompatibility don't use these two bytes together in the beginning.
- If a dollar sign ($) is used at the end of a name the field holds a string with a length of up to 254 bytes which is the maximum length of a program line as well
- The suffix percent (%) is interpreted as an integer between -32768 and 32767
- All other numeric variables are considered being IEEE real.
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ Chipmunk Basic by Ron Nicholson - homePage with general info and links concerning other dialects of Basic as well
Further reading
[edit | edit source]- Chipmunk Basic Reference manual;
- ReadMe including examples, FAQ, history and more...