A Reference Guide to Cases in the Ukrainian Language/Printable version

A Reference Guide to Cases in the Ukrainian Language

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Locative case

The locative case is used to denote where something or someone is in Ukrainian.

Nouns

Singular nouns

	Changes	Examples
Most words	Add -і to the ending of the nominative form. Any ь or vowel should be dropped from the end of the word	університет -> університеті
All nouns ending in -ка, and some nouns ending in -к	Replace the ending with -ці	зупинка -> зупинці урок -> уроці
All nouns ending in -га, and some nouns ending in -г or -го	Replace the ending with -зі	книга -> книзі
All nouns ending in -ха, and some nouns ending in -х or -хо	Replace the ending with -сі	капелюх -> капелюсі
Masculine nouns that end in -й	Change the ending to -ї	музей -> музеї
Feminine nouns that end in -їя or -ея	Change the final -я to -ї	лекція -> лекції
Masculine nouns that end in -ок	Change the ending to -ку	будинок -> будинку
Most Masculine nouns that end in -к	Add -у to the end	парк -> парку
Some neuter nouns that are clearly foreign borrowings	Do not change	таксі -> таксі інтервʼю —> інтервʼю

Plural nouns

	Changes	Examples
Masculine nouns that end in a hard constant	Add -ах to the end of the word	гори (гір) -> горах
Masculine nouns that end in -й or -ь	Replace the ending with -ях
Feminine nouns that end in -а	Replace the ending with -ах
Feminine nouns that end in -я	Replace the ending with -ях	лекції (лекція) -> лекціях

Exceptions

Word in Nominative	Word in Vocative
сад	саду
рік	році
урок	уроку
аеропорт	аеропорту

Vocative case

The vocative case is used to address someone in Ukrainian.

Nouns

Masculine Nouns

	Changes	Examples
Masculine names that end in -а	The ending changes to -о	Микола -> Миколо
Masculine nouns that end with a consonant or and о	Their endings change to -е	Степан -> Степане Пан Михайло -> Пане Михайле
Masculine nouns that end with -ко, -ик	Take the у ending	Марко -> Марку Петрик -> Петрику
Male patronymic names	Add у to the add	Ігор Михайлович -> Ігоре Михайловичу
Masculine nouns that end with ь or й	Change the ending to ю	Андрій -> Андрію дідусь -> дідусю
Masculine nouns that end with -ар	Add ю to the word	кухар -> кухарю

Feminine nouns

	Changes	Examples
Feminine nouns that end in -а	The ending changes to -о	мама -> мамо Оксана -> Оксано
Feminine nouns that end with a consonant + я	Their ending changes to -ю	Галя -> Галю
Female last names	Don’t change
Foreign female first names that don’t end with -а or -я	Don’t change

Plural Nouns

Most plural nouns do not change in vocative case, so “Dear friends” would be «Дорогі друзі». The word пани, does change to панове, and «Пані та панове» is the equivalent of “ladies and gentlemen”.

Exceptions

Word in Nominative	Word in Vocative
Бог	Боже
дід	діду
друг	друже
пані	пані
син	сину
тато	тату
хлопець	хлопче
чоловік	чоловіче
пани	панове