File:Electronic structure of materials.jpg
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Summary
Overview of the electronic structure of the different fundamental classes of materials.
’’’Atoms’’’ have discrete energy levels for each electronic state. Electronic transitions by eg. optical excitation can change the state of the atom.
’’’Molecules’’’ can also have discrete energy levels, but the more complex structure also gives a much more complex diagram of electronic states. In addition, the moelcules con rotate and vibrate which modulates the oberserved energy levels.
’’’Insulators’’’ can be seen as a condensed phase of molecules with little electronic connection between neighboring molecules for conducting a current. Only when excitation is made with an energy above the several eV bandgap will conduction be possible.
’’’Semiconductors’’’ have a more narrow bandgap and even at room temperature a few conduction electrons will be excited into the conductance band.
’’’Doped Semiconductors’’’ have higher electrical conductance because added dopants provide conduction electrons.
’’’Metals’’’ can be consideres as ionized metal atoms in a sea of free electrons, giving a high conductivity and high reflectivity of light (as long as it is not too high in frequency)
- This illustration was made for the Opensource Handbook of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Please acknowledge the Opensource Handbook of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology if you use this illustration!
- The image also appears on the Commons/nanotechnology page
- Illustration by Kristian Molhave and released for free use provided you acknowledge using it from the Opensource Handbook of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
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File history
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| Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| current | 20:13, 19 November 2006 | | 919 × 381 (114 KB) | KristianMolhave | |
| 14:43, 17 November 2006 |  | 919 × 381 (114 KB) | KristianMolhave | Overview of the electronic structure of the different fundamental classes of materials. ’’’Atoms’’’ have discrete energy levels for each electronic state. Electronic transitions by eg. optical excitation can change the state of the atom. ’ | |
| 14:38, 17 November 2006 |  | 919 × 381 (114 KB) | KristianMolhave | Overview of the electronic structure of the different fundamental classes of materials. ’’’Atoms’’’ have discrete energy levels for each electronic state. Electronic transitions by eg. optical excitation can change the state of the atom. ’ |
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