Polish/Hard and soft consonants

< Noun cases < ^ Polish ^ > Feminine noun declension >

Before you begin to study declension patterns, it is useful to look over this chart:

Polish hard and soft consonants

hard

m

b

p

w

f

n

d

t

z

s

ł

r

g/g(i)

k/k(i)

h/h(i)

ch/ch(i)

soft

m(i)

b(i)

p(i)

w(i)

f(i)

ń/n(i)

dź/dz(i)

ć/c(i)

ź/z(i)

ś/s(i)

l(i)

rz

dz

c

ż

sz

dż

cz

j

Hard consonants may change according to this table into their soft counterparts. Examples:

'sky' — Nominative: niebo, Locative: w niebie

'brother' — Nominative: brat, Locative: o bracie

'river' — Nominative: rzeka, Locative: o rzece

'leg' — Nominative: noga, Locative: na nodze

'bicycle' — Nominative: rower, Locative: na rowerze

'hell' — Nominative: piekło, Locative: w piekle

'Warsaw' — Nominative: Warszawa, Locative: w Warszawie

See also

International Phonetic Alphabet

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< Noun cases < ^ Polish ^ > Feminine noun declension >