# A-level Physics (Advancing Physics)/Heat and Energy/Worked Solutions

Jump to: navigation, search

1. Carbon dioxide sublimes at 195°K. Roughly what energy per. particle does this correspond to?

${\displaystyle E\approx kT=1.38\times 10^{-23}\times 195\approx 10^{-21}{\mbox{ J particle}}^{-1}}$

2. A certain chemical reaction requires particles with mass of the order 10-26 to move, on average, at 10ms-1. Roughly what temperature does this correspond to?

${\displaystyle E_{k}={\frac {1}{2}}mv^{2}=0.5\times 10^{-26}\times 10^{2}=5\times 10^{-25}}$

${\displaystyle 5\times 10^{-25}=kT}$

${\displaystyle T={\frac {5\times 10^{-25}}{1.38\times 10^{-23}}}\approx 10^{-2}}$ °K

3. The boiling point of water is 100°C. Roughly what energy per. particle does this correspond to?

100°C = 373°K

${\displaystyle E\approx kT=1.38\times 10^{-23}\times 373\approx 5\times 10^{-21}{\mbox{ J particle}}^{-1}}$

4. Thermionic emission from copper requires around 5eV of energy per. particle. How hot will the wire be at this energy level?

5eV = 5 x 1.6 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-19 J particle-1

${\displaystyle T={\frac {8\times 10^{-19}}{1.38\times 10^{-23}}}\approx 6\times 10^{4}}$ °K